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+/*!
+ * ionic.bundle.js is a concatenation of:
+ * ionic.js, angular.js, angular-animate.js,
+ * angular-sanitize.js, angular-ui-router.js,
+ * and ionic-angular.js
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * Copyright 2014 Drifty Co.
+ * http://drifty.com/
+ *
+ * Ionic, v1.0.0-rc.4
+ * A powerful HTML5 mobile app framework.
+ * http://ionicframework.com/
+ *
+ * By @maxlynch, @benjsperry, @adamdbradley <3
+ *
+ * Licensed under the MIT license. Please see LICENSE for more information.
+ *
+ */
+
+(function() {
+
+// Create global ionic obj and its namespaces
+// build processes may have already created an ionic obj
+window.ionic = window.ionic || {};
+window.ionic.views = {};
+window.ionic.version = '1.0.0-rc.4';
+
+(function (ionic) {
+
+  ionic.DelegateService = function(methodNames) {
+
+    if (methodNames.indexOf('$getByHandle') > -1) {
+      throw new Error("Method '$getByHandle' is implicitly added to each delegate service. Do not list it as a method.");
+    }
+
+    function trueFn() { return true; }
+
+    return ['$log', function($log) {
+
+      /*
+       * Creates a new object that will have all the methodNames given,
+       * and call them on the given the controller instance matching given
+       * handle.
+       * The reason we don't just let $getByHandle return the controller instance
+       * itself is that the controller instance might not exist yet.
+       *
+       * We want people to be able to do
+       * `var instance = $ionicScrollDelegate.$getByHandle('foo')` on controller
+       * instantiation, but on controller instantiation a child directive
+       * may not have been compiled yet!
+       *
+       * So this is our way of solving this problem: we create an object
+       * that will only try to fetch the controller with given handle
+       * once the methods are actually called.
+       */
+      function DelegateInstance(instances, handle) {
+        this._instances = instances;
+        this.handle = handle;
+      }
+      methodNames.forEach(function(methodName) {
+        DelegateInstance.prototype[methodName] = instanceMethodCaller(methodName);
+      });
+
+
+      /**
+       * The delegate service (eg $ionicNavBarDelegate) is just an instance
+       * with a non-defined handle, a couple extra methods for registering
+       * and narrowing down to a specific handle.
+       */
+      function DelegateService() {
+        this._instances = [];
+      }
+      DelegateService.prototype = DelegateInstance.prototype;
+      DelegateService.prototype._registerInstance = function(instance, handle, filterFn) {
+        var instances = this._instances;
+        instance.$$delegateHandle = handle;
+        instance.$$filterFn = filterFn || trueFn;
+        instances.push(instance);
+
+        return function deregister() {
+          var index = instances.indexOf(instance);
+          if (index !== -1) {
+            instances.splice(index, 1);
+          }
+        };
+      };
+      DelegateService.prototype.$getByHandle = function(handle) {
+        return new DelegateInstance(this._instances, handle);
+      };
+
+      return new DelegateService();
+
+      function instanceMethodCaller(methodName) {
+        return function caller() {
+          var handle = this.handle;
+          var args = arguments;
+          var foundInstancesCount = 0;
+          var returnValue;
+
+          this._instances.forEach(function(instance) {
+            if ((!handle || handle == instance.$$delegateHandle) && instance.$$filterFn(instance)) {
+              foundInstancesCount++;
+              var ret = instance[methodName].apply(instance, args);
+              //Only return the value from the first call
+              if (foundInstancesCount === 1) {
+                returnValue = ret;
+              }
+            }
+          });
+
+          if (!foundInstancesCount && handle) {
+            return $log.warn(
+              'Delegate for handle "' + handle + '" could not find a ' +
+              'corresponding element with delegate-handle="' + handle + '"! ' +
+              methodName + '() was not called!\n' +
+              'Possible cause: If you are calling ' + methodName + '() immediately, and ' +
+              'your element with delegate-handle="' + handle + '" is a child of your ' +
+              'controller, then your element may not be compiled yet. Put a $timeout ' +
+              'around your call to ' + methodName + '() and try again.'
+            );
+          }
+          return returnValue;
+        };
+      }
+
+    }];
+  };
+
+})(window.ionic);
+
+(function(window, document, ionic) {
+
+  var readyCallbacks = [];
+  var isDomReady = document.readyState === 'complete' || document.readyState === 'interactive';
+
+  function domReady() {
+    isDomReady = true;
+    for (var x = 0; x < readyCallbacks.length; x++) {
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(readyCallbacks[x]);
+    }
+    readyCallbacks = [];
+    document.removeEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', domReady);
+  }
+  if (!isDomReady) {
+    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', domReady);
+  }
+
+
+  // From the man himself, Mr. Paul Irish.
+  // The requestAnimationFrame polyfill
+  // Put it on window just to preserve its context
+  // without having to use .call
+  window._rAF = (function() {
+    return window.requestAnimationFrame ||
+           window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
+           window.mozRequestAnimationFrame ||
+           function(callback) {
+             window.setTimeout(callback, 16);
+           };
+  })();
+
+  var cancelAnimationFrame = window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
+    window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
+    window.mozCancelAnimationFrame ||
+    window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+  /**
+  * @ngdoc utility
+  * @name ionic.DomUtil
+  * @module ionic
+  */
+  ionic.DomUtil = {
+    //Call with proper context
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#requestAnimationFrame
+     * @alias ionic.requestAnimationFrame
+     * @description Calls [requestAnimationFrame](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/window.requestAnimationFrame), or a polyfill if not available.
+     * @param {function} callback The function to call when the next frame
+     * happens.
+     */
+    requestAnimationFrame: function(cb) {
+      return window._rAF(cb);
+    },
+
+    cancelAnimationFrame: function(requestId) {
+      cancelAnimationFrame(requestId);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#animationFrameThrottle
+     * @alias ionic.animationFrameThrottle
+     * @description
+     * When given a callback, if that callback is called 100 times between
+     * animation frames, adding Throttle will make it only run the last of
+     * the 100 calls.
+     *
+     * @param {function} callback a function which will be throttled to
+     * requestAnimationFrame
+     * @returns {function} A function which will then call the passed in callback.
+     * The passed in callback will receive the context the returned function is
+     * called with.
+     */
+    animationFrameThrottle: function(cb) {
+      var args, isQueued, context;
+      return function() {
+        args = arguments;
+        context = this;
+        if (!isQueued) {
+          isQueued = true;
+          ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+            cb.apply(context, args);
+            isQueued = false;
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    },
+
+    contains: function(parentNode, otherNode) {
+      var current = otherNode;
+      while (current) {
+        if (current === parentNode) return true;
+        current = current.parentNode;
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#getPositionInParent
+     * @description
+     * Find an element's scroll offset within its container.
+     * @param {DOMElement} element The element to find the offset of.
+     * @returns {object} A position object with the following properties:
+     *   - `{number}` `left` The left offset of the element.
+     *   - `{number}` `top` The top offset of the element.
+     */
+    getPositionInParent: function(el) {
+      return {
+        left: el.offsetLeft,
+        top: el.offsetTop
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#ready
+     * @description
+     * Call a function when the DOM is ready, or if it is already ready
+     * call the function immediately.
+     * @param {function} callback The function to be called.
+     */
+    ready: function(cb) {
+      if (isDomReady) {
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(cb);
+      } else {
+        readyCallbacks.push(cb);
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#getTextBounds
+     * @description
+     * Get a rect representing the bounds of the given textNode.
+     * @param {DOMElement} textNode The textNode to find the bounds of.
+     * @returns {object} An object representing the bounds of the node. Properties:
+     *   - `{number}` `left` The left position of the textNode.
+     *   - `{number}` `right` The right position of the textNode.
+     *   - `{number}` `top` The top position of the textNode.
+     *   - `{number}` `bottom` The bottom position of the textNode.
+     *   - `{number}` `width` The width of the textNode.
+     *   - `{number}` `height` The height of the textNode.
+     */
+    getTextBounds: function(textNode) {
+      if (document.createRange) {
+        var range = document.createRange();
+        range.selectNodeContents(textNode);
+        if (range.getBoundingClientRect) {
+          var rect = range.getBoundingClientRect();
+          if (rect) {
+            var sx = window.scrollX;
+            var sy = window.scrollY;
+
+            return {
+              top: rect.top + sy,
+              left: rect.left + sx,
+              right: rect.left + sx + rect.width,
+              bottom: rect.top + sy + rect.height,
+              width: rect.width,
+              height: rect.height
+            };
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#getChildIndex
+     * @description
+     * Get the first index of a child node within the given element of the
+     * specified type.
+     * @param {DOMElement} element The element to find the index of.
+     * @param {string} type The nodeName to match children of element against.
+     * @returns {number} The index, or -1, of a child with nodeName matching type.
+     */
+    getChildIndex: function(element, type) {
+      if (type) {
+        var ch = element.parentNode.children;
+        var c;
+        for (var i = 0, k = 0, j = ch.length; i < j; i++) {
+          c = ch[i];
+          if (c.nodeName && c.nodeName.toLowerCase() == type) {
+            if (c == element) {
+              return k;
+            }
+            k++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return Array.prototype.slice.call(element.parentNode.children).indexOf(element);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    swapNodes: function(src, dest) {
+      dest.parentNode.insertBefore(src, dest);
+    },
+
+    elementIsDescendant: function(el, parent, stopAt) {
+      var current = el;
+      do {
+        if (current === parent) return true;
+        current = current.parentNode;
+      } while (current && current !== stopAt);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#getParentWithClass
+     * @param {DOMElement} element
+     * @param {string} className
+     * @returns {DOMElement} The closest parent of element matching the
+     * className, or null.
+     */
+    getParentWithClass: function(e, className, depth) {
+      depth = depth || 10;
+      while (e.parentNode && depth--) {
+        if (e.parentNode.classList && e.parentNode.classList.contains(className)) {
+          return e.parentNode;
+        }
+        e = e.parentNode;
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#getParentOrSelfWithClass
+     * @param {DOMElement} element
+     * @param {string} className
+     * @returns {DOMElement} The closest parent or self matching the
+     * className, or null.
+     */
+    getParentOrSelfWithClass: function(e, className, depth) {
+      depth = depth || 10;
+      while (e && depth--) {
+        if (e.classList && e.classList.contains(className)) {
+          return e;
+        }
+        e = e.parentNode;
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#rectContains
+     * @param {number} x
+     * @param {number} y
+     * @param {number} x1
+     * @param {number} y1
+     * @param {number} x2
+     * @param {number} y2
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether {x,y} fits within the rectangle defined by
+     * {x1,y1,x2,y2}.
+     */
+    rectContains: function(x, y, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
+      if (x < x1 || x > x2) return false;
+      if (y < y1 || y > y2) return false;
+      return true;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.DomUtil#blurAll
+     * @description
+     * Blurs any currently focused input element
+     * @returns {DOMElement} The element blurred or null
+     */
+    blurAll: function() {
+      if (document.activeElement && document.activeElement != document.body) {
+        document.activeElement.blur();
+        return document.activeElement;
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+
+    cachedAttr: function(ele, key, value) {
+      ele = ele && ele.length && ele[0] || ele;
+      if (ele && ele.setAttribute) {
+        var dataKey = '$attr-' + key;
+        if (arguments.length > 2) {
+          if (ele[dataKey] !== value) {
+            ele.setAttribute(key, value);
+            ele[dataKey] = value;
+          }
+        } else if (typeof ele[dataKey] == 'undefined') {
+          ele[dataKey] = ele.getAttribute(key);
+        }
+        return ele[dataKey];
+      }
+    },
+
+    cachedStyles: function(ele, styles) {
+      ele = ele && ele.length && ele[0] || ele;
+      if (ele && ele.style) {
+        for (var prop in styles) {
+          if (ele['$style-' + prop] !== styles[prop]) {
+            ele.style[prop] = ele['$style-' + prop] = styles[prop];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  //Shortcuts
+  ionic.requestAnimationFrame = ionic.DomUtil.requestAnimationFrame;
+  ionic.cancelAnimationFrame = ionic.DomUtil.cancelAnimationFrame;
+  ionic.animationFrameThrottle = ionic.DomUtil.animationFrameThrottle;
+
+})(window, document, ionic);
+
+/**
+ * ion-events.js
+ *
+ * Author: Max Lynch <max@drifty.com>
+ *
+ * Framework events handles various mobile browser events, and
+ * detects special events like tap/swipe/etc. and emits them
+ * as custom events that can be used in an app.
+ *
+ * Portions lovingly adapted from github.com/maker/ratchet and github.com/alexgibson/tap.js - thanks guys!
+ */
+
+(function(ionic) {
+
+  // Custom event polyfill
+  ionic.CustomEvent = (function() {
+    if( typeof window.CustomEvent === 'function' ) return CustomEvent;
+
+    var customEvent = function(event, params) {
+      var evt;
+      params = params || {
+        bubbles: false,
+        cancelable: false,
+        detail: undefined
+      };
+      try {
+        evt = document.createEvent("CustomEvent");
+        evt.initCustomEvent(event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail);
+      } catch (error) {
+        // fallback for browsers that don't support createEvent('CustomEvent')
+        evt = document.createEvent("Event");
+        for (var param in params) {
+          evt[param] = params[param];
+        }
+        evt.initEvent(event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable);
+      }
+      return evt;
+    };
+    customEvent.prototype = window.Event.prototype;
+    return customEvent;
+  })();
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc utility
+   * @name ionic.EventController
+   * @module ionic
+   */
+  ionic.EventController = {
+    VIRTUALIZED_EVENTS: ['tap', 'swipe', 'swiperight', 'swipeleft', 'drag', 'hold', 'release'],
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.EventController#trigger
+     * @alias ionic.trigger
+     * @param {string} eventType The event to trigger.
+     * @param {object} data The data for the event. Hint: pass in
+     * `{target: targetElement}`
+     * @param {boolean=} bubbles Whether the event should bubble up the DOM.
+     * @param {boolean=} cancelable Whether the event should be cancelable.
+     */
+    // Trigger a new event
+    trigger: function(eventType, data, bubbles, cancelable) {
+      var event = new ionic.CustomEvent(eventType, {
+        detail: data,
+        bubbles: !!bubbles,
+        cancelable: !!cancelable
+      });
+
+      // Make sure to trigger the event on the given target, or dispatch it from
+      // the window if we don't have an event target
+      data && data.target && data.target.dispatchEvent && data.target.dispatchEvent(event) || window.dispatchEvent(event);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.EventController#on
+     * @alias ionic.on
+     * @description Listen to an event on an element.
+     * @param {string} type The event to listen for.
+     * @param {function} callback The listener to be called.
+     * @param {DOMElement} element The element to listen for the event on.
+     */
+    on: function(type, callback, element) {
+      var e = element || window;
+
+      // Bind a gesture if it's a virtual event
+      for(var i = 0, j = this.VIRTUALIZED_EVENTS.length; i < j; i++) {
+        if(type == this.VIRTUALIZED_EVENTS[i]) {
+          var gesture = new ionic.Gesture(element);
+          gesture.on(type, callback);
+          return gesture;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise bind a normal event
+      e.addEventListener(type, callback);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.EventController#off
+     * @alias ionic.off
+     * @description Remove an event listener.
+     * @param {string} type
+     * @param {function} callback
+     * @param {DOMElement} element
+     */
+    off: function(type, callback, element) {
+      element.removeEventListener(type, callback);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.EventController#onGesture
+     * @alias ionic.onGesture
+     * @description Add an event listener for a gesture on an element.
+     *
+     * Available eventTypes (from [hammer.js](http://eightmedia.github.io/hammer.js/)):
+     *
+     * `hold`, `tap`, `doubletap`, `drag`, `dragstart`, `dragend`, `dragup`, `dragdown`, <br/>
+     * `dragleft`, `dragright`, `swipe`, `swipeup`, `swipedown`, `swipeleft`, `swiperight`, <br/>
+     * `transform`, `transformstart`, `transformend`, `rotate`, `pinch`, `pinchin`, `pinchout`, </br>
+     * `touch`, `release`
+     *
+     * @param {string} eventType The gesture event to listen for.
+     * @param {function(e)} callback The function to call when the gesture
+     * happens.
+     * @param {DOMElement} element The angular element to listen for the event on.
+     * @param {object} options object.
+     * @returns {ionic.Gesture} The gesture object (use this to remove the gesture later on).
+     */
+    onGesture: function(type, callback, element, options) {
+      var gesture = new ionic.Gesture(element, options);
+      gesture.on(type, callback);
+      return gesture;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.EventController#offGesture
+     * @alias ionic.offGesture
+     * @description Remove an event listener for a gesture created on an element.
+     * @param {ionic.Gesture} gesture The gesture that should be removed.
+     * @param {string} eventType The gesture event to remove the listener for.
+     * @param {function(e)} callback The listener to remove.
+
+     */
+    offGesture: function(gesture, type, callback) {
+      gesture && gesture.off(type, callback);
+    },
+
+    handlePopState: function() {}
+  };
+
+
+  // Map some convenient top-level functions for event handling
+  ionic.on = function() { ionic.EventController.on.apply(ionic.EventController, arguments); };
+  ionic.off = function() { ionic.EventController.off.apply(ionic.EventController, arguments); };
+  ionic.trigger = ionic.EventController.trigger;//function() { ionic.EventController.trigger.apply(ionic.EventController.trigger, arguments); };
+  ionic.onGesture = function() { return ionic.EventController.onGesture.apply(ionic.EventController.onGesture, arguments); };
+  ionic.offGesture = function() { return ionic.EventController.offGesture.apply(ionic.EventController.offGesture, arguments); };
+
+})(window.ionic);
+
+/* eslint camelcase:0 */
+/**
+  * Simple gesture controllers with some common gestures that emit
+  * gesture events.
+  *
+  * Ported from github.com/EightMedia/hammer.js Gestures - thanks!
+  */
+(function(ionic) {
+
+  /**
+   * ionic.Gestures
+   * use this to create instances
+   * @param   {HTMLElement}   element
+   * @param   {Object}        options
+   * @returns {ionic.Gestures.Instance}
+   * @constructor
+   */
+  ionic.Gesture = function(element, options) {
+    return new ionic.Gestures.Instance(element, options || {});
+  };
+
+  ionic.Gestures = {};
+
+  // default settings
+  ionic.Gestures.defaults = {
+    // add css to the element to prevent the browser from doing
+    // its native behavior. this doesnt prevent the scrolling,
+    // but cancels the contextmenu, tap highlighting etc
+    // set to false to disable this
+    stop_browser_behavior: 'disable-user-behavior'
+  };
+
+  // detect touchevents
+  ionic.Gestures.HAS_POINTEREVENTS = window.navigator.pointerEnabled || window.navigator.msPointerEnabled;
+  ionic.Gestures.HAS_TOUCHEVENTS = ('ontouchstart' in window);
+
+  // dont use mouseevents on mobile devices
+  ionic.Gestures.MOBILE_REGEX = /mobile|tablet|ip(ad|hone|od)|android|silk/i;
+  ionic.Gestures.NO_MOUSEEVENTS = ionic.Gestures.HAS_TOUCHEVENTS && window.navigator.userAgent.match(ionic.Gestures.MOBILE_REGEX);
+
+  // eventtypes per touchevent (start, move, end)
+  // are filled by ionic.Gestures.event.determineEventTypes on setup
+  ionic.Gestures.EVENT_TYPES = {};
+
+  // direction defines
+  ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_DOWN = 'down';
+  ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_LEFT = 'left';
+  ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_UP = 'up';
+  ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_RIGHT = 'right';
+
+  // pointer type
+  ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE = 'mouse';
+  ionic.Gestures.POINTER_TOUCH = 'touch';
+  ionic.Gestures.POINTER_PEN = 'pen';
+
+  // touch event defines
+  ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START = 'start';
+  ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE = 'move';
+  ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END = 'end';
+
+  // hammer document where the base events are added at
+  ionic.Gestures.DOCUMENT = window.document;
+
+  // plugins namespace
+  ionic.Gestures.plugins = {};
+
+  // if the window events are set...
+  ionic.Gestures.READY = false;
+
+  /**
+   * setup events to detect gestures on the document
+   */
+  function setup() {
+    if(ionic.Gestures.READY) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // find what eventtypes we add listeners to
+    ionic.Gestures.event.determineEventTypes();
+
+    // Register all gestures inside ionic.Gestures.gestures
+    for(var name in ionic.Gestures.gestures) {
+      if(ionic.Gestures.gestures.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        ionic.Gestures.detection.register(ionic.Gestures.gestures[name]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Add touch events on the document
+    ionic.Gestures.event.onTouch(ionic.Gestures.DOCUMENT, ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE, ionic.Gestures.detection.detect);
+    ionic.Gestures.event.onTouch(ionic.Gestures.DOCUMENT, ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END, ionic.Gestures.detection.detect);
+
+    // ionic.Gestures is ready...!
+    ionic.Gestures.READY = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create new hammer instance
+   * all methods should return the instance itself, so it is chainable.
+   * @param   {HTMLElement}       element
+   * @param   {Object}            [options={}]
+   * @returns {ionic.Gestures.Instance}
+   * @name Gesture.Instance
+   * @constructor
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.Instance = function(element, options) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // A null element was passed into the instance, which means
+    // whatever lookup was done to find this element failed to find it
+    // so we can't listen for events on it.
+    if(element === null) {
+      void 0;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    // setup ionic.GesturesJS window events and register all gestures
+    // this also sets up the default options
+    setup();
+
+    this.element = element;
+
+    // start/stop detection option
+    this.enabled = true;
+
+    // merge options
+    this.options = ionic.Gestures.utils.extend(
+        ionic.Gestures.utils.extend({}, ionic.Gestures.defaults),
+        options || {});
+
+    // add some css to the element to prevent the browser from doing its native behavoir
+    if(this.options.stop_browser_behavior) {
+      ionic.Gestures.utils.stopDefaultBrowserBehavior(this.element, this.options.stop_browser_behavior);
+    }
+
+    // start detection on touchstart
+    ionic.Gestures.event.onTouch(element, ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START, function(ev) {
+      if(self.enabled) {
+        ionic.Gestures.detection.startDetect(self, ev);
+      }
+    });
+
+    // return instance
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  ionic.Gestures.Instance.prototype = {
+    /**
+     * bind events to the instance
+     * @param   {String}      gesture
+     * @param   {Function}    handler
+     * @returns {ionic.Gestures.Instance}
+     */
+    on: function onEvent(gesture, handler){
+      var gestures = gesture.split(' ');
+      for(var t = 0; t < gestures.length; t++) {
+        this.element.addEventListener(gestures[t], handler, false);
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * unbind events to the instance
+     * @param   {String}      gesture
+     * @param   {Function}    handler
+     * @returns {ionic.Gestures.Instance}
+     */
+    off: function offEvent(gesture, handler){
+      var gestures = gesture.split(' ');
+      for(var t = 0; t < gestures.length; t++) {
+        this.element.removeEventListener(gestures[t], handler, false);
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * trigger gesture event
+     * @param   {String}      gesture
+     * @param   {Object}      eventData
+     * @returns {ionic.Gestures.Instance}
+     */
+    trigger: function triggerEvent(gesture, eventData){
+      // create DOM event
+      var event = ionic.Gestures.DOCUMENT.createEvent('Event');
+      event.initEvent(gesture, true, true);
+      event.gesture = eventData;
+
+      // trigger on the target if it is in the instance element,
+      // this is for event delegation tricks
+      var element = this.element;
+      if(ionic.Gestures.utils.hasParent(eventData.target, element)) {
+        element = eventData.target;
+      }
+
+      element.dispatchEvent(event);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * enable of disable hammer.js detection
+     * @param   {Boolean}   state
+     * @returns {ionic.Gestures.Instance}
+     */
+    enable: function enable(state) {
+      this.enabled = state;
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * this holds the last move event,
+   * used to fix empty touchend issue
+   * see the onTouch event for an explanation
+   * type {Object}
+   */
+  var last_move_event = null;
+
+
+  /**
+   * when the mouse is hold down, this is true
+   * type {Boolean}
+   */
+  var enable_detect = false;
+
+
+  /**
+   * when touch events have been fired, this is true
+   * type {Boolean}
+   */
+  var touch_triggered = false;
+
+
+  ionic.Gestures.event = {
+    /**
+     * simple addEventListener
+     * @param   {HTMLElement}   element
+     * @param   {String}        type
+     * @param   {Function}      handler
+     */
+    bindDom: function(element, type, handler) {
+      var types = type.split(' ');
+      for(var t = 0; t < types.length; t++) {
+        element.addEventListener(types[t], handler, false);
+      }
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * touch events with mouse fallback
+     * @param   {HTMLElement}   element
+     * @param   {String}        eventType        like ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE
+     * @param   {Function}      handler
+     */
+    onTouch: function onTouch(element, eventType, handler) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      this.bindDom(element, ionic.Gestures.EVENT_TYPES[eventType], function bindDomOnTouch(ev) {
+        var sourceEventType = ev.type.toLowerCase();
+
+        // onmouseup, but when touchend has been fired we do nothing.
+        // this is for touchdevices which also fire a mouseup on touchend
+        if(sourceEventType.match(/mouse/) && touch_triggered) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // mousebutton must be down or a touch event
+        else if( sourceEventType.match(/touch/) ||   // touch events are always on screen
+          sourceEventType.match(/pointerdown/) || // pointerevents touch
+          (sourceEventType.match(/mouse/) && ev.which === 1)   // mouse is pressed
+          ){
+            enable_detect = true;
+          }
+
+        // mouse isn't pressed
+        else if(sourceEventType.match(/mouse/) && ev.which !== 1) {
+          enable_detect = false;
+        }
+
+
+        // we are in a touch event, set the touch triggered bool to true,
+        // this for the conflicts that may occur on ios and android
+        if(sourceEventType.match(/touch|pointer/)) {
+          touch_triggered = true;
+        }
+
+        // count the total touches on the screen
+        var count_touches = 0;
+
+        // when touch has been triggered in this detection session
+        // and we are now handling a mouse event, we stop that to prevent conflicts
+        if(enable_detect) {
+          // update pointerevent
+          if(ionic.Gestures.HAS_POINTEREVENTS && eventType != ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END) {
+            count_touches = ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent.updatePointer(eventType, ev);
+          }
+          // touch
+          else if(sourceEventType.match(/touch/)) {
+            count_touches = ev.touches.length;
+          }
+          // mouse
+          else if(!touch_triggered) {
+            count_touches = sourceEventType.match(/up/) ? 0 : 1;
+          }
+
+          // if we are in a end event, but when we remove one touch and
+          // we still have enough, set eventType to move
+          if(count_touches > 0 && eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END) {
+            eventType = ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE;
+          }
+          // no touches, force the end event
+          else if(!count_touches) {
+            eventType = ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END;
+          }
+
+          // store the last move event
+          if(count_touches || last_move_event === null) {
+            last_move_event = ev;
+          }
+
+          // trigger the handler
+          handler.call(ionic.Gestures.detection, self.collectEventData(element, eventType, self.getTouchList(last_move_event, eventType), ev));
+
+          // remove pointerevent from list
+          if(ionic.Gestures.HAS_POINTEREVENTS && eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END) {
+            count_touches = ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent.updatePointer(eventType, ev);
+          }
+        }
+
+        //debug(sourceEventType +" "+ eventType);
+
+        // on the end we reset everything
+        if(!count_touches) {
+          last_move_event = null;
+          enable_detect = false;
+          touch_triggered = false;
+          ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent.reset();
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * we have different events for each device/browser
+     * determine what we need and set them in the ionic.Gestures.EVENT_TYPES constant
+     */
+    determineEventTypes: function determineEventTypes() {
+      // determine the eventtype we want to set
+      var types;
+
+      // pointerEvents magic
+      if(ionic.Gestures.HAS_POINTEREVENTS) {
+        types = ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent.getEvents();
+      }
+      // on Android, iOS, blackberry, windows mobile we dont want any mouseevents
+      else if(ionic.Gestures.NO_MOUSEEVENTS) {
+        types = [
+          'touchstart',
+          'touchmove',
+          'touchend touchcancel'];
+      }
+      // for non pointer events browsers and mixed browsers,
+      // like chrome on windows8 touch laptop
+      else {
+        types = [
+          'touchstart mousedown',
+          'touchmove mousemove',
+          'touchend touchcancel mouseup'];
+      }
+
+      ionic.Gestures.EVENT_TYPES[ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START] = types[0];
+      ionic.Gestures.EVENT_TYPES[ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE] = types[1];
+      ionic.Gestures.EVENT_TYPES[ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END] = types[2];
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * create touchlist depending on the event
+     * @param   {Object}    ev
+     * @param   {String}    eventType   used by the fakemultitouch plugin
+     */
+    getTouchList: function getTouchList(ev/*, eventType*/) {
+      // get the fake pointerEvent touchlist
+      if(ionic.Gestures.HAS_POINTEREVENTS) {
+        return ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent.getTouchList();
+      }
+      // get the touchlist
+      else if(ev.touches) {
+        return ev.touches;
+      }
+      // make fake touchlist from mouse position
+      else {
+        ev.identifier = 1;
+        return [ev];
+      }
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * collect event data for ionic.Gestures js
+     * @param   {HTMLElement}   element
+     * @param   {String}        eventType        like ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE
+     * @param   {Object}        eventData
+     */
+    collectEventData: function collectEventData(element, eventType, touches, ev) {
+
+      // find out pointerType
+      var pointerType = ionic.Gestures.POINTER_TOUCH;
+      if(ev.type.match(/mouse/) || ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent.matchType(ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE, ev)) {
+        pointerType = ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        center: ionic.Gestures.utils.getCenter(touches),
+        timeStamp: new Date().getTime(),
+        target: ev.target,
+        touches: touches,
+        eventType: eventType,
+        pointerType: pointerType,
+        srcEvent: ev,
+
+        /**
+         * prevent the browser default actions
+         * mostly used to disable scrolling of the browser
+         */
+        preventDefault: function() {
+          if(this.srcEvent.preventManipulation) {
+            this.srcEvent.preventManipulation();
+          }
+
+          if(this.srcEvent.preventDefault) {
+            // this.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+          }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * stop bubbling the event up to its parents
+         */
+        stopPropagation: function() {
+          this.srcEvent.stopPropagation();
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * immediately stop gesture detection
+         * might be useful after a swipe was detected
+         * @return {*}
+         */
+        stopDetect: function() {
+          return ionic.Gestures.detection.stopDetect();
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+
+  ionic.Gestures.PointerEvent = {
+    /**
+     * holds all pointers
+     * type {Object}
+     */
+    pointers: {},
+
+    /**
+     * get a list of pointers
+     * @returns {Array}     touchlist
+     */
+    getTouchList: function() {
+      var self = this;
+      var touchlist = [];
+
+      // we can use forEach since pointerEvents only is in IE10
+      Object.keys(self.pointers).sort().forEach(function(id) {
+        touchlist.push(self.pointers[id]);
+      });
+      return touchlist;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * update the position of a pointer
+     * @param   {String}   type             ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END
+     * @param   {Object}   pointerEvent
+     */
+    updatePointer: function(type, pointerEvent) {
+      if(type == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END) {
+        this.pointers = {};
+      }
+      else {
+        pointerEvent.identifier = pointerEvent.pointerId;
+        this.pointers[pointerEvent.pointerId] = pointerEvent;
+      }
+
+      return Object.keys(this.pointers).length;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * check if ev matches pointertype
+     * @param   {String}        pointerType     ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE
+     * @param   {PointerEvent}  ev
+     */
+    matchType: function(pointerType, ev) {
+      if(!ev.pointerType) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      var types = {};
+      types[ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE] = (ev.pointerType == ev.MSPOINTER_TYPE_MOUSE || ev.pointerType == ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE);
+      types[ionic.Gestures.POINTER_TOUCH] = (ev.pointerType == ev.MSPOINTER_TYPE_TOUCH || ev.pointerType == ionic.Gestures.POINTER_TOUCH);
+      types[ionic.Gestures.POINTER_PEN] = (ev.pointerType == ev.MSPOINTER_TYPE_PEN || ev.pointerType == ionic.Gestures.POINTER_PEN);
+      return types[pointerType];
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * get events
+     */
+    getEvents: function() {
+      return [
+        'pointerdown MSPointerDown',
+      'pointermove MSPointerMove',
+      'pointerup pointercancel MSPointerUp MSPointerCancel'
+        ];
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * reset the list
+     */
+    reset: function() {
+      this.pointers = {};
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  ionic.Gestures.utils = {
+    /**
+     * extend method,
+     * also used for cloning when dest is an empty object
+     * @param   {Object}    dest
+     * @param   {Object}    src
+     * @param	{Boolean}	merge		do a merge
+     * @returns {Object}    dest
+     */
+    extend: function extend(dest, src, merge) {
+      for (var key in src) {
+        if(dest[key] !== undefined && merge) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        dest[key] = src[key];
+      }
+      return dest;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * find if a node is in the given parent
+     * used for event delegation tricks
+     * @param   {HTMLElement}   node
+     * @param   {HTMLElement}   parent
+     * @returns {boolean}       has_parent
+     */
+    hasParent: function(node, parent) {
+      while(node){
+        if(node == parent) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        node = node.parentNode;
+      }
+      return false;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * get the center of all the touches
+     * @param   {Array}     touches
+     * @returns {Object}    center
+     */
+    getCenter: function getCenter(touches) {
+      var valuesX = [], valuesY = [];
+
+      for(var t = 0, len = touches.length; t < len; t++) {
+        valuesX.push(touches[t].pageX);
+        valuesY.push(touches[t].pageY);
+      }
+
+      return {
+        pageX: ((Math.min.apply(Math, valuesX) + Math.max.apply(Math, valuesX)) / 2),
+          pageY: ((Math.min.apply(Math, valuesY) + Math.max.apply(Math, valuesY)) / 2)
+      };
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * calculate the velocity between two points
+     * @param   {Number}    delta_time
+     * @param   {Number}    delta_x
+     * @param   {Number}    delta_y
+     * @returns {Object}    velocity
+     */
+    getVelocity: function getVelocity(delta_time, delta_x, delta_y) {
+      return {
+        x: Math.abs(delta_x / delta_time) || 0,
+        y: Math.abs(delta_y / delta_time) || 0
+      };
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * calculate the angle between two coordinates
+     * @param   {Touch}     touch1
+     * @param   {Touch}     touch2
+     * @returns {Number}    angle
+     */
+    getAngle: function getAngle(touch1, touch2) {
+      var y = touch2.pageY - touch1.pageY,
+      x = touch2.pageX - touch1.pageX;
+      return Math.atan2(y, x) * 180 / Math.PI;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * angle to direction define
+     * @param   {Touch}     touch1
+     * @param   {Touch}     touch2
+     * @returns {String}    direction constant, like ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_LEFT
+     */
+    getDirection: function getDirection(touch1, touch2) {
+      var x = Math.abs(touch1.pageX - touch2.pageX),
+      y = Math.abs(touch1.pageY - touch2.pageY);
+
+      if(x >= y) {
+        return touch1.pageX - touch2.pageX > 0 ? ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_LEFT : ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_RIGHT;
+      }
+      else {
+        return touch1.pageY - touch2.pageY > 0 ? ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_UP : ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_DOWN;
+      }
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * calculate the distance between two touches
+     * @param   {Touch}     touch1
+     * @param   {Touch}     touch2
+     * @returns {Number}    distance
+     */
+    getDistance: function getDistance(touch1, touch2) {
+      var x = touch2.pageX - touch1.pageX,
+      y = touch2.pageY - touch1.pageY;
+      return Math.sqrt((x * x) + (y * y));
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * calculate the scale factor between two touchLists (fingers)
+     * no scale is 1, and goes down to 0 when pinched together, and bigger when pinched out
+     * @param   {Array}     start
+     * @param   {Array}     end
+     * @returns {Number}    scale
+     */
+    getScale: function getScale(start, end) {
+      // need two fingers...
+      if(start.length >= 2 && end.length >= 2) {
+        return this.getDistance(end[0], end[1]) /
+          this.getDistance(start[0], start[1]);
+      }
+      return 1;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * calculate the rotation degrees between two touchLists (fingers)
+     * @param   {Array}     start
+     * @param   {Array}     end
+     * @returns {Number}    rotation
+     */
+    getRotation: function getRotation(start, end) {
+      // need two fingers
+      if(start.length >= 2 && end.length >= 2) {
+        return this.getAngle(end[1], end[0]) -
+          this.getAngle(start[1], start[0]);
+      }
+      return 0;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * boolean if the direction is vertical
+     * @param    {String}    direction
+     * @returns  {Boolean}   is_vertical
+     */
+    isVertical: function isVertical(direction) {
+      return (direction == ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_UP || direction == ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_DOWN);
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * stop browser default behavior with css class
+     * @param   {HtmlElement}   element
+     * @param   {Object}        css_class
+     */
+    stopDefaultBrowserBehavior: function stopDefaultBrowserBehavior(element, css_class) {
+      // changed from making many style changes to just adding a preset classname
+      // less DOM manipulations, less code, and easier to control in the CSS side of things
+      // hammer.js doesn't come with CSS, but ionic does, which is why we prefer this method
+      if(element && element.classList) {
+        element.classList.add(css_class);
+        element.onselectstart = function() {
+          return false;
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  ionic.Gestures.detection = {
+    // contains all registred ionic.Gestures.gestures in the correct order
+    gestures: [],
+
+    // data of the current ionic.Gestures.gesture detection session
+    current: null,
+
+    // the previous ionic.Gestures.gesture session data
+    // is a full clone of the previous gesture.current object
+    previous: null,
+
+    // when this becomes true, no gestures are fired
+    stopped: false,
+
+
+    /**
+     * start ionic.Gestures.gesture detection
+     * @param   {ionic.Gestures.Instance}   inst
+     * @param   {Object}            eventData
+     */
+    startDetect: function startDetect(inst, eventData) {
+      // already busy with a ionic.Gestures.gesture detection on an element
+      if(this.current) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this.stopped = false;
+
+      this.current = {
+        inst: inst, // reference to ionic.GesturesInstance we're working for
+        startEvent: ionic.Gestures.utils.extend({}, eventData), // start eventData for distances, timing etc
+        lastEvent: false, // last eventData
+        name: '' // current gesture we're in/detected, can be 'tap', 'hold' etc
+      };
+
+      this.detect(eventData);
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * ionic.Gestures.gesture detection
+     * @param   {Object}    eventData
+     */
+    detect: function detect(eventData) {
+      if(!this.current || this.stopped) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      // extend event data with calculations about scale, distance etc
+      eventData = this.extendEventData(eventData);
+
+      // instance options
+      var inst_options = this.current.inst.options;
+
+      // call ionic.Gestures.gesture handlers
+      for(var g = 0, len = this.gestures.length; g < len; g++) {
+        var gesture = this.gestures[g];
+
+        // only when the instance options have enabled this gesture
+        if(!this.stopped && inst_options[gesture.name] !== false) {
+          // if a handler returns false, we stop with the detection
+          if(gesture.handler.call(gesture, eventData, this.current.inst) === false) {
+            this.stopDetect();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // store as previous event event
+      if(this.current) {
+        this.current.lastEvent = eventData;
+      }
+
+      // endevent, but not the last touch, so dont stop
+      if(eventData.eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END && !eventData.touches.length - 1) {
+        this.stopDetect();
+      }
+
+      return eventData;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * clear the ionic.Gestures.gesture vars
+     * this is called on endDetect, but can also be used when a final ionic.Gestures.gesture has been detected
+     * to stop other ionic.Gestures.gestures from being fired
+     */
+    stopDetect: function stopDetect() {
+      // clone current data to the store as the previous gesture
+      // used for the double tap gesture, since this is an other gesture detect session
+      this.previous = ionic.Gestures.utils.extend({}, this.current);
+
+      // reset the current
+      this.current = null;
+
+      // stopped!
+      this.stopped = true;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * extend eventData for ionic.Gestures.gestures
+     * @param   {Object}   ev
+     * @returns {Object}   ev
+     */
+    extendEventData: function extendEventData(ev) {
+      var startEv = this.current.startEvent;
+
+      // if the touches change, set the new touches over the startEvent touches
+      // this because touchevents don't have all the touches on touchstart, or the
+      // user must place his fingers at the EXACT same time on the screen, which is not realistic
+      // but, sometimes it happens that both fingers are touching at the EXACT same time
+      if(startEv && (ev.touches.length != startEv.touches.length || ev.touches === startEv.touches)) {
+        // extend 1 level deep to get the touchlist with the touch objects
+        startEv.touches = [];
+        for(var i = 0, len = ev.touches.length; i < len; i++) {
+          startEv.touches.push(ionic.Gestures.utils.extend({}, ev.touches[i]));
+        }
+      }
+
+      var delta_time = ev.timeStamp - startEv.timeStamp,
+          delta_x = ev.center.pageX - startEv.center.pageX,
+          delta_y = ev.center.pageY - startEv.center.pageY,
+          velocity = ionic.Gestures.utils.getVelocity(delta_time, delta_x, delta_y);
+
+      ionic.Gestures.utils.extend(ev, {
+        deltaTime: delta_time,
+        deltaX: delta_x,
+        deltaY: delta_y,
+
+        velocityX: velocity.x,
+        velocityY: velocity.y,
+
+        distance: ionic.Gestures.utils.getDistance(startEv.center, ev.center),
+        angle: ionic.Gestures.utils.getAngle(startEv.center, ev.center),
+        direction: ionic.Gestures.utils.getDirection(startEv.center, ev.center),
+
+        scale: ionic.Gestures.utils.getScale(startEv.touches, ev.touches),
+        rotation: ionic.Gestures.utils.getRotation(startEv.touches, ev.touches),
+
+        startEvent: startEv
+      });
+
+      return ev;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * register new gesture
+     * @param   {Object}    gesture object, see gestures.js for documentation
+     * @returns {Array}     gestures
+     */
+    register: function register(gesture) {
+      // add an enable gesture options if there is no given
+      var options = gesture.defaults || {};
+      if(options[gesture.name] === undefined) {
+        options[gesture.name] = true;
+      }
+
+      // extend ionic.Gestures default options with the ionic.Gestures.gesture options
+      ionic.Gestures.utils.extend(ionic.Gestures.defaults, options, true);
+
+      // set its index
+      gesture.index = gesture.index || 1000;
+
+      // add ionic.Gestures.gesture to the list
+      this.gestures.push(gesture);
+
+      // sort the list by index
+      this.gestures.sort(function(a, b) {
+        if (a.index < b.index) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        if (a.index > b.index) {
+          return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+      });
+
+      return this.gestures;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures = ionic.Gestures.gestures || {};
+
+  /**
+   * Custom gestures
+   * ==============================
+   *
+   * Gesture object
+   * --------------------
+   * The object structure of a gesture:
+   *
+   * { name: 'mygesture',
+   *   index: 1337,
+   *   defaults: {
+   *     mygesture_option: true
+   *   }
+   *   handler: function(type, ev, inst) {
+   *     // trigger gesture event
+   *     inst.trigger(this.name, ev);
+   *   }
+   * }
+
+   * @param   {String}    name
+   * this should be the name of the gesture, lowercase
+   * it is also being used to disable/enable the gesture per instance config.
+   *
+   * @param   {Number}    [index=1000]
+   * the index of the gesture, where it is going to be in the stack of gestures detection
+   * like when you build an gesture that depends on the drag gesture, it is a good
+   * idea to place it after the index of the drag gesture.
+   *
+   * @param   {Object}    [defaults={}]
+   * the default settings of the gesture. these are added to the instance settings,
+   * and can be overruled per instance. you can also add the name of the gesture,
+   * but this is also added by default (and set to true).
+   *
+   * @param   {Function}  handler
+   * this handles the gesture detection of your custom gesture and receives the
+   * following arguments:
+   *
+   *      @param  {Object}    eventData
+   *      event data containing the following properties:
+   *          timeStamp   {Number}        time the event occurred
+   *          target      {HTMLElement}   target element
+   *          touches     {Array}         touches (fingers, pointers, mouse) on the screen
+   *          pointerType {String}        kind of pointer that was used. matches ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE|TOUCH
+   *          center      {Object}        center position of the touches. contains pageX and pageY
+   *          deltaTime   {Number}        the total time of the touches in the screen
+   *          deltaX      {Number}        the delta on x axis we haved moved
+   *          deltaY      {Number}        the delta on y axis we haved moved
+   *          velocityX   {Number}        the velocity on the x
+   *          velocityY   {Number}        the velocity on y
+   *          angle       {Number}        the angle we are moving
+   *          direction   {String}        the direction we are moving. matches ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_UP|DOWN|LEFT|RIGHT
+   *          distance    {Number}        the distance we haved moved
+   *          scale       {Number}        scaling of the touches, needs 2 touches
+   *          rotation    {Number}        rotation of the touches, needs 2 touches *
+   *          eventType   {String}        matches ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START|MOVE|END
+   *          srcEvent    {Object}        the source event, like TouchStart or MouseDown *
+   *          startEvent  {Object}        contains the same properties as above,
+   *                                      but from the first touch. this is used to calculate
+   *                                      distances, deltaTime, scaling etc
+   *
+   *      @param  {ionic.Gestures.Instance}    inst
+   *      the instance we are doing the detection for. you can get the options from
+   *      the inst.options object and trigger the gesture event by calling inst.trigger
+   *
+   *
+   * Handle gestures
+   * --------------------
+   * inside the handler you can get/set ionic.Gestures.detectionic.current. This is the current
+   * detection sessionic. It has the following properties
+   *      @param  {String}    name
+   *      contains the name of the gesture we have detected. it has not a real function,
+   *      only to check in other gestures if something is detected.
+   *      like in the drag gesture we set it to 'drag' and in the swipe gesture we can
+   *      check if the current gesture is 'drag' by accessing ionic.Gestures.detectionic.current.name
+   *
+   *      readonly
+   *      @param  {ionic.Gestures.Instance}    inst
+   *      the instance we do the detection for
+   *
+   *      readonly
+   *      @param  {Object}    startEvent
+   *      contains the properties of the first gesture detection in this sessionic.
+   *      Used for calculations about timing, distance, etc.
+   *
+   *      readonly
+   *      @param  {Object}    lastEvent
+   *      contains all the properties of the last gesture detect in this sessionic.
+   *
+   * after the gesture detection session has been completed (user has released the screen)
+   * the ionic.Gestures.detectionic.current object is copied into ionic.Gestures.detectionic.previous,
+   * this is usefull for gestures like doubletap, where you need to know if the
+   * previous gesture was a tap
+   *
+   * options that have been set by the instance can be received by calling inst.options
+   *
+   * You can trigger a gesture event by calling inst.trigger("mygesture", event).
+   * The first param is the name of your gesture, the second the event argument
+   *
+   *
+   * Register gestures
+   * --------------------
+   * When an gesture is added to the ionic.Gestures.gestures object, it is auto registered
+   * at the setup of the first ionic.Gestures instance. You can also call ionic.Gestures.detectionic.register
+   * manually and pass your gesture object as a param
+   *
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Hold
+   * Touch stays at the same place for x time
+   * events  hold
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Hold = {
+    name: 'hold',
+    index: 10,
+    defaults: {
+      hold_timeout: 500,
+      hold_threshold: 1
+    },
+    timer: null,
+    handler: function holdGesture(ev, inst) {
+      switch(ev.eventType) {
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START:
+          // clear any running timers
+          clearTimeout(this.timer);
+
+          // set the gesture so we can check in the timeout if it still is
+          ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name = this.name;
+
+          // set timer and if after the timeout it still is hold,
+          // we trigger the hold event
+          this.timer = setTimeout(function() {
+            if(ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name == 'hold') {
+              ionic.tap.cancelClick();
+              inst.trigger('hold', ev);
+            }
+          }, inst.options.hold_timeout);
+          break;
+
+          // when you move or end we clear the timer
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE:
+          if(ev.distance > inst.options.hold_threshold) {
+            clearTimeout(this.timer);
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END:
+          clearTimeout(this.timer);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Tap/DoubleTap
+   * Quick touch at a place or double at the same place
+   * events  tap, doubletap
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Tap = {
+    name: 'tap',
+    index: 100,
+    defaults: {
+      tap_max_touchtime: 250,
+      tap_max_distance: 10,
+      tap_always: true,
+      doubletap_distance: 20,
+      doubletap_interval: 300
+    },
+    handler: function tapGesture(ev, inst) {
+      if(ev.eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END && ev.srcEvent.type != 'touchcancel') {
+        // previous gesture, for the double tap since these are two different gesture detections
+        var prev = ionic.Gestures.detection.previous,
+        did_doubletap = false;
+
+        // when the touchtime is higher then the max touch time
+        // or when the moving distance is too much
+        if(ev.deltaTime > inst.options.tap_max_touchtime ||
+            ev.distance > inst.options.tap_max_distance) {
+              return;
+            }
+
+        // check if double tap
+        if(prev && prev.name == 'tap' &&
+            (ev.timeStamp - prev.lastEvent.timeStamp) < inst.options.doubletap_interval &&
+            ev.distance < inst.options.doubletap_distance) {
+              inst.trigger('doubletap', ev);
+              did_doubletap = true;
+            }
+
+        // do a single tap
+        if(!did_doubletap || inst.options.tap_always) {
+          ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name = 'tap';
+          inst.trigger('tap', ev);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Swipe
+   * triggers swipe events when the end velocity is above the threshold
+   * events  swipe, swipeleft, swiperight, swipeup, swipedown
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Swipe = {
+    name: 'swipe',
+    index: 40,
+    defaults: {
+      // set 0 for unlimited, but this can conflict with transform
+      swipe_max_touches: 1,
+      swipe_velocity: 0.4
+    },
+    handler: function swipeGesture(ev, inst) {
+      if(ev.eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END) {
+        // max touches
+        if(inst.options.swipe_max_touches > 0 &&
+            ev.touches.length > inst.options.swipe_max_touches) {
+              return;
+            }
+
+        // when the distance we moved is too small we skip this gesture
+        // or we can be already in dragging
+        if(ev.velocityX > inst.options.swipe_velocity ||
+            ev.velocityY > inst.options.swipe_velocity) {
+              // trigger swipe events
+              inst.trigger(this.name, ev);
+              inst.trigger(this.name + ev.direction, ev);
+            }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Drag
+   * Move with x fingers (default 1) around on the page. Blocking the scrolling when
+   * moving left and right is a good practice. When all the drag events are blocking
+   * you disable scrolling on that area.
+   * events  drag, drapleft, dragright, dragup, dragdown
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Drag = {
+    name: 'drag',
+    index: 50,
+    defaults: {
+      drag_min_distance: 10,
+      // Set correct_for_drag_min_distance to true to make the starting point of the drag
+      // be calculated from where the drag was triggered, not from where the touch started.
+      // Useful to avoid a jerk-starting drag, which can make fine-adjustments
+      // through dragging difficult, and be visually unappealing.
+      correct_for_drag_min_distance: true,
+      // set 0 for unlimited, but this can conflict with transform
+      drag_max_touches: 1,
+      // prevent default browser behavior when dragging occurs
+      // be careful with it, it makes the element a blocking element
+      // when you are using the drag gesture, it is a good practice to set this true
+      drag_block_horizontal: true,
+      drag_block_vertical: true,
+      // drag_lock_to_axis keeps the drag gesture on the axis that it started on,
+      // It disallows vertical directions if the initial direction was horizontal, and vice versa.
+      drag_lock_to_axis: false,
+      // drag lock only kicks in when distance > drag_lock_min_distance
+      // This way, locking occurs only when the distance has become large enough to reliably determine the direction
+      drag_lock_min_distance: 25,
+      // prevent default if the gesture is going the given direction
+      prevent_default_directions: []
+    },
+    triggered: false,
+    handler: function dragGesture(ev, inst) {
+      if (ev.srcEvent.type == 'touchstart' || ev.srcEvent.type == 'touchend') {
+        this.preventedFirstMove = false;
+
+      } else if (!this.preventedFirstMove && ev.srcEvent.type == 'touchmove') {
+        if (inst.options.prevent_default_directions.indexOf(ev.direction) != -1) {
+          ev.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+        }
+        this.preventedFirstMove = true;
+      }
+
+      // current gesture isnt drag, but dragged is true
+      // this means an other gesture is busy. now call dragend
+      if(ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name != this.name && this.triggered) {
+        inst.trigger(this.name + 'end', ev);
+        this.triggered = false;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // max touches
+      if(inst.options.drag_max_touches > 0 &&
+          ev.touches.length > inst.options.drag_max_touches) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+      switch(ev.eventType) {
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START:
+          this.triggered = false;
+          break;
+
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE:
+          // when the distance we moved is too small we skip this gesture
+          // or we can be already in dragging
+          if(ev.distance < inst.options.drag_min_distance &&
+              ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name != this.name) {
+                return;
+              }
+
+          // we are dragging!
+          if(ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name != this.name) {
+            ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name = this.name;
+            if (inst.options.correct_for_drag_min_distance) {
+              // When a drag is triggered, set the event center to drag_min_distance pixels from the original event center.
+              // Without this correction, the dragged distance would jumpstart at drag_min_distance pixels instead of at 0.
+              // It might be useful to save the original start point somewhere
+              var factor = Math.abs(inst.options.drag_min_distance / ev.distance);
+              ionic.Gestures.detection.current.startEvent.center.pageX += ev.deltaX * factor;
+              ionic.Gestures.detection.current.startEvent.center.pageY += ev.deltaY * factor;
+
+              // recalculate event data using new start point
+              ev = ionic.Gestures.detection.extendEventData(ev);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // lock drag to axis?
+          if(ionic.Gestures.detection.current.lastEvent.drag_locked_to_axis || (inst.options.drag_lock_to_axis && inst.options.drag_lock_min_distance <= ev.distance)) {
+            ev.drag_locked_to_axis = true;
+          }
+          var last_direction = ionic.Gestures.detection.current.lastEvent.direction;
+          if(ev.drag_locked_to_axis && last_direction !== ev.direction) {
+            // keep direction on the axis that the drag gesture started on
+            if(ionic.Gestures.utils.isVertical(last_direction)) {
+              ev.direction = (ev.deltaY < 0) ? ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_UP : ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_DOWN;
+            }
+            else {
+              ev.direction = (ev.deltaX < 0) ? ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_LEFT : ionic.Gestures.DIRECTION_RIGHT;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // first time, trigger dragstart event
+          if(!this.triggered) {
+            inst.trigger(this.name + 'start', ev);
+            this.triggered = true;
+          }
+
+          // trigger normal event
+          inst.trigger(this.name, ev);
+
+          // direction event, like dragdown
+          inst.trigger(this.name + ev.direction, ev);
+
+          // block the browser events
+          if( (inst.options.drag_block_vertical && ionic.Gestures.utils.isVertical(ev.direction)) ||
+              (inst.options.drag_block_horizontal && !ionic.Gestures.utils.isVertical(ev.direction))) {
+                ev.preventDefault();
+              }
+          break;
+
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END:
+          // trigger dragend
+          if(this.triggered) {
+            inst.trigger(this.name + 'end', ev);
+          }
+
+          this.triggered = false;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Transform
+   * User want to scale or rotate with 2 fingers
+   * events  transform, pinch, pinchin, pinchout, rotate
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Transform = {
+    name: 'transform',
+    index: 45,
+    defaults: {
+      // factor, no scale is 1, zoomin is to 0 and zoomout until higher then 1
+      transform_min_scale: 0.01,
+      // rotation in degrees
+      transform_min_rotation: 1,
+      // prevent default browser behavior when two touches are on the screen
+      // but it makes the element a blocking element
+      // when you are using the transform gesture, it is a good practice to set this true
+      transform_always_block: false
+    },
+    triggered: false,
+    handler: function transformGesture(ev, inst) {
+      // current gesture isnt drag, but dragged is true
+      // this means an other gesture is busy. now call dragend
+      if(ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name != this.name && this.triggered) {
+        inst.trigger(this.name + 'end', ev);
+        this.triggered = false;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // atleast multitouch
+      if(ev.touches.length < 2) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // prevent default when two fingers are on the screen
+      if(inst.options.transform_always_block) {
+        ev.preventDefault();
+      }
+
+      switch(ev.eventType) {
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START:
+          this.triggered = false;
+          break;
+
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_MOVE:
+          var scale_threshold = Math.abs(1 - ev.scale);
+          var rotation_threshold = Math.abs(ev.rotation);
+
+          // when the distance we moved is too small we skip this gesture
+          // or we can be already in dragging
+          if(scale_threshold < inst.options.transform_min_scale &&
+              rotation_threshold < inst.options.transform_min_rotation) {
+                return;
+              }
+
+          // we are transforming!
+          ionic.Gestures.detection.current.name = this.name;
+
+          // first time, trigger dragstart event
+          if(!this.triggered) {
+            inst.trigger(this.name + 'start', ev);
+            this.triggered = true;
+          }
+
+          inst.trigger(this.name, ev); // basic transform event
+
+          // trigger rotate event
+          if(rotation_threshold > inst.options.transform_min_rotation) {
+            inst.trigger('rotate', ev);
+          }
+
+          // trigger pinch event
+          if(scale_threshold > inst.options.transform_min_scale) {
+            inst.trigger('pinch', ev);
+            inst.trigger('pinch' + ((ev.scale < 1) ? 'in' : 'out'), ev);
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END:
+          // trigger dragend
+          if(this.triggered) {
+            inst.trigger(this.name + 'end', ev);
+          }
+
+          this.triggered = false;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Touch
+   * Called as first, tells the user has touched the screen
+   * events  touch
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Touch = {
+    name: 'touch',
+    index: -Infinity,
+    defaults: {
+      // call preventDefault at touchstart, and makes the element blocking by
+      // disabling the scrolling of the page, but it improves gestures like
+      // transforming and dragging.
+      // be careful with using this, it can be very annoying for users to be stuck
+      // on the page
+      prevent_default: false,
+
+      // disable mouse events, so only touch (or pen!) input triggers events
+      prevent_mouseevents: false
+    },
+    handler: function touchGesture(ev, inst) {
+      if(inst.options.prevent_mouseevents && ev.pointerType == ionic.Gestures.POINTER_MOUSE) {
+        ev.stopDetect();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if(inst.options.prevent_default) {
+        ev.preventDefault();
+      }
+
+      if(ev.eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_START) {
+        inst.trigger(this.name, ev);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * Release
+   * Called as last, tells the user has released the screen
+   * events  release
+   */
+  ionic.Gestures.gestures.Release = {
+    name: 'release',
+    index: Infinity,
+    handler: function releaseGesture(ev, inst) {
+      if(ev.eventType == ionic.Gestures.EVENT_END) {
+        inst.trigger(this.name, ev);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+})(window.ionic);
+
+(function(window, document, ionic) {
+
+  function getParameterByName(name) {
+    name = name.replace(/[\[]/, "\\[").replace(/[\]]/, "\\]");
+    var regex = new RegExp("[\\?&]" + name + "=([^&#]*)"),
+    results = regex.exec(location.search);
+    return results === null ? "" : decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\+/g, " "));
+  }
+
+  var IOS = 'ios';
+  var ANDROID = 'android';
+  var WINDOWS_PHONE = 'windowsphone';
+  var requestAnimationFrame = ionic.requestAnimationFrame;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc utility
+   * @name ionic.Platform
+   * @module ionic
+   * @description
+   * A set of utility methods that can be used to retrieve the device ready state and
+   * various other information such as what kind of platform the app is currently installed on.
+   *
+   * @usage
+   * ```js
+   * angular.module('PlatformApp', ['ionic'])
+   * .controller('PlatformCtrl', function($scope) {
+   *
+   *   ionic.Platform.ready(function(){
+   *     // will execute when device is ready, or immediately if the device is already ready.
+   *   });
+   *
+   *   var deviceInformation = ionic.Platform.device();
+   *
+   *   var isWebView = ionic.Platform.isWebView();
+   *   var isIPad = ionic.Platform.isIPad();
+   *   var isIOS = ionic.Platform.isIOS();
+   *   var isAndroid = ionic.Platform.isAndroid();
+   *   var isWindowsPhone = ionic.Platform.isWindowsPhone();
+   *
+   *   var currentPlatform = ionic.Platform.platform();
+   *   var currentPlatformVersion = ionic.Platform.version();
+   *
+   *   ionic.Platform.exitApp(); // stops the app
+   * });
+   * ```
+   */
+  var self = ionic.Platform = {
+
+    // Put navigator on platform so it can be mocked and set
+    // the browser does not allow window.navigator to be set
+    navigator: window.navigator,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isReady
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether the device is ready.
+     */
+    isReady: false,
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isFullScreen
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether the device is fullscreen.
+     */
+    isFullScreen: false,
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name ionic.Platform#platforms
+     * @returns {Array(string)} An array of all platforms found.
+     */
+    platforms: null,
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name ionic.Platform#grade
+     * @returns {string} What grade the current platform is.
+     */
+    grade: null,
+    ua: navigator.userAgent,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#ready
+     * @description
+     * Trigger a callback once the device is ready, or immediately
+     * if the device is already ready. This method can be run from
+     * anywhere and does not need to be wrapped by any additonal methods.
+     * When the app is within a WebView (Cordova), it'll fire
+     * the callback once the device is ready. If the app is within
+     * a web browser, it'll fire the callback after `window.load`.
+     * Please remember that Cordova features (Camera, FileSystem, etc) still
+     * will not work in a web browser.
+     * @param {function} callback The function to call.
+     */
+    ready: function(cb) {
+      // run through tasks to complete now that the device is ready
+      if (self.isReady) {
+        cb();
+      } else {
+        // the platform isn't ready yet, add it to this array
+        // which will be called once the platform is ready
+        readyCallbacks.push(cb);
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    detect: function() {
+      self._checkPlatforms();
+
+      requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+        // only add to the body class if we got platform info
+        for (var i = 0; i < self.platforms.length; i++) {
+          document.body.classList.add('platform-' + self.platforms[i]);
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#setGrade
+     * @description Set the grade of the device: 'a', 'b', or 'c'. 'a' is the best
+     * (most css features enabled), 'c' is the worst.  By default, sets the grade
+     * depending on the current device.
+     * @param {string} grade The new grade to set.
+     */
+    setGrade: function(grade) {
+      var oldGrade = self.grade;
+      self.grade = grade;
+      requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+        if (oldGrade) {
+          document.body.classList.remove('grade-' + oldGrade);
+        }
+        document.body.classList.add('grade-' + grade);
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#device
+     * @description Return the current device (given by cordova).
+     * @returns {object} The device object.
+     */
+    device: function() {
+      return window.device || {};
+    },
+
+    _checkPlatforms: function() {
+      self.platforms = [];
+      var grade = 'a';
+
+      if (self.isWebView()) {
+        self.platforms.push('webview');
+        if (!(!window.cordova && !window.PhoneGap && !window.phonegap)) {
+          self.platforms.push('cordova');
+        } else if (window.forge) {
+          self.platforms.push('trigger');
+        }
+      } else {
+        self.platforms.push('browser');
+      }
+      if (self.isIPad()) self.platforms.push('ipad');
+
+      var platform = self.platform();
+      if (platform) {
+        self.platforms.push(platform);
+
+        var version = self.version();
+        if (version) {
+          var v = version.toString();
+          if (v.indexOf('.') > 0) {
+            v = v.replace('.', '_');
+          } else {
+            v += '_0';
+          }
+          self.platforms.push(platform + v.split('_')[0]);
+          self.platforms.push(platform + v);
+
+          if (self.isAndroid() && version < 4.4) {
+            grade = (version < 4 ? 'c' : 'b');
+          } else if (self.isWindowsPhone()) {
+            grade = 'b';
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      self.setGrade(grade);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isWebView
+     * @returns {boolean} Check if we are running within a WebView (such as Cordova).
+     */
+    isWebView: function() {
+      return !(!window.cordova && !window.PhoneGap && !window.phonegap && !window.forge);
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isIPad
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether we are running on iPad.
+     */
+    isIPad: function() {
+      if (/iPad/i.test(self.navigator.platform)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return /iPad/i.test(self.ua);
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isIOS
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether we are running on iOS.
+     */
+    isIOS: function() {
+      return self.is(IOS);
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isAndroid
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether we are running on Android.
+     */
+    isAndroid: function() {
+      return self.is(ANDROID);
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#isWindowsPhone
+     * @returns {boolean} Whether we are running on Windows Phone.
+     */
+    isWindowsPhone: function() {
+      return self.is(WINDOWS_PHONE);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#platform
+     * @returns {string} The name of the current platform.
+     */
+    platform: function() {
+      // singleton to get the platform name
+      if (platformName === null) self.setPlatform(self.device().platform);
+      return platformName;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    setPlatform: function(n) {
+      if (typeof n != 'undefined' && n !== null && n.length) {
+        platformName = n.toLowerCase();
+      } else if (getParameterByName('ionicplatform')) {
+        platformName = getParameterByName('ionicplatform');
+      } else if (self.ua.indexOf('Android') > 0) {
+        platformName = ANDROID;
+      } else if (/iPhone|iPad|iPod/.test(self.ua)) {
+        platformName = IOS;
+      } else if (self.ua.indexOf('Windows Phone') > -1) {
+        platformName = WINDOWS_PHONE;
+      } else {
+        platformName = self.navigator.platform && navigator.platform.toLowerCase().split(' ')[0] || '';
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#version
+     * @returns {number} The version of the current device platform.
+     */
+    version: function() {
+      // singleton to get the platform version
+      if (platformVersion === null) self.setVersion(self.device().version);
+      return platformVersion;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    setVersion: function(v) {
+      if (typeof v != 'undefined' && v !== null) {
+        v = v.split('.');
+        v = parseFloat(v[0] + '.' + (v.length > 1 ? v[1] : 0));
+        if (!isNaN(v)) {
+          platformVersion = v;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      platformVersion = 0;
+
+      // fallback to user-agent checking
+      var pName = self.platform();
+      var versionMatch = {
+        'android': /Android (\d+).(\d+)?/,
+        'ios': /OS (\d+)_(\d+)?/,
+        'windowsphone': /Windows Phone (\d+).(\d+)?/
+      };
+      if (versionMatch[pName]) {
+        v = self.ua.match(versionMatch[pName]);
+        if (v && v.length > 2) {
+          platformVersion = parseFloat(v[1] + '.' + v[2]);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Check if the platform is the one detected by cordova
+    is: function(type) {
+      type = type.toLowerCase();
+      // check if it has an array of platforms
+      if (self.platforms) {
+        for (var x = 0; x < self.platforms.length; x++) {
+          if (self.platforms[x] === type) return true;
+        }
+      }
+      // exact match
+      var pName = self.platform();
+      if (pName) {
+        return pName === type.toLowerCase();
+      }
+
+      // A quick hack for to check userAgent
+      return self.ua.toLowerCase().indexOf(type) >= 0;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#exitApp
+     * @description Exit the app.
+     */
+    exitApp: function() {
+      self.ready(function() {
+        navigator.app && navigator.app.exitApp && navigator.app.exitApp();
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#showStatusBar
+     * @description Shows or hides the device status bar (in Cordova). Requires `cordova plugin add org.apache.cordova.statusbar`
+     * @param {boolean} shouldShow Whether or not to show the status bar.
+     */
+    showStatusBar: function(val) {
+      // Only useful when run within cordova
+      self._showStatusBar = val;
+      self.ready(function() {
+        // run this only when or if the platform (cordova) is ready
+        requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+          if (self._showStatusBar) {
+            // they do not want it to be full screen
+            window.StatusBar && window.StatusBar.show();
+            document.body.classList.remove('status-bar-hide');
+          } else {
+            // it should be full screen
+            window.StatusBar && window.StatusBar.hide();
+            document.body.classList.add('status-bar-hide');
+          }
+        });
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionic.Platform#fullScreen
+     * @description
+     * Sets whether the app is fullscreen or not (in Cordova).
+     * @param {boolean=} showFullScreen Whether or not to set the app to fullscreen. Defaults to true. Requires `cordova plugin add org.apache.cordova.statusbar`
+     * @param {boolean=} showStatusBar Whether or not to show the device's status bar. Defaults to false.
+     */
+    fullScreen: function(showFullScreen, showStatusBar) {
+      // showFullScreen: default is true if no param provided
+      self.isFullScreen = (showFullScreen !== false);
+
+      // add/remove the fullscreen classname to the body
+      ionic.DomUtil.ready(function() {
+        // run this only when or if the DOM is ready
+        requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+          if (self.isFullScreen) {
+            document.body.classList.add('fullscreen');
+          } else {
+            document.body.classList.remove('fullscreen');
+          }
+        });
+        // showStatusBar: default is false if no param provided
+        self.showStatusBar((showStatusBar === true));
+      });
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  var platformName = null, // just the name, like iOS or Android
+  platformVersion = null, // a float of the major and minor, like 7.1
+  readyCallbacks = [],
+  windowLoadListenderAttached;
+
+  // setup listeners to know when the device is ready to go
+  function onWindowLoad() {
+    if (self.isWebView()) {
+      // the window and scripts are fully loaded, and a cordova/phonegap
+      // object exists then let's listen for the deviceready
+      document.addEventListener("deviceready", onPlatformReady, false);
+    } else {
+      // the window and scripts are fully loaded, but the window object doesn't have the
+      // cordova/phonegap object, so its just a browser, not a webview wrapped w/ cordova
+      onPlatformReady();
+    }
+    if (windowLoadListenderAttached) {
+      window.removeEventListener("load", onWindowLoad, false);
+    }
+  }
+  if (document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    onWindowLoad();
+  } else {
+    windowLoadListenderAttached = true;
+    window.addEventListener("load", onWindowLoad, false);
+  }
+
+  function onPlatformReady() {
+    // the device is all set to go, init our own stuff then fire off our event
+    self.isReady = true;
+    self.detect();
+    for (var x = 0; x < readyCallbacks.length; x++) {
+      // fire off all the callbacks that were added before the platform was ready
+      readyCallbacks[x]();
+    }
+    readyCallbacks = [];
+    ionic.trigger('platformready', { target: document });
+
+    requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      document.body.classList.add('platform-ready');
+    });
+  }
+
+})(this, document, ionic);
+
+(function(document, ionic) {
+  'use strict';
+
+  // Ionic CSS polyfills
+  ionic.CSS = {};
+
+  (function() {
+
+    // transform
+    var i, keys = ['webkitTransform', 'transform', '-webkit-transform', 'webkit-transform',
+                   '-moz-transform', 'moz-transform', 'MozTransform', 'mozTransform', 'msTransform'];
+
+    for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      if (document.documentElement.style[keys[i]] !== undefined) {
+        ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM = keys[i];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // transition
+    keys = ['webkitTransition', 'mozTransition', 'msTransition', 'transition'];
+    for (i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+      if (document.documentElement.style[keys[i]] !== undefined) {
+        ionic.CSS.TRANSITION = keys[i];
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The only prefix we care about is webkit for transitions.
+    var isWebkit = ionic.CSS.TRANSITION.indexOf('webkit') > -1;
+
+    // transition duration
+    ionic.CSS.TRANSITION_DURATION = (isWebkit ? '-webkit-' : '') + 'transition-duration';
+
+    // To be sure transitionend works everywhere, include *both* the webkit and non-webkit events
+    ionic.CSS.TRANSITIONEND = (isWebkit ? 'webkitTransitionEnd ' : '') + 'transitionend';
+  })();
+
+  // classList polyfill for them older Androids
+  // https://gist.github.com/devongovett/1381839
+  if (!("classList" in document.documentElement) && Object.defineProperty && typeof HTMLElement !== 'undefined') {
+    Object.defineProperty(HTMLElement.prototype, 'classList', {
+      get: function() {
+        var self = this;
+        function update(fn) {
+          return function() {
+            var x, classes = self.className.split(/\s+/);
+
+            for (x = 0; x < arguments.length; x++) {
+              fn(classes, classes.indexOf(arguments[x]), arguments[x]);
+            }
+
+            self.className = classes.join(" ");
+          };
+        }
+
+        return {
+          add: update(function(classes, index, value) {
+            ~index || classes.push(value);
+          }),
+
+          remove: update(function(classes, index) {
+            ~index && classes.splice(index, 1);
+          }),
+
+          toggle: update(function(classes, index, value) {
+            ~index ? classes.splice(index, 1) : classes.push(value);
+          }),
+
+          contains: function(value) {
+            return !!~self.className.split(/\s+/).indexOf(value);
+          },
+
+          item: function(i) {
+            return self.className.split(/\s+/)[i] || null;
+          }
+        };
+
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+})(document, ionic);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc page
+ * @name tap
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * On touch devices such as a phone or tablet, some browsers implement a 300ms delay between
+ * the time the user stops touching the display and the moment the browser executes the
+ * click. This delay was initially introduced so the browser can know whether the user wants to
+ * double-tap to zoom in on the webpage.  Basically, the browser waits roughly 300ms to see if
+ * the user is double-tapping, or just tapping on the display once.
+ *
+ * Out of the box, Ionic automatically removes the 300ms delay in order to make Ionic apps
+ * feel more "native" like. Resultingly, other solutions such as
+ * [fastclick](https://github.com/ftlabs/fastclick) and Angular's
+ * [ngTouch](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ngTouch) should not be included, to avoid conflicts.
+ *
+ * Some browsers already remove the delay with certain settings, such as the CSS property
+ * `touch-events: none` or with specific meta tag viewport values. However, each of these
+ * browsers still handle clicks differently, such as when to fire off or cancel the event
+ * (like scrolling when the target is a button, or holding a button down).
+ * For browsers that already remove the 300ms delay, consider Ionic's tap system as a way to
+ * normalize how clicks are handled across the various devices so there's an expected response
+ * no matter what the device, platform or version. Additionally, Ionic will prevent
+ * ghostclicks which even browsers that remove the delay still experience.
+ *
+ * In some cases, third-party libraries may also be working with touch events which can interfere
+ * with the tap system. For example, mapping libraries like Google or Leaflet Maps often implement
+ * a touch detection system which conflicts with Ionic's tap system.
+ *
+ * ### Disabling the tap system
+ *
+ * To disable the tap for an element and all of its children elements,
+ * add the attribute `data-tap-disabled="true"`.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div data-tap-disabled="true">
+ *     <div id="google-map"></div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Additional Notes:
+ *
+ * - Ionic tap  works with Ionic's JavaScript scrolling
+ * - Elements can come and go from the DOM and Ionic tap doesn't keep adding and removing
+ *   listeners
+ * - No "tap delay" after the first "tap" (you can tap as fast as you want, they all click)
+ * - Minimal events listeners, only being added to document
+ * - Correct focus in/out on each input type (select, textearea, range) on each platform/device
+ * - Shows and hides virtual keyboard correctly for each platform/device
+ * - Works with labels surrounding inputs
+ * - Does not fire off a click if the user moves the pointer too far
+ * - Adds and removes an 'activated' css class
+ * - Multiple [unit tests](https://github.com/driftyco/ionic/blob/master/test/unit/utils/tap.unit.js) for each scenario
+ *
+ */
+/*
+
+ IONIC TAP
+ ---------------
+ - Both touch and mouse events are added to the document.body on DOM ready
+ - If a touch event happens, it does not use mouse event listeners
+ - On touchend, if the distance between start and end was small, trigger a click
+ - In the triggered click event, add a 'isIonicTap' property
+ - The triggered click receives the same x,y coordinates as as the end event
+ - On document.body click listener (with useCapture=true), only allow clicks with 'isIonicTap'
+ - Triggering clicks with mouse events work the same as touch, except with mousedown/mouseup
+ - Tapping inputs is disabled during scrolling
+*/
+
+var tapDoc; // the element which the listeners are on (document.body)
+var tapActiveEle; // the element which is active (probably has focus)
+var tapEnabledTouchEvents;
+var tapMouseResetTimer;
+var tapPointerMoved;
+var tapPointerStart;
+var tapTouchFocusedInput;
+var tapLastTouchTarget;
+var tapTouchMoveListener = 'touchmove';
+
+// how much the coordinates can be off between start/end, but still a click
+var TAP_RELEASE_TOLERANCE = 12; // default tolerance
+var TAP_RELEASE_BUTTON_TOLERANCE = 50; // button elements should have a larger tolerance
+
+var tapEventListeners = {
+  'click': tapClickGateKeeper,
+
+  'mousedown': tapMouseDown,
+  'mouseup': tapMouseUp,
+  'mousemove': tapMouseMove,
+
+  'touchstart': tapTouchStart,
+  'touchend': tapTouchEnd,
+  'touchcancel': tapTouchCancel,
+  'touchmove': tapTouchMove,
+
+  'pointerdown': tapTouchStart,
+  'pointerup': tapTouchEnd,
+  'pointercancel': tapTouchCancel,
+  'pointermove': tapTouchMove,
+
+  'MSPointerDown': tapTouchStart,
+  'MSPointerUp': tapTouchEnd,
+  'MSPointerCancel': tapTouchCancel,
+  'MSPointerMove': tapTouchMove,
+
+  'focusin': tapFocusIn,
+  'focusout': tapFocusOut
+};
+
+ionic.tap = {
+
+  register: function(ele) {
+    tapDoc = ele;
+
+    tapEventListener('click', true, true);
+    tapEventListener('mouseup');
+    tapEventListener('mousedown');
+
+    if (window.navigator.pointerEnabled) {
+      tapEventListener('pointerdown');
+      tapEventListener('pointerup');
+      tapEventListener('pointcancel');
+      tapTouchMoveListener = 'pointermove';
+
+    } else if (window.navigator.msPointerEnabled) {
+      tapEventListener('MSPointerDown');
+      tapEventListener('MSPointerUp');
+      tapEventListener('MSPointerCancel');
+      tapTouchMoveListener = 'MSPointerMove';
+
+    } else {
+      tapEventListener('touchstart');
+      tapEventListener('touchend');
+      tapEventListener('touchcancel');
+    }
+
+    tapEventListener('focusin');
+    tapEventListener('focusout');
+
+    return function() {
+      for (var type in tapEventListeners) {
+        tapEventListener(type, false);
+      }
+      tapDoc = null;
+      tapActiveEle = null;
+      tapEnabledTouchEvents = false;
+      tapPointerMoved = false;
+      tapPointerStart = null;
+    };
+  },
+
+  ignoreScrollStart: function(e) {
+    return (e.defaultPrevented) ||  // defaultPrevented has been assigned by another component handling the event
+           (/^(file|range)$/i).test(e.target.type) ||
+           (e.target.dataset ? e.target.dataset.preventScroll : e.target.getAttribute('data-prevent-scroll')) == 'true' || // manually set within an elements attributes
+           (!!(/^(object|embed)$/i).test(e.target.tagName)) ||  // flash/movie/object touches should not try to scroll
+           ionic.tap.isElementTapDisabled(e.target); // check if this element, or an ancestor, has `data-tap-disabled` attribute
+  },
+
+  isTextInput: function(ele) {
+    return !!ele &&
+           (ele.tagName == 'TEXTAREA' ||
+            ele.contentEditable === 'true' ||
+            (ele.tagName == 'INPUT' && !(/^(radio|checkbox|range|file|submit|reset|color|image|button)$/i).test(ele.type)));
+  },
+
+  isDateInput: function(ele) {
+    return !!ele &&
+            (ele.tagName == 'INPUT' && (/^(date|time|datetime-local|month|week)$/i).test(ele.type));
+  },
+
+  isKeyboardElement: function(ele) {
+    if ( !ionic.Platform.isIOS() || ionic.Platform.isIPad() ) {
+      return ionic.tap.isTextInput(ele) && !ionic.tap.isDateInput(ele);
+    } else {
+      return ionic.tap.isTextInput(ele) || ( !!ele && ele.tagName == "SELECT");
+    }
+  },
+
+  isLabelWithTextInput: function(ele) {
+    var container = tapContainingElement(ele, false);
+
+    return !!container &&
+           ionic.tap.isTextInput(tapTargetElement(container));
+  },
+
+  containsOrIsTextInput: function(ele) {
+    return ionic.tap.isTextInput(ele) || ionic.tap.isLabelWithTextInput(ele);
+  },
+
+  cloneFocusedInput: function(container) {
+    if (ionic.tap.hasCheckedClone) return;
+    ionic.tap.hasCheckedClone = true;
+
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      var focusInput = container.querySelector(':focus');
+      if (ionic.tap.isTextInput(focusInput)) {
+        var clonedInput = focusInput.cloneNode(true);
+
+        clonedInput.value = focusInput.value;
+        clonedInput.classList.add('cloned-text-input');
+        clonedInput.readOnly = true;
+        if (focusInput.isContentEditable) {
+          clonedInput.contentEditable = focusInput.contentEditable;
+          clonedInput.innerHTML = focusInput.innerHTML;
+        }
+        focusInput.parentElement.insertBefore(clonedInput, focusInput);
+        focusInput.classList.add('previous-input-focus');
+
+        clonedInput.scrollTop = focusInput.scrollTop;
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  hasCheckedClone: false,
+
+  removeClonedInputs: function(container) {
+    ionic.tap.hasCheckedClone = false;
+
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      var clonedInputs = container.querySelectorAll('.cloned-text-input');
+      var previousInputFocus = container.querySelectorAll('.previous-input-focus');
+      var x;
+
+      for (x = 0; x < clonedInputs.length; x++) {
+        clonedInputs[x].parentElement.removeChild(clonedInputs[x]);
+      }
+
+      for (x = 0; x < previousInputFocus.length; x++) {
+        previousInputFocus[x].classList.remove('previous-input-focus');
+        previousInputFocus[x].style.top = '';
+        if ( ionic.keyboard.isOpen && !ionic.keyboard.isClosing ) previousInputFocus[x].focus();
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  requiresNativeClick: function(ele) {
+    if (!ele || ele.disabled || (/^(file|range)$/i).test(ele.type) || (/^(object|video)$/i).test(ele.tagName) || ionic.tap.isLabelContainingFileInput(ele)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return ionic.tap.isElementTapDisabled(ele);
+  },
+
+  isLabelContainingFileInput: function(ele) {
+    var lbl = tapContainingElement(ele);
+    if (lbl.tagName !== 'LABEL') return false;
+    var fileInput = lbl.querySelector('input[type=file]');
+    if (fileInput && fileInput.disabled === false) return true;
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  isElementTapDisabled: function(ele) {
+    if (ele && ele.nodeType === 1) {
+      var element = ele;
+      while (element) {
+        if ((element.dataset ? element.dataset.tapDisabled : element.getAttribute('data-tap-disabled')) == 'true') {
+          return true;
+        }
+        element = element.parentElement;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  setTolerance: function(releaseTolerance, releaseButtonTolerance) {
+    TAP_RELEASE_TOLERANCE = releaseTolerance;
+    TAP_RELEASE_BUTTON_TOLERANCE = releaseButtonTolerance;
+  },
+
+  cancelClick: function() {
+    // used to cancel any simulated clicks which may happen on a touchend/mouseup
+    // gestures uses this method within its tap and hold events
+    tapPointerMoved = true;
+  },
+
+  pointerCoord: function(event) {
+    // This method can get coordinates for both a mouse click
+    // or a touch depending on the given event
+    var c = { x: 0, y: 0 };
+    if (event) {
+      var touches = event.touches && event.touches.length ? event.touches : [event];
+      var e = (event.changedTouches && event.changedTouches[0]) || touches[0];
+      if (e) {
+        c.x = e.clientX || e.pageX || 0;
+        c.y = e.clientY || e.pageY || 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return c;
+  }
+
+};
+
+function tapEventListener(type, enable, useCapture) {
+  if (enable !== false) {
+    tapDoc.addEventListener(type, tapEventListeners[type], useCapture);
+  } else {
+    tapDoc.removeEventListener(type, tapEventListeners[type]);
+  }
+}
+
+function tapClick(e) {
+  // simulate a normal click by running the element's click method then focus on it
+  var container = tapContainingElement(e.target);
+  var ele = tapTargetElement(container);
+
+  if (ionic.tap.requiresNativeClick(ele) || tapPointerMoved) return false;
+
+  var c = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(e);
+
+  //console.log('tapClick', e.type, ele.tagName, '('+c.x+','+c.y+')');
+  triggerMouseEvent('click', ele, c.x, c.y);
+
+  // if it's an input, focus in on the target, otherwise blur
+  tapHandleFocus(ele);
+}
+
+function triggerMouseEvent(type, ele, x, y) {
+  // using initMouseEvent instead of MouseEvent for our Android friends
+  var clickEvent = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
+  clickEvent.initMouseEvent(type, true, true, window, 1, 0, 0, x, y, false, false, false, false, 0, null);
+  clickEvent.isIonicTap = true;
+  ele.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);
+}
+
+function tapClickGateKeeper(e) {
+  //console.log('click ' + Date.now() + ' isIonicTap: ' + (e.isIonicTap ? true : false));
+  if (e.target.type == 'submit' && e.detail === 0) {
+    // do not prevent click if it came from an "Enter" or "Go" keypress submit
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // do not allow through any click events that were not created by ionic.tap
+  if ((ionic.scroll.isScrolling && ionic.tap.containsOrIsTextInput(e.target)) ||
+      (!e.isIonicTap && !ionic.tap.requiresNativeClick(e.target))) {
+    //console.log('clickPrevent', e.target.tagName);
+    e.stopPropagation();
+
+    if (!ionic.tap.isLabelWithTextInput(e.target)) {
+      // labels clicks from native should not preventDefault othersize keyboard will not show on input focus
+      e.preventDefault();
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// MOUSE
+function tapMouseDown(e) {
+  //console.log('mousedown ' + Date.now());
+  if (e.isIonicTap || tapIgnoreEvent(e)) return null;
+
+  if (tapEnabledTouchEvents) {
+    void 0;
+    e.stopPropagation();
+
+    if ((!ionic.tap.isTextInput(e.target) || tapLastTouchTarget !== e.target) && !(/^(select|option)$/i).test(e.target.tagName)) {
+      // If you preventDefault on a text input then you cannot move its text caret/cursor.
+      // Allow through only the text input default. However, without preventDefault on an
+      // input the 300ms delay can change focus on inputs after the keyboard shows up.
+      // The focusin event handles the chance of focus changing after the keyboard shows.
+      e.preventDefault();
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  tapPointerMoved = false;
+  tapPointerStart = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(e);
+
+  tapEventListener('mousemove');
+  ionic.activator.start(e);
+}
+
+function tapMouseUp(e) {
+  //console.log("mouseup " + Date.now());
+  if (tapEnabledTouchEvents) {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+    e.preventDefault();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (tapIgnoreEvent(e) || (/^(select|option)$/i).test(e.target.tagName)) return false;
+
+  if (!tapHasPointerMoved(e)) {
+    tapClick(e);
+  }
+  tapEventListener('mousemove', false);
+  ionic.activator.end();
+  tapPointerMoved = false;
+}
+
+function tapMouseMove(e) {
+  if (tapHasPointerMoved(e)) {
+    tapEventListener('mousemove', false);
+    ionic.activator.end();
+    tapPointerMoved = true;
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// TOUCH
+function tapTouchStart(e) {
+  //console.log("touchstart " + Date.now());
+  if (tapIgnoreEvent(e)) return;
+
+  tapPointerMoved = false;
+
+  tapEnableTouchEvents();
+  tapPointerStart = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(e);
+
+  tapEventListener(tapTouchMoveListener);
+  ionic.activator.start(e);
+
+  if (ionic.Platform.isIOS() && ionic.tap.isLabelWithTextInput(e.target)) {
+    // if the tapped element is a label, which has a child input
+    // then preventDefault so iOS doesn't ugly auto scroll to the input
+    // but do not prevent default on Android or else you cannot move the text caret
+    // and do not prevent default on Android or else no virtual keyboard shows up
+
+    var textInput = tapTargetElement(tapContainingElement(e.target));
+    if (textInput !== tapActiveEle) {
+      // don't preventDefault on an already focused input or else iOS's text caret isn't usable
+      e.preventDefault();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function tapTouchEnd(e) {
+  //console.log('touchend ' + Date.now());
+  if (tapIgnoreEvent(e)) return;
+
+  tapEnableTouchEvents();
+  if (!tapHasPointerMoved(e)) {
+    tapClick(e);
+
+    if ((/^(select|option)$/i).test(e.target.tagName)) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+    }
+  }
+
+  tapLastTouchTarget = e.target;
+  tapTouchCancel();
+}
+
+function tapTouchMove(e) {
+  if (tapHasPointerMoved(e)) {
+    tapPointerMoved = true;
+    tapEventListener(tapTouchMoveListener, false);
+    ionic.activator.end();
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+function tapTouchCancel() {
+  tapEventListener(tapTouchMoveListener, false);
+  ionic.activator.end();
+  tapPointerMoved = false;
+}
+
+function tapEnableTouchEvents() {
+  tapEnabledTouchEvents = true;
+  clearTimeout(tapMouseResetTimer);
+  tapMouseResetTimer = setTimeout(function() {
+    tapEnabledTouchEvents = false;
+  }, 600);
+}
+
+function tapIgnoreEvent(e) {
+  if (e.isTapHandled) return true;
+  e.isTapHandled = true;
+
+  if (ionic.scroll.isScrolling && ionic.tap.containsOrIsTextInput(e.target)) {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+function tapHandleFocus(ele) {
+  tapTouchFocusedInput = null;
+
+  var triggerFocusIn = false;
+
+  if (ele.tagName == 'SELECT') {
+    // trick to force Android options to show up
+    triggerMouseEvent('mousedown', ele, 0, 0);
+    ele.focus && ele.focus();
+    triggerFocusIn = true;
+
+  } else if (tapActiveElement() === ele) {
+    // already is the active element and has focus
+    triggerFocusIn = true;
+
+  } else if ((/^(input|textarea)$/i).test(ele.tagName) || ele.isContentEditable) {
+    triggerFocusIn = true;
+    ele.focus && ele.focus();
+    ele.value = ele.value;
+    if (tapEnabledTouchEvents) {
+      tapTouchFocusedInput = ele;
+    }
+
+  } else {
+    tapFocusOutActive();
+  }
+
+  if (triggerFocusIn) {
+    tapActiveElement(ele);
+    ionic.trigger('ionic.focusin', {
+      target: ele
+    }, true);
+  }
+}
+
+function tapFocusOutActive() {
+  var ele = tapActiveElement();
+  if (ele && ((/^(input|textarea|select)$/i).test(ele.tagName) || ele.isContentEditable)) {
+    void 0;
+    ele.blur();
+  }
+  tapActiveElement(null);
+}
+
+function tapFocusIn(e) {
+  //console.log('focusin ' + Date.now());
+  // Because a text input doesn't preventDefault (so the caret still works) there's a chance
+  // that its mousedown event 300ms later will change the focus to another element after
+  // the keyboard shows up.
+
+  if (tapEnabledTouchEvents &&
+      ionic.tap.isTextInput(tapActiveElement()) &&
+      ionic.tap.isTextInput(tapTouchFocusedInput) &&
+      tapTouchFocusedInput !== e.target) {
+
+    // 1) The pointer is from touch events
+    // 2) There is an active element which is a text input
+    // 3) A text input was just set to be focused on by a touch event
+    // 4) A new focus has been set, however the target isn't the one the touch event wanted
+    void 0;
+    tapTouchFocusedInput.focus();
+    tapTouchFocusedInput = null;
+  }
+  ionic.scroll.isScrolling = false;
+}
+
+function tapFocusOut() {
+  //console.log("focusout");
+  tapActiveElement(null);
+}
+
+function tapActiveElement(ele) {
+  if (arguments.length) {
+    tapActiveEle = ele;
+  }
+  return tapActiveEle || document.activeElement;
+}
+
+function tapHasPointerMoved(endEvent) {
+  if (!endEvent || endEvent.target.nodeType !== 1 || !tapPointerStart || (tapPointerStart.x === 0 && tapPointerStart.y === 0)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  var endCoordinates = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(endEvent);
+
+  var hasClassList = !!(endEvent.target.classList && endEvent.target.classList.contains &&
+    typeof endEvent.target.classList.contains === 'function');
+  var releaseTolerance = hasClassList && endEvent.target.classList.contains('button') ?
+    TAP_RELEASE_BUTTON_TOLERANCE :
+    TAP_RELEASE_TOLERANCE;
+
+  return Math.abs(tapPointerStart.x - endCoordinates.x) > releaseTolerance ||
+         Math.abs(tapPointerStart.y - endCoordinates.y) > releaseTolerance;
+}
+
+function tapContainingElement(ele, allowSelf) {
+  var climbEle = ele;
+  for (var x = 0; x < 6; x++) {
+    if (!climbEle) break;
+    if (climbEle.tagName === 'LABEL') return climbEle;
+    climbEle = climbEle.parentElement;
+  }
+  if (allowSelf !== false) return ele;
+}
+
+function tapTargetElement(ele) {
+  if (ele && ele.tagName === 'LABEL') {
+    if (ele.control) return ele.control;
+
+    // older devices do not support the "control" property
+    if (ele.querySelector) {
+      var control = ele.querySelector('input,textarea,select');
+      if (control) return control;
+    }
+  }
+  return ele;
+}
+
+ionic.DomUtil.ready(function() {
+  var ng = typeof angular !== 'undefined' ? angular : null;
+  //do nothing for e2e tests
+  if (!ng || (ng && !ng.scenario)) {
+    ionic.tap.register(document);
+  }
+});
+
+(function(document, ionic) {
+  'use strict';
+
+  var queueElements = {};   // elements that should get an active state in XX milliseconds
+  var activeElements = {};  // elements that are currently active
+  var keyId = 0;            // a counter for unique keys for the above ojects
+  var ACTIVATED_CLASS = 'activated';
+
+  ionic.activator = {
+
+    start: function(e) {
+      var hitX = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(e).x;
+      if (hitX > 0 && hitX < 30) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // when an element is touched/clicked, it climbs up a few
+      // parents to see if it is an .item or .button element
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+        if ((ionic.scroll && ionic.scroll.isScrolling) || ionic.tap.requiresNativeClick(e.target)) return;
+        var ele = e.target;
+        var eleToActivate;
+
+        for (var x = 0; x < 6; x++) {
+          if (!ele || ele.nodeType !== 1) break;
+          if (eleToActivate && ele.classList && ele.classList.contains('item')) {
+            eleToActivate = ele;
+            break;
+          }
+          if (ele.tagName == 'A' || ele.tagName == 'BUTTON' || ele.hasAttribute('ng-click')) {
+            eleToActivate = ele;
+            break;
+          }
+          if (ele.classList.contains('button')) {
+            eleToActivate = ele;
+            break;
+          }
+          // no sense climbing past these
+          if (ele.tagName == 'ION-CONTENT' || (ele.classList && ele.classList.contains('pane')) || ele.tagName == 'BODY') {
+            break;
+          }
+          ele = ele.parentElement;
+        }
+
+        if (eleToActivate) {
+          // queue that this element should be set to active
+          queueElements[keyId] = eleToActivate;
+
+          // on the next frame, set the queued elements to active
+          ionic.requestAnimationFrame(activateElements);
+
+          keyId = (keyId > 29 ? 0 : keyId + 1);
+        }
+
+      });
+    },
+
+    end: function() {
+      // clear out any active/queued elements after XX milliseconds
+      setTimeout(clear, 200);
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  function clear() {
+    // clear out any elements that are queued to be set to active
+    queueElements = {};
+
+    // in the next frame, remove the active class from all active elements
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(deactivateElements);
+  }
+
+  function activateElements() {
+    // activate all elements in the queue
+    for (var key in queueElements) {
+      if (queueElements[key]) {
+        queueElements[key].classList.add(ACTIVATED_CLASS);
+        activeElements[key] = queueElements[key];
+      }
+    }
+    queueElements = {};
+  }
+
+  function deactivateElements() {
+    if (ionic.transition && ionic.transition.isActive) {
+      setTimeout(deactivateElements, 400);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (var key in activeElements) {
+      if (activeElements[key]) {
+        activeElements[key].classList.remove(ACTIVATED_CLASS);
+        delete activeElements[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+})(document, ionic);
+
+(function(ionic) {
+  /* for nextUid function below */
+  var nextId = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Various utilities used throughout Ionic
+   *
+   * Some of these are adopted from underscore.js and backbone.js, both also MIT licensed.
+   */
+  ionic.Utils = {
+
+    arrayMove: function(arr, oldIndex, newIndex) {
+      if (newIndex >= arr.length) {
+        var k = newIndex - arr.length;
+        while ((k--) + 1) {
+          arr.push(undefined);
+        }
+      }
+      arr.splice(newIndex, 0, arr.splice(oldIndex, 1)[0]);
+      return arr;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Return a function that will be called with the given context
+     */
+    proxy: function(func, context) {
+      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+      return function() {
+        return func.apply(context, args.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Only call a function once in the given interval.
+     *
+     * @param func {Function} the function to call
+     * @param wait {int} how long to wait before/after to allow function calls
+     * @param immediate {boolean} whether to call immediately or after the wait interval
+     */
+     debounce: function(func, wait, immediate) {
+      var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
+      return function() {
+        context = this;
+        args = arguments;
+        timestamp = new Date();
+        var later = function() {
+          var last = (new Date()) - timestamp;
+          if (last < wait) {
+            timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last);
+          } else {
+            timeout = null;
+            if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
+          }
+        };
+        var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
+        if (!timeout) {
+          timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+        }
+        if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args);
+        return result;
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Throttle the given fun, only allowing it to be
+     * called at most every `wait` ms.
+     */
+    throttle: function(func, wait, options) {
+      var context, args, result;
+      var timeout = null;
+      var previous = 0;
+      options || (options = {});
+      var later = function() {
+        previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : Date.now();
+        timeout = null;
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+      };
+      return function() {
+        var now = Date.now();
+        if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
+        var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
+        context = this;
+        args = arguments;
+        if (remaining <= 0) {
+          clearTimeout(timeout);
+          timeout = null;
+          previous = now;
+          result = func.apply(context, args);
+        } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
+          timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    },
+     // Borrowed from Backbone.js's extend
+     // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+     // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+     // class properties to be extended.
+    inherit: function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+      var parent = this;
+      var child;
+
+      // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+      // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+      // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+      if (protoProps && protoProps.hasOwnProperty('constructor')) {
+        child = protoProps.constructor;
+      } else {
+        child = function() { return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+      }
+
+      // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+      ionic.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+      // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+      // `parent`'s constructor function.
+      var Surrogate = function() { this.constructor = child; };
+      Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+      child.prototype = new Surrogate();
+
+      // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+      // if supplied.
+      if (protoProps) ionic.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+      // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+      // later.
+      child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+      return child;
+    },
+
+    // Extend adapted from Underscore.js
+    extend: function(obj) {
+       var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+       for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+         var source = args[i];
+         if (source) {
+           for (var prop in source) {
+             obj[prop] = source[prop];
+           }
+         }
+       }
+       return obj;
+    },
+
+    nextUid: function() {
+      return 'ion' + (nextId++);
+    },
+
+    disconnectScope: function disconnectScope(scope) {
+      if (!scope) return;
+
+      if (scope.$root === scope) {
+        return; // we can't disconnect the root node;
+      }
+      var parent = scope.$parent;
+      scope.$$disconnected = true;
+      scope.$broadcast('$ionic.disconnectScope', scope);
+
+      // See Scope.$destroy
+      if (parent.$$childHead === scope) {
+        parent.$$childHead = scope.$$nextSibling;
+      }
+      if (parent.$$childTail === scope) {
+        parent.$$childTail = scope.$$prevSibling;
+      }
+      if (scope.$$prevSibling) {
+        scope.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = scope.$$nextSibling;
+      }
+      if (scope.$$nextSibling) {
+        scope.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = scope.$$prevSibling;
+      }
+      scope.$$nextSibling = scope.$$prevSibling = null;
+    },
+
+    reconnectScope: function reconnectScope(scope) {
+      if (!scope) return;
+
+      if (scope.$root === scope) {
+        return; // we can't disconnect the root node;
+      }
+      if (!scope.$$disconnected) {
+        return;
+      }
+      var parent = scope.$parent;
+      scope.$$disconnected = false;
+      scope.$broadcast('$ionic.reconnectScope', scope);
+      // See Scope.$new for this logic...
+      scope.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
+      if (parent.$$childHead) {
+        parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = scope;
+        parent.$$childTail = scope;
+      } else {
+        parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = scope;
+      }
+    },
+
+    isScopeDisconnected: function(scope) {
+      var climbScope = scope;
+      while (climbScope) {
+        if (climbScope.$$disconnected) return true;
+        climbScope = climbScope.$parent;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Bind a few of the most useful functions to the ionic scope
+  ionic.inherit = ionic.Utils.inherit;
+  ionic.extend = ionic.Utils.extend;
+  ionic.throttle = ionic.Utils.throttle;
+  ionic.proxy = ionic.Utils.proxy;
+  ionic.debounce = ionic.Utils.debounce;
+
+})(window.ionic);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc page
+ * @name keyboard
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * On both Android and iOS, Ionic will attempt to prevent the keyboard from
+ * obscuring inputs and focusable elements when it appears by scrolling them
+ * into view.  In order for this to work, any focusable elements must be within
+ * a [Scroll View](http://ionicframework.com/docs/api/directive/ionScroll/)
+ * or a directive such as [Content](http://ionicframework.com/docs/api/directive/ionContent/)
+ * that has a Scroll View.
+ *
+ * It will also attempt to prevent the native overflow scrolling on focus,
+ * which can cause layout issues such as pushing headers up and out of view.
+ *
+ * The keyboard fixes work best in conjunction with the
+ * [Ionic Keyboard Plugin](https://github.com/driftyco/ionic-plugins-keyboard),
+ * although it will perform reasonably well without.  However, if you are using
+ * Cordova there is no reason not to use the plugin.
+ *
+ * ### Hide when keyboard shows
+ *
+ * To hide an element when the keyboard is open, add the class `hide-on-keyboard-open`.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div class="hide-on-keyboard-open">
+ *   <div id="google-map"></div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ * ----------
+ *
+ * ### Plugin Usage
+ * Information on using the plugin can be found at
+ * [https://github.com/driftyco/ionic-plugins-keyboard](https://github.com/driftyco/ionic-plugins-keyboard).
+ *
+ * ----------
+ *
+ * ### Android Notes
+ * - If your app is running in fullscreen, i.e. you have
+ *   `<preference name="Fullscreen" value="true" />` in your `config.xml` file
+ *   you will need to set `ionic.Platform.isFullScreen = true` manually.
+ *
+ * - You can configure the behavior of the web view when the keyboard shows by setting
+ *   [android:windowSoftInputMode](http://developer.android.com/reference/android/R.attr.html#windowSoftInputMode)
+ *   to either `adjustPan`, `adjustResize` or `adjustNothing` in your app's
+ *   activity in `AndroidManifest.xml`. `adjustResize` is the recommended setting
+ *   for Ionic, but if for some reason you do use `adjustPan` you will need to
+ *   set `ionic.Platform.isFullScreen = true`.
+ *
+ *   ```xml
+ *   <activity android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize">
+ *
+ *   ```
+ *
+ * ### iOS Notes
+ * - If the content of your app (including the header) is being pushed up and
+ *   out of view on input focus, try setting `cordova.plugins.Keyboard.disableScroll(true)`.
+ *   This does **not** disable scrolling in the Ionic scroll view, rather it
+ *   disables the native overflow scrolling that happens automatically as a
+ *   result of focusing on inputs below the keyboard.
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The current viewport height.
+ */
+var keyboardCurrentViewportHeight = 0;
+
+/**
+ * The viewport height when in portrait orientation.
+ */
+var keyboardPortraitViewportHeight = 0;
+
+/**
+ * The viewport height when in landscape orientation.
+ */
+var keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight = 0;
+
+/**
+ * The currently focused input.
+ */
+var keyboardActiveElement;
+
+/**
+ * The scroll view containing the currently focused input.
+ */
+var scrollView;
+
+/**
+ * Timer for the setInterval that polls window.innerHeight to determine whether
+ * the layout has updated for the keyboard showing/hiding.
+ */
+var waitForResizeTimer;
+
+/**
+ * Sometimes when switching inputs or orientations, focusout will fire before
+ * focusin, so this timer is for the small setTimeout to determine if we should
+ * really focusout/hide the keyboard.
+ */
+var keyboardFocusOutTimer;
+
+/**
+ * on Android, orientationchange will fire before the keyboard plugin notifies
+ * the browser that the keyboard will show/is showing, so this flag indicates
+ * to nativeShow that there was an orientationChange and we should update
+ * the viewport height with an accurate keyboard height value
+ */
+var wasOrientationChange = false;
+
+/**
+ * CSS class added to the body indicating the keyboard is open.
+ */
+var KEYBOARD_OPEN_CSS = 'keyboard-open';
+
+/**
+ * CSS class that indicates a scroll container.
+ */
+var SCROLL_CONTAINER_CSS = 'scroll-content';
+
+/**
+ * Ionic keyboard namespace.
+ * @namespace keyboard
+ */
+ionic.keyboard = {
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the keyboard is open or not.
+   */
+  isOpen: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the keyboard is closing or not.
+   */
+  isClosing: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the keyboard is opening or not.
+   */
+  isOpening: false,
+
+  /**
+   * The height of the keyboard in pixels, as reported by the keyboard plugin.
+   * If the plugin is not available, calculated as the difference in
+   * window.innerHeight after the keyboard has shown.
+   */
+  height: 0,
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the device is in landscape orientation or not.
+   */
+  isLandscape: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Hide the keyboard, if it is open.
+   */
+  hide: function() {
+    if (keyboardHasPlugin()) {
+      cordova.plugins.Keyboard.close();
+    }
+    keyboardActiveElement && keyboardActiveElement.blur();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * An alias for cordova.plugins.Keyboard.show(). If the keyboard plugin
+   * is installed, show the keyboard.
+   */
+  show: function() {
+    if (keyboardHasPlugin()) {
+      cordova.plugins.Keyboard.show();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Initialize the viewport height (after ionic.keyboard.height has been
+// defined).
+keyboardCurrentViewportHeight = getViewportHeight();
+
+
+                             /* Event handlers */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/**
+ * Event handler for first touch event, initializes all event listeners
+ * for keyboard related events.
+ */
+function keyboardInit() {
+  var debouncedKeyboardFocusIn = ionic.debounce(keyboardFocusIn, 200, true);
+
+  if (keyboardHasPlugin()) {
+    window.addEventListener('native.keyboardshow', ionic.debounce(keyboardNativeShow, 100, true));
+    window.addEventListener('native.keyboardhide', keyboardFocusOut);
+  } else {
+    document.body.addEventListener('focusout', keyboardFocusOut);
+  }
+
+  document.body.addEventListener('ionic.focusin', debouncedKeyboardFocusIn);
+  document.body.addEventListener('focusin', debouncedKeyboardFocusIn);
+
+  if (window.navigator.msPointerEnabled) {
+    document.removeEventListener("MSPointerDown", keyboardInit);
+  } else {
+    document.removeEventListener('touchstart', keyboardInit);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Event handler for 'native.keyboardshow' event, sets keyboard.height to the
+ * reported height and keyboard.isOpening to true. Then calls
+ * keyboardWaitForResize with keyboardShow or keyboardUpdateViewportHeight as
+ * the callback depending on whether the event was triggered by a focusin or
+ * an orientationchange.
+ */
+function keyboardNativeShow(e) {
+  clearTimeout(keyboardFocusOutTimer);
+  //console.log("keyboardNativeShow fired at: " + Date.now());
+  //console.log("keyboardNativeshow window.innerHeight: " + window.innerHeight);
+
+  if (!ionic.keyboard.isOpen || ionic.keyboard.isClosing) {
+    ionic.keyboard.isOpening = true;
+    ionic.keyboard.isClosing = false;
+  }
+
+  ionic.keyboard.height = e.keyboardHeight;
+  //console.log('nativeshow keyboard height:' + e.keyboardHeight);
+
+  if (wasOrientationChange) {
+    keyboardWaitForResize(keyboardUpdateViewportHeight, true);
+  } else {
+    keyboardWaitForResize(keyboardShow, true);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Event handler for 'focusin' and 'ionic.focusin' events. Initializes
+ * keyboard state (keyboardActiveElement and keyboard.isOpening) for the
+ * appropriate adjustments once the window has resized.  If not using the
+ * keyboard plugin, calls keyboardWaitForResize with keyboardShow as the
+ * callback or keyboardShow right away if the keyboard is already open.  If
+ * using the keyboard plugin does nothing and lets keyboardNativeShow handle
+ * adjustments with a more accurate keyboard height.
+ */
+function keyboardFocusIn(e) {
+  clearTimeout(keyboardFocusOutTimer);
+  //console.log("keyboardFocusIn from: " + e.type + " at: " + Date.now());
+
+  if (!e.target ||
+      e.target.readOnly ||
+      !ionic.tap.isKeyboardElement(e.target) ||
+      !(scrollView = inputScrollView(e.target))) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  keyboardActiveElement = e.target;
+
+  // if using JS scrolling, undo the effects of native overflow scroll so the
+  // scroll view is positioned correctly
+  document.body.scrollTop = 0;
+  scrollView.scrollTop = 0;
+  ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+    document.body.scrollTop = 0;
+    scrollView.scrollTop = 0;
+  });
+
+  if (!ionic.keyboard.isOpen || ionic.keyboard.isClosing) {
+    ionic.keyboard.isOpening = true;
+    ionic.keyboard.isClosing = false;
+  }
+
+  // attempt to prevent browser from natively scrolling input into view while
+  // we are trying to do the same (while we are scrolling) if the user taps the
+  // keyboard
+  document.addEventListener('keydown', keyboardOnKeyDown, false);
+
+  // any showing part of the document that isn't within the scroll the user
+  // could touchmove and cause some ugly changes to the app, so disable
+  // any touchmove events while the keyboard is open using e.preventDefault()
+  if (window.navigator.msPointerEnabled) {
+    document.addEventListener("MSPointerMove", keyboardPreventDefault, false);
+  } else {
+    document.addEventListener('touchmove', keyboardPreventDefault, false);
+  }
+
+  // if we aren't using the plugin and the keyboard isn't open yet, wait for the
+  // window to resize so we can get an accurate estimate of the keyboard size,
+  // otherwise we do nothing and let nativeShow call keyboardShow once we have
+  // an exact keyboard height
+  // if the keyboard is already open, go ahead and scroll the input into view
+  // if necessary
+  if (!ionic.keyboard.isOpen && !keyboardHasPlugin()) {
+    keyboardWaitForResize(keyboardShow, true);
+
+  } else if (ionic.keyboard.isOpen) {
+    keyboardShow();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Event handler for 'focusout' events. Sets keyboard.isClosing to true and
+ * calls keyboardWaitForResize with keyboardHide as the callback after a small
+ * timeout.
+ */
+function keyboardFocusOut() {
+  clearTimeout(keyboardFocusOutTimer);
+  //console.log("keyboardFocusOut fired at: " + Date.now());
+  //console.log("keyboardFocusOut event type: " + e.type);
+
+  if (ionic.keyboard.isOpen || ionic.keyboard.isOpening) {
+    ionic.keyboard.isClosing = true;
+    ionic.keyboard.isOpening = false;
+  }
+
+  // Call keyboardHide with a slight delay because sometimes on focus or
+  // orientation change focusin is called immediately after, so we give it time
+  // to cancel keyboardHide
+  keyboardFocusOutTimer = setTimeout(function() {
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      // focusOut during or right after an orientationchange, so we didn't get
+      // a chance to update the viewport height yet, do it and keyboardHide
+      //console.log("focusOut, wasOrientationChange: " + wasOrientationChange);
+      if (wasOrientationChange) {
+        keyboardWaitForResize(function(){
+          keyboardUpdateViewportHeight();
+          keyboardHide();
+        }, false);
+      } else {
+        keyboardWaitForResize(keyboardHide, false);
+      }
+    });
+  }, 50);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Event handler for 'orientationchange' events. If using the keyboard plugin
+ * and the keyboard is open on Android, sets wasOrientationChange to true so
+ * nativeShow can update the viewport height with an accurate keyboard height.
+ * If the keyboard isn't open or keyboard plugin isn't being used,
+ * waits for the window to resize before updating the viewport height.
+ *
+ * On iOS, where orientationchange fires after the keyboard has already shown,
+ * updates the viewport immediately, regardless of if the keyboard is already
+ * open.
+ */
+function keyboardOrientationChange() {
+  //console.log("orientationchange fired at: " + Date.now());
+  //console.log("orientation was: " + (ionic.keyboard.isLandscape ? "landscape" : "portrait"));
+
+  // toggle orientation
+  ionic.keyboard.isLandscape = !ionic.keyboard.isLandscape;
+  // //console.log("now orientation is: " + (ionic.keyboard.isLandscape ? "landscape" : "portrait"));
+
+  // no need to wait for resizing on iOS, and orientationchange always fires
+  // after the keyboard has opened, so it doesn't matter if it's open or not
+  if (ionic.Platform.isIOS()) {
+    keyboardUpdateViewportHeight();
+  }
+
+  // On Android, if the keyboard isn't open or we aren't using the keyboard
+  // plugin, update the viewport height once everything has resized. If the
+  // keyboard is open and we are using the keyboard plugin do nothing and let
+  // nativeShow handle it using an accurate keyboard height.
+  if ( ionic.Platform.isAndroid()) {
+    if (!ionic.keyboard.isOpen || !keyboardHasPlugin()) {
+      keyboardWaitForResize(keyboardUpdateViewportHeight, false);
+    } else {
+      wasOrientationChange = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Event handler for 'keydown' event. Tries to prevent browser from natively
+ * scrolling an input into view when a user taps the keyboard while we are
+ * scrolling the input into view ourselves with JS.
+ */
+function keyboardOnKeyDown(e) {
+  if (ionic.scroll.isScrolling) {
+    keyboardPreventDefault(e);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Event for 'touchmove' or 'MSPointerMove'. Prevents native scrolling on
+ * elements outside the scroll view while the keyboard is open.
+ */
+function keyboardPreventDefault(e) {
+  if (e.target.tagName !== 'TEXTAREA') {
+    e.preventDefault();
+  }
+}
+
+                              /* Private API */
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/**
+ * Polls window.innerHeight until it has updated to an expected value (or
+ * sufficient time has passed) before calling the specified callback function.
+ * Only necessary for non-fullscreen Android which sometimes reports multiple
+ * window.innerHeight values during interim layouts while it is resizing.
+ *
+ * On iOS, the window.innerHeight will already be updated, but we use the 50ms
+ * delay as essentially a timeout so that scroll view adjustments happen after
+ * the keyboard has shown so there isn't a white flash from us resizing too
+ * quickly.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} callback the function to call once the window has resized
+ * @param {boolean} isOpening whether the resize is from the keyboard opening
+ * or not
+ */
+function keyboardWaitForResize(callback, isOpening) {
+  clearInterval(waitForResizeTimer);
+  var count = 0;
+  var maxCount;
+  var initialHeight = getViewportHeight();
+  var viewportHeight = initialHeight;
+
+  //console.log("waitForResize initial viewport height: " + viewportHeight);
+  //var start = Date.now();
+  //console.log("start: " + start);
+
+  // want to fail relatively quickly on modern android devices, since it's much
+  // more likely we just have a bad keyboard height
+  if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid() && ionic.Platform.version() < 4.4) {
+    maxCount = 30;
+  } else if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid()) {
+    maxCount = 10;
+  } else {
+    maxCount = 1;
+  }
+
+  // poll timer
+  waitForResizeTimer = setInterval(function(){
+    viewportHeight = getViewportHeight();
+
+    // height hasn't updated yet, try again in 50ms
+    // if not using plugin, wait for maxCount to ensure we have waited long enough
+    // to get an accurate keyboard height
+    if (++count < maxCount &&
+        ((!isPortraitViewportHeight(viewportHeight) &&
+         !isLandscapeViewportHeight(viewportHeight)) ||
+         !ionic.keyboard.height)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // infer the keyboard height from the resize if not using the keyboard plugin
+    if (!keyboardHasPlugin()) {
+      ionic.keyboard.height = Math.abs(initialHeight - window.innerHeight);
+    }
+
+    // set to true if we were waiting for the keyboard to open
+    ionic.keyboard.isOpen = isOpening;
+
+    clearInterval(waitForResizeTimer);
+    //var end = Date.now();
+    //console.log("waitForResize count: " + count);
+    //console.log("end: " + end);
+    //console.log("difference: " + ( end - start ) + "ms");
+
+    //console.log("callback: " + callback.name);
+    callback();
+
+  }, 50);
+
+  return maxCount; //for tests
+}
+
+/**
+ * On keyboard close sets keyboard state to closed, resets the scroll view,
+ * removes CSS from body indicating keyboard was open, removes any event
+ * listeners for when the keyboard is open and on Android blurs the active
+ * element (which in some cases will still have focus even if the keyboard
+ * is closed and can cause it to reappear on subsequent taps).
+ */
+function keyboardHide() {
+  clearTimeout(keyboardFocusOutTimer);
+  //console.log("keyboardHide");
+
+  ionic.keyboard.isOpen = false;
+  ionic.keyboard.isClosing = false;
+
+  ionic.trigger('resetScrollView', {
+    target: keyboardActiveElement
+  }, true);
+
+  ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+    document.body.classList.remove(KEYBOARD_OPEN_CSS);
+  });
+
+  // the keyboard is gone now, remove the touchmove that disables native scroll
+  if (window.navigator.msPointerEnabled) {
+    document.removeEventListener("MSPointerMove", keyboardPreventDefault);
+  } else {
+    document.removeEventListener('touchmove', keyboardPreventDefault);
+  }
+  document.removeEventListener('keydown', keyboardOnKeyDown);
+
+  if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid()) {
+    // on android closing the keyboard with the back/dismiss button won't remove
+    // focus and keyboard can re-appear on subsequent taps (like scrolling)
+    if (keyboardHasPlugin()) cordova.plugins.Keyboard.close();
+    keyboardActiveElement && keyboardActiveElement.blur();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * On keyboard open sets keyboard state to open, adds CSS to the body
+ * indicating the keyboard is open and tells the scroll view to resize and
+ * the currently focused input into view if necessary.
+ */
+function keyboardShow() {
+  var elementBounds = keyboardActiveElement.getBoundingClientRect();
+  var details = {
+    target: keyboardActiveElement,
+    elementTop: Math.round(elementBounds.top),
+    elementBottom: Math.round(elementBounds.bottom),
+    keyboardHeight: keyboardGetHeight(),
+    viewportHeight: keyboardCurrentViewportHeight
+  };
+
+  details.windowHeight = details.viewportHeight - details.keyboardHeight;
+  //console.log("keyboardShow viewportHeight: " + details.viewportHeight +
+  //", windowHeight: " + details.windowHeight +
+  //", keyboardHeight: " + details.keyboardHeight);
+
+  // figure out if the element is under the keyboard
+  details.isElementUnderKeyboard = (details.elementBottom > details.windowHeight);
+  //console.log("isUnderKeyboard: " + details.isElementUnderKeyboard);
+  //console.log("elementBottom: " + details.elementBottom);
+
+  ionic.keyboard.isOpen = true;
+  ionic.keyboard.isOpening = false;
+
+  // send event so the scroll view adjusts
+  ionic.trigger('scrollChildIntoView', details, true);
+
+  setTimeout(function(){
+    document.body.classList.add(KEYBOARD_OPEN_CSS);
+  }, 400);
+
+  return details;
+}
+
+/* eslint no-unused-vars:0 */
+function keyboardGetHeight() {
+  // check if we already have a keyboard height from the plugin or resize calculations
+  if (ionic.keyboard.height) {
+    return ionic.keyboard.height;
+  }
+
+  if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid()) {
+    // should be using the plugin, no way to know how big the keyboard is, so guess
+    if ( ionic.Platform.isFullScreen ) {
+      return 275;
+    }
+    // otherwise just calculate it
+    var contentHeight = window.innerHeight;
+    if (contentHeight < keyboardCurrentViewportHeight) {
+      return keyboardCurrentViewportHeight - contentHeight;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // fallback for when it's the webview without the plugin
+  // or for just the standard web browser
+  // TODO: have these be based on device
+  if (ionic.Platform.isIOS()) {
+    if (ionic.keyboard.isLandscape) {
+      return 206;
+    }
+
+    if (!ionic.Platform.isWebView()) {
+      return 216;
+    }
+
+    return 260;
+  }
+
+  // safe guess
+  return 275;
+}
+
+function isPortraitViewportHeight(viewportHeight) {
+  return !!(!ionic.keyboard.isLandscape &&
+         keyboardPortraitViewportHeight &&
+         (Math.abs(keyboardPortraitViewportHeight - viewportHeight) < 2));
+}
+
+function isLandscapeViewportHeight(viewportHeight) {
+  return !!(ionic.keyboard.isLandscape &&
+         keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight &&
+         (Math.abs(keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight - viewportHeight) < 2));
+}
+
+function keyboardUpdateViewportHeight() {
+  wasOrientationChange = false;
+  keyboardCurrentViewportHeight = getViewportHeight();
+
+  if (ionic.keyboard.isLandscape && !keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight) {
+    //console.log("saved landscape: " + keyboardCurrentViewportHeight);
+    keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight = keyboardCurrentViewportHeight;
+
+  } else if (!ionic.keyboard.isLandscape && !keyboardPortraitViewportHeight) {
+    //console.log("saved portrait: " + keyboardCurrentViewportHeight);
+    keyboardPortraitViewportHeight = keyboardCurrentViewportHeight;
+  }
+
+  ionic.trigger('resetScrollView', {
+    target: keyboardActiveElement
+  }, true);
+
+  if (ionic.keyboard.isOpen && ionic.tap.isTextInput(keyboardActiveElement)) {
+    keyboardShow();
+  }
+}
+
+function keyboardInitViewportHeight() {
+  var viewportHeight = getViewportHeight();
+  //console.log("Keyboard init VP: " + viewportHeight + " " + window.innerWidth);
+  // can't just use window.innerHeight in case the keyboard is opened immediately
+  if ((viewportHeight / window.innerWidth) < 1) {
+    ionic.keyboard.isLandscape = true;
+  }
+  //console.log("ionic.keyboard.isLandscape is: " + ionic.keyboard.isLandscape);
+
+  // initialize or update the current viewport height values
+  keyboardCurrentViewportHeight = viewportHeight;
+  if (ionic.keyboard.isLandscape && !keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight) {
+    keyboardLandscapeViewportHeight = keyboardCurrentViewportHeight;
+  } else if (!ionic.keyboard.isLandscape && !keyboardPortraitViewportHeight) {
+    keyboardPortraitViewportHeight = keyboardCurrentViewportHeight;
+  }
+}
+
+function getViewportHeight() {
+  var windowHeight = window.innerHeight;
+  //console.log('window.innerHeight is: ' + windowHeight);
+  //console.log('kb height is: ' + ionic.keyboard.height);
+  //console.log('kb isOpen: ' + ionic.keyboard.isOpen);
+
+  //TODO: add iPad undocked/split kb once kb plugin supports it
+  // the keyboard overlays the window on Android fullscreen
+  if (!(ionic.Platform.isAndroid() && ionic.Platform.isFullScreen) &&
+      (ionic.keyboard.isOpen || ionic.keyboard.isOpening) &&
+      !ionic.keyboard.isClosing) {
+
+     return windowHeight + keyboardGetHeight();
+  }
+  return windowHeight;
+}
+
+function inputScrollView(ele) {
+  while(ele) {
+    if (ele.classList.contains(SCROLL_CONTAINER_CSS)) {
+      return ele;
+    }
+    ele = ele.parentElement;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function keyboardHasPlugin() {
+  return !!(window.cordova && cordova.plugins && cordova.plugins.Keyboard);
+}
+
+ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+  keyboardInitViewportHeight();
+
+  window.addEventListener('orientationchange', keyboardOrientationChange);
+
+  // if orientation changes while app is in background, update on resuming
+  /*
+  if ( ionic.Platform.isWebView() ) {
+    document.addEventListener('resume', keyboardInitViewportHeight);
+
+    if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid()) {
+      //TODO: onbackpressed to detect keyboard close without focusout or plugin
+    }
+  }
+  */
+
+  // if orientation changes while app is in background, update on resuming
+/*  if ( ionic.Platform.isWebView() ) {
+    document.addEventListener('pause', function() {
+      window.removeEventListener('orientationchange', keyboardOrientationChange);
+    })
+    document.addEventListener('resume', function() {
+      keyboardInitViewportHeight();
+      window.addEventListener('orientationchange', keyboardOrientationChange)
+    });
+  }*/
+
+  // Android sometimes reports bad innerHeight on window.load
+  // try it again in a lil bit to play it safe
+  setTimeout(keyboardInitViewportHeight, 999);
+
+  // only initialize the adjustments for the virtual keyboard
+  // if a touchstart event happens
+  if (window.navigator.msPointerEnabled) {
+    document.addEventListener("MSPointerDown", keyboardInit, false);
+  } else {
+    document.addEventListener('touchstart', keyboardInit, false);
+  }
+});
+
+
+
+var viewportTag;
+var viewportProperties = {};
+
+ionic.viewport = {
+  orientation: function() {
+    // 0 = Portrait
+    // 90 = Landscape
+    // not using window.orientation because each device has a different implementation
+    return (window.innerWidth > window.innerHeight ? 90 : 0);
+  }
+};
+
+function viewportLoadTag() {
+  var x;
+
+  for (x = 0; x < document.head.children.length; x++) {
+    if (document.head.children[x].name == 'viewport') {
+      viewportTag = document.head.children[x];
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (viewportTag) {
+    var props = viewportTag.content.toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, '').split(',');
+    var keyValue;
+    for (x = 0; x < props.length; x++) {
+      if (props[x]) {
+        keyValue = props[x].split('=');
+        viewportProperties[ keyValue[0] ] = (keyValue.length > 1 ? keyValue[1] : '_');
+      }
+    }
+    viewportUpdate();
+  }
+}
+
+function viewportUpdate() {
+  // unit tests in viewport.unit.js
+
+  var initWidth = viewportProperties.width;
+  var initHeight = viewportProperties.height;
+  var p = ionic.Platform;
+  var version = p.version();
+  var DEVICE_WIDTH = 'device-width';
+  var DEVICE_HEIGHT = 'device-height';
+  var orientation = ionic.viewport.orientation();
+
+  // Most times we're removing the height and adding the width
+  // So this is the default to start with, then modify per platform/version/oreintation
+  delete viewportProperties.height;
+  viewportProperties.width = DEVICE_WIDTH;
+
+  if (p.isIPad()) {
+    // iPad
+
+    if (version > 7) {
+      // iPad >= 7.1
+      // https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CB-4323
+      delete viewportProperties.width;
+
+    } else {
+      // iPad <= 7.0
+
+      if (p.isWebView()) {
+        // iPad <= 7.0 WebView
+
+        if (orientation == 90) {
+          // iPad <= 7.0 WebView Landscape
+          viewportProperties.height = '0';
+
+        } else if (version == 7) {
+          // iPad <= 7.0 WebView Portait
+          viewportProperties.height = DEVICE_HEIGHT;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // iPad <= 6.1 Browser
+        if (version < 7) {
+          viewportProperties.height = '0';
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  } else if (p.isIOS()) {
+    // iPhone
+
+    if (p.isWebView()) {
+      // iPhone WebView
+
+      if (version > 7) {
+        // iPhone >= 7.1 WebView
+        delete viewportProperties.width;
+
+      } else if (version < 7) {
+        // iPhone <= 6.1 WebView
+        // if height was set it needs to get removed with this hack for <= 6.1
+        if (initHeight) viewportProperties.height = '0';
+
+      } else if (version == 7) {
+        //iPhone == 7.0 WebView
+        viewportProperties.height = DEVICE_HEIGHT;
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // iPhone Browser
+
+      if (version < 7) {
+        // iPhone <= 6.1 Browser
+        // if height was set it needs to get removed with this hack for <= 6.1
+        if (initHeight) viewportProperties.height = '0';
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  // only update the viewport tag if there was a change
+  if (initWidth !== viewportProperties.width || initHeight !== viewportProperties.height) {
+    viewportTagUpdate();
+  }
+}
+
+function viewportTagUpdate() {
+  var key, props = [];
+  for (key in viewportProperties) {
+    if (viewportProperties[key]) {
+      props.push(key + (viewportProperties[key] == '_' ? '' : '=' + viewportProperties[key]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  viewportTag.content = props.join(', ');
+}
+
+ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+  viewportLoadTag();
+
+  window.addEventListener("orientationchange", function() {
+    setTimeout(viewportUpdate, 1000);
+  }, false);
+});
+
+(function(ionic) {
+'use strict';
+  ionic.views.View = function() {
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  ionic.views.View.inherit = ionic.inherit;
+
+  ionic.extend(ionic.views.View.prototype, {
+    initialize: function() {}
+  });
+
+})(window.ionic);
+
+/*
+ * Scroller
+ * http://github.com/zynga/scroller
+ *
+ * Copyright 2011, Zynga Inc.
+ * Licensed under the MIT License.
+ * https://raw.github.com/zynga/scroller/master/MIT-LICENSE.txt
+ *
+ * Based on the work of: Unify Project (unify-project.org)
+ * http://unify-project.org
+ * Copyright 2011, Deutsche Telekom AG
+ * License: MIT + Apache (V2)
+ */
+
+/* jshint eqnull: true */
+
+/**
+ * Generic animation class with support for dropped frames both optional easing and duration.
+ *
+ * Optional duration is useful when the lifetime is defined by another condition than time
+ * e.g. speed of an animating object, etc.
+ *
+ * Dropped frame logic allows to keep using the same updater logic independent from the actual
+ * rendering. This eases a lot of cases where it might be pretty complex to break down a state
+ * based on the pure time difference.
+ */
+var zyngaCore = { effect: {} };
+(function(global) {
+  var time = Date.now || function() {
+    return +new Date();
+  };
+  var desiredFrames = 60;
+  var millisecondsPerSecond = 1000;
+  var running = {};
+  var counter = 1;
+
+  zyngaCore.effect.Animate = {
+
+    /**
+     * A requestAnimationFrame wrapper / polyfill.
+     *
+     * @param callback {Function} The callback to be invoked before the next repaint.
+     * @param root {HTMLElement} The root element for the repaint
+     */
+    requestAnimationFrame: (function() {
+
+      // Check for request animation Frame support
+      var requestFrame = global.requestAnimationFrame || global.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || global.mozRequestAnimationFrame || global.oRequestAnimationFrame;
+      var isNative = !!requestFrame;
+
+      if (requestFrame && !/requestAnimationFrame\(\)\s*\{\s*\[native code\]\s*\}/i.test(requestFrame.toString())) {
+        isNative = false;
+      }
+
+      if (isNative) {
+        return function(callback, root) {
+          requestFrame(callback, root);
+        };
+      }
+
+      var TARGET_FPS = 60;
+      var requests = {};
+      var requestCount = 0;
+      var rafHandle = 1;
+      var intervalHandle = null;
+      var lastActive = +new Date();
+
+      return function(callback) {
+        var callbackHandle = rafHandle++;
+
+        // Store callback
+        requests[callbackHandle] = callback;
+        requestCount++;
+
+        // Create timeout at first request
+        if (intervalHandle === null) {
+
+          intervalHandle = setInterval(function() {
+
+            var time = +new Date();
+            var currentRequests = requests;
+
+            // Reset data structure before executing callbacks
+            requests = {};
+            requestCount = 0;
+
+            for(var key in currentRequests) {
+              if (currentRequests.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                currentRequests[key](time);
+                lastActive = time;
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Disable the timeout when nothing happens for a certain
+            // period of time
+            if (time - lastActive > 2500) {
+              clearInterval(intervalHandle);
+              intervalHandle = null;
+            }
+
+          }, 1000 / TARGET_FPS);
+        }
+
+        return callbackHandle;
+      };
+
+    })(),
+
+
+    /**
+     * Stops the given animation.
+     *
+     * @param id {Integer} Unique animation ID
+     * @return {Boolean} Whether the animation was stopped (aka, was running before)
+     */
+    stop: function(id) {
+      var cleared = running[id] != null;
+      if (cleared) {
+        running[id] = null;
+      }
+
+      return cleared;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the given animation is still running.
+     *
+     * @param id {Integer} Unique animation ID
+     * @return {Boolean} Whether the animation is still running
+     */
+    isRunning: function(id) {
+      return running[id] != null;
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * Start the animation.
+     *
+     * @param stepCallback {Function} Pointer to function which is executed on every step.
+     *   Signature of the method should be `function(percent, now, virtual) { return continueWithAnimation; }`
+     * @param verifyCallback {Function} Executed before every animation step.
+     *   Signature of the method should be `function() { return continueWithAnimation; }`
+     * @param completedCallback {Function}
+     *   Signature of the method should be `function(droppedFrames, finishedAnimation) {}`
+     * @param duration {Integer} Milliseconds to run the animation
+     * @param easingMethod {Function} Pointer to easing function
+     *   Signature of the method should be `function(percent) { return modifiedValue; }`
+     * @param root {Element} Render root, when available. Used for internal
+     *   usage of requestAnimationFrame.
+     * @return {Integer} Identifier of animation. Can be used to stop it any time.
+     */
+    start: function(stepCallback, verifyCallback, completedCallback, duration, easingMethod, root) {
+
+      var start = time();
+      var lastFrame = start;
+      var percent = 0;
+      var dropCounter = 0;
+      var id = counter++;
+
+      if (!root) {
+        root = document.body;
+      }
+
+      // Compacting running db automatically every few new animations
+      if (id % 20 === 0) {
+        var newRunning = {};
+        for (var usedId in running) {
+          newRunning[usedId] = true;
+        }
+        running = newRunning;
+      }
+
+      // This is the internal step method which is called every few milliseconds
+      var step = function(virtual) {
+
+        // Normalize virtual value
+        var render = virtual !== true;
+
+        // Get current time
+        var now = time();
+
+        // Verification is executed before next animation step
+        if (!running[id] || (verifyCallback && !verifyCallback(id))) {
+
+          running[id] = null;
+          completedCallback && completedCallback(desiredFrames - (dropCounter / ((now - start) / millisecondsPerSecond)), id, false);
+          return;
+
+        }
+
+        // For the current rendering to apply let's update omitted steps in memory.
+        // This is important to bring internal state variables up-to-date with progress in time.
+        if (render) {
+
+          var droppedFrames = Math.round((now - lastFrame) / (millisecondsPerSecond / desiredFrames)) - 1;
+          for (var j = 0; j < Math.min(droppedFrames, 4); j++) {
+            step(true);
+            dropCounter++;
+          }
+
+        }
+
+        // Compute percent value
+        if (duration) {
+          percent = (now - start) / duration;
+          if (percent > 1) {
+            percent = 1;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Execute step callback, then...
+        var value = easingMethod ? easingMethod(percent) : percent;
+        if ((stepCallback(value, now, render) === false || percent === 1) && render) {
+          running[id] = null;
+          completedCallback && completedCallback(desiredFrames - (dropCounter / ((now - start) / millisecondsPerSecond)), id, percent === 1 || duration == null);
+        } else if (render) {
+          lastFrame = now;
+          zyngaCore.effect.Animate.requestAnimationFrame(step, root);
+        }
+      };
+
+      // Mark as running
+      running[id] = true;
+
+      // Init first step
+      zyngaCore.effect.Animate.requestAnimationFrame(step, root);
+
+      // Return unique animation ID
+      return id;
+    }
+  };
+})(this);
+
+/*
+ * Scroller
+ * http://github.com/zynga/scroller
+ *
+ * Copyright 2011, Zynga Inc.
+ * Licensed under the MIT License.
+ * https://raw.github.com/zynga/scroller/master/MIT-LICENSE.txt
+ *
+ * Based on the work of: Unify Project (unify-project.org)
+ * http://unify-project.org
+ * Copyright 2011, Deutsche Telekom AG
+ * License: MIT + Apache (V2)
+ */
+
+(function(ionic) {
+  var NOOP = function(){};
+
+  // Easing Equations (c) 2003 Robert Penner, all rights reserved.
+  // Open source under the BSD License.
+
+  /**
+   * @param pos {Number} position between 0 (start of effect) and 1 (end of effect)
+  **/
+  var easeOutCubic = function(pos) {
+    return (Math.pow((pos - 1), 3) + 1);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param pos {Number} position between 0 (start of effect) and 1 (end of effect)
+  **/
+  var easeInOutCubic = function(pos) {
+    if ((pos /= 0.5) < 1) {
+      return 0.5 * Math.pow(pos, 3);
+    }
+
+    return 0.5 * (Math.pow((pos - 2), 3) + 2);
+  };
+
+
+/**
+ * ionic.views.Scroll
+ * A powerful scroll view with support for bouncing, pull to refresh, and paging.
+ * @param   {Object}        options options for the scroll view
+ * @class A scroll view system
+ * @memberof ionic.views
+ */
+ionic.views.Scroll = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+  initialize: function(options) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    self.__container = options.el;
+    self.__content = options.el.firstElementChild;
+
+    //Remove any scrollTop attached to these elements; they are virtual scroll now
+    //This also stops on-load-scroll-to-window.location.hash that the browser does
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      if (self.__container && self.__content) {
+        self.__container.scrollTop = 0;
+        self.__content.scrollTop = 0;
+      }
+    });
+
+    self.options = {
+
+      /** Disable scrolling on x-axis by default */
+      scrollingX: false,
+      scrollbarX: true,
+
+      /** Enable scrolling on y-axis */
+      scrollingY: true,
+      scrollbarY: true,
+
+      startX: 0,
+      startY: 0,
+
+      /** The amount to dampen mousewheel events */
+      wheelDampen: 6,
+
+      /** The minimum size the scrollbars scale to while scrolling */
+      minScrollbarSizeX: 5,
+      minScrollbarSizeY: 5,
+
+      /** Scrollbar fading after scrolling */
+      scrollbarsFade: true,
+      scrollbarFadeDelay: 300,
+      /** The initial fade delay when the pane is resized or initialized */
+      scrollbarResizeFadeDelay: 1000,
+
+      /** Enable animations for deceleration, snap back, zooming and scrolling */
+      animating: true,
+
+      /** duration for animations triggered by scrollTo/zoomTo */
+      animationDuration: 250,
+
+      /** The velocity required to make the scroll view "slide" after touchend */
+      decelVelocityThreshold: 4,
+
+      /** The velocity required to make the scroll view "slide" after touchend when using paging */
+      decelVelocityThresholdPaging: 4,
+
+      /** Enable bouncing (content can be slowly moved outside and jumps back after releasing) */
+      bouncing: true,
+
+      /** Enable locking to the main axis if user moves only slightly on one of them at start */
+      locking: true,
+
+      /** Enable pagination mode (switching between full page content panes) */
+      paging: false,
+
+      /** Enable snapping of content to a configured pixel grid */
+      snapping: false,
+
+      /** Enable zooming of content via API, fingers and mouse wheel */
+      zooming: false,
+
+      /** Minimum zoom level */
+      minZoom: 0.5,
+
+      /** Maximum zoom level */
+      maxZoom: 3,
+
+      /** Multiply or decrease scrolling speed **/
+      speedMultiplier: 1,
+
+      deceleration: 0.97,
+
+      /** Whether to prevent default on a scroll operation to capture drag events **/
+      preventDefault: false,
+
+      /** Callback that is fired on the later of touch end or deceleration end,
+        provided that another scrolling action has not begun. Used to know
+        when to fade out a scrollbar. */
+      scrollingComplete: NOOP,
+
+      /** This configures the amount of change applied to deceleration when reaching boundaries  **/
+      penetrationDeceleration: 0.03,
+
+      /** This configures the amount of change applied to acceleration when reaching boundaries  **/
+      penetrationAcceleration: 0.08,
+
+      // The ms interval for triggering scroll events
+      scrollEventInterval: 10,
+
+      freeze: false,
+
+      getContentWidth: function() {
+        return Math.max(self.__content.scrollWidth, self.__content.offsetWidth);
+      },
+      getContentHeight: function() {
+        return Math.max(self.__content.scrollHeight, self.__content.offsetHeight + (self.__content.offsetTop * 2));
+      }
+    };
+
+    for (var key in options) {
+      self.options[key] = options[key];
+    }
+
+    self.hintResize = ionic.debounce(function() {
+      self.resize();
+    }, 1000, true);
+
+    self.onScroll = function() {
+
+      if (!ionic.scroll.isScrolling) {
+        setTimeout(self.setScrollStart, 50);
+      } else {
+        clearTimeout(self.scrollTimer);
+        self.scrollTimer = setTimeout(self.setScrollStop, 80);
+      }
+
+    };
+
+    self.freeze = function(shouldFreeze) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        self.options.freeze = shouldFreeze;
+      }
+      return self.options.freeze;
+    };
+
+    self.setScrollStart = function() {
+      ionic.scroll.isScrolling = Math.abs(ionic.scroll.lastTop - self.__scrollTop) > 1;
+      clearTimeout(self.scrollTimer);
+      self.scrollTimer = setTimeout(self.setScrollStop, 80);
+    };
+
+    self.setScrollStop = function() {
+      ionic.scroll.isScrolling = false;
+      ionic.scroll.lastTop = self.__scrollTop;
+    };
+
+    self.triggerScrollEvent = ionic.throttle(function() {
+      self.onScroll();
+      ionic.trigger('scroll', {
+        scrollTop: self.__scrollTop,
+        scrollLeft: self.__scrollLeft,
+        target: self.__container
+      });
+    }, self.options.scrollEventInterval);
+
+    self.triggerScrollEndEvent = function() {
+      ionic.trigger('scrollend', {
+        scrollTop: self.__scrollTop,
+        scrollLeft: self.__scrollLeft,
+        target: self.__container
+      });
+    };
+
+    self.__scrollLeft = self.options.startX;
+    self.__scrollTop = self.options.startY;
+
+    // Get the render update function, initialize event handlers,
+    // and calculate the size of the scroll container
+    self.__callback = self.getRenderFn();
+    self.__initEventHandlers();
+    self.__createScrollbars();
+
+  },
+
+  run: function() {
+    this.resize();
+
+    // Fade them out
+    this.__fadeScrollbars('out', this.options.scrollbarResizeFadeDelay);
+  },
+
+
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    INTERNAL FIELDS :: STATUS
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /** Whether only a single finger is used in touch handling */
+  __isSingleTouch: false,
+
+  /** Whether a touch event sequence is in progress */
+  __isTracking: false,
+
+  /** Whether a deceleration animation went to completion. */
+  __didDecelerationComplete: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a gesture zoom/rotate event is in progress. Activates when
+   * a gesturestart event happens. This has higher priority than dragging.
+   */
+  __isGesturing: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Whether the user has moved by such a distance that we have enabled
+   * dragging mode. Hint: It's only enabled after some pixels of movement to
+   * not interrupt with clicks etc.
+   */
+  __isDragging: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Not touching and dragging anymore, and smoothly animating the
+   * touch sequence using deceleration.
+   */
+  __isDecelerating: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Smoothly animating the currently configured change
+   */
+  __isAnimating: false,
+
+
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    INTERNAL FIELDS :: DIMENSIONS
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /** Available outer left position (from document perspective) */
+  __clientLeft: 0,
+
+  /** Available outer top position (from document perspective) */
+  __clientTop: 0,
+
+  /** Available outer width */
+  __clientWidth: 0,
+
+  /** Available outer height */
+  __clientHeight: 0,
+
+  /** Outer width of content */
+  __contentWidth: 0,
+
+  /** Outer height of content */
+  __contentHeight: 0,
+
+  /** Snapping width for content */
+  __snapWidth: 100,
+
+  /** Snapping height for content */
+  __snapHeight: 100,
+
+  /** Height to assign to refresh area */
+  __refreshHeight: null,
+
+  /** Whether the refresh process is enabled when the event is released now */
+  __refreshActive: false,
+
+  /** Callback to execute on activation. This is for signalling the user about a refresh is about to happen when he release */
+  __refreshActivate: null,
+
+  /** Callback to execute on deactivation. This is for signalling the user about the refresh being cancelled */
+  __refreshDeactivate: null,
+
+  /** Callback to execute to start the actual refresh. Call {@link #refreshFinish} when done */
+  __refreshStart: null,
+
+  /** Zoom level */
+  __zoomLevel: 1,
+
+  /** Scroll position on x-axis */
+  __scrollLeft: 0,
+
+  /** Scroll position on y-axis */
+  __scrollTop: 0,
+
+  /** Maximum allowed scroll position on x-axis */
+  __maxScrollLeft: 0,
+
+  /** Maximum allowed scroll position on y-axis */
+  __maxScrollTop: 0,
+
+  /* Scheduled left position (final position when animating) */
+  __scheduledLeft: 0,
+
+  /* Scheduled top position (final position when animating) */
+  __scheduledTop: 0,
+
+  /* Scheduled zoom level (final scale when animating) */
+  __scheduledZoom: 0,
+
+
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    INTERNAL FIELDS :: LAST POSITIONS
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /** Left position of finger at start */
+  __lastTouchLeft: null,
+
+  /** Top position of finger at start */
+  __lastTouchTop: null,
+
+  /** Timestamp of last move of finger. Used to limit tracking range for deceleration speed. */
+  __lastTouchMove: null,
+
+  /** List of positions, uses three indexes for each state: left, top, timestamp */
+  __positions: null,
+
+
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    INTERNAL FIELDS :: DECELERATION SUPPORT
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /** Minimum left scroll position during deceleration */
+  __minDecelerationScrollLeft: null,
+
+  /** Minimum top scroll position during deceleration */
+  __minDecelerationScrollTop: null,
+
+  /** Maximum left scroll position during deceleration */
+  __maxDecelerationScrollLeft: null,
+
+  /** Maximum top scroll position during deceleration */
+  __maxDecelerationScrollTop: null,
+
+  /** Current factor to modify horizontal scroll position with on every step */
+  __decelerationVelocityX: null,
+
+  /** Current factor to modify vertical scroll position with on every step */
+  __decelerationVelocityY: null,
+
+
+  /** the browser-specific property to use for transforms */
+  __transformProperty: null,
+  __perspectiveProperty: null,
+
+  /** scrollbar indicators */
+  __indicatorX: null,
+  __indicatorY: null,
+
+  /** Timeout for scrollbar fading */
+  __scrollbarFadeTimeout: null,
+
+  /** whether we've tried to wait for size already */
+  __didWaitForSize: null,
+  __sizerTimeout: null,
+
+  __initEventHandlers: function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Event Handler
+    var container = self.__container;
+
+    // save height when scroll view is shrunk so we don't need to reflow
+    var scrollViewOffsetHeight;
+
+    /**
+     * Shrink the scroll view when the keyboard is up if necessary and if the
+     * focused input is below the bottom of the shrunk scroll view, scroll it
+     * into view.
+     */
+    self.scrollChildIntoView = function(e) {
+      //console.log("scrollChildIntoView at: " + Date.now());
+
+      // D
+      var scrollBottomOffsetToTop = container.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
+      // D - A
+      scrollViewOffsetHeight = container.offsetHeight;
+      var alreadyShrunk = self.isShrunkForKeyboard;
+
+      var isModal = container.parentNode.classList.contains('modal');
+      // 680px is when the media query for 60% modal width kicks in
+      var isInsetModal = isModal && window.innerWidth >= 680;
+
+     /*
+      *  _______
+      * |---A---| <- top of scroll view
+      * |       |
+      * |---B---| <- keyboard
+      * |   C   | <- input
+      * |---D---| <- initial bottom of scroll view
+      * |___E___| <- bottom of viewport
+      *
+      *  All commented calculations relative to the top of the viewport (ie E
+      *  is the viewport height, not 0)
+      */
+      if (!alreadyShrunk) {
+        // shrink scrollview so we can actually scroll if the input is hidden
+        // if it isn't shrink so we can scroll to inputs under the keyboard
+        // inset modals won't shrink on Android on their own when the keyboard appears
+        if ( ionic.Platform.isIOS() || ionic.Platform.isFullScreen || isInsetModal ) {
+          // if there are things below the scroll view account for them and
+          // subtract them from the keyboard height when resizing
+          // E - D                         E                         D
+          var scrollBottomOffsetToBottom = e.detail.viewportHeight - scrollBottomOffsetToTop;
+
+          // 0 or D - B if D > B           E - B                     E - D
+          var keyboardOffset = Math.max(0, e.detail.keyboardHeight - scrollBottomOffsetToBottom);
+
+          ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+            // D - A or B - A if D > B       D - A             max(0, D - B)
+            scrollViewOffsetHeight = scrollViewOffsetHeight - keyboardOffset;
+            container.style.height = scrollViewOffsetHeight + "px";
+            container.style.overflow = "visible";
+
+            //update scroll view
+            self.resize();
+          });
+        }
+
+        self.isShrunkForKeyboard = true;
+      }
+
+      /*
+       *  _______
+       * |---A---| <- top of scroll view
+       * |   *   | <- where we want to scroll to
+       * |--B-D--| <- keyboard, bottom of scroll view
+       * |   C   | <- input
+       * |       |
+       * |___E___| <- bottom of viewport
+       *
+       *  All commented calculations relative to the top of the viewport (ie E
+       *  is the viewport height, not 0)
+       */
+      // if the element is positioned under the keyboard scroll it into view
+      if (e.detail.isElementUnderKeyboard) {
+
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+          container.scrollTop = 0;
+          // update D if we shrunk
+          if (self.isShrunkForKeyboard && !alreadyShrunk) {
+            scrollBottomOffsetToTop = container.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
+          }
+
+          // middle of the scrollview, this is where we want to scroll to
+          // (D - A) / 2
+          var scrollMidpointOffset = scrollViewOffsetHeight * 0.5;
+          //console.log("container.offsetHeight: " + scrollViewOffsetHeight);
+
+          // middle of the input we want to scroll into view
+          // C
+          var inputMidpoint = ((e.detail.elementBottom + e.detail.elementTop) / 2);
+
+          // distance from middle of input to the bottom of the scroll view
+          // C - D                                C               D
+          var inputMidpointOffsetToScrollBottom = inputMidpoint - scrollBottomOffsetToTop;
+
+          //C - D + (D - A)/2          C - D                     (D - A)/ 2
+          var scrollTop = inputMidpointOffsetToScrollBottom + scrollMidpointOffset;
+
+          if ( scrollTop > 0) {
+            if (ionic.Platform.isIOS()) ionic.tap.cloneFocusedInput(container, self);
+            self.scrollBy(0, scrollTop, true);
+            self.onScroll();
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Only the first scrollView parent of the element that broadcasted this event
+      // (the active element that needs to be shown) should receive this event
+      e.stopPropagation();
+    };
+
+    self.resetScrollView = function() {
+      //return scrollview to original height once keyboard has hidden
+      if ( self.isShrunkForKeyboard ) {
+        self.isShrunkForKeyboard = false;
+        container.style.height = "";
+        container.style.overflow = "";
+      }
+      self.resize();
+    };
+
+    //Broadcasted when keyboard is shown on some platforms.
+    //See js/utils/keyboard.js
+    container.addEventListener('scrollChildIntoView', self.scrollChildIntoView);
+
+    // Listen on document because container may not have had the last
+    // keyboardActiveElement, for example after closing a modal with a focused
+    // input and returning to a previously resized scroll view in an ion-content.
+    // Since we can only resize scroll views that are currently visible, just resize
+    // the current scroll view when the keyboard is closed.
+    document.addEventListener('resetScrollView', self.resetScrollView);
+
+    function getEventTouches(e) {
+      return e.touches && e.touches.length ? e.touches : [{
+        pageX: e.pageX,
+        pageY: e.pageY
+      }];
+    }
+
+    self.touchStart = function(e) {
+      self.startCoordinates = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(e);
+
+      if ( ionic.tap.ignoreScrollStart(e) ) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      self.__isDown = true;
+
+      if ( ionic.tap.containsOrIsTextInput(e.target) || e.target.tagName === 'SELECT' ) {
+        // do not start if the target is a text input
+        // if there is a touchmove on this input, then we can start the scroll
+        self.__hasStarted = false;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      self.__isSelectable = true;
+      self.__enableScrollY = true;
+      self.__hasStarted = true;
+      self.doTouchStart(getEventTouches(e), e.timeStamp);
+      e.preventDefault();
+    };
+
+    self.touchMove = function(e) {
+      if (self.options.freeze || !self.__isDown ||
+        (!self.__isDown && e.defaultPrevented) ||
+        (e.target.tagName === 'TEXTAREA' && e.target.parentElement.querySelector(':focus')) ) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if ( !self.__hasStarted && ( ionic.tap.containsOrIsTextInput(e.target) || e.target.tagName === 'SELECT' ) ) {
+        // the target is a text input and scroll has started
+        // since the text input doesn't start on touchStart, do it here
+        self.__hasStarted = true;
+        self.doTouchStart(getEventTouches(e), e.timeStamp);
+        e.preventDefault();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (self.startCoordinates) {
+        // we have start coordinates, so get this touch move's current coordinates
+        var currentCoordinates = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(e);
+
+        if ( self.__isSelectable &&
+            ionic.tap.isTextInput(e.target) &&
+            Math.abs(self.startCoordinates.x - currentCoordinates.x) > 20 ) {
+          // user slid the text input's caret on its x axis, disable any future y scrolling
+          self.__enableScrollY = false;
+          self.__isSelectable = true;
+        }
+
+        if ( self.__enableScrollY && Math.abs(self.startCoordinates.y - currentCoordinates.y) > 10 ) {
+          // user scrolled the entire view on the y axis
+          // disabled being able to select text on an input
+          // hide the input which has focus, and show a cloned one that doesn't have focus
+          self.__isSelectable = false;
+          ionic.tap.cloneFocusedInput(container, self);
+        }
+      }
+
+      self.doTouchMove(getEventTouches(e), e.timeStamp, e.scale);
+      self.__isDown = true;
+    };
+
+    self.touchMoveBubble = function(e) {
+      if(self.__isDown && self.options.preventDefault) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+      }
+    };
+
+    self.touchEnd = function(e) {
+      if (!self.__isDown) return;
+
+      self.doTouchEnd(e, e.timeStamp);
+      self.__isDown = false;
+      self.__hasStarted = false;
+      self.__isSelectable = true;
+      self.__enableScrollY = true;
+
+      if ( !self.__isDragging && !self.__isDecelerating && !self.__isAnimating ) {
+        ionic.tap.removeClonedInputs(container, self);
+      }
+    };
+
+    self.mouseWheel = ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(e) {
+      var scrollParent = ionic.DomUtil.getParentOrSelfWithClass(e.target, 'ionic-scroll');
+      if (!self.options.freeze && scrollParent === self.__container) {
+
+        self.hintResize();
+        self.scrollBy(
+          (e.wheelDeltaX || e.deltaX || 0) / self.options.wheelDampen,
+          (-e.wheelDeltaY || e.deltaY || 0) / self.options.wheelDampen
+        );
+
+        self.__fadeScrollbars('in');
+        clearTimeout(self.__wheelHideBarTimeout);
+        self.__wheelHideBarTimeout = setTimeout(function() {
+          self.__fadeScrollbars('out');
+        }, 100);
+      }
+    });
+
+    if ('ontouchstart' in window) {
+      // Touch Events
+      container.addEventListener("touchstart", self.touchStart, false);
+      if(self.options.preventDefault) container.addEventListener("touchmove", self.touchMoveBubble, false);
+      document.addEventListener("touchmove", self.touchMove, false);
+      document.addEventListener("touchend", self.touchEnd, false);
+      document.addEventListener("touchcancel", self.touchEnd, false);
+
+    } else if (window.navigator.pointerEnabled) {
+      // Pointer Events
+      container.addEventListener("pointerdown", self.touchStart, false);
+      if(self.options.preventDefault) container.addEventListener("pointermove", self.touchMoveBubble, false);
+      document.addEventListener("pointermove", self.touchMove, false);
+      document.addEventListener("pointerup", self.touchEnd, false);
+      document.addEventListener("pointercancel", self.touchEnd, false);
+      document.addEventListener("wheel", self.mouseWheel, false);
+
+    } else if (window.navigator.msPointerEnabled) {
+      // IE10, WP8 (Pointer Events)
+      container.addEventListener("MSPointerDown", self.touchStart, false);
+      if(self.options.preventDefault) container.addEventListener("MSPointerMove", self.touchMoveBubble, false);
+      document.addEventListener("MSPointerMove", self.touchMove, false);
+      document.addEventListener("MSPointerUp", self.touchEnd, false);
+      document.addEventListener("MSPointerCancel", self.touchEnd, false);
+      document.addEventListener("wheel", self.mouseWheel, false);
+
+    } else {
+      // Mouse Events
+      var mousedown = false;
+
+      self.mouseDown = function(e) {
+        if ( ionic.tap.ignoreScrollStart(e) || e.target.tagName === 'SELECT' ) {
+          return;
+        }
+        self.doTouchStart(getEventTouches(e), e.timeStamp);
+
+        if ( !ionic.tap.isTextInput(e.target) ) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+        }
+        mousedown = true;
+      };
+
+      self.mouseMove = function(e) {
+        if (self.options.freeze || !mousedown || (!mousedown && e.defaultPrevented)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        self.doTouchMove(getEventTouches(e), e.timeStamp);
+
+        mousedown = true;
+      };
+
+      self.mouseMoveBubble = function(e) {
+        if (mousedown && self.options.preventDefault) {
+          e.preventDefault();
+        }
+      };
+
+      self.mouseUp = function(e) {
+        if (!mousedown) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        self.doTouchEnd(e, e.timeStamp);
+
+        mousedown = false;
+      };
+
+      container.addEventListener("mousedown", self.mouseDown, false);
+      if(self.options.preventDefault) container.addEventListener("mousemove", self.mouseMoveBubble, false);
+      document.addEventListener("mousemove", self.mouseMove, false);
+      document.addEventListener("mouseup", self.mouseUp, false);
+      document.addEventListener('mousewheel', self.mouseWheel, false);
+      document.addEventListener('wheel', self.mouseWheel, false);
+    }
+  },
+
+  __cleanup: function() {
+    var self = this;
+    var container = self.__container;
+
+    container.removeEventListener('touchstart', self.touchStart);
+    container.removeEventListener('touchmove', self.touchMoveBubble);
+    document.removeEventListener('touchmove', self.touchMove);
+    document.removeEventListener('touchend', self.touchEnd);
+    document.removeEventListener('touchcancel', self.touchCancel);
+
+    container.removeEventListener("pointerdown", self.touchStart);
+    container.removeEventListener("pointermove", self.touchMoveBubble);
+    document.removeEventListener("pointermove", self.touchMove);
+    document.removeEventListener("pointerup", self.touchEnd);
+    document.removeEventListener("pointercancel", self.touchEnd);
+
+    container.removeEventListener("MSPointerDown", self.touchStart);
+    container.removeEventListener("MSPointerMove", self.touchMoveBubble);
+    document.removeEventListener("MSPointerMove", self.touchMove);
+    document.removeEventListener("MSPointerUp", self.touchEnd);
+    document.removeEventListener("MSPointerCancel", self.touchEnd);
+
+    container.removeEventListener("mousedown", self.mouseDown);
+    container.removeEventListener("mousemove", self.mouseMoveBubble);
+    document.removeEventListener("mousemove", self.mouseMove);
+    document.removeEventListener("mouseup", self.mouseUp);
+    document.removeEventListener('mousewheel', self.mouseWheel);
+    document.removeEventListener('wheel', self.mouseWheel);
+
+    container.removeEventListener('scrollChildIntoView', self.scrollChildIntoView);
+    document.removeEventListener('resetScrollView', self.resetScrollView);
+
+    ionic.tap.removeClonedInputs(container, self);
+
+    delete self.__container;
+    delete self.__content;
+    delete self.__indicatorX;
+    delete self.__indicatorY;
+    delete self.options.el;
+
+    self.__callback = self.scrollChildIntoView = self.resetScrollView = NOOP;
+
+    self.mouseMove = self.mouseDown = self.mouseUp = self.mouseWheel =
+      self.touchStart = self.touchMove = self.touchEnd = self.touchCancel = NOOP;
+
+    self.resize = self.scrollTo = self.zoomTo =
+      self.__scrollingComplete = NOOP;
+    container = null;
+  },
+
+  /** Create a scroll bar div with the given direction **/
+  __createScrollbar: function(direction) {
+    var bar = document.createElement('div'),
+      indicator = document.createElement('div');
+
+    indicator.className = 'scroll-bar-indicator scroll-bar-fade-out';
+
+    if (direction == 'h') {
+      bar.className = 'scroll-bar scroll-bar-h';
+    } else {
+      bar.className = 'scroll-bar scroll-bar-v';
+    }
+
+    bar.appendChild(indicator);
+    return bar;
+  },
+
+  __createScrollbars: function() {
+    var self = this;
+    var indicatorX, indicatorY;
+
+    if (self.options.scrollingX) {
+      indicatorX = {
+        el: self.__createScrollbar('h'),
+        sizeRatio: 1
+      };
+      indicatorX.indicator = indicatorX.el.children[0];
+
+      if (self.options.scrollbarX) {
+        self.__container.appendChild(indicatorX.el);
+      }
+      self.__indicatorX = indicatorX;
+    }
+
+    if (self.options.scrollingY) {
+      indicatorY = {
+        el: self.__createScrollbar('v'),
+        sizeRatio: 1
+      };
+      indicatorY.indicator = indicatorY.el.children[0];
+
+      if (self.options.scrollbarY) {
+        self.__container.appendChild(indicatorY.el);
+      }
+      self.__indicatorY = indicatorY;
+    }
+  },
+
+  __resizeScrollbars: function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Update horiz bar
+    if (self.__indicatorX) {
+      var width = Math.max(Math.round(self.__clientWidth * self.__clientWidth / (self.__contentWidth)), 20);
+      if (width > self.__contentWidth) {
+        width = 0;
+      }
+      if (width !== self.__indicatorX.size) {
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+          self.__indicatorX.indicator.style.width = width + 'px';
+        });
+      }
+      self.__indicatorX.size = width;
+      self.__indicatorX.minScale = self.options.minScrollbarSizeX / width;
+      self.__indicatorX.maxPos = self.__clientWidth - width;
+      self.__indicatorX.sizeRatio = self.__maxScrollLeft ? self.__indicatorX.maxPos / self.__maxScrollLeft : 1;
+    }
+
+    // Update vert bar
+    if (self.__indicatorY) {
+      var height = Math.max(Math.round(self.__clientHeight * self.__clientHeight / (self.__contentHeight)), 20);
+      if (height > self.__contentHeight) {
+        height = 0;
+      }
+      if (height !== self.__indicatorY.size) {
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function(){
+          self.__indicatorY && (self.__indicatorY.indicator.style.height = height + 'px');
+        });
+      }
+      self.__indicatorY.size = height;
+      self.__indicatorY.minScale = self.options.minScrollbarSizeY / height;
+      self.__indicatorY.maxPos = self.__clientHeight - height;
+      self.__indicatorY.sizeRatio = self.__maxScrollTop ? self.__indicatorY.maxPos / self.__maxScrollTop : 1;
+    }
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Move and scale the scrollbars as the page scrolls.
+   */
+  __repositionScrollbars: function() {
+    var self = this,
+        heightScale, widthScale,
+        widthDiff, heightDiff,
+        x, y,
+        xstop = 0, ystop = 0;
+
+    if (self.__indicatorX) {
+      // Handle the X scrollbar
+
+      // Don't go all the way to the right if we have a vertical scrollbar as well
+      if (self.__indicatorY) xstop = 10;
+
+      x = Math.round(self.__indicatorX.sizeRatio * self.__scrollLeft) || 0;
+
+      // The the difference between the last content X position, and our overscrolled one
+      widthDiff = self.__scrollLeft - (self.__maxScrollLeft - xstop);
+
+      if (self.__scrollLeft < 0) {
+
+        widthScale = Math.max(self.__indicatorX.minScale,
+            (self.__indicatorX.size - Math.abs(self.__scrollLeft)) / self.__indicatorX.size);
+
+        // Stay at left
+        x = 0;
+
+        // Make sure scale is transformed from the left/center origin point
+        self.__indicatorX.indicator.style[self.__transformOriginProperty] = 'left center';
+      } else if (widthDiff > 0) {
+
+        widthScale = Math.max(self.__indicatorX.minScale,
+            (self.__indicatorX.size - widthDiff) / self.__indicatorX.size);
+
+        // Stay at the furthest x for the scrollable viewport
+        x = self.__indicatorX.maxPos - xstop;
+
+        // Make sure scale is transformed from the right/center origin point
+        self.__indicatorX.indicator.style[self.__transformOriginProperty] = 'right center';
+
+      } else {
+
+        // Normal motion
+        x = Math.min(self.__maxScrollLeft, Math.max(0, x));
+        widthScale = 1;
+
+      }
+
+      var translate3dX = 'translate3d(' + x + 'px, 0, 0) scaleX(' + widthScale + ')';
+      if (self.__indicatorX.transformProp !== translate3dX) {
+        self.__indicatorX.indicator.style[self.__transformProperty] = translate3dX;
+        self.__indicatorX.transformProp = translate3dX;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (self.__indicatorY) {
+
+      y = Math.round(self.__indicatorY.sizeRatio * self.__scrollTop) || 0;
+
+      // Don't go all the way to the right if we have a vertical scrollbar as well
+      if (self.__indicatorX) ystop = 10;
+
+      heightDiff = self.__scrollTop - (self.__maxScrollTop - ystop);
+
+      if (self.__scrollTop < 0) {
+
+        heightScale = Math.max(self.__indicatorY.minScale, (self.__indicatorY.size - Math.abs(self.__scrollTop)) / self.__indicatorY.size);
+
+        // Stay at top
+        y = 0;
+
+        // Make sure scale is transformed from the center/top origin point
+        if (self.__indicatorY.originProp !== 'center top') {
+          self.__indicatorY.indicator.style[self.__transformOriginProperty] = 'center top';
+          self.__indicatorY.originProp = 'center top';
+        }
+
+      } else if (heightDiff > 0) {
+
+        heightScale = Math.max(self.__indicatorY.minScale, (self.__indicatorY.size - heightDiff) / self.__indicatorY.size);
+
+        // Stay at bottom of scrollable viewport
+        y = self.__indicatorY.maxPos - ystop;
+
+        // Make sure scale is transformed from the center/bottom origin point
+        if (self.__indicatorY.originProp !== 'center bottom') {
+          self.__indicatorY.indicator.style[self.__transformOriginProperty] = 'center bottom';
+          self.__indicatorY.originProp = 'center bottom';
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        // Normal motion
+        y = Math.min(self.__maxScrollTop, Math.max(0, y));
+        heightScale = 1;
+
+      }
+
+      var translate3dY = 'translate3d(0,' + y + 'px, 0) scaleY(' + heightScale + ')';
+      if (self.__indicatorY.transformProp !== translate3dY) {
+        self.__indicatorY.indicator.style[self.__transformProperty] = translate3dY;
+        self.__indicatorY.transformProp = translate3dY;
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  __fadeScrollbars: function(direction, delay) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    if (!self.options.scrollbarsFade) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var className = 'scroll-bar-fade-out';
+
+    if (self.options.scrollbarsFade === true) {
+      clearTimeout(self.__scrollbarFadeTimeout);
+
+      if (direction == 'in') {
+        if (self.__indicatorX) { self.__indicatorX.indicator.classList.remove(className); }
+        if (self.__indicatorY) { self.__indicatorY.indicator.classList.remove(className); }
+      } else {
+        self.__scrollbarFadeTimeout = setTimeout(function() {
+          if (self.__indicatorX) { self.__indicatorX.indicator.classList.add(className); }
+          if (self.__indicatorY) { self.__indicatorY.indicator.classList.add(className); }
+        }, delay || self.options.scrollbarFadeDelay);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  __scrollingComplete: function() {
+    this.options.scrollingComplete();
+    ionic.tap.removeClonedInputs(this.__container, this);
+    this.__fadeScrollbars('out');
+  },
+
+  resize: function(continueScrolling) {
+    var self = this;
+    if (!self.__container || !self.options) return;
+
+    // Update Scroller dimensions for changed content
+    // Add padding to bottom of content
+    self.setDimensions(
+      self.__container.clientWidth,
+      self.__container.clientHeight,
+      self.options.getContentWidth(),
+      self.options.getContentHeight(),
+      continueScrolling
+    );
+  },
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    PUBLIC API
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  getRenderFn: function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    var content = self.__content;
+
+    var docStyle = document.documentElement.style;
+
+    var engine;
+    if ('MozAppearance' in docStyle) {
+      engine = 'gecko';
+    } else if ('WebkitAppearance' in docStyle) {
+      engine = 'webkit';
+    } else if (typeof navigator.cpuClass === 'string') {
+      engine = 'trident';
+    }
+
+    var vendorPrefix = {
+      trident: 'ms',
+      gecko: 'Moz',
+      webkit: 'Webkit',
+      presto: 'O'
+    }[engine];
+
+    var helperElem = document.createElement("div");
+    var undef;
+
+    var perspectiveProperty = vendorPrefix + "Perspective";
+    var transformProperty = vendorPrefix + "Transform";
+    var transformOriginProperty = vendorPrefix + 'TransformOrigin';
+
+    self.__perspectiveProperty = transformProperty;
+    self.__transformProperty = transformProperty;
+    self.__transformOriginProperty = transformOriginProperty;
+
+    if (helperElem.style[perspectiveProperty] !== undef) {
+
+      return function(left, top, zoom, wasResize) {
+        var translate3d = 'translate3d(' + (-left) + 'px,' + (-top) + 'px,0) scale(' + zoom + ')';
+        if (translate3d !== self.contentTransform) {
+          content.style[transformProperty] = translate3d;
+          self.contentTransform = translate3d;
+        }
+        self.__repositionScrollbars();
+        if (!wasResize) {
+          self.triggerScrollEvent();
+        }
+      };
+
+    } else if (helperElem.style[transformProperty] !== undef) {
+
+      return function(left, top, zoom, wasResize) {
+        content.style[transformProperty] = 'translate(' + (-left) + 'px,' + (-top) + 'px) scale(' + zoom + ')';
+        self.__repositionScrollbars();
+        if (!wasResize) {
+          self.triggerScrollEvent();
+        }
+      };
+
+    } else {
+
+      return function(left, top, zoom, wasResize) {
+        content.style.marginLeft = left ? (-left / zoom) + 'px' : '';
+        content.style.marginTop = top ? (-top / zoom) + 'px' : '';
+        content.style.zoom = zoom || '';
+        self.__repositionScrollbars();
+        if (!wasResize) {
+          self.triggerScrollEvent();
+        }
+      };
+
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Configures the dimensions of the client (outer) and content (inner) elements.
+   * Requires the available space for the outer element and the outer size of the inner element.
+   * All values which are falsy (null or zero etc.) are ignored and the old value is kept.
+   *
+   * @param clientWidth {Integer} Inner width of outer element
+   * @param clientHeight {Integer} Inner height of outer element
+   * @param contentWidth {Integer} Outer width of inner element
+   * @param contentHeight {Integer} Outer height of inner element
+   */
+  setDimensions: function(clientWidth, clientHeight, contentWidth, contentHeight, continueScrolling) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    if (!clientWidth && !clientHeight && !contentWidth && !contentHeight) {
+      // this scrollview isn't rendered, don't bother
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Only update values which are defined
+    if (clientWidth === +clientWidth) {
+      self.__clientWidth = clientWidth;
+    }
+
+    if (clientHeight === +clientHeight) {
+      self.__clientHeight = clientHeight;
+    }
+
+    if (contentWidth === +contentWidth) {
+      self.__contentWidth = contentWidth;
+    }
+
+    if (contentHeight === +contentHeight) {
+      self.__contentHeight = contentHeight;
+    }
+
+    // Refresh maximums
+    self.__computeScrollMax();
+    self.__resizeScrollbars();
+
+    // Refresh scroll position
+    if (!continueScrolling) {
+      self.scrollTo(self.__scrollLeft, self.__scrollTop, true, null, true);
+    }
+
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the client coordinates in relation to the document.
+   *
+   * @param left {Integer} Left position of outer element
+   * @param top {Integer} Top position of outer element
+   */
+  setPosition: function(left, top) {
+    this.__clientLeft = left || 0;
+    this.__clientTop = top || 0;
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Configures the snapping (when snapping is active)
+   *
+   * @param width {Integer} Snapping width
+   * @param height {Integer} Snapping height
+   */
+  setSnapSize: function(width, height) {
+    this.__snapWidth = width;
+    this.__snapHeight = height;
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Activates pull-to-refresh. A special zone on the top of the list to start a list refresh whenever
+   * the user event is released during visibility of this zone. This was introduced by some apps on iOS like
+   * the official Twitter client.
+   *
+   * @param height {Integer} Height of pull-to-refresh zone on top of rendered list
+   * @param activateCallback {Function} Callback to execute on activation. This is for signalling the user about a refresh is about to happen when he release.
+   * @param deactivateCallback {Function} Callback to execute on deactivation. This is for signalling the user about the refresh being cancelled.
+   * @param startCallback {Function} Callback to execute to start the real async refresh action. Call {@link #finishPullToRefresh} after finish of refresh.
+   * @param showCallback {Function} Callback to execute when the refresher should be shown. This is for showing the refresher during a negative scrollTop.
+   * @param hideCallback {Function} Callback to execute when the refresher should be hidden. This is for hiding the refresher when it's behind the nav bar.
+   * @param tailCallback {Function} Callback to execute just before the refresher returns to it's original state. This is for zooming out the refresher.
+   * @param pullProgressCallback Callback to state the progress while pulling to refresh
+   */
+  activatePullToRefresh: function(height, refresherMethods) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    self.__refreshHeight = height;
+    self.__refreshActivate = function() { ionic.requestAnimationFrame(refresherMethods.activate); };
+    self.__refreshDeactivate = function() { ionic.requestAnimationFrame(refresherMethods.deactivate); };
+    self.__refreshStart = function() { ionic.requestAnimationFrame(refresherMethods.start); };
+    self.__refreshShow = function() { ionic.requestAnimationFrame(refresherMethods.show); };
+    self.__refreshHide = function() { ionic.requestAnimationFrame(refresherMethods.hide); };
+    self.__refreshTail = function() { ionic.requestAnimationFrame(refresherMethods.tail); };
+    self.__refreshTailTime = 100;
+    self.__minSpinTime = 600;
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Starts pull-to-refresh manually.
+   */
+  triggerPullToRefresh: function() {
+    // Use publish instead of scrollTo to allow scrolling to out of boundary position
+    // We don't need to normalize scrollLeft, zoomLevel, etc. here because we only y-scrolling when pull-to-refresh is enabled
+    this.__publish(this.__scrollLeft, -this.__refreshHeight, this.__zoomLevel, true);
+
+    var d = new Date();
+    this.refreshStartTime = d.getTime();
+
+    if (this.__refreshStart) {
+      this.__refreshStart();
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Signalizes that pull-to-refresh is finished.
+   */
+  finishPullToRefresh: function() {
+    var self = this;
+    // delay to make sure the spinner has a chance to spin for a split second before it's dismissed
+    var d = new Date();
+    var delay = 0;
+    if (self.refreshStartTime + self.__minSpinTime > d.getTime()) {
+      delay = self.refreshStartTime + self.__minSpinTime - d.getTime();
+    }
+    setTimeout(function() {
+      if (self.__refreshTail) {
+        self.__refreshTail();
+      }
+      setTimeout(function() {
+        self.__refreshActive = false;
+        if (self.__refreshDeactivate) {
+          self.__refreshDeactivate();
+        }
+        if (self.__refreshHide) {
+          self.__refreshHide();
+        }
+
+        self.scrollTo(self.__scrollLeft, self.__scrollTop, true);
+      }, self.__refreshTailTime);
+    }, delay);
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the scroll position and zooming values
+   *
+   * @return {Map} `left` and `top` scroll position and `zoom` level
+   */
+  getValues: function() {
+    return {
+      left: this.__scrollLeft,
+      top: this.__scrollTop,
+      zoom: this.__zoomLevel
+    };
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the maximum scroll values
+   *
+   * @return {Map} `left` and `top` maximum scroll values
+   */
+  getScrollMax: function() {
+    return {
+      left: this.__maxScrollLeft,
+      top: this.__maxScrollTop
+    };
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Zooms to the given level. Supports optional animation. Zooms
+   * the center when no coordinates are given.
+   *
+   * @param level {Number} Level to zoom to
+   * @param animate {Boolean} Whether to use animation
+   * @param originLeft {Number} Zoom in at given left coordinate
+   * @param originTop {Number} Zoom in at given top coordinate
+   */
+  zoomTo: function(level, animate, originLeft, originTop) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    if (!self.options.zooming) {
+      throw new Error("Zooming is not enabled!");
+    }
+
+    // Stop deceleration
+    if (self.__isDecelerating) {
+      zyngaCore.effect.Animate.stop(self.__isDecelerating);
+      self.__isDecelerating = false;
+    }
+
+    var oldLevel = self.__zoomLevel;
+
+    // Normalize input origin to center of viewport if not defined
+    if (originLeft == null) {
+      originLeft = self.__clientWidth / 2;
+    }
+
+    if (originTop == null) {
+      originTop = self.__clientHeight / 2;
+    }
+
+    // Limit level according to configuration
+    level = Math.max(Math.min(level, self.options.maxZoom), self.options.minZoom);
+
+    // Recompute maximum values while temporary tweaking maximum scroll ranges
+    self.__computeScrollMax(level);
+
+    // Recompute left and top coordinates based on new zoom level
+    var left = ((originLeft + self.__scrollLeft) * level / oldLevel) - originLeft;
+    var top = ((originTop + self.__scrollTop) * level / oldLevel) - originTop;
+
+    // Limit x-axis
+    if (left > self.__maxScrollLeft) {
+      left = self.__maxScrollLeft;
+    } else if (left < 0) {
+      left = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Limit y-axis
+    if (top > self.__maxScrollTop) {
+      top = self.__maxScrollTop;
+    } else if (top < 0) {
+      top = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Push values out
+    self.__publish(left, top, level, animate);
+
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Zooms the content by the given factor.
+   *
+   * @param factor {Number} Zoom by given factor
+   * @param animate {Boolean} Whether to use animation
+   * @param originLeft {Number} Zoom in at given left coordinate
+   * @param originTop {Number} Zoom in at given top coordinate
+   */
+  zoomBy: function(factor, animate, originLeft, originTop) {
+    this.zoomTo(this.__zoomLevel * factor, animate, originLeft, originTop);
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Scrolls to the given position. Respect limitations and snapping automatically.
+   *
+   * @param left {Number} Horizontal scroll position, keeps current if value is <code>null</code>
+   * @param top {Number} Vertical scroll position, keeps current if value is <code>null</code>
+   * @param animate {Boolean} Whether the scrolling should happen using an animation
+   * @param zoom {Number} Zoom level to go to
+   */
+  scrollTo: function(left, top, animate, zoom, wasResize) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Stop deceleration
+    if (self.__isDecelerating) {
+      zyngaCore.effect.Animate.stop(self.__isDecelerating);
+      self.__isDecelerating = false;
+    }
+
+    // Correct coordinates based on new zoom level
+    if (zoom != null && zoom !== self.__zoomLevel) {
+
+      if (!self.options.zooming) {
+        throw new Error("Zooming is not enabled!");
+      }
+
+      left *= zoom;
+      top *= zoom;
+
+      // Recompute maximum values while temporary tweaking maximum scroll ranges
+      self.__computeScrollMax(zoom);
+
+    } else {
+
+      // Keep zoom when not defined
+      zoom = self.__zoomLevel;
+
+    }
+
+    if (!self.options.scrollingX) {
+
+      left = self.__scrollLeft;
+
+    } else {
+
+      if (self.options.paging) {
+        left = Math.round(left / self.__clientWidth) * self.__clientWidth;
+      } else if (self.options.snapping) {
+        left = Math.round(left / self.__snapWidth) * self.__snapWidth;
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    if (!self.options.scrollingY) {
+
+      top = self.__scrollTop;
+
+    } else {
+
+      if (self.options.paging) {
+        top = Math.round(top / self.__clientHeight) * self.__clientHeight;
+      } else if (self.options.snapping) {
+        top = Math.round(top / self.__snapHeight) * self.__snapHeight;
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    // Limit for allowed ranges
+    left = Math.max(Math.min(self.__maxScrollLeft, left), 0);
+    top = Math.max(Math.min(self.__maxScrollTop, top), 0);
+
+    // Don't animate when no change detected, still call publish to make sure
+    // that rendered position is really in-sync with internal data
+    if (left === self.__scrollLeft && top === self.__scrollTop) {
+      animate = false;
+    }
+
+    // Publish new values
+    self.__publish(left, top, zoom, animate, wasResize);
+
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Scroll by the given offset
+   *
+   * @param left {Number} Scroll x-axis by given offset
+   * @param top {Number} Scroll y-axis by given offset
+   * @param animate {Boolean} Whether to animate the given change
+   */
+  scrollBy: function(left, top, animate) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    var startLeft = self.__isAnimating ? self.__scheduledLeft : self.__scrollLeft;
+    var startTop = self.__isAnimating ? self.__scheduledTop : self.__scrollTop;
+
+    self.scrollTo(startLeft + (left || 0), startTop + (top || 0), animate);
+  },
+
+
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    EVENT CALLBACKS
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /**
+   * Mouse wheel handler for zooming support
+   */
+  doMouseZoom: function(wheelDelta, timeStamp, pageX, pageY) {
+    var change = wheelDelta > 0 ? 0.97 : 1.03;
+    return this.zoomTo(this.__zoomLevel * change, false, pageX - this.__clientLeft, pageY - this.__clientTop);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Touch start handler for scrolling support
+   */
+  doTouchStart: function(touches, timeStamp) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // remember if the deceleration was just stopped
+    self.__decStopped = !!(self.__isDecelerating || self.__isAnimating);
+
+    self.hintResize();
+
+    if (timeStamp instanceof Date) {
+      timeStamp = timeStamp.valueOf();
+    }
+    if (typeof timeStamp !== "number") {
+      timeStamp = Date.now();
+    }
+
+    // Reset interruptedAnimation flag
+    self.__interruptedAnimation = true;
+
+    // Stop deceleration
+    if (self.__isDecelerating) {
+      zyngaCore.effect.Animate.stop(self.__isDecelerating);
+      self.__isDecelerating = false;
+      self.__interruptedAnimation = true;
+    }
+
+    // Stop animation
+    if (self.__isAnimating) {
+      zyngaCore.effect.Animate.stop(self.__isAnimating);
+      self.__isAnimating = false;
+      self.__interruptedAnimation = true;
+    }
+
+    // Use center point when dealing with two fingers
+    var currentTouchLeft, currentTouchTop;
+    var isSingleTouch = touches.length === 1;
+    if (isSingleTouch) {
+      currentTouchLeft = touches[0].pageX;
+      currentTouchTop = touches[0].pageY;
+    } else {
+      currentTouchLeft = Math.abs(touches[0].pageX + touches[1].pageX) / 2;
+      currentTouchTop = Math.abs(touches[0].pageY + touches[1].pageY) / 2;
+    }
+
+    // Store initial positions
+    self.__initialTouchLeft = currentTouchLeft;
+    self.__initialTouchTop = currentTouchTop;
+
+    // Store initial touchList for scale calculation
+    self.__initialTouches = touches;
+
+    // Store current zoom level
+    self.__zoomLevelStart = self.__zoomLevel;
+
+    // Store initial touch positions
+    self.__lastTouchLeft = currentTouchLeft;
+    self.__lastTouchTop = currentTouchTop;
+
+    // Store initial move time stamp
+    self.__lastTouchMove = timeStamp;
+
+    // Reset initial scale
+    self.__lastScale = 1;
+
+    // Reset locking flags
+    self.__enableScrollX = !isSingleTouch && self.options.scrollingX;
+    self.__enableScrollY = !isSingleTouch && self.options.scrollingY;
+
+    // Reset tracking flag
+    self.__isTracking = true;
+
+    // Reset deceleration complete flag
+    self.__didDecelerationComplete = false;
+
+    // Dragging starts directly with two fingers, otherwise lazy with an offset
+    self.__isDragging = !isSingleTouch;
+
+    // Some features are disabled in multi touch scenarios
+    self.__isSingleTouch = isSingleTouch;
+
+    // Clearing data structure
+    self.__positions = [];
+
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Touch move handler for scrolling support
+   */
+  doTouchMove: function(touches, timeStamp, scale) {
+    if (timeStamp instanceof Date) {
+      timeStamp = timeStamp.valueOf();
+    }
+    if (typeof timeStamp !== "number") {
+      timeStamp = Date.now();
+    }
+
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Ignore event when tracking is not enabled (event might be outside of element)
+    if (!self.__isTracking) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var currentTouchLeft, currentTouchTop;
+
+    // Compute move based around of center of fingers
+    if (touches.length === 2) {
+      currentTouchLeft = Math.abs(touches[0].pageX + touches[1].pageX) / 2;
+      currentTouchTop = Math.abs(touches[0].pageY + touches[1].pageY) / 2;
+
+      // Calculate scale when not present and only when touches are used
+      if (!scale && self.options.zooming) {
+        scale = self.__getScale(self.__initialTouches, touches);
+      }
+    } else {
+      currentTouchLeft = touches[0].pageX;
+      currentTouchTop = touches[0].pageY;
+    }
+
+    var positions = self.__positions;
+
+    // Are we already is dragging mode?
+    if (self.__isDragging) {
+        self.__decStopped = false;
+
+      // Compute move distance
+      var moveX = currentTouchLeft - self.__lastTouchLeft;
+      var moveY = currentTouchTop - self.__lastTouchTop;
+
+      // Read previous scroll position and zooming
+      var scrollLeft = self.__scrollLeft;
+      var scrollTop = self.__scrollTop;
+      var level = self.__zoomLevel;
+
+      // Work with scaling
+      if (scale != null && self.options.zooming) {
+
+        var oldLevel = level;
+
+        // Recompute level based on previous scale and new scale
+        level = level / self.__lastScale * scale;
+
+        // Limit level according to configuration
+        level = Math.max(Math.min(level, self.options.maxZoom), self.options.minZoom);
+
+        // Only do further compution when change happened
+        if (oldLevel !== level) {
+
+          // Compute relative event position to container
+          var currentTouchLeftRel = currentTouchLeft - self.__clientLeft;
+          var currentTouchTopRel = currentTouchTop - self.__clientTop;
+
+          // Recompute left and top coordinates based on new zoom level
+          scrollLeft = ((currentTouchLeftRel + scrollLeft) * level / oldLevel) - currentTouchLeftRel;
+          scrollTop = ((currentTouchTopRel + scrollTop) * level / oldLevel) - currentTouchTopRel;
+
+          // Recompute max scroll values
+          self.__computeScrollMax(level);
+
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (self.__enableScrollX) {
+
+        scrollLeft -= moveX * self.options.speedMultiplier;
+        var maxScrollLeft = self.__maxScrollLeft;
+
+        if (scrollLeft > maxScrollLeft || scrollLeft < 0) {
+
+          // Slow down on the edges
+          if (self.options.bouncing) {
+
+            scrollLeft += (moveX / 2 * self.options.speedMultiplier);
+
+          } else if (scrollLeft > maxScrollLeft) {
+
+            scrollLeft = maxScrollLeft;
+
+          } else {
+
+            scrollLeft = 0;
+
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Compute new vertical scroll position
+      if (self.__enableScrollY) {
+
+        scrollTop -= moveY * self.options.speedMultiplier;
+        var maxScrollTop = self.__maxScrollTop;
+
+        if (scrollTop > maxScrollTop || scrollTop < 0) {
+
+          // Slow down on the edges
+          if (self.options.bouncing || (self.__refreshHeight && scrollTop < 0)) {
+
+            scrollTop += (moveY / 2 * self.options.speedMultiplier);
+
+            // Support pull-to-refresh (only when only y is scrollable)
+            if (!self.__enableScrollX && self.__refreshHeight != null) {
+
+              // hide the refresher when it's behind the header bar in case of header transparency
+              if (scrollTop < 0) {
+                self.__refreshHidden = false;
+                self.__refreshShow();
+              } else {
+                self.__refreshHide();
+                self.__refreshHidden = true;
+              }
+
+              if (!self.__refreshActive && scrollTop <= -self.__refreshHeight) {
+
+                self.__refreshActive = true;
+                if (self.__refreshActivate) {
+                  self.__refreshActivate();
+                }
+
+              } else if (self.__refreshActive && scrollTop > -self.__refreshHeight) {
+
+                self.__refreshActive = false;
+                if (self.__refreshDeactivate) {
+                  self.__refreshDeactivate();
+                }
+
+              }
+            }
+
+          } else if (scrollTop > maxScrollTop) {
+
+            scrollTop = maxScrollTop;
+
+          } else {
+
+            scrollTop = 0;
+
+          }
+        } else if (self.__refreshHeight && !self.__refreshHidden) {
+          // if a positive scroll value and the refresher is still not hidden, hide it
+          self.__refreshHide();
+          self.__refreshHidden = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Keep list from growing infinitely (holding min 10, max 20 measure points)
+      if (positions.length > 60) {
+        positions.splice(0, 30);
+      }
+
+      // Track scroll movement for decleration
+      positions.push(scrollLeft, scrollTop, timeStamp);
+
+      // Sync scroll position
+      self.__publish(scrollLeft, scrollTop, level);
+
+    // Otherwise figure out whether we are switching into dragging mode now.
+    } else {
+
+      var minimumTrackingForScroll = self.options.locking ? 3 : 0;
+      var minimumTrackingForDrag = 5;
+
+      var distanceX = Math.abs(currentTouchLeft - self.__initialTouchLeft);
+      var distanceY = Math.abs(currentTouchTop - self.__initialTouchTop);
+
+      self.__enableScrollX = self.options.scrollingX && distanceX >= minimumTrackingForScroll;
+      self.__enableScrollY = self.options.scrollingY && distanceY >= minimumTrackingForScroll;
+
+      positions.push(self.__scrollLeft, self.__scrollTop, timeStamp);
+
+      self.__isDragging = (self.__enableScrollX || self.__enableScrollY) && (distanceX >= minimumTrackingForDrag || distanceY >= minimumTrackingForDrag);
+      if (self.__isDragging) {
+        self.__interruptedAnimation = false;
+        self.__fadeScrollbars('in');
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    // Update last touch positions and time stamp for next event
+    self.__lastTouchLeft = currentTouchLeft;
+    self.__lastTouchTop = currentTouchTop;
+    self.__lastTouchMove = timeStamp;
+    self.__lastScale = scale;
+
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Touch end handler for scrolling support
+   */
+  doTouchEnd: function(e, timeStamp) {
+    if (timeStamp instanceof Date) {
+      timeStamp = timeStamp.valueOf();
+    }
+    if (typeof timeStamp !== "number") {
+      timeStamp = Date.now();
+    }
+
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Ignore event when tracking is not enabled (no touchstart event on element)
+    // This is required as this listener ('touchmove') sits on the document and not on the element itself.
+    if (!self.__isTracking) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Not touching anymore (when two finger hit the screen there are two touch end events)
+    self.__isTracking = false;
+
+    // Be sure to reset the dragging flag now. Here we also detect whether
+    // the finger has moved fast enough to switch into a deceleration animation.
+    if (self.__isDragging) {
+
+      // Reset dragging flag
+      self.__isDragging = false;
+
+      // Start deceleration
+      // Verify that the last move detected was in some relevant time frame
+      if (self.__isSingleTouch && self.options.animating && (timeStamp - self.__lastTouchMove) <= 100) {
+
+        // Then figure out what the scroll position was about 100ms ago
+        var positions = self.__positions;
+        var endPos = positions.length - 1;
+        var startPos = endPos;
+
+        // Move pointer to position measured 100ms ago
+        for (var i = endPos; i > 0 && positions[i] > (self.__lastTouchMove - 100); i -= 3) {
+          startPos = i;
+        }
+
+        // If start and stop position is identical in a 100ms timeframe,
+        // we cannot compute any useful deceleration.
+        if (startPos !== endPos) {
+
+          // Compute relative movement between these two points
+          var timeOffset = positions[endPos] - positions[startPos];
+          var movedLeft = self.__scrollLeft - positions[startPos - 2];
+          var movedTop = self.__scrollTop - positions[startPos - 1];
+
+          // Based on 50ms compute the movement to apply for each render step
+          self.__decelerationVelocityX = movedLeft / timeOffset * (1000 / 60);
+          self.__decelerationVelocityY = movedTop / timeOffset * (1000 / 60);
+
+          // How much velocity is required to start the deceleration
+          var minVelocityToStartDeceleration = self.options.paging || self.options.snapping ? self.options.decelVelocityThresholdPaging : self.options.decelVelocityThreshold;
+
+          // Verify that we have enough velocity to start deceleration
+          if (Math.abs(self.__decelerationVelocityX) > minVelocityToStartDeceleration || Math.abs(self.__decelerationVelocityY) > minVelocityToStartDeceleration) {
+
+            // Deactivate pull-to-refresh when decelerating
+            if (!self.__refreshActive) {
+              self.__startDeceleration(timeStamp);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          self.__scrollingComplete();
+        }
+      } else if ((timeStamp - self.__lastTouchMove) > 100) {
+        self.__scrollingComplete();
+      }
+
+    } else if (self.__decStopped) {
+      // the deceleration was stopped
+      // user flicked the scroll fast, and stop dragging, then did a touchstart to stop the srolling
+      // tell the touchend event code to do nothing, we don't want to actually send a click
+      e.isTapHandled = true;
+      self.__decStopped = false;
+    }
+
+    // If this was a slower move it is per default non decelerated, but this
+    // still means that we want snap back to the bounds which is done here.
+    // This is placed outside the condition above to improve edge case stability
+    // e.g. touchend fired without enabled dragging. This should normally do not
+    // have modified the scroll positions or even showed the scrollbars though.
+    if (!self.__isDecelerating) {
+
+      if (self.__refreshActive && self.__refreshStart) {
+
+        // Use publish instead of scrollTo to allow scrolling to out of boundary position
+        // We don't need to normalize scrollLeft, zoomLevel, etc. here because we only y-scrolling when pull-to-refresh is enabled
+        self.__publish(self.__scrollLeft, -self.__refreshHeight, self.__zoomLevel, true);
+
+        var d = new Date();
+        self.refreshStartTime = d.getTime();
+
+        if (self.__refreshStart) {
+          self.__refreshStart();
+        }
+        // for iOS-ey style scrolling
+        if (!ionic.Platform.isAndroid())self.__startDeceleration();
+      } else {
+
+        if (self.__interruptedAnimation || self.__isDragging) {
+          self.__scrollingComplete();
+        }
+        self.scrollTo(self.__scrollLeft, self.__scrollTop, true, self.__zoomLevel);
+
+        // Directly signalize deactivation (nothing todo on refresh?)
+        if (self.__refreshActive) {
+
+          self.__refreshActive = false;
+          if (self.__refreshDeactivate) {
+            self.__refreshDeactivate();
+          }
+
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Fully cleanup list
+    self.__positions.length = 0;
+
+  },
+
+
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    PRIVATE API
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /**
+   * Applies the scroll position to the content element
+   *
+   * @param left {Number} Left scroll position
+   * @param top {Number} Top scroll position
+   * @param animate {Boolean} Whether animation should be used to move to the new coordinates
+   */
+  __publish: function(left, top, zoom, animate, wasResize) {
+
+    var self = this;
+
+    // Remember whether we had an animation, then we try to continue based on the current "drive" of the animation
+    var wasAnimating = self.__isAnimating;
+    if (wasAnimating) {
+      zyngaCore.effect.Animate.stop(wasAnimating);
+      self.__isAnimating = false;
+    }
+
+    if (animate && self.options.animating) {
+
+      // Keep scheduled positions for scrollBy/zoomBy functionality
+      self.__scheduledLeft = left;
+      self.__scheduledTop = top;
+      self.__scheduledZoom = zoom;
+
+      var oldLeft = self.__scrollLeft;
+      var oldTop = self.__scrollTop;
+      var oldZoom = self.__zoomLevel;
+
+      var diffLeft = left - oldLeft;
+      var diffTop = top - oldTop;
+      var diffZoom = zoom - oldZoom;
+
+      var step = function(percent, now, render) {
+
+        if (render) {
+
+          self.__scrollLeft = oldLeft + (diffLeft * percent);
+          self.__scrollTop = oldTop + (diffTop * percent);
+          self.__zoomLevel = oldZoom + (diffZoom * percent);
+
+          // Push values out
+          if (self.__callback) {
+            self.__callback(self.__scrollLeft, self.__scrollTop, self.__zoomLevel, wasResize);
+          }
+
+        }
+      };
+
+      var verify = function(id) {
+        return self.__isAnimating === id;
+      };
+
+      var completed = function(renderedFramesPerSecond, animationId, wasFinished) {
+        if (animationId === self.__isAnimating) {
+          self.__isAnimating = false;
+        }
+        if (self.__didDecelerationComplete || wasFinished) {
+          self.__scrollingComplete();
+        }
+
+        if (self.options.zooming) {
+          self.__computeScrollMax();
+        }
+      };
+
+      // When continuing based on previous animation we choose an ease-out animation instead of ease-in-out
+      self.__isAnimating = zyngaCore.effect.Animate.start(step, verify, completed, self.options.animationDuration, wasAnimating ? easeOutCubic : easeInOutCubic);
+
+    } else {
+
+      self.__scheduledLeft = self.__scrollLeft = left;
+      self.__scheduledTop = self.__scrollTop = top;
+      self.__scheduledZoom = self.__zoomLevel = zoom;
+
+      // Push values out
+      if (self.__callback) {
+        self.__callback(left, top, zoom, wasResize);
+      }
+
+      // Fix max scroll ranges
+      if (self.options.zooming) {
+        self.__computeScrollMax();
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Recomputes scroll minimum values based on client dimensions and content dimensions.
+   */
+  __computeScrollMax: function(zoomLevel) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    if (zoomLevel == null) {
+      zoomLevel = self.__zoomLevel;
+    }
+
+    self.__maxScrollLeft = Math.max((self.__contentWidth * zoomLevel) - self.__clientWidth, 0);
+    self.__maxScrollTop = Math.max((self.__contentHeight * zoomLevel) - self.__clientHeight, 0);
+
+    if (!self.__didWaitForSize && !self.__maxScrollLeft && !self.__maxScrollTop) {
+      self.__didWaitForSize = true;
+      self.__waitForSize();
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * If the scroll view isn't sized correctly on start, wait until we have at least some size
+   */
+  __waitForSize: function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    clearTimeout(self.__sizerTimeout);
+
+    var sizer = function() {
+      self.resize(true);
+    };
+
+    sizer();
+    self.__sizerTimeout = setTimeout(sizer, 500);
+  },
+
+  /*
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ANIMATION (DECELERATION) SUPPORT
+  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  */
+
+  /**
+   * Called when a touch sequence end and the speed of the finger was high enough
+   * to switch into deceleration mode.
+   */
+  __startDeceleration: function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    if (self.options.paging) {
+
+      var scrollLeft = Math.max(Math.min(self.__scrollLeft, self.__maxScrollLeft), 0);
+      var scrollTop = Math.max(Math.min(self.__scrollTop, self.__maxScrollTop), 0);
+      var clientWidth = self.__clientWidth;
+      var clientHeight = self.__clientHeight;
+
+      // We limit deceleration not to the min/max values of the allowed range, but to the size of the visible client area.
+      // Each page should have exactly the size of the client area.
+      self.__minDecelerationScrollLeft = Math.floor(scrollLeft / clientWidth) * clientWidth;
+      self.__minDecelerationScrollTop = Math.floor(scrollTop / clientHeight) * clientHeight;
+      self.__maxDecelerationScrollLeft = Math.ceil(scrollLeft / clientWidth) * clientWidth;
+      self.__maxDecelerationScrollTop = Math.ceil(scrollTop / clientHeight) * clientHeight;
+
+    } else {
+
+      self.__minDecelerationScrollLeft = 0;
+      self.__minDecelerationScrollTop = 0;
+      self.__maxDecelerationScrollLeft = self.__maxScrollLeft;
+      self.__maxDecelerationScrollTop = self.__maxScrollTop;
+      if (self.__refreshActive) self.__minDecelerationScrollTop = self.__refreshHeight * -1;
+    }
+
+    // Wrap class method
+    var step = function(percent, now, render) {
+      self.__stepThroughDeceleration(render);
+    };
+
+    // How much velocity is required to keep the deceleration running
+    self.__minVelocityToKeepDecelerating = self.options.snapping ? 4 : 0.1;
+
+    // Detect whether it's still worth to continue animating steps
+    // If we are already slow enough to not being user perceivable anymore, we stop the whole process here.
+    var verify = function() {
+      var shouldContinue = Math.abs(self.__decelerationVelocityX) >= self.__minVelocityToKeepDecelerating ||
+        Math.abs(self.__decelerationVelocityY) >= self.__minVelocityToKeepDecelerating;
+      if (!shouldContinue) {
+        self.__didDecelerationComplete = true;
+
+        //Make sure the scroll values are within the boundaries after a bounce,
+        //not below 0 or above maximum
+        if (self.options.bouncing && !self.__refreshActive) {
+          self.scrollTo(
+            Math.min( Math.max(self.__scrollLeft, 0), self.__maxScrollLeft ),
+            Math.min( Math.max(self.__scrollTop, 0), self.__maxScrollTop ),
+            self.__refreshActive
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      return shouldContinue;
+    };
+
+    var completed = function() {
+      self.__isDecelerating = false;
+      if (self.__didDecelerationComplete) {
+        self.__scrollingComplete();
+      }
+
+      // Animate to grid when snapping is active, otherwise just fix out-of-boundary positions
+      if (self.options.paging) {
+        self.scrollTo(self.__scrollLeft, self.__scrollTop, self.options.snapping);
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Start animation and switch on flag
+    self.__isDecelerating = zyngaCore.effect.Animate.start(step, verify, completed);
+
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * Called on every step of the animation
+   *
+   * @param inMemory {Boolean} Whether to not render the current step, but keep it in memory only. Used internally only!
+   */
+  __stepThroughDeceleration: function(render) {
+    var self = this;
+
+
+    //
+    // COMPUTE NEXT SCROLL POSITION
+    //
+
+    // Add deceleration to scroll position
+    var scrollLeft = self.__scrollLeft + self.__decelerationVelocityX;// * self.options.deceleration);
+    var scrollTop = self.__scrollTop + self.__decelerationVelocityY;// * self.options.deceleration);
+
+
+    //
+    // HARD LIMIT SCROLL POSITION FOR NON BOUNCING MODE
+    //
+
+    if (!self.options.bouncing) {
+
+      var scrollLeftFixed = Math.max(Math.min(self.__maxDecelerationScrollLeft, scrollLeft), self.__minDecelerationScrollLeft);
+      if (scrollLeftFixed !== scrollLeft) {
+        scrollLeft = scrollLeftFixed;
+        self.__decelerationVelocityX = 0;
+      }
+
+      var scrollTopFixed = Math.max(Math.min(self.__maxDecelerationScrollTop, scrollTop), self.__minDecelerationScrollTop);
+      if (scrollTopFixed !== scrollTop) {
+        scrollTop = scrollTopFixed;
+        self.__decelerationVelocityY = 0;
+      }
+
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // UPDATE SCROLL POSITION
+    //
+
+    if (render) {
+
+      self.__publish(scrollLeft, scrollTop, self.__zoomLevel);
+
+    } else {
+
+      self.__scrollLeft = scrollLeft;
+      self.__scrollTop = scrollTop;
+
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // SLOW DOWN
+    //
+
+    // Slow down velocity on every iteration
+    if (!self.options.paging) {
+
+      // This is the factor applied to every iteration of the animation
+      // to slow down the process. This should emulate natural behavior where
+      // objects slow down when the initiator of the movement is removed
+      var frictionFactor = self.options.deceleration;
+
+      self.__decelerationVelocityX *= frictionFactor;
+      self.__decelerationVelocityY *= frictionFactor;
+
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // BOUNCING SUPPORT
+    //
+
+    if (self.options.bouncing) {
+
+      var scrollOutsideX = 0;
+      var scrollOutsideY = 0;
+
+      // This configures the amount of change applied to deceleration/acceleration when reaching boundaries
+      var penetrationDeceleration = self.options.penetrationDeceleration;
+      var penetrationAcceleration = self.options.penetrationAcceleration;
+
+      // Check limits
+      if (scrollLeft < self.__minDecelerationScrollLeft) {
+        scrollOutsideX = self.__minDecelerationScrollLeft - scrollLeft;
+      } else if (scrollLeft > self.__maxDecelerationScrollLeft) {
+        scrollOutsideX = self.__maxDecelerationScrollLeft - scrollLeft;
+      }
+
+      if (scrollTop < self.__minDecelerationScrollTop) {
+        scrollOutsideY = self.__minDecelerationScrollTop - scrollTop;
+      } else if (scrollTop > self.__maxDecelerationScrollTop) {
+        scrollOutsideY = self.__maxDecelerationScrollTop - scrollTop;
+      }
+
+      // Slow down until slow enough, then flip back to snap position
+      if (scrollOutsideX !== 0) {
+        var isHeadingOutwardsX = scrollOutsideX * self.__decelerationVelocityX <= self.__minDecelerationScrollLeft;
+        if (isHeadingOutwardsX) {
+          self.__decelerationVelocityX += scrollOutsideX * penetrationDeceleration;
+        }
+        var isStoppedX = Math.abs(self.__decelerationVelocityX) <= self.__minVelocityToKeepDecelerating;
+        //If we're not heading outwards, or if the above statement got us below minDeceleration, go back towards bounds
+        if (!isHeadingOutwardsX || isStoppedX) {
+          self.__decelerationVelocityX = scrollOutsideX * penetrationAcceleration;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (scrollOutsideY !== 0) {
+        var isHeadingOutwardsY = scrollOutsideY * self.__decelerationVelocityY <= self.__minDecelerationScrollTop;
+        if (isHeadingOutwardsY) {
+          self.__decelerationVelocityY += scrollOutsideY * penetrationDeceleration;
+        }
+        var isStoppedY = Math.abs(self.__decelerationVelocityY) <= self.__minVelocityToKeepDecelerating;
+        //If we're not heading outwards, or if the above statement got us below minDeceleration, go back towards bounds
+        if (!isHeadingOutwardsY || isStoppedY) {
+          self.__decelerationVelocityY = scrollOutsideY * penetrationAcceleration;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * calculate the distance between two touches
+   * @param   {Touch}     touch1
+   * @param   {Touch}     touch2
+   * @returns {Number}    distance
+   */
+  __getDistance: function getDistance(touch1, touch2) {
+    var x = touch2.pageX - touch1.pageX,
+    y = touch2.pageY - touch1.pageY;
+    return Math.sqrt((x * x) + (y * y));
+  },
+
+
+  /**
+   * calculate the scale factor between two touchLists (fingers)
+   * no scale is 1, and goes down to 0 when pinched together, and bigger when pinched out
+   * @param   {Array}     start
+   * @param   {Array}     end
+   * @returns {Number}    scale
+   */
+  __getScale: function getScale(start, end) {
+    // need two fingers...
+    if (start.length >= 2 && end.length >= 2) {
+      return this.__getDistance(end[0], end[1]) /
+        this.__getDistance(start[0], start[1]);
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+});
+
+ionic.scroll = {
+  isScrolling: false,
+  lastTop: 0
+};
+
+})(ionic);
+
+(function(ionic) {
+  var NOOP = function() {};
+  var depreciated = function(name) {
+    void 0;
+  };
+  ionic.views.ScrollNative = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+
+    initialize: function(options) {
+      var self = this;
+      self.__container = self.el = options.el;
+      self.__content = options.el.firstElementChild;
+      self.isNative = true;
+
+      self.__scrollTop = self.el.scrollTop;
+      self.__scrollLeft = self.el.scrollLeft;
+      self.__clientHeight = self.__content.clientHeight;
+      self.__clientWidth = self.__content.clientWidth;
+      self.__maxScrollTop = Math.max((self.__contentHeight) - self.__clientHeight, 0);
+      self.__maxScrollLeft = Math.max((self.__contentWidth) - self.__clientWidth, 0);
+
+      self.options = {
+
+        freeze: false,
+
+        getContentWidth: function() {
+          return Math.max(self.__content.scrollWidth, self.__content.offsetWidth);
+        },
+
+        getContentHeight: function() {
+          return Math.max(self.__content.scrollHeight, self.__content.offsetHeight + (self.__content.offsetTop * 2));
+        }
+
+      };
+
+      for (var key in options) {
+        self.options[key] = options[key];
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Sets isScrolling to true, and automatically deactivates if not called again in 80ms.
+       */
+      self.onScroll = function() {
+        if (!ionic.scroll.isScrolling) {
+          ionic.scroll.isScrolling = true;
+        }
+
+        clearTimeout(self.scrollTimer);
+        self.scrollTimer = setTimeout(function() {
+          ionic.scroll.isScrolling = false;
+        }, 80);
+      };
+
+      self.freeze = NOOP;
+
+      self.__initEventHandlers();
+    },
+
+    /**  Methods not used in native scrolling */
+    __callback: function() { depreciated('__callback'); },
+    zoomTo: function() { depreciated('zoomTo'); },
+    zoomBy: function() { depreciated('zoomBy'); },
+    activatePullToRefresh: function() { depreciated('activatePullToRefresh'); },
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the scroll position and zooming values
+     *
+     * @return {Map} `left` and `top` scroll position and `zoom` level
+     */
+    resize: function(continueScrolling) {
+      var self = this;
+      if (!self.__container || !self.options) return;
+
+      // Update Scroller dimensions for changed content
+      // Add padding to bottom of content
+      self.setDimensions(
+        self.__container.clientWidth,
+        self.__container.clientHeight,
+        self.options.getContentWidth(),
+        self.options.getContentHeight(),
+        continueScrolling
+      );
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the scrollview
+     * In native scrolling, this only means we need to gather size information
+     */
+    run: function() {
+      this.resize();
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the scroll position and zooming values
+     *
+     * @return {Map} `left` and `top` scroll position and `zoom` level
+     */
+    getValues: function() {
+      var self = this;
+      self.update();
+      return {
+        left: self.__scrollLeft,
+        top: self.__scrollTop,
+        zoom: 1
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the __scrollLeft and __scrollTop values to el's current value
+     */
+    update: function() {
+      var self = this;
+      self.__scrollLeft = self.el.scrollLeft;
+      self.__scrollTop = self.el.scrollTop;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Configures the dimensions of the client (outer) and content (inner) elements.
+     * Requires the available space for the outer element and the outer size of the inner element.
+     * All values which are falsy (null or zero etc.) are ignored and the old value is kept.
+     *
+     * @param clientWidth {Integer} Inner width of outer element
+     * @param clientHeight {Integer} Inner height of outer element
+     * @param contentWidth {Integer} Outer width of inner element
+     * @param contentHeight {Integer} Outer height of inner element
+     */
+    setDimensions: function(clientWidth, clientHeight, contentWidth, contentHeight) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      if (!clientWidth && !clientHeight && !contentWidth && !contentHeight) {
+        // this scrollview isn't rendered, don't bother
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Only update values which are defined
+      if (clientWidth === +clientWidth) {
+        self.__clientWidth = clientWidth;
+      }
+
+      if (clientHeight === +clientHeight) {
+        self.__clientHeight = clientHeight;
+      }
+
+      if (contentWidth === +contentWidth) {
+        self.__contentWidth = contentWidth;
+      }
+
+      if (contentHeight === +contentHeight) {
+        self.__contentHeight = contentHeight;
+      }
+
+      // Refresh maximums
+      self.__computeScrollMax();
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum scroll values
+     *
+     * @return {Map} `left` and `top` maximum scroll values
+     */
+    getScrollMax: function() {
+      return {
+        left: this.__maxScrollLeft,
+        top: this.__maxScrollTop
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Scrolls by the given amount in px.
+     *
+     * @param left {Number} Horizontal scroll position, keeps current if value is <code>null</code>
+     * @param top {Number} Vertical scroll position, keeps current if value is <code>null</code>
+     * @param animate {Boolean} Whether the scrolling should happen using an animation
+     */
+
+    scrollBy: function(left, top, animate) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      // update scroll vars before refferencing them
+      self.update();
+
+      var startLeft = self.__isAnimating ? self.__scheduledLeft : self.__scrollLeft;
+      var startTop = self.__isAnimating ? self.__scheduledTop : self.__scrollTop;
+
+      self.scrollTo(startLeft + (left || 0), startTop + (top || 0), animate);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Scrolls to the given position in px.
+     *
+     * @param left {Number} Horizontal scroll position, keeps current if value is <code>null</code>
+     * @param top {Number} Vertical scroll position, keeps current if value is <code>null</code>
+     * @param animate {Boolean} Whether the scrolling should happen using an animation
+     */
+    scrollTo: function(left, top, animate) {
+      var self = this;
+      if (!animate) {
+        self.el.scrollTop = top;
+        self.el.scrollLeft = left;
+        self.resize();
+        return;
+      }
+      animateScroll(top, left);
+
+      function animateScroll(Y, X) {
+        // scroll animation loop w/ easing
+        // credit https://gist.github.com/dezinezync/5487119
+        var start = Date.now(),
+          duration = 1000, //milliseconds
+          fromY = self.el.scrollTop,
+          fromX = self.el.scrollLeft;
+
+        if (fromY === Y && fromX === X) {
+          self.resize();
+          return; /* Prevent scrolling to the Y point if already there */
+        }
+
+        // decelerating to zero velocity
+        function easeOutCubic(t) {
+          return (--t) * t * t + 1;
+        }
+
+        // scroll loop
+        function animateScrollStep() {
+          var currentTime = Date.now(),
+            time = Math.min(1, ((currentTime - start) / duration)),
+          // where .5 would be 50% of time on a linear scale easedT gives a
+          // fraction based on the easing method
+            easedT = easeOutCubic(time);
+
+          if (fromY != Y) {
+            self.el.scrollTop = parseInt((easedT * (Y - fromY)) + fromY, 10);
+          }
+          if (fromX != X) {
+            self.el.scrollLeft = parseInt((easedT * (X - fromX)) + fromX, 10);
+          }
+
+          if (time < 1) {
+            ionic.requestAnimationFrame(animateScrollStep);
+
+          } else {
+            // done
+            self.resize();
+          }
+        }
+
+        // start scroll loop
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(animateScrollStep);
+      }
+    },
+
+
+
+    /*
+     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     PRIVATE API
+     ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * If the scroll view isn't sized correctly on start, wait until we have at least some size
+     */
+    __waitForSize: function() {
+      var self = this;
+
+      clearTimeout(self.__sizerTimeout);
+
+      var sizer = function() {
+        self.resize(true);
+      };
+
+      sizer();
+      self.__sizerTimeout = setTimeout(sizer, 500);
+    },
+
+
+    /**
+     * Recomputes scroll minimum values based on client dimensions and content dimensions.
+     */
+    __computeScrollMax: function() {
+      var self = this;
+
+      self.__maxScrollLeft = Math.max((self.__contentWidth) - self.__clientWidth, 0);
+      self.__maxScrollTop = Math.max((self.__contentHeight) - self.__clientHeight, 0);
+
+      if (!self.__didWaitForSize && !self.__maxScrollLeft && !self.__maxScrollTop) {
+        self.__didWaitForSize = true;
+        self.__waitForSize();
+      }
+    },
+
+    __initEventHandlers: function() {
+      var self = this;
+
+      // Event Handler
+      var container = self.__container;
+
+      // should be unnecessary in native scrolling, but keep in case bugs show up
+      self.scrollChildIntoView = NOOP;
+
+      self.resetScrollView = function() {
+        //return scrollview to original height once keyboard has hidden
+        if (self.isScrolledIntoView) {
+          self.isScrolledIntoView = false;
+          container.style.height = "";
+          container.style.overflow = "";
+          self.resize();
+          ionic.scroll.isScrolling = false;
+        }
+      };
+
+      container.addEventListener('resetScrollView', self.resetScrollView);
+      container.addEventListener('scroll', self.onScroll);
+
+      //Broadcasted when keyboard is shown on some platforms.
+      //See js/utils/keyboard.js
+      container.addEventListener('scrollChildIntoView', self.scrollChildIntoView);
+      container.addEventListener('resetScrollView', self.resetScrollView);
+    },
+
+    __cleanup: function() {
+      var self = this;
+      var container = self.__container;
+
+      container.removeEventListener('resetScrollView', self.resetScrollView);
+      container.removeEventListener('scroll', self.onScroll);
+
+      container.removeEventListener('scrollChildIntoView', self.scrollChildIntoView);
+      container.removeEventListener('resetScrollView', self.resetScrollView);
+
+      ionic.tap.removeClonedInputs(container, self);
+
+      delete self.__container;
+      delete self.__content;
+      delete self.__indicatorX;
+      delete self.__indicatorY;
+      delete self.options.el;
+
+      self.resize = self.scrollTo = self.onScroll = self.resetScrollView = NOOP;
+      container = null;
+    }
+  });
+
+})(ionic);
+
+
+(function(ionic) {
+'use strict';
+
+  var ITEM_CLASS = 'item';
+  var ITEM_CONTENT_CLASS = 'item-content';
+  var ITEM_SLIDING_CLASS = 'item-sliding';
+  var ITEM_OPTIONS_CLASS = 'item-options';
+  var ITEM_PLACEHOLDER_CLASS = 'item-placeholder';
+  var ITEM_REORDERING_CLASS = 'item-reordering';
+  var ITEM_REORDER_BTN_CLASS = 'item-reorder';
+
+  var DragOp = function() {};
+  DragOp.prototype = {
+    start: function(){},
+    drag: function(){},
+    end: function(){},
+    isSameItem: function() {
+      return false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  var SlideDrag = function(opts) {
+    this.dragThresholdX = opts.dragThresholdX || 10;
+    this.el = opts.el;
+    this.item = opts.item;
+    this.canSwipe = opts.canSwipe;
+  };
+
+  SlideDrag.prototype = new DragOp();
+
+  SlideDrag.prototype.start = function(e) {
+    var content, buttons, offsetX, buttonsWidth;
+
+    if (!this.canSwipe()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (e.target.classList.contains(ITEM_CONTENT_CLASS)) {
+      content = e.target;
+    } else if (e.target.classList.contains(ITEM_CLASS)) {
+      content = e.target.querySelector('.' + ITEM_CONTENT_CLASS);
+    } else {
+      content = ionic.DomUtil.getParentWithClass(e.target, ITEM_CONTENT_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    // If we don't have a content area as one of our children (or ourselves), skip
+    if (!content) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Make sure we aren't animating as we slide
+    content.classList.remove(ITEM_SLIDING_CLASS);
+
+    // Grab the starting X point for the item (for example, so we can tell whether it is open or closed to start)
+    offsetX = parseFloat(content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM].replace('translate3d(', '').split(',')[0]) || 0;
+
+    // Grab the buttons
+    buttons = content.parentNode.querySelector('.' + ITEM_OPTIONS_CLASS);
+    if (!buttons) {
+      return;
+    }
+    buttons.classList.remove('invisible');
+
+    buttonsWidth = buttons.offsetWidth;
+
+    this._currentDrag = {
+      buttons: buttons,
+      buttonsWidth: buttonsWidth,
+      content: content,
+      startOffsetX: offsetX
+    };
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this is the same item that was previously dragged.
+   */
+  SlideDrag.prototype.isSameItem = function(op) {
+    if (op._lastDrag && this._currentDrag) {
+      return this._currentDrag.content == op._lastDrag.content;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  SlideDrag.prototype.clean = function(isInstant) {
+    var lastDrag = this._lastDrag;
+
+    if (!lastDrag || !lastDrag.content) return;
+
+    lastDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = '';
+    lastDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = '';
+    if (isInstant) {
+      lastDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = 'none';
+      makeInvisible();
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+        lastDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = '';
+      });
+    } else {
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+        setTimeout(makeInvisible, 250);
+      });
+    }
+    function makeInvisible() {
+      lastDrag.buttons && lastDrag.buttons.classList.add('invisible');
+    }
+  };
+
+  SlideDrag.prototype.drag = ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(e) {
+    var buttonsWidth;
+
+    // We really aren't dragging
+    if (!this._currentDrag) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Check if we should start dragging. Check if we've dragged past the threshold,
+    // or we are starting from the open state.
+    if (!this._isDragging &&
+        ((Math.abs(e.gesture.deltaX) > this.dragThresholdX) ||
+        (Math.abs(this._currentDrag.startOffsetX) > 0))) {
+      this._isDragging = true;
+    }
+
+    if (this._isDragging) {
+      buttonsWidth = this._currentDrag.buttonsWidth;
+
+      // Grab the new X point, capping it at zero
+      var newX = Math.min(0, this._currentDrag.startOffsetX + e.gesture.deltaX);
+
+      // If the new X position is past the buttons, we need to slow down the drag (rubber band style)
+      if (newX < -buttonsWidth) {
+        // Calculate the new X position, capped at the top of the buttons
+        newX = Math.min(-buttonsWidth, -buttonsWidth + (((e.gesture.deltaX + buttonsWidth) * 0.4)));
+      }
+
+      this._currentDrag.content.$$ionicOptionsOpen = newX !== 0;
+
+      this._currentDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + newX + 'px, 0, 0)';
+      this._currentDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = 'none';
+    }
+  });
+
+  SlideDrag.prototype.end = function(e, doneCallback) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    // There is no drag, just end immediately
+    if (!self._currentDrag) {
+      doneCallback && doneCallback();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // If we are currently dragging, we want to snap back into place
+    // The final resting point X will be the width of the exposed buttons
+    var restingPoint = -self._currentDrag.buttonsWidth;
+
+    // Check if the drag didn't clear the buttons mid-point
+    // and we aren't moving fast enough to swipe open
+    if (e.gesture.deltaX > -(self._currentDrag.buttonsWidth / 2)) {
+
+      // If we are going left but too slow, or going right, go back to resting
+      if (e.gesture.direction == "left" && Math.abs(e.gesture.velocityX) < 0.3) {
+        restingPoint = 0;
+
+      } else if (e.gesture.direction == "right") {
+        restingPoint = 0;
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      if (restingPoint === 0) {
+        self._currentDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = '';
+        var buttons = self._currentDrag.buttons;
+        setTimeout(function() {
+          buttons && buttons.classList.add('invisible');
+        }, 250);
+      } else {
+        self._currentDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + restingPoint + 'px,0,0)';
+      }
+      self._currentDrag.content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = '';
+
+
+      // Kill the current drag
+      if (!self._lastDrag) {
+        self._lastDrag = {};
+      }
+      ionic.extend(self._lastDrag, self._currentDrag);
+      if (self._currentDrag) {
+        self._currentDrag.buttons = null;
+        self._currentDrag.content = null;
+      }
+      self._currentDrag = null;
+
+      // We are done, notify caller
+      doneCallback && doneCallback();
+    });
+  };
+
+  var ReorderDrag = function(opts) {
+    var self = this;
+
+    self.dragThresholdY = opts.dragThresholdY || 0;
+    self.onReorder = opts.onReorder;
+    self.listEl = opts.listEl;
+    self.el = self.item = opts.el;
+    self.scrollEl = opts.scrollEl;
+    self.scrollView = opts.scrollView;
+    // Get the True Top of the list el http://www.quirksmode.org/js/findpos.html
+    self.listElTrueTop = 0;
+    if (self.listEl.offsetParent) {
+      var obj = self.listEl;
+      do {
+        self.listElTrueTop += obj.offsetTop;
+        obj = obj.offsetParent;
+      } while (obj);
+    }
+  };
+
+  ReorderDrag.prototype = new DragOp();
+
+  ReorderDrag.prototype._moveElement = function(e) {
+    var y = e.gesture.center.pageY +
+      this.scrollView.getValues().top -
+      (this._currentDrag.elementHeight / 2) -
+      this.listElTrueTop;
+    this.el.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(0, ' + y + 'px, 0)';
+  };
+
+  ReorderDrag.prototype.deregister = function() {
+    this.listEl = this.el = this.scrollEl = this.scrollView = null;
+  };
+
+  ReorderDrag.prototype.start = function(e) {
+
+    var startIndex = ionic.DomUtil.getChildIndex(this.el, this.el.nodeName.toLowerCase());
+    var elementHeight = this.el.scrollHeight;
+    var placeholder = this.el.cloneNode(true);
+
+    placeholder.classList.add(ITEM_PLACEHOLDER_CLASS);
+
+    this.el.parentNode.insertBefore(placeholder, this.el);
+    this.el.classList.add(ITEM_REORDERING_CLASS);
+
+    this._currentDrag = {
+      elementHeight: elementHeight,
+      startIndex: startIndex,
+      placeholder: placeholder,
+      scrollHeight: scroll,
+      list: placeholder.parentNode
+    };
+
+    this._moveElement(e);
+  };
+
+  ReorderDrag.prototype.drag = ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(e) {
+    // We really aren't dragging
+    var self = this;
+    if (!this._currentDrag) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var scrollY = 0;
+    var pageY = e.gesture.center.pageY;
+    var offset = this.listElTrueTop;
+
+    //If we have a scrollView, check scroll boundaries for dragged element and scroll if necessary
+    if (this.scrollView) {
+
+      var container = this.scrollView.__container;
+      scrollY = this.scrollView.getValues().top;
+
+      var containerTop = container.offsetTop;
+      var pixelsPastTop = containerTop - pageY + this._currentDrag.elementHeight / 2;
+      var pixelsPastBottom = pageY + this._currentDrag.elementHeight / 2 - containerTop - container.offsetHeight;
+
+      if (e.gesture.deltaY < 0 && pixelsPastTop > 0 && scrollY > 0) {
+        this.scrollView.scrollBy(null, -pixelsPastTop);
+        //Trigger another drag so the scrolling keeps going
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+          self.drag(e);
+        });
+      }
+      if (e.gesture.deltaY > 0 && pixelsPastBottom > 0) {
+        if (scrollY < this.scrollView.getScrollMax().top) {
+          this.scrollView.scrollBy(null, pixelsPastBottom);
+          //Trigger another drag so the scrolling keeps going
+          ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+            self.drag(e);
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check if we should start dragging. Check if we've dragged past the threshold,
+    // or we are starting from the open state.
+    if (!this._isDragging && Math.abs(e.gesture.deltaY) > this.dragThresholdY) {
+      this._isDragging = true;
+    }
+
+    if (this._isDragging) {
+      this._moveElement(e);
+
+      this._currentDrag.currentY = scrollY + pageY - offset;
+
+      // this._reorderItems();
+    }
+  });
+
+  // When an item is dragged, we need to reorder any items for sorting purposes
+  ReorderDrag.prototype._getReorderIndex = function() {
+    var self = this;
+
+    var siblings = Array.prototype.slice.call(self._currentDrag.placeholder.parentNode.children)
+      .filter(function(el) {
+        return el.nodeName === self.el.nodeName && el !== self.el;
+      });
+
+    var dragOffsetTop = self._currentDrag.currentY;
+    var el;
+    for (var i = 0, len = siblings.length; i < len; i++) {
+      el = siblings[i];
+      if (i === len - 1) {
+        if (dragOffsetTop > el.offsetTop) {
+          return i;
+        }
+      } else if (i === 0) {
+        if (dragOffsetTop < el.offsetTop + el.offsetHeight) {
+          return i;
+        }
+      } else if (dragOffsetTop > el.offsetTop - el.offsetHeight / 2 &&
+                 dragOffsetTop < el.offsetTop + el.offsetHeight) {
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+    return self._currentDrag.startIndex;
+  };
+
+  ReorderDrag.prototype.end = function(e, doneCallback) {
+    if (!this._currentDrag) {
+      doneCallback && doneCallback();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var placeholder = this._currentDrag.placeholder;
+    var finalIndex = this._getReorderIndex();
+
+    // Reposition the element
+    this.el.classList.remove(ITEM_REORDERING_CLASS);
+    this.el.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = '';
+
+    placeholder.parentNode.insertBefore(this.el, placeholder);
+    placeholder.parentNode.removeChild(placeholder);
+
+    this.onReorder && this.onReorder(this.el, this._currentDrag.startIndex, finalIndex);
+
+    this._currentDrag = {
+      placeholder: null,
+      content: null
+    };
+    this._currentDrag = null;
+    doneCallback && doneCallback();
+  };
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * The ListView handles a list of items. It will process drag animations, edit mode,
+   * and other operations that are common on mobile lists or table views.
+   */
+  ionic.views.ListView = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+    initialize: function(opts) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      opts = ionic.extend({
+        onReorder: function() {},
+        virtualRemoveThreshold: -200,
+        virtualAddThreshold: 200,
+        canSwipe: function() {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }, opts);
+
+      ionic.extend(self, opts);
+
+      if (!self.itemHeight && self.listEl) {
+        self.itemHeight = self.listEl.children[0] && parseInt(self.listEl.children[0].style.height, 10);
+      }
+
+      self.onRefresh = opts.onRefresh || function() {};
+      self.onRefreshOpening = opts.onRefreshOpening || function() {};
+      self.onRefreshHolding = opts.onRefreshHolding || function() {};
+
+      var gestureOpts = {};
+      // don't prevent native scrolling
+      if (ionic.DomUtil.getParentOrSelfWithClass(self.el, 'overflow-scroll')) {
+        gestureOpts.prevent_default_directions = ['left', 'right'];
+      }
+
+      window.ionic.onGesture('release', function(e) {
+        self._handleEndDrag(e);
+      }, self.el, gestureOpts);
+
+      window.ionic.onGesture('drag', function(e) {
+        self._handleDrag(e);
+      }, self.el, gestureOpts);
+      // Start the drag states
+      self._initDrag();
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Be sure to cleanup references.
+     */
+    deregister: function() {
+      this.el = this.listEl = this.scrollEl = this.scrollView = null;
+
+      // ensure no scrolls have been left frozen
+      if (this.isScrollFreeze) {
+        self.scrollView.freeze(false);
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Called to tell the list to stop refreshing. This is useful
+     * if you are refreshing the list and are done with refreshing.
+     */
+    stopRefreshing: function() {
+      var refresher = this.el.querySelector('.list-refresher');
+      refresher.style.height = '0';
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * If we scrolled and have virtual mode enabled, compute the window
+     * of active elements in order to figure out the viewport to render.
+     */
+    didScroll: function(e) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      if (self.isVirtual) {
+        var itemHeight = self.itemHeight;
+
+        // Grab the total height of the list
+        var scrollHeight = e.target.scrollHeight;
+
+        // Get the viewport height
+        var viewportHeight = self.el.parentNode.offsetHeight;
+
+        // High water is the pixel position of the first element to include (everything before
+        // that will be removed)
+        var highWater = Math.max(0, e.scrollTop + self.virtualRemoveThreshold);
+
+        // Low water is the pixel position of the last element to include (everything after
+        // that will be removed)
+        var lowWater = Math.min(scrollHeight, Math.abs(e.scrollTop) + viewportHeight + self.virtualAddThreshold);
+
+        // Get the first and last elements in the list based on how many can fit
+        // between the pixel range of lowWater and highWater
+        var first = parseInt(Math.abs(highWater / itemHeight), 10);
+        var last = parseInt(Math.abs(lowWater / itemHeight), 10);
+
+        // Get the items we need to remove
+        self._virtualItemsToRemove = Array.prototype.slice.call(self.listEl.children, 0, first);
+
+        self.renderViewport && self.renderViewport(highWater, lowWater, first, last);
+      }
+    },
+
+    didStopScrolling: function() {
+      if (this.isVirtual) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < this._virtualItemsToRemove.length; i++) {
+          //el.parentNode.removeChild(el);
+          this.didHideItem && this.didHideItem(i);
+        }
+        // Once scrolling stops, check if we need to remove old items
+
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Clear any active drag effects on the list.
+     */
+    clearDragEffects: function(isInstant) {
+      if (this._lastDragOp) {
+        this._lastDragOp.clean && this._lastDragOp.clean(isInstant);
+        this._lastDragOp.deregister && this._lastDragOp.deregister();
+        this._lastDragOp = null;
+      }
+    },
+
+    _initDrag: function() {
+      // Store the last one
+      if (this._lastDragOp) {
+        this._lastDragOp.deregister && this._lastDragOp.deregister();
+      }
+      this._lastDragOp = this._dragOp;
+
+      this._dragOp = null;
+    },
+
+    // Return the list item from the given target
+    _getItem: function(target) {
+      while (target) {
+        if (target.classList && target.classList.contains(ITEM_CLASS)) {
+          return target;
+        }
+        target = target.parentNode;
+      }
+      return null;
+    },
+
+
+    _startDrag: function(e) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      self._isDragging = false;
+
+      var lastDragOp = self._lastDragOp;
+      var item;
+
+      // If we have an open SlideDrag and we're scrolling the list. Clear it.
+      if (self._didDragUpOrDown && lastDragOp instanceof SlideDrag) {
+          lastDragOp.clean && lastDragOp.clean();
+      }
+
+      // Check if this is a reorder drag
+      if (ionic.DomUtil.getParentOrSelfWithClass(e.target, ITEM_REORDER_BTN_CLASS) && (e.gesture.direction == 'up' || e.gesture.direction == 'down')) {
+        item = self._getItem(e.target);
+
+        if (item) {
+          self._dragOp = new ReorderDrag({
+            listEl: self.el,
+            el: item,
+            scrollEl: self.scrollEl,
+            scrollView: self.scrollView,
+            onReorder: function(el, start, end) {
+              self.onReorder && self.onReorder(el, start, end);
+            }
+          });
+          self._dragOp.start(e);
+          e.preventDefault();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Or check if this is a swipe to the side drag
+      else if (!self._didDragUpOrDown && (e.gesture.direction == 'left' || e.gesture.direction == 'right') && Math.abs(e.gesture.deltaX) > 5) {
+
+        // Make sure this is an item with buttons
+        item = self._getItem(e.target);
+        if (item && item.querySelector('.item-options')) {
+          self._dragOp = new SlideDrag({
+            el: self.el,
+            item: item,
+            canSwipe: self.canSwipe
+          });
+          self._dragOp.start(e);
+          e.preventDefault();
+          self.isScrollFreeze = self.scrollView.freeze(true);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If we had a last drag operation and this is a new one on a different item, clean that last one
+      if (lastDragOp && self._dragOp && !self._dragOp.isSameItem(lastDragOp) && e.defaultPrevented) {
+        lastDragOp.clean && lastDragOp.clean();
+      }
+    },
+
+
+    _handleEndDrag: function(e) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      if (self.scrollView) {
+        self.isScrollFreeze = self.scrollView.freeze(false);
+      }
+
+      self._didDragUpOrDown = false;
+
+      if (!self._dragOp) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      self._dragOp.end(e, function() {
+        self._initDrag();
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Process the drag event to move the item to the left or right.
+     */
+    _handleDrag: function(e) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      if (Math.abs(e.gesture.deltaY) > 5) {
+        self._didDragUpOrDown = true;
+      }
+
+      // If we get a drag event, make sure we aren't in another drag, then check if we should
+      // start one
+      if (!self.isDragging && !self._dragOp) {
+        self._startDrag(e);
+      }
+
+      // No drag still, pass it up
+      if (!self._dragOp) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      e.gesture.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+      self._dragOp.drag(e);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+})(ionic);
+
+(function(ionic) {
+'use strict';
+
+  ionic.views.Modal = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+    initialize: function(opts) {
+      opts = ionic.extend({
+        focusFirstInput: false,
+        unfocusOnHide: true,
+        focusFirstDelay: 600,
+        backdropClickToClose: true,
+        hardwareBackButtonClose: true,
+      }, opts);
+
+      ionic.extend(this, opts);
+
+      this.el = opts.el;
+    },
+    show: function() {
+      var self = this;
+
+      if(self.focusFirstInput) {
+        // Let any animations run first
+        window.setTimeout(function() {
+          var input = self.el.querySelector('input, textarea');
+          input && input.focus && input.focus();
+        }, self.focusFirstDelay);
+      }
+    },
+    hide: function() {
+      // Unfocus all elements
+      if(this.unfocusOnHide) {
+        var inputs = this.el.querySelectorAll('input, textarea');
+        // Let any animations run first
+        window.setTimeout(function() {
+          for(var i = 0; i < inputs.length; i++) {
+            inputs[i].blur && inputs[i].blur();
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+})(ionic);
+
+(function(ionic) {
+'use strict';
+
+  /**
+   * The side menu view handles one of the side menu's in a Side Menu Controller
+   * configuration.
+   * It takes a DOM reference to that side menu element.
+   */
+  ionic.views.SideMenu = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+    initialize: function(opts) {
+      this.el = opts.el;
+      this.isEnabled = (typeof opts.isEnabled === 'undefined') ? true : opts.isEnabled;
+      this.setWidth(opts.width);
+    },
+    getFullWidth: function() {
+      return this.width;
+    },
+    setWidth: function(width) {
+      this.width = width;
+      this.el.style.width = width + 'px';
+    },
+    setIsEnabled: function(isEnabled) {
+      this.isEnabled = isEnabled;
+    },
+    bringUp: function() {
+      if(this.el.style.zIndex !== '0') {
+        this.el.style.zIndex = '0';
+      }
+    },
+    pushDown: function() {
+      if(this.el.style.zIndex !== '-1') {
+        this.el.style.zIndex = '-1';
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  ionic.views.SideMenuContent = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+    initialize: function(opts) {
+      ionic.extend(this, {
+        animationClass: 'menu-animated',
+        onDrag: function() {},
+        onEndDrag: function() {}
+      }, opts);
+
+      ionic.onGesture('drag', ionic.proxy(this._onDrag, this), this.el);
+      ionic.onGesture('release', ionic.proxy(this._onEndDrag, this), this.el);
+    },
+    _onDrag: function(e) {
+      this.onDrag && this.onDrag(e);
+    },
+    _onEndDrag: function(e) {
+      this.onEndDrag && this.onEndDrag(e);
+    },
+    disableAnimation: function() {
+      this.el.classList.remove(this.animationClass);
+    },
+    enableAnimation: function() {
+      this.el.classList.add(this.animationClass);
+    },
+    getTranslateX: function() {
+      return parseFloat(this.el.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM].replace('translate3d(', '').split(',')[0]);
+    },
+    setTranslateX: ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(x) {
+      this.el.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + x + 'px, 0, 0)';
+    })
+  });
+
+})(ionic);
+
+/*
+ * Adapted from Swipe.js 2.0
+ *
+ * Brad Birdsall
+ * Copyright 2013, MIT License
+ *
+*/
+
+(function(ionic) {
+'use strict';
+
+ionic.views.Slider = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+  initialize: function (options) {
+    var slider = this;
+
+    // utilities
+    var noop = function() {}; // simple no operation function
+    var offloadFn = function(fn) { setTimeout(fn || noop, 0); }; // offload a functions execution
+
+    // check browser capabilities
+    var browser = {
+      addEventListener: !!window.addEventListener,
+      touch: ('ontouchstart' in window) || window.DocumentTouch && document instanceof DocumentTouch,
+      transitions: (function(temp) {
+        var props = ['transitionProperty', 'WebkitTransition', 'MozTransition', 'OTransition', 'msTransition'];
+        for ( var i in props ) if (temp.style[ props[i] ] !== undefined) return true;
+        return false;
+      })(document.createElement('swipe'))
+    };
+
+
+    var container = options.el;
+
+    // quit if no root element
+    if (!container) return;
+    var element = container.children[0];
+    var slides, slidePos, width, length;
+    options = options || {};
+    var index = parseInt(options.startSlide, 10) || 0;
+    var speed = options.speed || 300;
+    options.continuous = options.continuous !== undefined ? options.continuous : true;
+
+    function setup() {
+
+      // do not setup if the container has no width
+      if (!container.offsetWidth) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // cache slides
+      slides = element.children;
+      length = slides.length;
+
+      // set continuous to false if only one slide
+      if (slides.length < 2) options.continuous = false;
+
+      //special case if two slides
+      if (browser.transitions && options.continuous && slides.length < 3) {
+        element.appendChild(slides[0].cloneNode(true));
+        element.appendChild(element.children[1].cloneNode(true));
+        slides = element.children;
+      }
+
+      // create an array to store current positions of each slide
+      slidePos = new Array(slides.length);
+
+      // determine width of each slide
+      width = container.offsetWidth || container.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+
+      element.style.width = (slides.length * width) + 'px';
+
+      // stack elements
+      var pos = slides.length;
+      while(pos--) {
+
+        var slide = slides[pos];
+
+        slide.style.width = width + 'px';
+        slide.setAttribute('data-index', pos);
+
+        if (browser.transitions) {
+          slide.style.left = (pos * -width) + 'px';
+          move(pos, index > pos ? -width : (index < pos ? width : 0), 0);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      // reposition elements before and after index
+      if (options.continuous && browser.transitions) {
+        move(circle(index - 1), -width, 0);
+        move(circle(index + 1), width, 0);
+      }
+
+      if (!browser.transitions) element.style.left = (index * -width) + 'px';
+
+      container.style.visibility = 'visible';
+
+      options.slidesChanged && options.slidesChanged();
+    }
+
+    function prev(slideSpeed) {
+
+      if (options.continuous) slide(index - 1, slideSpeed);
+      else if (index) slide(index - 1, slideSpeed);
+
+    }
+
+    function next(slideSpeed) {
+
+      if (options.continuous) slide(index + 1, slideSpeed);
+      else if (index < slides.length - 1) slide(index + 1, slideSpeed);
+
+    }
+
+    function circle(index) {
+
+      // a simple positive modulo using slides.length
+      return (slides.length + (index % slides.length)) % slides.length;
+
+    }
+
+    function slide(to, slideSpeed) {
+
+      // do nothing if already on requested slide
+      if (index == to) return;
+
+      if (browser.transitions) {
+
+        var direction = Math.abs(index - to) / (index - to); // 1: backward, -1: forward
+
+        // get the actual position of the slide
+        if (options.continuous) {
+          var naturalDirection = direction;
+          direction = -slidePos[circle(to)] / width;
+
+          // if going forward but to < index, use to = slides.length + to
+          // if going backward but to > index, use to = -slides.length + to
+          if (direction !== naturalDirection) to = -direction * slides.length + to;
+
+        }
+
+        var diff = Math.abs(index - to) - 1;
+
+        // move all the slides between index and to in the right direction
+        while (diff--) move( circle((to > index ? to : index) - diff - 1), width * direction, 0);
+
+        to = circle(to);
+
+        move(index, width * direction, slideSpeed || speed);
+        move(to, 0, slideSpeed || speed);
+
+        if (options.continuous) move(circle(to - direction), -(width * direction), 0); // we need to get the next in place
+
+      } else {
+
+        to = circle(to);
+        animate(index * -width, to * -width, slideSpeed || speed);
+        //no fallback for a circular continuous if the browser does not accept transitions
+      }
+
+      index = to;
+      offloadFn(options.callback && options.callback(index, slides[index]));
+    }
+
+    function move(index, dist, speed) {
+
+      translate(index, dist, speed);
+      slidePos[index] = dist;
+
+    }
+
+    function translate(index, dist, speed) {
+
+      var slide = slides[index];
+      var style = slide && slide.style;
+
+      if (!style) return;
+
+      style.webkitTransitionDuration =
+      style.MozTransitionDuration =
+      style.msTransitionDuration =
+      style.OTransitionDuration =
+      style.transitionDuration = speed + 'ms';
+
+      style.webkitTransform = 'translate(' + dist + 'px,0)' + 'translateZ(0)';
+      style.msTransform =
+      style.MozTransform =
+      style.OTransform = 'translateX(' + dist + 'px)';
+
+    }
+
+    function animate(from, to, speed) {
+
+      // if not an animation, just reposition
+      if (!speed) {
+
+        element.style.left = to + 'px';
+        return;
+
+      }
+
+      var start = +new Date();
+
+      var timer = setInterval(function() {
+
+        var timeElap = +new Date() - start;
+
+        if (timeElap > speed) {
+
+          element.style.left = to + 'px';
+
+          if (delay) begin();
+
+          options.transitionEnd && options.transitionEnd.call(event, index, slides[index]);
+
+          clearInterval(timer);
+          return;
+
+        }
+
+        element.style.left = (( (to - from) * (Math.floor((timeElap / speed) * 100) / 100) ) + from) + 'px';
+
+      }, 4);
+
+    }
+
+    // setup auto slideshow
+    var delay = options.auto || 0;
+    var interval;
+
+    function begin() {
+
+      interval = setTimeout(next, delay);
+
+    }
+
+    function stop() {
+
+      delay = options.auto || 0;
+      clearTimeout(interval);
+
+    }
+
+
+    // setup initial vars
+    var start = {};
+    var delta = {};
+    var isScrolling;
+
+    // setup event capturing
+    var events = {
+
+      handleEvent: function(event) {
+        if(event.type == 'mousedown' || event.type == 'mouseup' || event.type == 'mousemove') {
+          event.touches = [{
+            pageX: event.pageX,
+            pageY: event.pageY
+          }];
+        }
+
+        switch (event.type) {
+          case 'mousedown': this.start(event); break;
+          case 'touchstart': this.start(event); break;
+          case 'touchmove': this.touchmove(event); break;
+          case 'mousemove': this.touchmove(event); break;
+          case 'touchend': offloadFn(this.end(event)); break;
+          case 'mouseup': offloadFn(this.end(event)); break;
+          case 'webkitTransitionEnd':
+          case 'msTransitionEnd':
+          case 'oTransitionEnd':
+          case 'otransitionend':
+          case 'transitionend': offloadFn(this.transitionEnd(event)); break;
+          case 'resize': offloadFn(setup); break;
+        }
+
+        if (options.stopPropagation) event.stopPropagation();
+
+      },
+      start: function(event) {
+
+        var touches = event.touches[0];
+
+        // measure start values
+        start = {
+
+          // get initial touch coords
+          x: touches.pageX,
+          y: touches.pageY,
+
+          // store time to determine touch duration
+          time: +new Date()
+
+        };
+
+        // used for testing first move event
+        isScrolling = undefined;
+
+        // reset delta and end measurements
+        delta = {};
+
+        // attach touchmove and touchend listeners
+        if(browser.touch) {
+          element.addEventListener('touchmove', this, false);
+          element.addEventListener('touchend', this, false);
+        } else {
+          element.addEventListener('mousemove', this, false);
+          element.addEventListener('mouseup', this, false);
+          document.addEventListener('mouseup', this, false);
+        }
+      },
+      touchmove: function(event) {
+
+        // ensure swiping with one touch and not pinching
+        // ensure sliding is enabled
+        if (event.touches.length > 1 ||
+            event.scale && event.scale !== 1 ||
+            slider.slideIsDisabled) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (options.disableScroll) event.preventDefault();
+
+        var touches = event.touches[0];
+
+        // measure change in x and y
+        delta = {
+          x: touches.pageX - start.x,
+          y: touches.pageY - start.y
+        };
+
+        // determine if scrolling test has run - one time test
+        if ( typeof isScrolling == 'undefined') {
+          isScrolling = !!( isScrolling || Math.abs(delta.x) < Math.abs(delta.y) );
+        }
+
+        // if user is not trying to scroll vertically
+        if (!isScrolling) {
+
+          // prevent native scrolling
+          event.preventDefault();
+
+          // stop slideshow
+          stop();
+
+          // increase resistance if first or last slide
+          if (options.continuous) { // we don't add resistance at the end
+
+            translate(circle(index - 1), delta.x + slidePos[circle(index - 1)], 0);
+            translate(index, delta.x + slidePos[index], 0);
+            translate(circle(index + 1), delta.x + slidePos[circle(index + 1)], 0);
+
+          } else {
+
+            delta.x =
+              delta.x /
+                ( (!index && delta.x > 0 ||         // if first slide and sliding left
+                  index == slides.length - 1 &&     // or if last slide and sliding right
+                  delta.x < 0                       // and if sliding at all
+                ) ?
+                ( Math.abs(delta.x) / width + 1 )      // determine resistance level
+                : 1 );                                 // no resistance if false
+
+            // translate 1:1
+            translate(index - 1, delta.x + slidePos[index - 1], 0);
+            translate(index, delta.x + slidePos[index], 0);
+            translate(index + 1, delta.x + slidePos[index + 1], 0);
+          }
+
+          options.onDrag && options.onDrag();
+        }
+
+      },
+      end: function() {
+
+        // measure duration
+        var duration = +new Date() - start.time;
+
+        // determine if slide attempt triggers next/prev slide
+        var isValidSlide =
+              Number(duration) < 250 &&         // if slide duration is less than 250ms
+              Math.abs(delta.x) > 20 ||         // and if slide amt is greater than 20px
+              Math.abs(delta.x) > width / 2;      // or if slide amt is greater than half the width
+
+        // determine if slide attempt is past start and end
+        var isPastBounds = (!index && delta.x > 0) ||      // if first slide and slide amt is greater than 0
+              (index == slides.length - 1 && delta.x < 0); // or if last slide and slide amt is less than 0
+
+        if (options.continuous) isPastBounds = false;
+
+        // determine direction of swipe (true:right, false:left)
+        var direction = delta.x < 0;
+
+        // if not scrolling vertically
+        if (!isScrolling) {
+
+          if (isValidSlide && !isPastBounds) {
+
+            if (direction) {
+
+              if (options.continuous) { // we need to get the next in this direction in place
+
+                move(circle(index - 1), -width, 0);
+                move(circle(index + 2), width, 0);
+
+              } else {
+                move(index - 1, -width, 0);
+              }
+
+              move(index, slidePos[index] - width, speed);
+              move(circle(index + 1), slidePos[circle(index + 1)] - width, speed);
+              index = circle(index + 1);
+
+            } else {
+              if (options.continuous) { // we need to get the next in this direction in place
+
+                move(circle(index + 1), width, 0);
+                move(circle(index - 2), -width, 0);
+
+              } else {
+                move(index + 1, width, 0);
+              }
+
+              move(index, slidePos[index] + width, speed);
+              move(circle(index - 1), slidePos[circle(index - 1)] + width, speed);
+              index = circle(index - 1);
+
+            }
+
+            options.callback && options.callback(index, slides[index]);
+
+          } else {
+
+            if (options.continuous) {
+
+              move(circle(index - 1), -width, speed);
+              move(index, 0, speed);
+              move(circle(index + 1), width, speed);
+
+            } else {
+
+              move(index - 1, -width, speed);
+              move(index, 0, speed);
+              move(index + 1, width, speed);
+            }
+
+          }
+
+        }
+
+        // kill touchmove and touchend event listeners until touchstart called again
+        if(browser.touch) {
+          element.removeEventListener('touchmove', events, false);
+          element.removeEventListener('touchend', events, false);
+        } else {
+          element.removeEventListener('mousemove', events, false);
+          element.removeEventListener('mouseup', events, false);
+          document.removeEventListener('mouseup', events, false);
+        }
+
+        options.onDragEnd && options.onDragEnd();
+      },
+      transitionEnd: function(event) {
+
+        if (parseInt(event.target.getAttribute('data-index'), 10) == index) {
+
+          if (delay) begin();
+
+          options.transitionEnd && options.transitionEnd.call(event, index, slides[index]);
+
+        }
+
+      }
+
+    };
+
+    // Public API
+    this.update = function() {
+      setTimeout(setup);
+    };
+    this.setup = function() {
+      setup();
+    };
+
+    this.loop = function(value) {
+      if (arguments.length) options.continuous = !!value;
+      return options.continuous;
+    };
+
+    this.enableSlide = function(shouldEnable) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        this.slideIsDisabled = !shouldEnable;
+      }
+      return !this.slideIsDisabled;
+    };
+
+    this.slide = this.select = function(to, speed) {
+      // cancel slideshow
+      stop();
+
+      slide(to, speed);
+    };
+
+    this.prev = this.previous = function() {
+      // cancel slideshow
+      stop();
+
+      prev();
+    };
+
+    this.next = function() {
+      // cancel slideshow
+      stop();
+
+      next();
+    };
+
+    this.stop = function() {
+      // cancel slideshow
+      stop();
+    };
+
+    this.start = function() {
+      begin();
+    };
+
+    this.autoPlay = function(newDelay) {
+      if (!delay || delay < 0) {
+        stop();
+      } else {
+        delay = newDelay;
+        begin();
+      }
+    };
+
+    this.currentIndex = this.selected = function() {
+      // return current index position
+      return index;
+    };
+
+    this.slidesCount = this.count = function() {
+      // return total number of slides
+      return length;
+    };
+
+    this.kill = function() {
+      // cancel slideshow
+      stop();
+
+      // reset element
+      element.style.width = '';
+      element.style.left = '';
+
+      // reset slides so no refs are held on to
+      slides && (slides.length = 0);
+
+      // removed event listeners
+      if (browser.addEventListener) {
+
+        // remove current event listeners
+        element.removeEventListener('touchstart', events, false);
+        element.removeEventListener('webkitTransitionEnd', events, false);
+        element.removeEventListener('msTransitionEnd', events, false);
+        element.removeEventListener('oTransitionEnd', events, false);
+        element.removeEventListener('otransitionend', events, false);
+        element.removeEventListener('transitionend', events, false);
+        window.removeEventListener('resize', events, false);
+
+      }
+      else {
+
+        window.onresize = null;
+
+      }
+    };
+
+    this.load = function() {
+      // trigger setup
+      setup();
+
+      // start auto slideshow if applicable
+      if (delay) begin();
+
+
+      // add event listeners
+      if (browser.addEventListener) {
+
+        // set touchstart event on element
+        if (browser.touch) {
+          element.addEventListener('touchstart', events, false);
+        } else {
+          element.addEventListener('mousedown', events, false);
+        }
+
+        if (browser.transitions) {
+          element.addEventListener('webkitTransitionEnd', events, false);
+          element.addEventListener('msTransitionEnd', events, false);
+          element.addEventListener('oTransitionEnd', events, false);
+          element.addEventListener('otransitionend', events, false);
+          element.addEventListener('transitionend', events, false);
+        }
+
+        // set resize event on window
+        window.addEventListener('resize', events, false);
+
+      } else {
+
+        window.onresize = function () { setup(); }; // to play nice with old IE
+
+      }
+    };
+
+  }
+});
+
+})(ionic);
+
+(function(ionic) {
+'use strict';
+
+  ionic.views.Toggle = ionic.views.View.inherit({
+    initialize: function(opts) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      this.el = opts.el;
+      this.checkbox = opts.checkbox;
+      this.track = opts.track;
+      this.handle = opts.handle;
+      this.openPercent = -1;
+      this.onChange = opts.onChange || function() {};
+
+      this.triggerThreshold = opts.triggerThreshold || 20;
+
+      this.dragStartHandler = function(e) {
+        self.dragStart(e);
+      };
+      this.dragHandler = function(e) {
+        self.drag(e);
+      };
+      this.holdHandler = function(e) {
+        self.hold(e);
+      };
+      this.releaseHandler = function(e) {
+        self.release(e);
+      };
+
+      this.dragStartGesture = ionic.onGesture('dragstart', this.dragStartHandler, this.el);
+      this.dragGesture = ionic.onGesture('drag', this.dragHandler, this.el);
+      this.dragHoldGesture = ionic.onGesture('hold', this.holdHandler, this.el);
+      this.dragReleaseGesture = ionic.onGesture('release', this.releaseHandler, this.el);
+    },
+
+    destroy: function() {
+      ionic.offGesture(this.dragStartGesture, 'dragstart', this.dragStartGesture);
+      ionic.offGesture(this.dragGesture, 'drag', this.dragGesture);
+      ionic.offGesture(this.dragHoldGesture, 'hold', this.holdHandler);
+      ionic.offGesture(this.dragReleaseGesture, 'release', this.releaseHandler);
+    },
+
+    tap: function() {
+      if(this.el.getAttribute('disabled') !== 'disabled') {
+        this.val( !this.checkbox.checked );
+      }
+    },
+
+    dragStart: function(e) {
+      if(this.checkbox.disabled) return;
+
+      this._dragInfo = {
+        width: this.el.offsetWidth,
+        left: this.el.offsetLeft,
+        right: this.el.offsetLeft + this.el.offsetWidth,
+        triggerX: this.el.offsetWidth / 2,
+        initialState: this.checkbox.checked
+      };
+
+      // Stop any parent dragging
+      e.gesture.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+
+      // Trigger hold styles
+      this.hold(e);
+    },
+
+    drag: function(e) {
+      var self = this;
+      if(!this._dragInfo) { return; }
+
+      // Stop any parent dragging
+      e.gesture.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function () {
+        if (!self._dragInfo) { return; }
+
+        var px = e.gesture.touches[0].pageX - self._dragInfo.left;
+        var mx = self._dragInfo.width - self.triggerThreshold;
+
+        // The initial state was on, so "tend towards" on
+        if(self._dragInfo.initialState) {
+          if(px < self.triggerThreshold) {
+            self.setOpenPercent(0);
+          } else if(px > self._dragInfo.triggerX) {
+            self.setOpenPercent(100);
+          }
+        } else {
+          // The initial state was off, so "tend towards" off
+          if(px < self._dragInfo.triggerX) {
+            self.setOpenPercent(0);
+          } else if(px > mx) {
+            self.setOpenPercent(100);
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    endDrag: function() {
+      this._dragInfo = null;
+    },
+
+    hold: function() {
+      this.el.classList.add('dragging');
+    },
+    release: function(e) {
+      this.el.classList.remove('dragging');
+      this.endDrag(e);
+    },
+
+
+    setOpenPercent: function(openPercent) {
+      // only make a change if the new open percent has changed
+      if(this.openPercent < 0 || (openPercent < (this.openPercent - 3) || openPercent > (this.openPercent + 3) ) ) {
+        this.openPercent = openPercent;
+
+        if(openPercent === 0) {
+          this.val(false);
+        } else if(openPercent === 100) {
+          this.val(true);
+        } else {
+          var openPixel = Math.round( (openPercent / 100) * this.track.offsetWidth - (this.handle.offsetWidth) );
+          openPixel = (openPixel < 1 ? 0 : openPixel);
+          this.handle.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + openPixel + 'px,0,0)';
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    val: function(value) {
+      if(value === true || value === false) {
+        if(this.handle.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] !== "") {
+          this.handle.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = "";
+        }
+        this.checkbox.checked = value;
+        this.openPercent = (value ? 100 : 0);
+        this.onChange && this.onChange();
+      }
+      return this.checkbox.checked;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+})(ionic);
+
+})();
+/*!
+ * ionic.bundle.js is a concatenation of:
+ * ionic.js, angular.js, angular-animate.js,
+ * angular-sanitize.js, angular-ui-router.js,
+ * and ionic-angular.js
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.3.13
+ * (c) 2010-2014 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, document, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
+ * Angular. It can be called as follows:
+ *
+ * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
+ * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
+ *
+ * The above creates an instance of minErr in the example namespace. The
+ * resulting error will have a namespaced error code of example.one.  The
+ * resulting error will replace {0} with the value of foo, and {1} with the
+ * value of bar. The object is not restricted in the number of arguments it can
+ * take.
+ *
+ * If fewer arguments are specified than necessary for interpolation, the extra
+ * interpolation markers will be preserved in the final string.
+ *
+ * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
+ * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
+ * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
+ * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
+ *
+ * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
+ * @param {function} ErrorConstructor Custom error constructor to be instantiated when returning
+ *   error from returned function, for cases when a particular type of error is useful.
+ * @returns {function(code:string, template:string, ...templateArgs): Error} minErr instance
+ */
+
+function minErr(module, ErrorConstructor) {
+  ErrorConstructor = ErrorConstructor || Error;
+  return function() {
+    var code = arguments[0],
+      prefix = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
+      template = arguments[1],
+      templateArgs = arguments,
+
+      message, i;
+
+    message = prefix + template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function(match) {
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1), arg;
+
+      if (index + 2 < templateArgs.length) {
+        return toDebugString(templateArgs[index + 2]);
+      }
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    message = message + '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.3.13/' +
+      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+    for (i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+      message = message + (i == 2 ? '?' : '&') + 'p' + (i - 2) + '=' +
+        encodeURIComponent(toDebugString(arguments[i]));
+    }
+    return new ErrorConstructor(message);
+  };
+}
+
+/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
+/* global angular: true,
+  msie: true,
+  jqLite: true,
+  jQuery: true,
+  slice: true,
+  splice: true,
+  push: true,
+  toString: true,
+  ngMinErr: true,
+  angularModule: true,
+  uid: true,
+  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP: true,
+  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY: true,
+
+  lowercase: true,
+  uppercase: true,
+  manualLowercase: true,
+  manualUppercase: true,
+  nodeName_: true,
+  isArrayLike: true,
+  forEach: true,
+  sortedKeys: true,
+  forEachSorted: true,
+  reverseParams: true,
+  nextUid: true,
+  setHashKey: true,
+  extend: true,
+  int: true,
+  inherit: true,
+  noop: true,
+  identity: true,
+  valueFn: true,
+  isUndefined: true,
+  isDefined: true,
+  isObject: true,
+  isString: true,
+  isNumber: true,
+  isDate: true,
+  isArray: true,
+  isFunction: true,
+  isRegExp: true,
+  isWindow: true,
+  isScope: true,
+  isFile: true,
+  isFormData: true,
+  isBlob: true,
+  isBoolean: true,
+  isPromiseLike: true,
+  trim: true,
+  escapeForRegexp: true,
+  isElement: true,
+  makeMap: true,
+  includes: true,
+  arrayRemove: true,
+  copy: true,
+  shallowCopy: true,
+  equals: true,
+  csp: true,
+  concat: true,
+  sliceArgs: true,
+  bind: true,
+  toJsonReplacer: true,
+  toJson: true,
+  fromJson: true,
+  startingTag: true,
+  tryDecodeURIComponent: true,
+  parseKeyValue: true,
+  toKeyValue: true,
+  encodeUriSegment: true,
+  encodeUriQuery: true,
+  angularInit: true,
+  bootstrap: true,
+  getTestability: true,
+  snake_case: true,
+  bindJQuery: true,
+  assertArg: true,
+  assertArgFn: true,
+  assertNotHasOwnProperty: true,
+  getter: true,
+  getBlockNodes: true,
+  hasOwnProperty: true,
+  createMap: true,
+
+  NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_TEXT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT: true,
+  NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT: true,
+*/
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ng
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ *
+ * # ng (core module)
+ * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
+ * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
+ * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
+ * components available within this core module.
+ *
+ * <div doc-module-components="ng"></div>
+ */
+
+var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;
+
+// The name of a form control's ValidityState property.
+// This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
+var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.lowercase
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
+ * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
+ */
+var lowercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
+var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.uppercase
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
+ * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
+ */
+var uppercase = function(string) {return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
+
+
+var manualLowercase = function(s) {
+  /* jshint bitwise: false */
+  return isString(s)
+      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
+      : s;
+};
+var manualUppercase = function(s) {
+  /* jshint bitwise: false */
+  return isString(s)
+      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
+      : s;
+};
+
+
+// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
+// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
+// with correct but slower alternatives.
+if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
+  lowercase = manualLowercase;
+  uppercase = manualUppercase;
+}
+
+
+var
+    msie,             // holds major version number for IE, or NaN if UA is not IE.
+    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
+    jQuery,           // delay binding
+    slice             = [].slice,
+    splice            = [].splice,
+    push              = [].push,
+    toString          = Object.prototype.toString,
+    ngMinErr          = minErr('ng'),
+
+    /** @name angular */
+    angular           = window.angular || (window.angular = {}),
+    angularModule,
+    uid               = 0;
+
+/**
+ * documentMode is an IE-only property
+ * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/cc196988(v=vs.85).aspx
+ */
+msie = document.documentMode;
+
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean} Returns true if `obj` is an array or array-like object (NodeList, Arguments,
+ *                   String ...)
+ */
+function isArrayLike(obj) {
+  if (obj == null || isWindow(obj)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var length = obj.length;
+
+  if (obj.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT && length) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return isString(obj) || isArray(obj) || length === 0 ||
+         typeof length === 'number' && length > 0 && (length - 1) in obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.forEach
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
+ * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key, obj)`, where `value`
+ * is the value of an object property or an array element, `key` is the object property key or
+ * array element index and obj is the `obj` itself. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
+ *
+ * It is worth noting that `.forEach` does not iterate over inherited properties because it filters
+ * using the `hasOwnProperty` method.
+ *
+ * Unlike ES262's
+ * [Array.prototype.forEach](http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.4.4.18),
+ * Providing 'undefined' or 'null' values for `obj` will not throw a TypeError, but rather just
+ * return the value provided.
+ *
+   ```js
+     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
+     var log = [];
+     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key) {
+       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
+     }, log);
+     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender: male']);
+   ```
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} iterator Iterator function.
+ * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
+ * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
+ */
+
+function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var key, length;
+  if (obj) {
+    if (isFunction(obj)) {
+      for (key in obj) {
+        // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,
+        // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function
+        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (isArray(obj) || isArrayLike(obj)) {
+      var isPrimitive = typeof obj !== 'object';
+      for (key = 0, length = obj.length; key < length; key++) {
+        if (isPrimitive || key in obj) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
+        obj.forEach(iterator, context, obj);
+    } else {
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function sortedKeys(obj) {
+  return Object.keys(obj).sort();
+}
+
+function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var keys = sortedKeys(obj);
+  for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * when using forEach the params are value, key, but it is often useful to have key, value.
+ * @param {function(string, *)} iteratorFn
+ * @returns {function(*, string)}
+ */
+function reverseParams(iteratorFn) {
+  return function(value, key) { iteratorFn(key, value); };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular.
+ *
+ * Using simple numbers allows us to generate 28.6 million unique ids per second for 10 years before
+ * we hit number precision issues in JavaScript.
+ *
+ * Math.pow(2,53) / 60 / 60 / 24 / 365 / 10 = 28.6M
+ *
+ * @returns {number} an unique alpha-numeric string
+ */
+function nextUid() {
+  return ++uid;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Set or clear the hashkey for an object.
+ * @param obj object
+ * @param h the hashkey (!truthy to delete the hashkey)
+ */
+function setHashKey(obj, h) {
+  if (h) {
+    obj.$$hashKey = h;
+  } else {
+    delete obj.$$hashKey;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.extend
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying own enumerable properties from the `src` object(s)
+ * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects. If you want to preserve original objects, you can do so
+ * by passing an empty object as the target: `var object = angular.extend({}, object1, object2)`.
+ * Note: Keep in mind that `angular.extend` does not support recursive merge (deep copy).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
+ * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
+ */
+function extend(dst) {
+  var h = dst.$$hashKey;
+
+  for (var i = 1, ii = arguments.length; i < ii; i++) {
+    var obj = arguments[i];
+    if (obj) {
+      var keys = Object.keys(obj);
+      for (var j = 0, jj = keys.length; j < jj; j++) {
+        var key = keys[j];
+        dst[key] = obj[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  setHashKey(dst, h);
+  return dst;
+}
+
+function int(str) {
+  return parseInt(str, 10);
+}
+
+
+function inherit(parent, extra) {
+  return extend(Object.create(parent), extra);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.noop
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+   ```js
+     function foo(callback) {
+       var result = calculateResult();
+       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
+     }
+   ```
+ */
+function noop() {}
+noop.$inject = [];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.identity
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+ *
+   ```js
+     function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
+       return (transformationFn || angular.identity)(value);
+     };
+   ```
+  * @param {*} value to be returned.
+  * @returns {*} the value passed in.
+ */
+function identity($) {return $;}
+identity.$inject = [];
+
+
+function valueFn(value) {return function() {return value;};}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isUndefined
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is undefined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
+ */
+function isUndefined(value) {return typeof value === 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDefined
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is defined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
+ */
+function isDefined(value) {return typeof value !== 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isObject
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
+ * considered to be objects. Note that JavaScript arrays are objects.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
+ */
+function isObject(value) {
+  // http://jsperf.com/isobject4
+  return value !== null && typeof value === 'object';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isString
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
+ */
+function isString(value) {return typeof value === 'string';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isNumber
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
+ */
+function isNumber(value) {return typeof value === 'number';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDate
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a value is a date.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
+ */
+function isDate(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object Date]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isArray
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
+ */
+var isArray = Array.isArray;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isFunction
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
+ */
+function isFunction(value) {return typeof value === 'function';}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a value is a regular expression object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `RegExp`.
+ */
+function isRegExp(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj Object to check
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
+ */
+function isWindow(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.window === obj;
+}
+
+
+function isScope(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.$evalAsync && obj.$watch;
+}
+
+
+function isFile(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object File]';
+}
+
+
+function isFormData(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object FormData]';
+}
+
+
+function isBlob(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object Blob]';
+}
+
+
+function isBoolean(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'boolean';
+}
+
+
+function isPromiseLike(obj) {
+  return obj && isFunction(obj.then);
+}
+
+
+var trim = function(value) {
+  return isString(value) ? value.trim() : value;
+};
+
+// Copied from:
+// http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/local_closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line1021
+// Prereq: s is a string.
+var escapeForRegexp = function(s) {
+  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
+           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isElement
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ */
+function isElement(node) {
+  return !!(node &&
+    (node.nodeName  // we are a direct element
+    || (node.prop && node.attr && node.find)));  // we have an on and find method part of jQuery API
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
+ * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
+ */
+function makeMap(str) {
+  var obj = {}, items = str.split(","), i;
+  for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++)
+    obj[items[i]] = true;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+
+function nodeName_(element) {
+  return lowercase(element.nodeName || (element[0] && element[0].nodeName));
+}
+
+function includes(array, obj) {
+  return Array.prototype.indexOf.call(array, obj) != -1;
+}
+
+function arrayRemove(array, value) {
+  var index = array.indexOf(value);
+  if (index >= 0)
+    array.splice(index, 1);
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.copy
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
+ *
+ * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
+ * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for arrays) or properties (for objects)
+ *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
+ * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
+ * * If `source` is identical to 'destination' an exception will be thrown.
+ *
+ * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
+ *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
+ * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
+ *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
+ * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
+ *
+ * @example
+ <example module="copyExample">
+ <file name="index.html">
+ <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ <form novalidate class="simple-form">
+ Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
+ E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
+ Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
+ <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
+ <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
+ <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
+ </form>
+ <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
+ <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <script>
+  angular.module('copyExample', [])
+    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+      $scope.master= {};
+
+      $scope.update = function(user) {
+        // Example with 1 argument
+        $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
+      };
+
+      $scope.reset = function() {
+        // Example with 2 arguments
+        angular.copy($scope.master, $scope.user);
+      };
+
+      $scope.reset();
+    }]);
+ </script>
+ </file>
+ </example>
+ */
+function copy(source, destination, stackSource, stackDest) {
+  if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
+    throw ngMinErr('cpws',
+      "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
+  }
+
+  if (!destination) {
+    destination = source;
+    if (source) {
+      if (isArray(source)) {
+        destination = copy(source, [], stackSource, stackDest);
+      } else if (isDate(source)) {
+        destination = new Date(source.getTime());
+      } else if (isRegExp(source)) {
+        destination = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^\/]*$/)[0]);
+        destination.lastIndex = source.lastIndex;
+      } else if (isObject(source)) {
+        var emptyObject = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(source));
+        destination = copy(source, emptyObject, stackSource, stackDest);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (source === destination) throw ngMinErr('cpi',
+      "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
+
+    stackSource = stackSource || [];
+    stackDest = stackDest || [];
+
+    if (isObject(source)) {
+      var index = stackSource.indexOf(source);
+      if (index !== -1) return stackDest[index];
+
+      stackSource.push(source);
+      stackDest.push(destination);
+    }
+
+    var result;
+    if (isArray(source)) {
+      destination.length = 0;
+      for (var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
+        result = copy(source[i], null, stackSource, stackDest);
+        if (isObject(source[i])) {
+          stackSource.push(source[i]);
+          stackDest.push(result);
+        }
+        destination.push(result);
+      }
+    } else {
+      var h = destination.$$hashKey;
+      if (isArray(destination)) {
+        destination.length = 0;
+      } else {
+        forEach(destination, function(value, key) {
+          delete destination[key];
+        });
+      }
+      for (var key in source) {
+        if (source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          result = copy(source[key], null, stackSource, stackDest);
+          if (isObject(source[key])) {
+            stackSource.push(source[key]);
+            stackDest.push(result);
+          }
+          destination[key] = result;
+        }
+      }
+      setHashKey(destination,h);
+    }
+
+  }
+  return destination;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive.
+ *
+ * Assumes that there are no proto properties for objects.
+ */
+function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
+  if (isArray(src)) {
+    dst = dst || [];
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = src.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      dst[i] = src[i];
+    }
+  } else if (isObject(src)) {
+    dst = dst || {};
+
+    for (var key in src) {
+      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
+        dst[key] = src[key];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dst || src;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.equals
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, regular
+ * expressions, arrays and objects.
+ *
+ * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
+ *
+ * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
+ * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties are equal by
+ *   comparing them with `angular.equals`.
+ * * Both values are NaN. (In JavaScript, NaN == NaN => false. But we consider two NaN as equal)
+ * * Both values represent the same regular expression (In JavaScript,
+ *   /abc/ == /abc/ => false. But we consider two regular expressions as equal when their textual
+ *   representation matches).
+ *
+ * During a property comparison, properties of `function` type and properties with names
+ * that begin with `$` are ignored.
+ *
+ * Scope and DOMWindow objects are being compared only by identify (`===`).
+ *
+ * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
+ * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
+ */
+function equals(o1, o2) {
+  if (o1 === o2) return true;
+  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
+  if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
+  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
+  if (t1 == t2) {
+    if (t1 == 'object') {
+      if (isArray(o1)) {
+        if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
+        if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
+          for (key = 0; key < length; key++) {
+            if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (isDate(o1)) {
+        if (!isDate(o2)) return false;
+        return equals(o1.getTime(), o2.getTime());
+      } else if (isRegExp(o1) && isRegExp(o2)) {
+        return o1.toString() == o2.toString();
+      } else {
+        if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) || isArray(o2)) return false;
+        keySet = {};
+        for (key in o1) {
+          if (key.charAt(0) === '$' || isFunction(o1[key])) continue;
+          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+          keySet[key] = true;
+        }
+        for (key in o2) {
+          if (!keySet.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
+              key.charAt(0) !== '$' &&
+              o2[key] !== undefined &&
+              !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+var csp = function() {
+  if (isDefined(csp.isActive_)) return csp.isActive_;
+
+  var active = !!(document.querySelector('[ng-csp]') ||
+                  document.querySelector('[data-ng-csp]'));
+
+  if (!active) {
+    try {
+      /* jshint -W031, -W054 */
+      new Function('');
+      /* jshint +W031, +W054 */
+    } catch (e) {
+      active = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (csp.isActive_ = active);
+};
+
+
+
+function concat(array1, array2, index) {
+  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
+}
+
+function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
+  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
+}
+
+
+/* jshint -W101 */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bind
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
+ * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are prebound to the function. This feature is also
+ * known as [partial application](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application), as
+ * distinguished from [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying#Contrast_with_partial_function_application).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
+ * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
+ * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
+ * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
+ */
+/* jshint +W101 */
+function bind(self, fn) {
+  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
+  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
+    return curryArgs.length
+      ? function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, concat(curryArgs, arguments, 0))
+            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
+        }
+      : function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
+            : fn.call(self);
+        };
+  } else {
+    // in IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be)
+    return fn;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
+  var val = value;
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string' && key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$') {
+    val = undefined;
+  } else if (isWindow(value)) {
+    val = '$WINDOW';
+  } else if (value &&  document === value) {
+    val = '$DOCUMENT';
+  } else if (isScope(value)) {
+    val = '$SCOPE';
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.toJson
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $$ characters will be
+ * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
+ * @param {boolean|number=} pretty If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
+ *    If set to an integer, the JSON output will contain that many spaces per indentation (the default is 2).
+ * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
+ */
+function toJson(obj, pretty) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'undefined') return undefined;
+  if (!isNumber(pretty)) {
+    pretty = pretty ? 2 : null;
+  }
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, toJsonReplacer, pretty);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.fromJson
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Deserializes a JSON string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
+ * @returns {Object|Array|string|number} Deserialized JSON string.
+ */
+function fromJson(json) {
+  return isString(json)
+      ? JSON.parse(json)
+      : json;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
+ */
+function startingTag(element) {
+  element = jqLite(element).clone();
+  try {
+    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
+    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
+    element.empty();
+  } catch (e) {}
+  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
+  try {
+    return element[0].nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
+        elemHtml.
+          match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
+          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) { return '<' + lowercase(nodeName); });
+  } catch (e) {
+    return lowercase(elemHtml);
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * Tries to decode the URI component without throwing an exception.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param str value potential URI component to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` can be decoded
+ * with the decodeURIComponent function.
+ */
+function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(value);
+  } catch (e) {
+    // Ignore any invalid uri component
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
+ * @returns {Object.<string,boolean|Array>}
+ */
+function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
+  var obj = {}, key_value, key;
+  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue) {
+    if (keyValue) {
+      key_value = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20').split('=');
+      key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[0]);
+      if (isDefined(key)) {
+        var val = isDefined(key_value[1]) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[1]) : true;
+        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
+          obj[key] = val;
+        } else if (isArray(obj[key])) {
+          obj[key].push(val);
+        } else {
+          obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function toKeyValue(obj) {
+  var parts = [];
+  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
+    if (isArray(value)) {
+      forEach(value, function(arrayValue) {
+        parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+                   (arrayValue === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(arrayValue, true)));
+      });
+    } else {
+    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+               (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
+    }
+  });
+  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
+ * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
+ * segments:
+ *    segment       = *pchar
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriSegment(val) {
+  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
+             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
+             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
+             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
+ * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
+ * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
+ *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
+  return encodeURIComponent(val).
+             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
+             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+             replace(/%24/g, '$').
+             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+             replace(/%3B/gi, ';').
+             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
+}
+
+var ngAttrPrefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng:', 'x-ng-'];
+
+function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
+  var attr, i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length;
+  element = jqLite(element);
+  for (i = 0; i < ii; ++i) {
+    attr = ngAttrPrefixes[i] + ngAttr;
+    if (isString(attr = element.attr(attr))) {
+      return attr;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngApp
+ * @module ng
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {angular.Module} ngApp an optional application
+ *   {@link angular.module module} name to load.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngStrictDi if this attribute is present on the app element, the injector will be
+ *   created in "strict-di" mode. This means that the application will fail to invoke functions which
+ *   do not use explicit function annotation (and are thus unsuitable for minification), as described
+ *   in {@link guide/di the Dependency Injection guide}, and useful debugging info will assist in
+ *   tracking down the root of these bugs.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Use this directive to **auto-bootstrap** an AngularJS application. The `ngApp` directive
+ * designates the **root element** of the application and is typically placed near the root element
+ * of the page - e.g. on the `<body>` or `<html>` tags.
+ *
+ * Only one AngularJS application can be auto-bootstrapped per HTML document. The first `ngApp`
+ * found in the document will be used to define the root element to auto-bootstrap as an
+ * application. To run multiple applications in an HTML document you must manually bootstrap them using
+ * {@link angular.bootstrap} instead. AngularJS applications cannot be nested within each other.
+ *
+ * You can specify an **AngularJS module** to be used as the root module for the application.  This
+ * module will be loaded into the {@link auto.$injector} when the application is bootstrapped. It
+ * should contain the application code needed or have dependencies on other modules that will
+ * contain the code. See {@link angular.module} for more information.
+ *
+ * In the example below if the `ngApp` directive were not placed on the `html` element then the
+ * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
+ * would not be resolved to `3`.
+ *
+ * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common way to bootstrap an application.
+ *
+ <example module="ngAppDemo">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
+     I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+   </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppDemo', []).controller('ngAppDemoController', function($scope) {
+     $scope.a = 1;
+     $scope.b = 2;
+   });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ *
+ * Using `ngStrictDi`, you would see something like this:
+ *
+ <example ng-app-included="true">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-app="ngAppStrictDemo" ng-strict-di>
+       <div ng-controller="GoodController1">
+           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+
+           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
+              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style (see
+              script.js for details)
+           </p>
+       </div>
+
+       <div ng-controller="GoodController2">
+           Name: <input ng-model="name"><br />
+           Hello, {{name}}!
+
+           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
+              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style
+              (see script.js for details)
+           </p>
+       </div>
+
+       <div ng-controller="BadController">
+           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+
+           <p>The controller could not be instantiated, due to relying
+              on automatic function annotations (which are disabled in
+              strict mode). As such, the content of this section is not
+              interpolated, and there should be an error in your web console.
+           </p>
+       </div>
+   </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppStrictDemo', [])
+     // BadController will fail to instantiate, due to relying on automatic function annotation,
+     // rather than an explicit annotation
+     .controller('BadController', function($scope) {
+       $scope.a = 1;
+       $scope.b = 2;
+     })
+     // Unlike BadController, GoodController1 and GoodController2 will not fail to be instantiated,
+     // due to using explicit annotations using the array style and $inject property, respectively.
+     .controller('GoodController1', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+       $scope.a = 1;
+       $scope.b = 2;
+     }])
+     .controller('GoodController2', GoodController2);
+     function GoodController2($scope) {
+       $scope.name = "World";
+     }
+     GoodController2.$inject = ['$scope'];
+   </file>
+   <file name="style.css">
+   div[ng-controller] {
+       margin-bottom: 1em;
+       -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
+       border-radius: 4px;
+       border: 1px solid;
+       padding: .5em;
+   }
+   div[ng-controller^=Good] {
+       border-color: #d6e9c6;
+       background-color: #dff0d8;
+       color: #3c763d;
+   }
+   div[ng-controller^=Bad] {
+       border-color: #ebccd1;
+       background-color: #f2dede;
+       color: #a94442;
+       margin-bottom: 0;
+   }
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ */
+function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
+  var appElement,
+      module,
+      config = {};
+
+  // The element `element` has priority over any other element
+  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
+    var name = prefix + 'app';
+
+    if (!appElement && element.hasAttribute && element.hasAttribute(name)) {
+      appElement = element;
+      module = element.getAttribute(name);
+    }
+  });
+  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
+    var name = prefix + 'app';
+    var candidate;
+
+    if (!appElement && (candidate = element.querySelector('[' + name.replace(':', '\\:') + ']'))) {
+      appElement = candidate;
+      module = candidate.getAttribute(name);
+    }
+  });
+  if (appElement) {
+    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, "strict-di") !== null;
+    bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : [], config);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bootstrap
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
+ *
+ * See: {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap}
+ *
+ * Note that Protractor based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
+ * They must use {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp}.
+ *
+ * Angular will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
+ * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
+ * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
+ * multiple instances of Angular try to work on the DOM.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!doctype html>
+ * <html>
+ * <body>
+ * <div ng-controller="WelcomeController">
+ *   {{greeting}}
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <script src="angular.js"></script>
+ * <script>
+ *   var app = angular.module('demo', [])
+ *   .controller('WelcomeController', function($scope) {
+ *       $scope.greeting = 'Welcome!';
+ *   });
+ *   angular.bootstrap(document, ['demo']);
+ * </script>
+ * </body>
+ * </html>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a `config` block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ * @param {Object=} config an object for defining configuration options for the application. The
+ *     following keys are supported:
+ *
+ * * `strictDi` - disable automatic function annotation for the application. This is meant to
+ *   assist in finding bugs which break minified code. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * @returns {auto.$injector} Returns the newly created injector for this app.
+ */
+function bootstrap(element, modules, config) {
+  if (!isObject(config)) config = {};
+  var defaultConfig = {
+    strictDi: false
+  };
+  config = extend(defaultConfig, config);
+  var doBootstrap = function() {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    if (element.injector()) {
+      var tag = (element[0] === document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
+      //Encode angle brackets to prevent input from being sanitized to empty string #8683
+      throw ngMinErr(
+          'btstrpd',
+          "App Already Bootstrapped with this Element '{0}'",
+          tag.replace(/</,'&lt;').replace(/>/,'&gt;'));
+    }
+
+    modules = modules || [];
+    modules.unshift(['$provide', function($provide) {
+      $provide.value('$rootElement', element);
+    }]);
+
+    if (config.debugInfoEnabled) {
+      // Pushing so that this overrides `debugInfoEnabled` setting defined in user's `modules`.
+      modules.push(['$compileProvider', function($compileProvider) {
+        $compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(true);
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    modules.unshift('ng');
+    var injector = createInjector(modules, config.strictDi);
+    injector.invoke(['$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$compile', '$injector',
+       function bootstrapApply(scope, element, compile, injector) {
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          element.data('$injector', injector);
+          compile(element)(scope);
+        });
+      }]
+    );
+    return injector;
+  };
+
+  var NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = /^NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO!/;
+  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;
+
+  if (window && NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO.test(window.name)) {
+    config.debugInfoEnabled = true;
+    window.name = window.name.replace(NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO, '');
+  }
+
+  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
+    return doBootstrap();
+  }
+
+  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP, '');
+  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
+    forEach(extraModules, function(module) {
+      modules.push(module);
+    });
+    return doBootstrap();
+  };
+
+  if (isFunction(angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap)) {
+    angular.resumeDeferredBootstrap();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.reloadWithDebugInfo
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to reload the current application with debug information turned on.
+ * This takes precedence over a call to `$compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(false)`.
+ *
+ * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled} for more.
+ */
+function reloadWithDebugInfo() {
+  window.name = 'NG_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO!' + window.name;
+  window.location.reload();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @name angular.getTestability
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * Get the testability service for the instance of Angular on the given
+ * element.
+ * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ */
+function getTestability(rootElement) {
+  var injector = angular.element(rootElement).injector();
+  if (!injector) {
+    throw ngMinErr('test',
+      'no injector found for element argument to getTestability');
+  }
+  return injector.get('$$testability');
+}
+
+var SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP = /[A-Z]/g;
+function snake_case(name, separator) {
+  separator = separator || '_';
+  return name.replace(SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP, function(letter, pos) {
+    return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
+  });
+}
+
+var bindJQueryFired = false;
+var skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData;
+function bindJQuery() {
+  var originalCleanData;
+
+  if (bindJQueryFired) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // bind to jQuery if present;
+  jQuery = window.jQuery;
+  // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
+  // Angular 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7+ for on()/off() support.
+  // Angular 1.3+ technically requires at least jQuery 2.1+ but it may work with older
+  // versions. It will not work for sure with jQuery <1.7, though.
+  if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
+    jqLite = jQuery;
+    extend(jQuery.fn, {
+      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
+      isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
+      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
+      injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
+      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
+    });
+
+    // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jQuery APIs like .remove()
+    // are passed through jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
+    // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
+    originalCleanData = jQuery.cleanData;
+    jQuery.cleanData = function(elems) {
+      var events;
+      if (!skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData) {
+        for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
+          events = jQuery._data(elem, "events");
+          if (events && events.$destroy) {
+            jQuery(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData = false;
+      }
+      originalCleanData(elems);
+    };
+  } else {
+    jqLite = JQLite;
+  }
+
+  angular.element = jqLite;
+
+  // Prevent double-proxying.
+  bindJQueryFired = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the argument is falsy.
+ */
+function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
+  if (!arg) {
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
+  }
+  return arg;
+}
+
+function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
+  if (acceptArrayAnnotation && isArray(arg)) {
+      arg = arg[arg.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
+      (arg && typeof arg === 'object' ? arg.constructor.name || 'Object' : typeof arg));
+  return arg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the name given is hasOwnProperty
+ * @param  {String} name    the name to test
+ * @param  {String} context the context in which the name is used, such as module or directive
+ */
+function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
+  if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the value accessible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
+ * @param {Object} obj starting object
+ * @param {String} path path to traverse
+ * @param {boolean} [bindFnToScope=true]
+ * @returns {Object} value as accessible by path
+ */
+//TODO(misko): this function needs to be removed
+function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
+  if (!path) return obj;
+  var keys = path.split('.');
+  var key;
+  var lastInstance = obj;
+  var len = keys.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (obj) {
+      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
+    }
+  }
+  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
+    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the DOM siblings between the first and last node in the given array.
+ * @param {Array} array like object
+ * @returns {jqLite} jqLite collection containing the nodes
+ */
+function getBlockNodes(nodes) {
+  // TODO(perf): just check if all items in `nodes` are siblings and if they are return the original
+  //             collection, otherwise update the original collection.
+  var node = nodes[0];
+  var endNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
+  var blockNodes = [node];
+
+  do {
+    node = node.nextSibling;
+    if (!node) break;
+    blockNodes.push(node);
+  } while (node !== endNode);
+
+  return jqLite(blockNodes);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new object without a prototype. This object is useful for lookup without having to
+ * guard against prototypically inherited properties via hasOwnProperty.
+ *
+ * Related micro-benchmarks:
+ * - http://jsperf.com/object-create2
+ * - http://jsperf.com/proto-map-lookup/2
+ * - http://jsperf.com/for-in-vs-object-keys2
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}
+ */
+function createMap() {
+  return Object.create(null);
+}
+
+var NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT = 1;
+var NODE_TYPE_TEXT = 3;
+var NODE_TYPE_COMMENT = 8;
+var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT = 9;
+var NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT = 11;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name angular.Module
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
+ */
+
+function setupModuleLoader(window) {
+
+  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');
+
+  function ensure(obj, name, factory) {
+    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
+  }
+
+  var angular = ensure(window, 'angular', Object);
+
+  // We need to expose `angular.$$minErr` to modules such as `ngResource` that reference it during bootstrap
+  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;
+
+  return ensure(angular, 'module', function() {
+    /** @type {Object.<string, angular.Module>} */
+    var modules = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name angular.module
+     * @module ng
+     * @description
+     *
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
+     * modules.
+     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * registered using this mechanism.
+     *
+     * When passed two or more arguments, a new module is created.  If passed only one argument, an
+     * existing module (the name passed as the first argument to `module`) is retrieved.
+     *
+     *
+     * # Module
+     *
+     * A module is a collection of services, directives, controllers, filters, and configuration information.
+     * `angular.module` is used to configure the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * // Create a new module
+     * var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
+     *
+     * // register a new service
+     * myModule.value('appName', 'MyCoolApp');
+     *
+     * // configure existing services inside initialization blocks.
+     * myModule.config(['$locationProvider', function($locationProvider) {
+     *   // Configure existing providers
+     *   $locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');
+     * }]);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Then you can create an injector and load your modules like this:
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * var injector = angular.injector(['ng', 'myModule'])
+     * ```
+     *
+     * However it's more likely that you'll just use
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} or
+     * {@link angular.bootstrap} to simplify this process for you.
+     *
+     * @param {!string} name The name of the module to create or retrieve.
+     * @param {!Array.<string>=} requires If specified then new module is being created. If
+     *        unspecified then the module is being retrieved for further configuration.
+     * @param {Function=} configFn Optional configuration function for the module. Same as
+     *        {@link angular.Module#config Module#config()}.
+     * @returns {module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
+     */
+    return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+      var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
+        if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+          throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
+        }
+      };
+
+      assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'module');
+      if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        modules[name] = null;
+      }
+      return ensure(modules, name, function() {
+        if (!requires) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
+             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
+             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
+        }
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
+        var invokeQueue = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var configBlocks = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var runBlocks = [];
+
+        var config = invokeLater('$injector', 'invoke', 'push', configBlocks);
+
+        /** @type {angular.Module} */
+        var moduleInstance = {
+          // Private state
+          _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,
+          _configBlocks: configBlocks,
+          _runBlocks: runBlocks,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#requires
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Holds the list of modules which the injector will load before the current module is
+           * loaded.
+           */
+          requires: requires,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#name
+           * @module ng
+           *
+           * @description
+           * Name of the module.
+           */
+          name: name,
+
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#provider
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerType Construction function for creating new instance of the
+           *                                service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+           */
+          provider: invokeLater('$provide', 'provider'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#factory
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerFunction Function for creating new instance of the service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory()}.
+           */
+          factory: invokeLater('$provide', 'factory'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#service
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} constructor A constructor function that will be instantiated.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service()}.
+           */
+          service: invokeLater('$provide', 'service'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#value
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {*} object Service instance object.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#value $provide.value()}.
+           */
+          value: invokeLater('$provide', 'value'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#constant
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name constant name
+           * @param {*} object Constant value.
+           * @description
+           * Because the constant are fixed, they get applied before other provide methods.
+           * See {@link auto.$provide#constant $provide.constant()}.
+           */
+          constant: invokeLater('$provide', 'constant', 'unshift'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#animation
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name animation name
+           * @param {Function} animationFactory Factory function for creating new instance of an
+           *                                    animation.
+           * @description
+           *
+           * **NOTE**: animations take effect only if the **ngAnimate** module is loaded.
+           *
+           *
+           * Defines an animation hook that can be later used with
+           * {@link ngAnimate.$animate $animate} service and directives that use this service.
+           *
+           * ```js
+           * module.animation('.animation-name', function($inject1, $inject2) {
+           *   return {
+           *     eventName : function(element, done) {
+           *       //code to run the animation
+           *       //once complete, then run done()
+           *       return function cancellationFunction(element) {
+           *         //code to cancel the animation
+           *       }
+           *     }
+           *   }
+           * })
+           * ```
+           *
+           * See {@link ng.$animateProvider#register $animateProvider.register()} and
+           * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} for more information.
+           */
+          animation: invokeLater('$animateProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#filter
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string} name Filter name.
+           * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
+           */
+          filter: invokeLater('$filterProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#controller
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the constructors.
+           * @param {Function} constructor Controller constructor function.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register $controllerProvider.register()}.
+           */
+          controller: invokeLater('$controllerProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#directive
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {string|Object} name Directive name, or an object map of directives where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the factories.
+           * @param {Function} directiveFactory Factory function for creating new instance of
+           * directives.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+           */
+          directive: invokeLater('$compileProvider', 'directive'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#config
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
+           *    configuration.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
+           * For more about how to configure services, see
+           * {@link providers#provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
+           */
+          config: config,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#run
+           * @module ng
+           * @param {Function} initializationFn Execute this function after injector creation.
+           *    Useful for application initialization.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which should be performed when the injector is done
+           * loading all modules.
+           */
+          run: function(block) {
+            runBlocks.push(block);
+            return this;
+          }
+        };
+
+        if (configFn) {
+          config(configFn);
+        }
+
+        return moduleInstance;
+
+        /**
+         * @param {string} provider
+         * @param {string} method
+         * @param {String=} insertMethod
+         * @returns {angular.Module}
+         */
+        function invokeLater(provider, method, insertMethod, queue) {
+          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
+          return function() {
+            queue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider, method, arguments]);
+            return moduleInstance;
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    };
+  });
+
+}
+
+/* global: toDebugString: true */
+
+function serializeObject(obj) {
+  var seen = [];
+
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, function(key, val) {
+    val = toJsonReplacer(key, val);
+    if (isObject(val)) {
+
+      if (seen.indexOf(val) >= 0) return '<<already seen>>';
+
+      seen.push(val);
+    }
+    return val;
+  });
+}
+
+function toDebugString(obj) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'function') {
+    return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
+  } else if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+    return 'undefined';
+  } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
+    return serializeObject(obj);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/* global angularModule: true,
+  version: true,
+
+  $LocaleProvider,
+  $CompileProvider,
+
+  htmlAnchorDirective,
+  inputDirective,
+  inputDirective,
+  formDirective,
+  scriptDirective,
+  selectDirective,
+  styleDirective,
+  optionDirective,
+  ngBindDirective,
+  ngBindHtmlDirective,
+  ngBindTemplateDirective,
+  ngClassDirective,
+  ngClassEvenDirective,
+  ngClassOddDirective,
+  ngCspDirective,
+  ngCloakDirective,
+  ngControllerDirective,
+  ngFormDirective,
+  ngHideDirective,
+  ngIfDirective,
+  ngIncludeDirective,
+  ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+  ngInitDirective,
+  ngNonBindableDirective,
+  ngPluralizeDirective,
+  ngRepeatDirective,
+  ngShowDirective,
+  ngStyleDirective,
+  ngSwitchDirective,
+  ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+  ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+  ngOptionsDirective,
+  ngTranscludeDirective,
+  ngModelDirective,
+  ngListDirective,
+  ngChangeDirective,
+  patternDirective,
+  patternDirective,
+  requiredDirective,
+  requiredDirective,
+  minlengthDirective,
+  minlengthDirective,
+  maxlengthDirective,
+  maxlengthDirective,
+  ngValueDirective,
+  ngModelOptionsDirective,
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives,
+  ngEventDirectives,
+
+  $AnchorScrollProvider,
+  $AnimateProvider,
+  $BrowserProvider,
+  $CacheFactoryProvider,
+  $ControllerProvider,
+  $DocumentProvider,
+  $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+  $FilterProvider,
+  $InterpolateProvider,
+  $IntervalProvider,
+  $HttpProvider,
+  $HttpBackendProvider,
+  $LocationProvider,
+  $LogProvider,
+  $ParseProvider,
+  $RootScopeProvider,
+  $QProvider,
+  $$QProvider,
+  $$SanitizeUriProvider,
+  $SceProvider,
+  $SceDelegateProvider,
+  $SnifferProvider,
+  $TemplateCacheProvider,
+  $TemplateRequestProvider,
+  $$TestabilityProvider,
+  $TimeoutProvider,
+  $$RAFProvider,
+  $$AsyncCallbackProvider,
+  $WindowProvider,
+  $$jqLiteProvider
+*/
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name angular.version
+ * @module ng
+ * @description
+ * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version. This object has the
+ * following properties:
+ *
+ * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
+ * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
+ * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
+ * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
+ * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
+ */
+var version = {
+  full: '1.3.13',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
+  major: 1,    // package task
+  minor: 3,
+  dot: 13,
+  codeName: 'meticulous-riffleshuffle'
+};
+
+
+function publishExternalAPI(angular) {
+  extend(angular, {
+    'bootstrap': bootstrap,
+    'copy': copy,
+    'extend': extend,
+    'equals': equals,
+    'element': jqLite,
+    'forEach': forEach,
+    'injector': createInjector,
+    'noop': noop,
+    'bind': bind,
+    'toJson': toJson,
+    'fromJson': fromJson,
+    'identity': identity,
+    'isUndefined': isUndefined,
+    'isDefined': isDefined,
+    'isString': isString,
+    'isFunction': isFunction,
+    'isObject': isObject,
+    'isNumber': isNumber,
+    'isElement': isElement,
+    'isArray': isArray,
+    'version': version,
+    'isDate': isDate,
+    'lowercase': lowercase,
+    'uppercase': uppercase,
+    'callbacks': {counter: 0},
+    'getTestability': getTestability,
+    '$$minErr': minErr,
+    '$$csp': csp,
+    'reloadWithDebugInfo': reloadWithDebugInfo
+  });
+
+  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
+  try {
+    angularModule('ngLocale');
+  } catch (e) {
+    angularModule('ngLocale', []).provider('$locale', $LocaleProvider);
+  }
+
+  angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
+    function ngModule($provide) {
+      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
+      $provide.provider({
+        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
+      });
+      $provide.provider('$compile', $CompileProvider).
+        directive({
+            a: htmlAnchorDirective,
+            input: inputDirective,
+            textarea: inputDirective,
+            form: formDirective,
+            script: scriptDirective,
+            select: selectDirective,
+            style: styleDirective,
+            option: optionDirective,
+            ngBind: ngBindDirective,
+            ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
+            ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,
+            ngClass: ngClassDirective,
+            ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,
+            ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,
+            ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,
+            ngController: ngControllerDirective,
+            ngForm: ngFormDirective,
+            ngHide: ngHideDirective,
+            ngIf: ngIfDirective,
+            ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,
+            ngInit: ngInitDirective,
+            ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
+            ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
+            ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
+            ngShow: ngShowDirective,
+            ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
+            ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,
+            ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+            ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+            ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,
+            ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,
+            ngModel: ngModelDirective,
+            ngList: ngListDirective,
+            ngChange: ngChangeDirective,
+            pattern: patternDirective,
+            ngPattern: patternDirective,
+            required: requiredDirective,
+            ngRequired: requiredDirective,
+            minlength: minlengthDirective,
+            ngMinlength: minlengthDirective,
+            maxlength: maxlengthDirective,
+            ngMaxlength: maxlengthDirective,
+            ngValue: ngValueDirective,
+            ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective
+        }).
+        directive({
+          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
+        }).
+        directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
+        directive(ngEventDirectives);
+      $provide.provider({
+        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,
+        $animate: $AnimateProvider,
+        $browser: $BrowserProvider,
+        $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
+        $controller: $ControllerProvider,
+        $document: $DocumentProvider,
+        $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+        $filter: $FilterProvider,
+        $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
+        $interval: $IntervalProvider,
+        $http: $HttpProvider,
+        $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
+        $location: $LocationProvider,
+        $log: $LogProvider,
+        $parse: $ParseProvider,
+        $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
+        $q: $QProvider,
+        $$q: $$QProvider,
+        $sce: $SceProvider,
+        $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
+        $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
+        $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
+        $templateRequest: $TemplateRequestProvider,
+        $$testability: $$TestabilityProvider,
+        $timeout: $TimeoutProvider,
+        $window: $WindowProvider,
+        $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
+        $$asyncCallback: $$AsyncCallbackProvider,
+        $$jqLite: $$jqLiteProvider
+      });
+    }
+  ]);
+}
+
+/* global JQLitePrototype: true,
+  addEventListenerFn: true,
+  removeEventListenerFn: true,
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR: true,
+  ALIASED_ATTR: true,
+*/
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+//JQLite
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.element
+ * @module ng
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
+ *
+ * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
+ * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
+ * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or "jqLite."
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
+ * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. **jqLite** implements only the most
+ * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.</div>
+ *
+ * To use jQuery, simply load it before `DOMContentLoaded` event fired.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert">**Note:** all element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
+ * jqLite; they are never raw DOM references.</div>
+ *
+ * ## Angular's jqLite
+ * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
+ *
+ * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
+ * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
+ * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
+ * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/) - Does not support functions as parameters
+ * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
+ * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
+ * - [`css()`](http://api.jquery.com/css/) - Only retrieves inline-styles, does not call `getComputedStyle()`
+ * - [`data()`](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
+ * - [`detach()`](http://api.jquery.com/detach/)
+ * - [`empty()`](http://api.jquery.com/empty/)
+ * - [`eq()`](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
+ * - [`find()`](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name
+ * - [`hasClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
+ * - [`html()`](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
+ * - [`next()`](http://api.jquery.com/next/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
+ * - [`one()`](http://api.jquery.com/one/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
+ * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
+ * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
+ * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
+ * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
+ * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
+ * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
+ * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
+ * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
+ * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
+ * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/)
+ * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers.
+ * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) - Does not support namespaces
+ * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
+ * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
+ *
+ * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
+ * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
+ *
+ * ### Events
+ * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
+ *    on all DOM nodes being removed.  This can be used to clean up any 3rd party bindings to the DOM
+ *    element before it is removed.
+ *
+ * ### Methods
+ * - `controller(name)` - retrieves the controller of the current element or its parent. By default
+ *   retrieves controller associated with the `ngController` directive. If `name` is provided as
+ *   camelCase directive name, then the controller for this directive will be retrieved (e.g.
+ *   `'ngModel'`).
+ * - `injector()` - retrieves the injector of the current element or its parent.
+ * - `scope()` - retrieves the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} of the current
+ *   element or its parent. Requires {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Debug Data} to
+ *   be enabled.
+ * - `isolateScope()` - retrieves an isolate {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} if one is attached directly to the
+ *   current element. This getter should be used only on elements that contain a directive which starts a new isolate
+ *   scope. Calling `scope()` on this element always returns the original non-isolate scope.
+ *   Requires {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Debug Data} to be enabled.
+ * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
+ *   parent element is reached.
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
+ * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
+ */
+
+JQLite.expando = 'ng339';
+
+var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
+    jqId = 1,
+    addEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
+      element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);
+    },
+    removeEventListenerFn = function(element, type, fn) {
+      element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false);
+    };
+
+/*
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
+ */
+JQLite._data = function(node) {
+  //jQuery always returns an object on cache miss
+  return this.cache[node[this.expando]] || {};
+};
+
+function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }
+
+
+var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
+var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
+var MOUSE_EVENT_MAP= { mouseleave: "mouseout", mouseenter: "mouseover"};
+var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');
+
+/**
+ * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
+ * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function camelCase(name) {
+  return name.
+    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
+      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
+    }).
+    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
+}
+
+var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
+var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
+var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:]+)/;
+var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;
+
+var wrapMap = {
+  'option': [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],
+
+  'thead': [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
+  'col': [2, '<table><colgroup>', '</colgroup></table>'],
+  'tr': [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
+  'td': [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>'],
+  '_default': [0, "", ""]
+};
+
+wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
+wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
+wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;
+
+
+function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
+  return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
+}
+
+function jqLiteAcceptsData(node) {
+  // The window object can accept data but has no nodeType
+  // Otherwise we are only interested in elements (1) and documents (9)
+  var nodeType = node.nodeType;
+  return nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT || !nodeType || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT;
+}
+
+function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
+  var tmp, tag, wrap,
+      fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
+      nodes = [], i;
+
+  if (jqLiteIsTextNode(html)) {
+    // Convert non-html into a text node
+    nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
+  } else {
+    // Convert html into DOM nodes
+    tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
+    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
+    wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
+    tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];
+
+    // Descend through wrappers to the right content
+    i = wrap[0];
+    while (i--) {
+      tmp = tmp.lastChild;
+    }
+
+    nodes = concat(nodes, tmp.childNodes);
+
+    tmp = fragment.firstChild;
+    tmp.textContent = "";
+  }
+
+  // Remove wrapper from fragment
+  fragment.textContent = "";
+  fragment.innerHTML = ""; // Clear inner HTML
+  forEach(nodes, function(node) {
+    fragment.appendChild(node);
+  });
+
+  return fragment;
+}
+
+function jqLiteParseHTML(html, context) {
+  context = context || document;
+  var parsed;
+
+  if ((parsed = SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP.exec(html))) {
+    return [context.createElement(parsed[1])];
+  }
+
+  if ((parsed = jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context))) {
+    return parsed.childNodes;
+  }
+
+  return [];
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////
+function JQLite(element) {
+  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
+    return element;
+  }
+
+  var argIsString;
+
+  if (isString(element)) {
+    element = trim(element);
+    argIsString = true;
+  }
+  if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
+    if (argIsString && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
+      throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
+    }
+    return new JQLite(element);
+  }
+
+  if (argIsString) {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
+  } else {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteClone(element) {
+  return element.cloneNode(true);
+}
+
+function jqLiteDealoc(element, onlyDescendants) {
+  if (!onlyDescendants) jqLiteRemoveData(element);
+
+  if (element.querySelectorAll) {
+    var descendants = element.querySelectorAll('*');
+    for (var i = 0, l = descendants.length; i < l; i++) {
+      jqLiteRemoveData(descendants[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+  if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('offargs', 'jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument');
+
+  var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element);
+  var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+  var handle = expandoStore && expandoStore.handle;
+
+  if (!handle) return; //no listeners registered
+
+  if (!type) {
+    for (type in events) {
+      if (type !== '$destroy') {
+        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+      }
+      delete events[type];
+    }
+  } else {
+    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
+      if (isDefined(fn)) {
+        var listenerFns = events[type];
+        arrayRemove(listenerFns || [], fn);
+        if (listenerFns && listenerFns.length > 0) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      removeEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+      delete events[type];
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339;
+  var expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (expandoStore) {
+    if (name) {
+      delete expandoStore.data[name];
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (expandoStore.handle) {
+      if (expandoStore.events.$destroy) {
+        expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
+      }
+      jqLiteOff(element);
+    }
+    delete jqCache[expandoId];
+    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, createIfNecessary) {
+  var expandoId = element.ng339,
+      expandoStore = expandoId && jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (createIfNecessary && !expandoStore) {
+    element.ng339 = expandoId = jqNextId();
+    expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId] = {events: {}, data: {}, handle: undefined};
+  }
+
+  return expandoStore;
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
+  if (jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+
+    var isSimpleSetter = isDefined(value);
+    var isSimpleGetter = !isSimpleSetter && key && !isObject(key);
+    var massGetter = !key;
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, !isSimpleGetter);
+    var data = expandoStore && expandoStore.data;
+
+    if (isSimpleSetter) { // data('key', value)
+      data[key] = value;
+    } else {
+      if (massGetter) {  // data()
+        return data;
+      } else {
+        if (isSimpleGetter) { // data('key')
+          // don't force creation of expandoStore if it doesn't exist yet
+          return data && data[key];
+        } else { // mass-setter: data({key1: val1, key2: val2})
+          extend(data, key);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
+  if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
+  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
+      indexOf(" " + selector + " ") > -1);
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
+          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
+          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
+          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
+      );
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");
+
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+      }
+    });
+
+    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
+  // THIS CODE IS VERY HOT. Don't make changes without benchmarking.
+
+  if (elements) {
+
+    // if a Node (the most common case)
+    if (elements.nodeType) {
+      root[root.length++] = elements;
+    } else {
+      var length = elements.length;
+
+      // if an Array or NodeList and not a Window
+      if (typeof length === 'number' && elements.window !== elements) {
+        if (length) {
+          for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            root[root.length++] = elements[i];
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        root[root.length++] = elements;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteController(element, name) {
+  return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$' + (name || 'ngController') + 'Controller');
+}
+
+function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
+  // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
+  // this makes $(document).scope() possible
+  if (element.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT) {
+    element = element.documentElement;
+  }
+  var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];
+
+  while (element) {
+    for (var i = 0, ii = names.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if ((value = jqLite.data(element, names[i])) !== undefined) return value;
+    }
+
+    // If dealing with a document fragment node with a host element, and no parent, use the host
+    // element as the parent. This enables directives within a Shadow DOM or polyfilled Shadow DOM
+    // to lookup parent controllers.
+    element = element.parentNode || (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT && element.host);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteEmpty(element) {
+  jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
+  while (element.firstChild) {
+    element.removeChild(element.firstChild);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemove(element, keepData) {
+  if (!keepData) jqLiteDealoc(element);
+  var parent = element.parentNode;
+  if (parent) parent.removeChild(element);
+}
+
+
+function jqLiteDocumentLoaded(action, win) {
+  win = win || window;
+  if (win.document.readyState === 'complete') {
+    // Force the action to be run async for consistent behaviour
+    // from the action's point of view
+    // i.e. it will definitely not be in a $apply
+    win.setTimeout(action);
+  } else {
+    // No need to unbind this handler as load is only ever called once
+    jqLite(win).on('load', action);
+  }
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions which are declared directly.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
+  ready: function(fn) {
+    var fired = false;
+
+    function trigger() {
+      if (fired) return;
+      fired = true;
+      fn();
+    }
+
+    // check if document is already loaded
+    if (document.readyState === 'complete') {
+      setTimeout(trigger);
+    } else {
+      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
+      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
+      // jshint -W064
+      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
+      // jshint +W064
+    }
+  },
+  toString: function() {
+    var value = [];
+    forEach(this, function(e) { value.push('' + e);});
+    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
+  },
+
+  eq: function(index) {
+      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
+  },
+
+  length: 0,
+  push: push,
+  sort: [].sort,
+  splice: [].splice
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating getter/setters.
+// these functions return self on setter and
+// value on get.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
+forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required,open'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
+});
+var BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS = {};
+forEach('input,select,option,textarea,button,form,details'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[value] = true;
+});
+var ALIASED_ATTR = {
+  'ngMinlength': 'minlength',
+  'ngMaxlength': 'maxlength',
+  'ngMin': 'min',
+  'ngMax': 'max',
+  'ngPattern': 'pattern'
+};
+
+function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
+  // check dom last since we will most likely fail on name
+  var booleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name.toLowerCase()];
+
+  // booleanAttr is here twice to minimize DOM access
+  return booleanAttr && BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[nodeName_(element)] && booleanAttr;
+}
+
+function getAliasedAttrName(element, name) {
+  var nodeName = element.nodeName;
+  return (nodeName === 'INPUT' || nodeName === 'TEXTAREA') && ALIASED_ATTR[name];
+}
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  JQLite[name] = fn;
+});
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  inheritedData: jqLiteInheritedData,
+
+  scope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite.data(element, '$scope') || jqLiteInheritedData(element.parentNode || element, ['$isolateScope', '$scope']);
+  },
+
+  isolateScope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScope') || jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScopeNoTemplate');
+  },
+
+  controller: jqLiteController,
+
+  injector: function(element) {
+    return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$injector');
+  },
+
+  removeAttr: function(element, name) {
+    element.removeAttribute(name);
+  },
+
+  hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,
+
+  css: function(element, name, value) {
+    name = camelCase(name);
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.style[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element.style[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  attr: function(element, name, value) {
+    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
+    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
+      if (isDefined(value)) {
+        if (!!value) {
+          element[name] = true;
+          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
+        } else {
+          element[name] = false;
+          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (element[name] ||
+                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name) || noop).specified)
+               ? lowercasedName
+               : undefined;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.setAttribute(name, value);
+    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
+      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
+      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
+      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
+      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
+      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
+    }
+  },
+
+  prop: function(element, name, value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  text: (function() {
+    getText.$dv = '';
+    return getText;
+
+    function getText(element, value) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+        return (nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT || nodeType === NODE_TYPE_TEXT) ? element.textContent : '';
+      }
+      element.textContent = value;
+    }
+  })(),
+
+  val: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      if (element.multiple && nodeName_(element) === 'select') {
+        var result = [];
+        forEach(element.options, function(option) {
+          if (option.selected) {
+            result.push(option.value || option.text);
+          }
+        });
+        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
+      }
+      return element.value;
+    }
+    element.value = value;
+  },
+
+  html: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return element.innerHTML;
+    }
+    jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
+    element.innerHTML = value;
+  },
+
+  empty: jqLiteEmpty
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  /**
+   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
+    var i, key;
+    var nodeCount = this.length;
+
+    // jqLiteHasClass has only two arguments, but is a getter-only fn, so we need to special-case it
+    // in a way that survives minification.
+    // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
+    if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
+        (((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2) === undefined)) {
+      if (isObject(arg1)) {
+
+        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
+        for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
+          if (fn === jqLiteData) {
+            // data() takes the whole object in jQuery
+            fn(this[i], arg1);
+          } else {
+            for (key in arg1) {
+              fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // return self for chaining
+        return this;
+      } else {
+        // we are a read, so read the first child.
+        // TODO: do we still need this?
+        var value = fn.$dv;
+        // Only if we have $dv do we iterate over all, otherwise it is just the first element.
+        var jj = (value === undefined) ? Math.min(nodeCount, 1) : nodeCount;
+        for (var j = 0; j < jj; j++) {
+          var nodeValue = fn(this[j], arg1, arg2);
+          value = value ? value + nodeValue : nodeValue;
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // we are a write, so apply to all children
+      for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
+        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
+      }
+      // return self for chaining
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+function createEventHandler(element, events) {
+  var eventHandler = function(event, type) {
+    // jQuery specific api
+    event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
+      return event.defaultPrevented;
+    };
+
+    var eventFns = events[type || event.type];
+    var eventFnsLength = eventFns ? eventFns.length : 0;
+
+    if (!eventFnsLength) return;
+
+    if (isUndefined(event.immediatePropagationStopped)) {
+      var originalStopImmediatePropagation = event.stopImmediatePropagation;
+      event.stopImmediatePropagation = function() {
+        event.immediatePropagationStopped = true;
+
+        if (event.stopPropagation) {
+          event.stopPropagation();
+        }
+
+        if (originalStopImmediatePropagation) {
+          originalStopImmediatePropagation.call(event);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    event.isImmediatePropagationStopped = function() {
+      return event.immediatePropagationStopped === true;
+    };
+
+    // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
+    if ((eventFnsLength > 1)) {
+      eventFns = shallowCopy(eventFns);
+    }
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < eventFnsLength; i++) {
+      if (!event.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+        eventFns[i].call(element, event);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // TODO: this is a hack for angularMocks/clearDataCache that makes it possible to deregister all
+  //       events on `element`
+  eventHandler.elem = element;
+  return eventHandler;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating traversal.
+// These functions chain results into a single
+// selector.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+forEach({
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
+
+  on: function jqLiteOn(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+    if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('onargs', 'jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters');
+
+    // Do not add event handlers to non-elements because they will not be cleaned up.
+    if (!jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, true);
+    var events = expandoStore.events;
+    var handle = expandoStore.handle;
+
+    if (!handle) {
+      handle = expandoStore.handle = createEventHandler(element, events);
+    }
+
+    // http://jsperf.com/string-indexof-vs-split
+    var types = type.indexOf(' ') >= 0 ? type.split(' ') : [type];
+    var i = types.length;
+
+    while (i--) {
+      type = types[i];
+      var eventFns = events[type];
+
+      if (!eventFns) {
+        events[type] = [];
+
+        if (type === 'mouseenter' || type === 'mouseleave') {
+          // Refer to jQuery's implementation of mouseenter & mouseleave
+          // Read about mouseenter and mouseleave:
+          // http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_mouse.html#link8
+
+          jqLiteOn(element, MOUSE_EVENT_MAP[type], function(event) {
+            var target = this, related = event.relatedTarget;
+            // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+            // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+            if (!related || (related !== target && !target.contains(related))) {
+              handle(event, type);
+            }
+          });
+
+        } else {
+          if (type !== '$destroy') {
+            addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+          }
+        }
+        eventFns = events[type];
+      }
+      eventFns.push(fn);
+    }
+  },
+
+  off: jqLiteOff,
+
+  one: function(element, type, fn) {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    //add the listener twice so that when it is called
+    //you can remove the original function and still be
+    //able to call element.off(ev, fn) normally
+    element.on(type, function onFn() {
+      element.off(type, fn);
+      element.off(type, onFn);
+    });
+    element.on(type, fn);
+  },
+
+  replaceWith: function(element, replaceNode) {
+    var index, parent = element.parentNode;
+    jqLiteDealoc(element);
+    forEach(new JQLite(replaceNode), function(node) {
+      if (index) {
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      } else {
+        parent.replaceChild(node, element);
+      }
+      index = node;
+    });
+  },
+
+  children: function(element) {
+    var children = [];
+    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element) {
+      if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT)
+        children.push(element);
+    });
+    return children;
+  },
+
+  contents: function(element) {
+    return element.contentDocument || element.childNodes || [];
+  },
+
+  append: function(element, node) {
+    var nodeType = element.nodeType;
+    if (nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT && nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT) return;
+
+    node = new JQLite(node);
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = node.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      var child = node[i];
+      element.appendChild(child);
+    }
+  },
+
+  prepend: function(element, node) {
+    if (element.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+      var index = element.firstChild;
+      forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child) {
+        element.insertBefore(child, index);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  wrap: function(element, wrapNode) {
+    wrapNode = jqLite(wrapNode).eq(0).clone()[0];
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    if (parent) {
+      parent.replaceChild(wrapNode, element);
+    }
+    wrapNode.appendChild(element);
+  },
+
+  remove: jqLiteRemove,
+
+  detach: function(element) {
+    jqLiteRemove(element, true);
+  },
+
+  after: function(element, newElement) {
+    var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
+    newElement = new JQLite(newElement);
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = newElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      var node = newElement[i];
+      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      index = node;
+    }
+  },
+
+  addClass: jqLiteAddClass,
+  removeClass: jqLiteRemoveClass,
+
+  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
+    if (selector) {
+      forEach(selector.split(' '), function(className) {
+        var classCondition = condition;
+        if (isUndefined(classCondition)) {
+          classCondition = !jqLiteHasClass(element, className);
+        }
+        (classCondition ? jqLiteAddClass : jqLiteRemoveClass)(element, className);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  parent: function(element) {
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    return parent && parent.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT ? parent : null;
+  },
+
+  next: function(element) {
+    return element.nextElementSibling;
+  },
+
+  find: function(element, selector) {
+    if (element.getElementsByTagName) {
+      return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
+    } else {
+      return [];
+    }
+  },
+
+  clone: jqLiteClone,
+
+  triggerHandler: function(element, event, extraParameters) {
+
+    var dummyEvent, eventFnsCopy, handlerArgs;
+    var eventName = event.type || event;
+    var expandoStore = jqLiteExpandoStore(element);
+    var events = expandoStore && expandoStore.events;
+    var eventFns = events && events[eventName];
+
+    if (eventFns) {
+      // Create a dummy event to pass to the handlers
+      dummyEvent = {
+        preventDefault: function() { this.defaultPrevented = true; },
+        isDefaultPrevented: function() { return this.defaultPrevented === true; },
+        stopImmediatePropagation: function() { this.immediatePropagationStopped = true; },
+        isImmediatePropagationStopped: function() { return this.immediatePropagationStopped === true; },
+        stopPropagation: noop,
+        type: eventName,
+        target: element
+      };
+
+      // If a custom event was provided then extend our dummy event with it
+      if (event.type) {
+        dummyEvent = extend(dummyEvent, event);
+      }
+
+      // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
+      eventFnsCopy = shallowCopy(eventFns);
+      handlerArgs = extraParameters ? [dummyEvent].concat(extraParameters) : [dummyEvent];
+
+      forEach(eventFnsCopy, function(fn) {
+        if (!dummyEvent.isImmediatePropagationStopped()) {
+          fn.apply(element, handlerArgs);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}, function(fn, name) {
+  /**
+   * chaining functions
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+    var value;
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = this.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        value = fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3);
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          // any function which returns a value needs to be wrapped
+          value = jqLite(value);
+        }
+      } else {
+        jqLiteAddNodes(value, fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3));
+      }
+    }
+    return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
+  };
+
+  // bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
+  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
+  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
+});
+
+
+// Provider for private $$jqLite service
+function $$jqLiteProvider() {
+  this.$get = function $$jqLite() {
+    return extend(JQLite, {
+      hasClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteHasClass(node, classes);
+      },
+      addClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteAddClass(node, classes);
+      },
+      removeClass: function(node, classes) {
+        if (node.attr) node = node[0];
+        return jqLiteRemoveClass(node, classes);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
+ * Hash of a:
+ *  string is string
+ *  number is number as string
+ *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
+ *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
+ *
+ * @param obj
+ * @returns {string} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
+ *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
+ */
+function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
+  var key = obj && obj.$$hashKey;
+
+  if (key) {
+    if (typeof key === 'function') {
+      key = obj.$$hashKey();
+    }
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  var objType = typeof obj;
+  if (objType == 'function' || (objType == 'object' && obj !== null)) {
+    key = obj.$$hashKey = objType + ':' + (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
+  } else {
+    key = objType + ':' + obj;
+  }
+
+  return key;
+}
+
+/**
+ * HashMap which can use objects as keys
+ */
+function HashMap(array, isolatedUid) {
+  if (isolatedUid) {
+    var uid = 0;
+    this.nextUid = function() {
+      return ++uid;
+    };
+  }
+  forEach(array, this.put, this);
+}
+HashMap.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * Store key value pair
+   * @param key key to store can be any type
+   * @param value value to store can be any type
+   */
+  put: function(key, value) {
+    this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)] = value;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param key
+   * @returns {Object} the value for the key
+   */
+  get: function(key) {
+    return this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the key/value pair
+   * @param key
+   */
+  remove: function(key) {
+    var value = this[key = hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
+    delete this[key];
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @module ng
+ * @name angular.injector
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates an injector object that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
+ * dependency injection (see {@link guide/di dependency injection}).
+ *
+ * @param {Array.<string|Function>} modules A list of module functions or their aliases. See
+ *     {@link angular.module}. The `ng` module must be explicitly added.
+ * @param {boolean=} [strictDi=false] Whether the injector should be in strict mode, which
+ *     disallows argument name annotation inference.
+ * @returns {injector} Injector object. See {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Typical usage
+ * ```js
+ *   // create an injector
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector(['ng']);
+ *
+ *   // use the injector to kick off your application
+ *   // use the type inference to auto inject arguments, or use implicit injection
+ *   $injector.invoke(function($rootScope, $compile, $document) {
+ *     $compile($document)($rootScope);
+ *     $rootScope.$digest();
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
+ * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
+ * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
+ * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
+ *
+ * *This is fairly rare but could be the case if a third party library is injecting the
+ * markup.*
+ *
+ * In the following example a new block of HTML containing a `ng-controller`
+ * directive is added to the end of the document body by JQuery. We then compile and link
+ * it into the current AngularJS scope.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var $div = $('<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">{{content.label}}</div>');
+ * $(document.body).append($div);
+ *
+ * angular.element(document).injector().invoke(function($compile) {
+ *   var scope = angular.element($div).scope();
+ *   $compile($div)(scope);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name auto
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
+ */
+
+var FN_ARGS = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
+var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
+var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
+var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
+var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+
+function anonFn(fn) {
+  // For anonymous functions, showing at the very least the function signature can help in
+  // debugging.
+  var fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, ''),
+      args = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
+  if (args) {
+    return 'function(' + (args[1] || '').replace(/[\s\r\n]+/, ' ') + ')';
+  }
+  return 'fn';
+}
+
+function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
+  var $inject,
+      fnText,
+      argDecl,
+      last;
+
+  if (typeof fn === 'function') {
+    if (!($inject = fn.$inject)) {
+      $inject = [];
+      if (fn.length) {
+        if (strictDi) {
+          if (!isString(name) || !name) {
+            name = fn.name || anonFn(fn);
+          }
+          throw $injectorMinErr('strictdi',
+            '{0} is not using explicit annotation and cannot be invoked in strict mode', name);
+        }
+        fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
+        argDecl = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
+        forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg) {
+          arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, underscore, name) {
+            $inject.push(name);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+      fn.$inject = $inject;
+    }
+  } else if (isArray(fn)) {
+    last = fn.length - 1;
+    assertArgFn(fn[last], 'fn');
+    $inject = fn.slice(0, last);
+  } else {
+    assertArgFn(fn, 'fn', true);
+  }
+  return $inject;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$injector` is used to retrieve object instances as defined by
+ * {@link auto.$provide provider}, instantiate types, invoke methods,
+ * and load modules.
+ *
+ * The following always holds true:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector();
+ *   expect($injector.get('$injector')).toBe($injector);
+ *   expect($injector.invoke(function($injector) {
+ *     return $injector;
+ *   })).toBe($injector);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * # Injection Function Annotation
+ *
+ * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
+ * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // inferred (only works if code not minified/obfuscated)
+ *   $injector.invoke(function(serviceA){});
+ *
+ *   // annotated
+ *   function explicit(serviceA) {};
+ *   explicit.$inject = ['serviceA'];
+ *   $injector.invoke(explicit);
+ *
+ *   // inline
+ *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Inference
+ *
+ * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
+ * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. This method of discovering
+ * annotations is disallowed when the injector is in strict mode.
+ * *NOTE:* This does not work with minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the
+ * argument names.
+ *
+ * ## `$inject` Annotation
+ * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
+ *
+ * ## Inline
+ * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#get
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Return an instance of the service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance to retrieve.
+ * @param {string} caller An optional string to provide the origin of the function call for error messages.
+ * @return {*} The instance.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#invoke
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invoke the method and supply the method arguments from the `$injector`.
+ *
+ * @param {!Function} fn The function to invoke. Function parameters are injected according to the
+ *   {@link guide/di $inject Annotation} rules.
+ * @param {Object=} self The `this` for the invoked method.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ *                         object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {*} the value returned by the invoked `fn` function.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#has
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Allows the user to query if the particular service exists.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Name of the service to query.
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if injector has given service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#instantiate
+ * @description
+ * Create a new instance of JS type. The method takes a constructor function, invokes the new
+ * operator, and supplies all of the arguments to the constructor function as specified by the
+ * constructor annotation.
+ *
+ * @param {Function} Type Annotated constructor function.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ * object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {Object} new instance of `Type`.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $injector#annotate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array of service names which the function is requesting for injection. This API is
+ * used by the injector to determine which services need to be injected into the function when the
+ * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
+ * dependencies.
+ *
+ * # Argument names
+ *
+ * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
+ * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
+ * names.
+ * ```js
+ *   // Given
+ *   function MyController($scope, $route) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You can disallow this method by using strict injection mode.
+ *
+ * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
+ * annotation strategies are supported.
+ *
+ * # The `$inject` property
+ *
+ * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
+ * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
+ * ```js
+ *   // Given
+ *   var MyController = function(obfuscatedScope, obfuscatedRoute) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *   // Define function dependencies
+ *   MyController['$inject'] = ['$scope', '$route'];
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * # The array notation
+ *
+ * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
+ * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
+ * a way that survives minification is a better choice:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // We wish to write this (not minification / obfuscation safe)
+ *   injector.invoke(function($compile, $rootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // We are forced to write break inlining
+ *   var tmpFn = function(obfuscatedCompile, obfuscatedRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   };
+ *   tmpFn.$inject = ['$compile', '$rootScope'];
+ *   injector.invoke(tmpFn);
+ *
+ *   // To better support inline function the inline annotation is supported
+ *   injector.invoke(['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfCompile, obfRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }]);
+ *
+ *   // Therefore
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(
+ *      ['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfus_$compile, obfus_$rootScope) {}])
+ *    ).toEqual(['$compile', '$rootScope']);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn Function for which dependent service names need to
+ * be retrieved as described above.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} [strictDi=false] Disallow argument name annotation inference.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
+ */
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $provide
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has a number of methods for registering components
+ * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
+ * {@link angular.Module}.
+ *
+ * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
+ * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
+ * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
+ * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
+ *
+ * When you request a service, the {@link auto.$injector $injector} is responsible for finding the
+ * correct **service provider**, instantiating it and then calling its `$get` **service factory**
+ * function to get the instance of the **service**.
+ *
+ * Often services have no configuration options and there is no need to add methods to the service
+ * provider.  The provider will be no more than a constructor function with a `$get` property. For
+ * these cases the {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has additional helper methods to register
+ * services without specifying a provider.
+ *
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#provider provider(provider)} - registers a **service provider** with the
+ *     {@link auto.$injector $injector}
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#constant constant(obj)} - registers a value/object that can be accessed by
+ *     providers and services.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#value value(obj)} - registers a value/object that can only be accessed by
+ *     services, not providers.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#factory factory(fn)} - registers a service **factory function**, `fn`,
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will contain the
+ *     given factory function.
+ * * {@link auto.$provide#service service(class)} - registers a **constructor function**, `class`
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will instantiate
+ *      a new object using the given constructor function.
+ *
+ * See the individual methods for more information and examples.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#provider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **provider function** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Provider functions
+ * are constructor functions, whose instances are responsible for "providing" a factory for a
+ * service.
+ *
+ * Service provider names start with the name of the service they provide followed by `Provider`.
+ * For example, the {@link ng.$log $log} service has a provider called
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider}.
+ *
+ * Service provider objects can have additional methods which allow configuration of the provider
+ * and its service. Importantly, you can configure what kind of service is created by the `$get`
+ * method, or how that service will act. For example, the {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider} has a
+ * method {@link ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled debugEnabled}
+ * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
+ * console or not.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
+                        'Provider'` key.
+ * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: then it should have a `$get` method. The `$get` method will be invoked using
+ *     {@link auto.$injector#invoke $injector.invoke()} when an instance needs to be created.
+ *   - `Constructor`: a new instance of the provider will be created using
+ *     {@link auto.$injector#instantiate $injector.instantiate()}, then treated as `object`.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+
+ * @example
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to create a simple event tracking service and register it using
+ * {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *  // Define the eventTracker provider
+ *  function EventTrackerProvider() {
+ *    var trackingUrl = '/track';
+ *
+ *    // A provider method for configuring where the tracked events should been saved
+ *    this.setTrackingUrl = function(url) {
+ *      trackingUrl = url;
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    // The service factory function
+ *    this.$get = ['$http', function($http) {
+ *      var trackedEvents = {};
+ *      return {
+ *        // Call this to track an event
+ *        event: function(event) {
+ *          var count = trackedEvents[event] || 0;
+ *          count += 1;
+ *          trackedEvents[event] = count;
+ *          return count;
+ *        },
+ *        // Call this to save the tracked events to the trackingUrl
+ *        save: function() {
+ *          $http.post(trackingUrl, trackedEvents);
+ *        }
+ *      };
+ *    }];
+ *  }
+ *
+ *  describe('eventTracker', function() {
+ *    var postSpy;
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
+ *      // Register the eventTracker provider
+ *      $provide.provider('eventTracker', EventTrackerProvider);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function(eventTrackerProvider) {
+ *      // Configure eventTracker provider
+ *      eventTrackerProvider.setTrackingUrl('/custom-track');
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('tracks events', inject(function(eventTracker) {
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(1);
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(2);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('saves to the tracking url', inject(function(eventTracker, $http) {
+ *      postSpy = spyOn($http, 'post');
+ *      eventTracker.event('login');
+ *      eventTracker.save();
+ *      expect(postSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).not.toEqual('/track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).toEqual('/custom-track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[1]).toEqual({ 'login': 1 });
+ *    }));
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#factory
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service factory**, which will be called to return the service instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider consists of only a `$get` property,
+ * which is the given service factory function.
+ * You should use {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory(getFn)} if you do not need to
+ * configure your service in a provider.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {function()} $getFn The $getFn for the instance creation. Internally this is a short hand
+ *                            for `$provide.provider(name, {$get: $getFn})`.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.factory('ping', ['$http', function($http) {
+ *     return function ping() {
+ *       return $http.send('/ping');
+ *     };
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * ```js
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping();
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#service
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service constructor**, which will be invoked with `new` to create the service
+ * instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider's `$get` property is the service
+ * constructor function that will be used to instantiate the service instance.
+ *
+ * You should use {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)} if you define your service
+ * as a type/class.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {Function} constructor A class (constructor function) that will be instantiated.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service using
+ * {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)}.
+ * ```js
+ *   var Ping = function($http) {
+ *     this.$http = $http;
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   Ping.$inject = ['$http'];
+ *
+ *   Ping.prototype.send = function() {
+ *     return this.$http.get('/ping');
+ *   };
+ *   $provide.service('ping', Ping);
+ * ```
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * ```js
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping.send();
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#value
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **value service** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}, such as a string, a
+ * number, an array, an object or a function.  This is short for registering a service where its
+ * provider's `$get` property is a factory function that takes no arguments and returns the **value
+ * service**.
+ *
+ * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
+ * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
+ * an Angular
+ * {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {*} value The value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here are some examples of creating value services.
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.value('ADMIN_USER', 'admin');
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('RoleLookup', { admin: 0, writer: 1, reader: 2 });
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('halfOf', function(value) {
+ *     return value / 2;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#constant
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **constant service**, such as a string, a number, an array, an object or a function,
+ * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value} it can be
+ * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
+ * be overridden by an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
+ * @param {*} value The constant value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here a some examples of creating constants:
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.constant('SHARD_HEIGHT', 306);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('MY_COLOURS', ['red', 'blue', 'grey']);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('double', function(value) {
+ *     return value * 2;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $provide#decorator
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service decorator** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. A service decorator
+ * intercepts the creation of a service, allowing it to override or modify the behaviour of the
+ * service. The object returned by the decorator may be the original service, or a new service
+ * object which replaces or wraps and delegates to the original service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
+ * @param {function()} decorator This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
+ *    instantiated and should return the decorated service instance. The function is called using
+ *    the {@link auto.$injector#invoke injector.invoke} method and is therefore fully injectable.
+ *    Local injection arguments:
+ *
+ *    * `$delegate` - The original service instance, which can be monkey patched, configured,
+ *      decorated or delegated to.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here we decorate the {@link ng.$log $log} service to convert warnings to errors by intercepting
+ * calls to {@link ng.$log#error $log.warn()}.
+ * ```js
+ *   $provide.decorator('$log', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
+ *     $delegate.warn = $delegate.error;
+ *     return $delegate;
+ *   }]);
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
+  strictDi = (strictDi === true);
+  var INSTANTIATING = {},
+      providerSuffix = 'Provider',
+      path = [],
+      loadedModules = new HashMap([], true),
+      providerCache = {
+        $provide: {
+            provider: supportObject(provider),
+            factory: supportObject(factory),
+            service: supportObject(service),
+            value: supportObject(value),
+            constant: supportObject(constant),
+            decorator: decorator
+          }
+      },
+      providerInjector = (providerCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(providerCache, function(serviceName, caller) {
+            if (angular.isString(caller)) {
+              path.push(caller);
+            }
+            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
+          })),
+      instanceCache = {},
+      instanceInjector = (instanceCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(instanceCache, function(serviceName, caller) {
+            var provider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix, caller);
+            return instanceInjector.invoke(provider.$get, provider, undefined, serviceName);
+          }));
+
+
+  forEach(loadModules(modulesToLoad), function(fn) { instanceInjector.invoke(fn || noop); });
+
+  return instanceInjector;
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // $provider
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function supportObject(delegate) {
+    return function(key, value) {
+      if (isObject(key)) {
+        forEach(key, reverseParams(delegate));
+      } else {
+        return delegate(key, value);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function provider(name, provider_) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'service');
+    if (isFunction(provider_) || isArray(provider_)) {
+      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
+    }
+    if (!provider_.$get) {
+      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
+    }
+    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
+  }
+
+  function enforceReturnValue(name, factory) {
+    return function enforcedReturnValue() {
+      var result = instanceInjector.invoke(factory, this);
+      if (isUndefined(result)) {
+        throw $injectorMinErr('undef', "Provider '{0}' must return a value from $get factory method.", name);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  function factory(name, factoryFn, enforce) {
+    return provider(name, {
+      $get: enforce !== false ? enforceReturnValue(name, factoryFn) : factoryFn
+    });
+  }
+
+  function service(name, constructor) {
+    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
+      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
+    }]);
+  }
+
+  function value(name, val) { return factory(name, valueFn(val), false); }
+
+  function constant(name, value) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'constant');
+    providerCache[name] = value;
+    instanceCache[name] = value;
+  }
+
+  function decorator(serviceName, decorFn) {
+    var origProvider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix),
+        orig$get = origProvider.$get;
+
+    origProvider.$get = function() {
+      var origInstance = instanceInjector.invoke(orig$get, origProvider);
+      return instanceInjector.invoke(decorFn, null, {$delegate: origInstance});
+    };
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // Module Loading
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  function loadModules(modulesToLoad) {
+    var runBlocks = [], moduleFn;
+    forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
+      if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
+      loadedModules.put(module, true);
+
+      function runInvokeQueue(queue) {
+        var i, ii;
+        for (i = 0, ii = queue.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var invokeArgs = queue[i],
+              provider = providerInjector.get(invokeArgs[0]);
+
+          provider[invokeArgs[1]].apply(provider, invokeArgs[2]);
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        if (isString(module)) {
+          moduleFn = angularModule(module);
+          runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
+          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._invokeQueue);
+          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._configBlocks);
+        } else if (isFunction(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else if (isArray(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else {
+          assertArgFn(module, 'module');
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (isArray(module)) {
+          module = module[module.length - 1];
+        }
+        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
+          // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
+          // unlike those of Chrome and IE
+          // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
+          // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
+          /* jshint -W022 */
+          e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
+        }
+        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
+                  module, e.stack || e.message || e);
+      }
+    });
+    return runBlocks;
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // internal Injector
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function createInternalInjector(cache, factory) {
+
+    function getService(serviceName, caller) {
+      if (cache.hasOwnProperty(serviceName)) {
+        if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('cdep', 'Circular dependency found: {0}',
+                    serviceName + ' <- ' + path.join(' <- '));
+        }
+        return cache[serviceName];
+      } else {
+        try {
+          path.unshift(serviceName);
+          cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
+          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName, caller);
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+            delete cache[serviceName];
+          }
+          throw err;
+        } finally {
+          path.shift();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
+      if (typeof locals === 'string') {
+        serviceName = locals;
+        locals = null;
+      }
+
+      var args = [],
+          $inject = createInjector.$$annotate(fn, strictDi, serviceName),
+          length, i,
+          key;
+
+      for (i = 0, length = $inject.length; i < length; i++) {
+        key = $inject[i];
+        if (typeof key !== 'string') {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('itkn',
+                  'Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}', key);
+        }
+        args.push(
+          locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key)
+          ? locals[key]
+          : getService(key, serviceName)
+        );
+      }
+      if (isArray(fn)) {
+        fn = fn[length];
+      }
+
+      // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-invoke-apply-vs-switch
+      // #5388
+      return fn.apply(self, args);
+    }
+
+    function instantiate(Type, locals, serviceName) {
+      // Check if Type is annotated and use just the given function at n-1 as parameter
+      // e.g. someModule.factory('greeter', ['$window', function(renamed$window) {}]);
+      // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
+      var instance = Object.create((isArray(Type) ? Type[Type.length - 1] : Type).prototype || null);
+      var returnedValue = invoke(Type, instance, locals, serviceName);
+
+      return isObject(returnedValue) || isFunction(returnedValue) ? returnedValue : instance;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      invoke: invoke,
+      instantiate: instantiate,
+      get: getService,
+      annotate: createInjector.$$annotate,
+      has: function(name) {
+        return providerCache.hasOwnProperty(name + providerSuffix) || cache.hasOwnProperty(name);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+createInjector.$$annotate = annotate;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $anchorScrollProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use `$anchorScrollProvider` to disable automatic scrolling whenever
+ * {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} changes.
+ */
+function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
+
+  var autoScrollingEnabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $anchorScrollProvider#disableAutoScrolling
+   *
+   * @description
+   * By default, {@link ng.$anchorScroll $anchorScroll()} will automatically detect changes to
+   * {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and scroll to the element matching the new hash.<br />
+   * Use this method to disable automatic scrolling.
+   *
+   * If automatic scrolling is disabled, one must explicitly call
+   * {@link ng.$anchorScroll $anchorScroll()} in order to scroll to the element related to the
+   * current hash.
+   */
+  this.disableAutoScrolling = function() {
+    autoScrollingEnabled = false;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $anchorScroll
+   * @kind function
+   * @requires $window
+   * @requires $location
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   *
+   * @description
+   * When called, it checks the current value of {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and
+   * scrolls to the related element, according to the rules specified in the
+   * [Html5 spec](http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#the-indicated-part-of-the-document).
+   *
+   * It also watches the {@link ng.$location#hash $location.hash()} and automatically scrolls to
+   * match any anchor whenever it changes. This can be disabled by calling
+   * {@link ng.$anchorScrollProvider#disableAutoScrolling $anchorScrollProvider.disableAutoScrolling()}.
+   *
+   * Additionally, you can use its {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset yOffset} property to specify a
+   * vertical scroll-offset (either fixed or dynamic).
+   *
+   * @property {(number|function|jqLite)} yOffset
+   * If set, specifies a vertical scroll-offset. This is often useful when there are fixed
+   * positioned elements at the top of the page, such as navbars, headers etc.
+   *
+   * `yOffset` can be specified in various ways:
+   * - **number**: A fixed number of pixels to be used as offset.<br /><br />
+   * - **function**: A getter function called everytime `$anchorScroll()` is executed. Must return
+   *   a number representing the offset (in pixels).<br /><br />
+   * - **jqLite**: A jqLite/jQuery element to be used for specifying the offset. The distance from
+   *   the top of the page to the element's bottom will be used as offset.<br />
+   *   **Note**: The element will be taken into account only as long as its `position` is set to
+   *   `fixed`. This option is useful, when dealing with responsive navbars/headers that adjust
+   *   their height and/or positioning according to the viewport's size.
+   *
+   * <br />
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * In order for `yOffset` to work properly, scrolling should take place on the document's root and
+   * not some child element.
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @example
+     <example module="anchorScrollExample">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollController">
+           <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
+           <a id="bottom"></a> You're at the bottom!
+         </div>
+       </file>
+       <file name="script.js">
+         angular.module('anchorScrollExample', [])
+           .controller('ScrollController', ['$scope', '$location', '$anchorScroll',
+             function ($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
+               $scope.gotoBottom = function() {
+                 // set the location.hash to the id of
+                 // the element you wish to scroll to.
+                 $location.hash('bottom');
+
+                 // call $anchorScroll()
+                 $anchorScroll();
+               };
+             }]);
+       </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+         #scrollArea {
+           height: 280px;
+           overflow: auto;
+         }
+
+         #bottom {
+           display: block;
+           margin-top: 2000px;
+         }
+       </file>
+     </example>
+   *
+   * <hr />
+   * The example below illustrates the use of a vertical scroll-offset (specified as a fixed value).
+   * See {@link ng.$anchorScroll#yOffset $anchorScroll.yOffset} for more details.
+   *
+   * @example
+     <example module="anchorScrollOffsetExample">
+       <file name="index.html">
+         <div class="fixed-header" ng-controller="headerCtrl">
+           <a href="" ng-click="gotoAnchor(x)" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
+             Go to anchor {{x}}
+           </a>
+         </div>
+         <div id="anchor{{x}}" class="anchor" ng-repeat="x in [1,2,3,4,5]">
+           Anchor {{x}} of 5
+         </div>
+       </file>
+       <file name="script.js">
+         angular.module('anchorScrollOffsetExample', [])
+           .run(['$anchorScroll', function($anchorScroll) {
+             $anchorScroll.yOffset = 50;   // always scroll by 50 extra pixels
+           }])
+           .controller('headerCtrl', ['$anchorScroll', '$location', '$scope',
+             function ($anchorScroll, $location, $scope) {
+               $scope.gotoAnchor = function(x) {
+                 var newHash = 'anchor' + x;
+                 if ($location.hash() !== newHash) {
+                   // set the $location.hash to `newHash` and
+                   // $anchorScroll will automatically scroll to it
+                   $location.hash('anchor' + x);
+                 } else {
+                   // call $anchorScroll() explicitly,
+                   // since $location.hash hasn't changed
+                   $anchorScroll();
+                 }
+               };
+             }
+           ]);
+       </file>
+       <file name="style.css">
+         body {
+           padding-top: 50px;
+         }
+
+         .anchor {
+           border: 2px dashed DarkOrchid;
+           padding: 10px 10px 200px 10px;
+         }
+
+         .fixed-header {
+           background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+           height: 50px;
+           position: fixed;
+           top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
+         }
+
+         .fixed-header > a {
+           display: inline-block;
+           margin: 5px 15px;
+         }
+       </file>
+     </example>
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$location', '$rootScope', function($window, $location, $rootScope) {
+    var document = $window.document;
+
+    // Helper function to get first anchor from a NodeList
+    // (using `Array#some()` instead of `angular#forEach()` since it's more performant
+    //  and working in all supported browsers.)
+    function getFirstAnchor(list) {
+      var result = null;
+      Array.prototype.some.call(list, function(element) {
+        if (nodeName_(element) === 'a') {
+          result = element;
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    function getYOffset() {
+
+      var offset = scroll.yOffset;
+
+      if (isFunction(offset)) {
+        offset = offset();
+      } else if (isElement(offset)) {
+        var elem = offset[0];
+        var style = $window.getComputedStyle(elem);
+        if (style.position !== 'fixed') {
+          offset = 0;
+        } else {
+          offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect().bottom;
+        }
+      } else if (!isNumber(offset)) {
+        offset = 0;
+      }
+
+      return offset;
+    }
+
+    function scrollTo(elem) {
+      if (elem) {
+        elem.scrollIntoView();
+
+        var offset = getYOffset();
+
+        if (offset) {
+          // `offset` is the number of pixels we should scroll UP in order to align `elem` properly.
+          // This is true ONLY if the call to `elem.scrollIntoView()` initially aligns `elem` at the
+          // top of the viewport.
+          //
+          // IF the number of pixels from the top of `elem` to the end of the page's content is less
+          // than the height of the viewport, then `elem.scrollIntoView()` will align the `elem` some
+          // way down the page.
+          //
+          // This is often the case for elements near the bottom of the page.
+          //
+          // In such cases we do not need to scroll the whole `offset` up, just the difference between
+          // the top of the element and the offset, which is enough to align the top of `elem` at the
+          // desired position.
+          var elemTop = elem.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+          $window.scrollBy(0, elemTop - offset);
+        }
+      } else {
+        $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function scroll() {
+      var hash = $location.hash(), elm;
+
+      // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
+      if (!hash) scrollTo(null);
+
+      // element with given id
+      else if ((elm = document.getElementById(hash))) scrollTo(elm);
+
+      // first anchor with given name :-D
+      else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) scrollTo(elm);
+
+      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
+      else if (hash === 'top') scrollTo(null);
+    }
+
+    // does not scroll when user clicks on anchor link that is currently on
+    // (no url change, no $location.hash() change), browser native does scroll
+    if (autoScrollingEnabled) {
+      $rootScope.$watch(function autoScrollWatch() {return $location.hash();},
+        function autoScrollWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+          // skip the initial scroll if $location.hash is empty
+          if (newVal === oldVal && newVal === '') return;
+
+          jqLiteDocumentLoaded(function() {
+            $rootScope.$evalAsync(scroll);
+          });
+        });
+    }
+
+    return scroll;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $animateMinErr = minErr('$animate');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $animateProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Default implementation of $animate that doesn't perform any animations, instead just
+ * synchronously performs DOM
+ * updates and calls done() callbacks.
+ *
+ * In order to enable animations the ngAnimate module has to be loaded.
+ *
+ * To see the functional implementation check out src/ngAnimate/animate.js
+ */
+var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
+
+
+  this.$$selectors = {};
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#register
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a new injectable animation factory function. The factory function produces the
+   * animation object which contains callback functions for each event that is expected to be
+   * animated.
+   *
+   *   * `eventFn`: `function(Element, doneFunction)` The element to animate, the `doneFunction`
+   *   must be called once the element animation is complete. If a function is returned then the
+   *   animation service will use this function to cancel the animation whenever a cancel event is
+   *   triggered.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   return {
+     *     eventFn : function(element, done) {
+     *       //code to run the animation
+     *       //once complete, then run done()
+     *       return function cancellationFunction() {
+     *         //code to cancel the animation
+     *       }
+     *     }
+     *   }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string} name The name of the animation.
+   * @param {Function} factory The factory function that will be executed to return the animation
+   *                           object.
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, factory) {
+    var key = name + '-animation';
+    if (name && name.charAt(0) != '.') throw $animateMinErr('notcsel',
+        "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
+    this.$$selectors[name.substr(1)] = key;
+    $provide.factory(key, factory);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets and/or returns the CSS class regular expression that is checked when performing
+   * an animation. Upon bootstrap the classNameFilter value is not set at all and will
+   * therefore enable $animate to attempt to perform an animation on any element.
+   * When setting the classNameFilter value, animations will only be performed on elements
+   * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
+   * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
+   * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
+   * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
+   */
+  this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      this.$$classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
+    }
+    return this.$$classNameFilter;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$$q', '$$asyncCallback', '$rootScope', function($$q, $$asyncCallback, $rootScope) {
+
+    var currentDefer;
+
+    function runAnimationPostDigest(fn) {
+      var cancelFn, defer = $$q.defer();
+      defer.promise.$$cancelFn = function ngAnimateMaybeCancel() {
+        cancelFn && cancelFn();
+      };
+
+      $rootScope.$$postDigest(function ngAnimatePostDigest() {
+        cancelFn = fn(function ngAnimateNotifyComplete() {
+          defer.resolve();
+        });
+      });
+
+      return defer.promise;
+    }
+
+    function resolveElementClasses(element, classes) {
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [];
+
+      var hasClasses = createMap();
+      forEach((element.attr('class') || '').split(/\s+/), function(className) {
+        hasClasses[className] = true;
+      });
+
+      forEach(classes, function(status, className) {
+        var hasClass = hasClasses[className];
+
+        // If the most recent class manipulation (via $animate) was to remove the class, and the
+        // element currently has the class, the class is scheduled for removal. Otherwise, if
+        // the most recent class manipulation (via $animate) was to add the class, and the
+        // element does not currently have the class, the class is scheduled to be added.
+        if (status === false && hasClass) {
+          toRemove.push(className);
+        } else if (status === true && !hasClass) {
+          toAdd.push(className);
+        }
+      });
+
+      return (toAdd.length + toRemove.length) > 0 &&
+        [toAdd.length ? toAdd : null, toRemove.length ? toRemove : null];
+    }
+
+    function cachedClassManipulation(cache, classes, op) {
+      for (var i=0, ii = classes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+        var className = classes[i];
+        cache[className] = op;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function asyncPromise() {
+      // only serve one instance of a promise in order to save CPU cycles
+      if (!currentDefer) {
+        currentDefer = $$q.defer();
+        $$asyncCallback(function() {
+          currentDefer.resolve();
+          currentDefer = null;
+        });
+      }
+      return currentDefer.promise;
+    }
+
+    function applyStyles(element, options) {
+      if (angular.isObject(options)) {
+        var styles = extend(options.from || {}, options.to || {});
+        element.css(styles);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $animate
+     * @description The $animate service provides rudimentary DOM manipulation functions to
+     * insert, remove and move elements within the DOM, as well as adding and removing classes.
+     * This service is the core service used by the ngAnimate $animator service which provides
+     * high-level animation hooks for CSS and JavaScript.
+     *
+     * $animate is available in the AngularJS core, however, the ngAnimate module must be included
+     * to enable full out animation support. Otherwise, $animate will only perform simple DOM
+     * manipulation operations.
+     *
+     * To learn more about enabling animation support, click here to visit the {@link ngAnimate
+     * ngAnimate module page} as well as the {@link ngAnimate.$animate ngAnimate $animate service
+     * page}.
+     */
+    return {
+      animate: function(element, from, to) {
+        applyStyles(element, { from: from, to: to });
+        return asyncPromise();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#enter
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Inserts the element into the DOM either after the `after` element or
+       * as the first child within the `parent` element. When the function is called a promise
+       * is returned that will be resolved at a later time.
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be inserted into the DOM
+       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
+       *   a child (if the after element is not present)
+       * @param {DOMElement} after the sibling element which will append the element
+       *   after itself
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of styles that will be applied to the element.
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      enter: function(element, parent, after, options) {
+        applyStyles(element, options);
+        after ? after.after(element)
+              : parent.prepend(element);
+        return asyncPromise();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#leave
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Removes the element from the DOM. When the function is called a promise
+       * is returned that will be resolved at a later time.
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be applied to the element.
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      leave: function(element, options) {
+        element.remove();
+        return asyncPromise();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#move
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Moves the position of the provided element within the DOM to be placed
+       * either after the `after` element or inside of the `parent` element. When the function
+       * is called a promise is returned that will be resolved at a later time.
+       *
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be moved around within the
+       *   DOM
+       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element where the element will be
+       *   inserted into (if the after element is not present)
+       * @param {DOMElement} after the sibling element where the element will be
+       *   positioned next to
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be applied to the element.
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      move: function(element, parent, after, options) {
+        // Do not remove element before insert. Removing will cause data associated with the
+        // element to be dropped. Insert will implicitly do the remove.
+        return this.enter(element, parent, after, options);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#addClass
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Adds the provided className CSS class value to the provided element.
+       * When the function is called a promise is returned that will be resolved at a later time.
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have the className value
+       *   added to it
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be added to the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be applied to the element.
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      addClass: function(element, className, options) {
+        return this.setClass(element, className, [], options);
+      },
+
+      $$addClassImmediately: function(element, className, options) {
+        element = jqLite(element);
+        className = !isString(className)
+                        ? (isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '')
+                        : className;
+        forEach(element, function(element) {
+          jqLiteAddClass(element, className);
+        });
+        applyStyles(element, options);
+        return asyncPromise();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#removeClass
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Removes the provided className CSS class value from the provided element.
+       * When the function is called a promise is returned that will be resolved at a later time.
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have the className value
+       *   removed from it
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be removed from the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be applied to the element.
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      removeClass: function(element, className, options) {
+        return this.setClass(element, [], className, options);
+      },
+
+      $$removeClassImmediately: function(element, className, options) {
+        element = jqLite(element);
+        className = !isString(className)
+                        ? (isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '')
+                        : className;
+        forEach(element, function(element) {
+          jqLiteRemoveClass(element, className);
+        });
+        applyStyles(element, options);
+        return asyncPromise();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $animate#setClass
+       * @kind function
+       * @description Adds and/or removes the given CSS classes to and from the element.
+       * When the function is called a promise is returned that will be resolved at a later time.
+       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have its CSS classes changed
+       *   removed from it
+       * @param {string} add the CSS classes which will be added to the element
+       * @param {string} remove the CSS class which will be removed from the element
+       * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be applied to the element.
+       * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+       */
+      setClass: function(element, add, remove, options) {
+        var self = this;
+        var STORAGE_KEY = '$$animateClasses';
+        var createdCache = false;
+        element = jqLite(element);
+
+        var cache = element.data(STORAGE_KEY);
+        if (!cache) {
+          cache = {
+            classes: {},
+            options: options
+          };
+          createdCache = true;
+        } else if (options && cache.options) {
+          cache.options = angular.extend(cache.options || {}, options);
+        }
+
+        var classes = cache.classes;
+
+        add = isArray(add) ? add : add.split(' ');
+        remove = isArray(remove) ? remove : remove.split(' ');
+        cachedClassManipulation(classes, add, true);
+        cachedClassManipulation(classes, remove, false);
+
+        if (createdCache) {
+          cache.promise = runAnimationPostDigest(function(done) {
+            var cache = element.data(STORAGE_KEY);
+            element.removeData(STORAGE_KEY);
+
+            // in the event that the element is removed before postDigest
+            // is run then the cache will be undefined and there will be
+            // no need anymore to add or remove and of the element classes
+            if (cache) {
+              var classes = resolveElementClasses(element, cache.classes);
+              if (classes) {
+                self.$$setClassImmediately(element, classes[0], classes[1], cache.options);
+              }
+            }
+
+            done();
+          });
+          element.data(STORAGE_KEY, cache);
+        }
+
+        return cache.promise;
+      },
+
+      $$setClassImmediately: function(element, add, remove, options) {
+        add && this.$$addClassImmediately(element, add);
+        remove && this.$$removeClassImmediately(element, remove);
+        applyStyles(element, options);
+        return asyncPromise();
+      },
+
+      enabled: noop,
+      cancel: noop
+    };
+  }];
+}];
+
+function $$AsyncCallbackProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$timeout', function($$rAF, $timeout) {
+    return $$rAF.supported
+      ? function(fn) { return $$rAF(fn); }
+      : function(fn) {
+        return $timeout(fn, 0, false);
+      };
+  }];
+}
+
+/* global stripHash: true */
+
+/**
+ * ! This is a private undocumented service !
+ *
+ * @name $browser
+ * @requires $log
+ * @description
+ * This object has two goals:
+ *
+ * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
+ * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
+ *
+ * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
+ * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
+ * the real browser apis.
+ */
+/**
+ * @param {object} window The global window object.
+ * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
+ * @param {object} $log window.console or an object with the same interface.
+ * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
+ */
+function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
+  var self = this,
+      rawDocument = document[0],
+      location = window.location,
+      history = window.history,
+      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
+      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+      pendingDeferIds = {};
+
+  self.isMock = false;
+
+  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
+  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];
+
+  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
+  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
+  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };
+
+  /**
+   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
+   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
+   */
+  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
+    try {
+      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
+    } finally {
+      outstandingRequestCount--;
+      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
+        while (outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
+          try {
+            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $log.error(e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function getHash(url) {
+    var index = url.indexOf('#');
+    return index === -1 ? '' : url.substr(index + 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
+   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
+   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
+   */
+  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
+    // force browser to execute all pollFns - this is needed so that cookies and other pollers fire
+    // at some deterministic time in respect to the test runner's actions. Leaving things up to the
+    // regular poller would result in flaky tests.
+    forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn) { pollFn(); });
+
+    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
+      callback();
+    } else {
+      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
+    }
+  };
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Poll Watcher API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  var pollFns = [],
+      pollTimeout;
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#addPollFn
+   *
+   * @param {function()} fn Poll function to add
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Adds a function to the list of functions that poller periodically executes,
+   * and starts polling if not started yet.
+   *
+   * @returns {function()} the added function
+   */
+  self.addPollFn = function(fn) {
+    if (isUndefined(pollTimeout)) startPoller(100, setTimeout);
+    pollFns.push(fn);
+    return fn;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param {number} interval How often should browser call poll functions (ms)
+   * @param {function()} setTimeout Reference to a real or fake `setTimeout` function.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Configures the poller to run in the specified intervals, using the specified
+   * setTimeout fn and kicks it off.
+   */
+  function startPoller(interval, setTimeout) {
+    (function check() {
+      forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn) { pollFn(); });
+      pollTimeout = setTimeout(check, interval);
+    })();
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // URL API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  var cachedState, lastHistoryState,
+      lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
+      baseElement = document.find('base'),
+      reloadLocation = null;
+
+  cacheState();
+  lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * GETTER:
+   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
+   *
+   * SETTER:
+   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
+   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
+   * location.href/location.replace is used.
+   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
+   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record?
+   * @param {object=} state object to use with pushState/replaceState
+   */
+  self.url = function(url, replace, state) {
+    // In modern browsers `history.state` is `null` by default; treating it separately
+    // from `undefined` would cause `$browser.url('/foo')` to change `history.state`
+    // to undefined via `pushState`. Instead, let's change `undefined` to `null` here.
+    if (isUndefined(state)) {
+      state = null;
+    }
+
+    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
+    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
+    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;
+
+    // setter
+    if (url) {
+      var sameState = lastHistoryState === state;
+
+      // Don't change anything if previous and current URLs and states match. This also prevents
+      // IE<10 from getting into redirect loop when in LocationHashbangInHtml5Url mode.
+      // See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/commit/ffb2701
+      if (lastBrowserUrl === url && (!$sniffer.history || sameState)) {
+        return self;
+      }
+      var sameBase = lastBrowserUrl && stripHash(lastBrowserUrl) === stripHash(url);
+      lastBrowserUrl = url;
+      lastHistoryState = state;
+      // Don't use history API if only the hash changed
+      // due to a bug in IE10/IE11 which leads
+      // to not firing a `hashchange` nor `popstate` event
+      // in some cases (see #9143).
+      if ($sniffer.history && (!sameBase || !sameState)) {
+        history[replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState'](state, '', url);
+        cacheState();
+        // Do the assignment again so that those two variables are referentially identical.
+        lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+      } else {
+        if (!sameBase) {
+          reloadLocation = url;
+        }
+        if (replace) {
+          location.replace(url);
+        } else if (!sameBase) {
+          location.href = url;
+        } else {
+          location.hash = getHash(url);
+        }
+      }
+      return self;
+    // getter
+    } else {
+      // - reloadLocation is needed as browsers don't allow to read out
+      //   the new location.href if a reload happened.
+      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
+      return reloadLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is a getter.
+   *
+   * Return history.state or null if history.state is undefined.
+   *
+   * @returns {object} state
+   */
+  self.state = function() {
+    return cachedState;
+  };
+
+  var urlChangeListeners = [],
+      urlChangeInit = false;
+
+  function cacheStateAndFireUrlChange() {
+    cacheState();
+    fireUrlChange();
+  }
+
+  // This variable should be used *only* inside the cacheState function.
+  var lastCachedState = null;
+  function cacheState() {
+    // This should be the only place in $browser where `history.state` is read.
+    cachedState = window.history.state;
+    cachedState = isUndefined(cachedState) ? null : cachedState;
+
+    // Prevent callbacks fo fire twice if both hashchange & popstate were fired.
+    if (equals(cachedState, lastCachedState)) {
+      cachedState = lastCachedState;
+    }
+    lastCachedState = cachedState;
+  }
+
+  function fireUrlChange() {
+    if (lastBrowserUrl === self.url() && lastHistoryState === cachedState) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
+    lastHistoryState = cachedState;
+    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      listener(self.url(), cachedState);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
+   *
+   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of angular:
+   * - user types different url into address bar
+   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
+   * - user clicks on a link
+   *
+   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
+   *
+   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
+   *
+   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
+   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
+   */
+  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
+    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
+    if (!urlChangeInit) {
+      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
+      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
+      // changed by push/replaceState
+
+      // html5 history api - popstate event
+      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+      // hashchange event
+      jqLite(window).on('hashchange', cacheStateAndFireUrlChange);
+
+      urlChangeInit = true;
+    }
+
+    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
+    return callback;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Checks whether the url has changed outside of Angular.
+   * Needs to be exported to be able to check for changes that have been done in sync,
+   * as hashchange/popstate events fire in async.
+   */
+  self.$$checkUrlChange = fireUrlChange;
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Misc API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#baseHref
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns current <base href>
+   * (always relative - without domain)
+   *
+   * @returns {string} The current base href
+   */
+  self.baseHref = function() {
+    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
+    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?\:)?\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
+  };
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Cookies API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  var lastCookies = {};
+  var lastCookieString = '';
+  var cookiePath = self.baseHref();
+
+  function safeDecodeURIComponent(str) {
+    try {
+      return decodeURIComponent(str);
+    } catch (e) {
+      return str;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#cookies
+   *
+   * @param {string=} name Cookie name
+   * @param {string=} value Cookie value
+   *
+   * @description
+   * The cookies method provides a 'private' low level access to browser cookies.
+   * It is not meant to be used directly, use the $cookie service instead.
+   *
+   * The return values vary depending on the arguments that the method was called with as follows:
+   *
+   * - cookies() -> hash of all cookies, this is NOT a copy of the internal state, so do not modify
+   *   it
+   * - cookies(name, value) -> set name to value, if value is undefined delete the cookie
+   * - cookies(name) -> the same as (name, undefined) == DELETES (no one calls it right now that
+   *   way)
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} Hash of all cookies (if called without any parameter)
+   */
+  self.cookies = function(name, value) {
+    var cookieLength, cookieArray, cookie, i, index;
+
+    if (name) {
+      if (value === undefined) {
+        rawDocument.cookie = encodeURIComponent(name) + "=;path=" + cookiePath +
+                                ";expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";
+      } else {
+        if (isString(value)) {
+          cookieLength = (rawDocument.cookie = encodeURIComponent(name) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value) +
+                                ';path=' + cookiePath).length + 1;
+
+          // per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt browser must allow at minimum:
+          // - 300 cookies
+          // - 20 cookies per unique domain
+          // - 4096 bytes per cookie
+          if (cookieLength > 4096) {
+            $log.warn("Cookie '" + name +
+              "' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large (" +
+              cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (rawDocument.cookie !== lastCookieString) {
+        lastCookieString = rawDocument.cookie;
+        cookieArray = lastCookieString.split("; ");
+        lastCookies = {};
+
+        for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
+          cookie = cookieArray[i];
+          index = cookie.indexOf('=');
+          if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
+            name = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
+            // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
+            // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
+            // follow are for less specific paths.
+            if (lastCookies[name] === undefined) {
+              lastCookies[name] = safeDecodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return lastCookies;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer
+   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
+   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
+   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
+   *
+   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
+   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
+   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
+   *
+   */
+  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
+    var timeoutId;
+    outstandingRequestCount++;
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
+      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
+    }, delay || 0);
+    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
+    return timeoutId;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
+   *
+   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+   *                    canceled.
+   */
+  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
+    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
+      clearTimeout(deferId);
+      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+}
+
+function $BrowserProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
+      function($window, $log, $sniffer, $document) {
+        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
+      }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $cacheFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
+ * them.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *
+ *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
+ *
+ *  cache.put("key", "value");
+ *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
+ *
+ *  // We've specified no options on creation
+ *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
+ *
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
+ * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
+ *
+ *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
+ *
+ * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
+ *
+ * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
+ * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
+ *   it.
+ * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
+ * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
+ * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
+ * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="cacheExampleApp">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
+         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
+         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
+         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>
+
+         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
+         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
+           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
+           <span>: </span>
+           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
+         </div>
+
+         <p>Cache Info</p>
+         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
+           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
+           <span>: </span>
+           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
+         </div>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
+         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
+           $scope.keys = [];
+           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
+             if ($scope.cache.get(key) === undefined) {
+               $scope.keys.push(key);
+             }
+             $scope.cache.put(key, value === undefined ? null : value);
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       p {
+         margin: 10px 0 3px;
+       }
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $CacheFactoryProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    var caches = {};
+
+    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
+      if (cacheId in caches) {
+        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
+      }
+
+      var size = 0,
+          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
+          data = {},
+          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          lruHash = {},
+          freshEnd = null,
+          staleEnd = null;
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc type
+       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
+       * {@link $http $http} and the {@link ng.directive:script script} directive to cache
+       * templates and other data.
+       *
+       * ```js
+       *  angular.module('superCache')
+       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
+       *    }]);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Example test:
+       *
+       * ```js
+       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
+       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
+       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
+       *
+       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
+       *      id: 'super-cache',
+       *      size: 2
+       *    });
+       *
+       *    superCache.remove('another key');
+       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
+       *
+       *    superCache.removeAll();
+       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
+       *      id: 'super-cache',
+       *      size: 0
+       *    });
+       *  }));
+       * ```
+       */
+      return caches[cacheId] = {
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
+         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
+         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
+         * entries from the set.
+         *
+         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
+         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
+         *    will not be stored.
+         * @returns {*} the value stored.
+         */
+        put: function(key, value) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});
+
+            refresh(lruEntry);
+          }
+
+          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
+          if (!(key in data)) size++;
+          data[key] = value;
+
+          if (size > capacity) {
+            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
+          }
+
+          return value;
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
+         * @returns {*} the value stored.
+         */
+        get: function(key) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+            if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+            refresh(lruEntry);
+          }
+
+          return data[key];
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
+         *
+         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
+         */
+        remove: function(key) {
+          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
+            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+            if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+            if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
+            if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
+            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);
+
+            delete lruHash[key];
+          }
+
+          delete data[key];
+          size--;
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
+         */
+        removeAll: function() {
+          data = {};
+          size = 0;
+          lruHash = {};
+          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
+         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
+         */
+        destroy: function() {
+          data = null;
+          stats = null;
+          lruHash = null;
+          delete caches[cacheId];
+        },
+
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
+         *
+         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
+         *   <ul>
+         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
+         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
+         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
+         *       cache.</li>
+         *   </ul>
+         */
+        info: function() {
+          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      /**
+       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function refresh(entry) {
+        if (entry != freshEnd) {
+          if (!staleEnd) {
+            staleEnd = entry;
+          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
+            staleEnd = entry.n;
+          }
+
+          link(entry.n, entry.p);
+          link(entry, freshEnd);
+          freshEnd = entry;
+          freshEnd.n = null;
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
+        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
+          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
+          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $cacheFactory#info
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
+   */
+    cacheFactory.info = function() {
+      var info = {};
+      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
+        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
+      });
+      return info;
+    };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $cacheFactory#get
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
+   *
+   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
+   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
+   */
+    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
+      return caches[cacheId];
+    };
+
+
+    return cacheFactory;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $templateCache
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
+ * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
+ * `$templateCache` service directly.
+ *
+ * Adding via the `script` tag:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
+ *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
+ *   </script>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
+ * the document, but it must be a descendent of the {@link ng.$rootElement $rootElement} (IE,
+ * element with ng-app attribute), otherwise the template will be ignored.
+ *
+ * Adding via the $templateCache service:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
+ * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
+ *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * or get it via Javascript:
+ * ```js
+ * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
+ * ```
+ *
+ * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
+ *
+ */
+function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+    return $cacheFactory('templates');
+  }];
+}
+
+/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
+ *
+ * DOM-related variables:
+ *
+ * - "node" - DOM Node
+ * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
+ * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
+ *
+ *
+ * Compiler related stuff:
+ *
+ * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
+ * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
+ * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
+ * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $compile
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
+ * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
+ *
+ * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
+ * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
+ * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
+ * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ## Comprehensive Directive API
+ *
+ * There are many different options for a directive.
+ *
+ * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
+ * You can either return a "Directive Definition Object" (see below) that defines the directive properties,
+ * or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have the default values).
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       priority: 0,
+ *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       // or
+ *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       transclude: false,
+ *       restrict: 'A',
+ *       templateNamespace: 'html',
+ *       scope: false,
+ *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
+ *       controllerAs: 'stringAlias',
+ *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
+ *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
+ *         return {
+ *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *         }
+ *         // or
+ *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *       },
+ *       // or
+ *       // link: {
+ *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *       // }
+ *       // or
+ *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *     // or
+ *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Directive Definition Object
+ *
+ * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
+ * compiler}. The attributes are:
+ *
+ * #### `multiElement`
+ * When this property is set to true, the HTML compiler will collect DOM nodes between
+ * nodes with the attributes `directive-name-start` and `directive-name-end`, and group them
+ * together as the directive elements. It is recommended that this feature be used on directives
+ * which are not strictly behavioural (such as {@link ngClick}), and which
+ * do not manipulate or replace child nodes (such as {@link ngInclude}).
+ *
+ * #### `priority`
+ * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
+ * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
+ * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
+ * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
+ * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
+ * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
+ *
+ * #### `terminal`
+ * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
+ * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
+ * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined). Note that expressions
+ * and other directives used in the directive's template will also be excluded from execution.
+ *
+ * #### `scope`
+ * **If set to `true`,** then a new scope will be created for this directive. If multiple directives on the
+ * same element request a new scope, only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not
+ * apply for the root of the template since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
+ *
+ * **If set to `{}` (object hash),** then a new "isolate" scope is created. The 'isolate' scope differs from
+ * normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from the parent scope. This is useful
+ * when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify data in the
+ * parent scope.
+ *
+ * The 'isolate' scope takes an object hash which defines a set of local scope properties
+ * derived from the parent scope. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for
+ * templates. Locals definition is a hash of local scope property to its source:
+ *
+ * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
+ *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified  then the
+ *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<widget my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and widget definition
+ *   of `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localName` will reflect
+ *   the interpolated value of `hello {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the
+ *   `localName` property on the widget scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not
+ *   component scope).
+ *
+ * * `=` or `=attr` - set up bi-directional binding between a local scope property and the
+ *   parent scope property of name defined via the value of the `attr` attribute. If no `attr`
+ *   name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<widget my-attr="parentModel">` and widget definition of
+ *   `scope: { localModel:'=myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localModel` will reflect the
+ *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
+ *   in `localModel` and any changes in `localModel` will reflect in `parentModel`. If the parent
+ *   scope property doesn't exist, it will throw a NON_ASSIGNABLE_MODEL_EXPRESSION exception. You
+ *   can avoid this behavior using `=?` or `=?attr` in order to flag the property as optional. If
+ *   you want to shallow watch for changes (i.e. $watchCollection instead of $watch) you can use
+ *   `=*` or `=*attr` (`=*?` or `=*?attr` if the property is optional).
+ *
+ * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope.
+ *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
+ *   local name. Given `<widget my-attr="count = count + value">` and widget definition of
+ *   `scope: { localFn:'&myAttr' }`, then isolate scope property `localFn` will point to
+ *   a function wrapper for the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to
+ *   pass data from the isolated scope via an expression to the parent scope, this can be
+ *   done by passing a map of local variable names and values into the expression wrapper fn.
+ *   For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)` then we can specify the amount value
+ *   by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `bindToController`
+ * When an isolate scope is used for a component (see above), and `controllerAs` is used, `bindToController: true` will
+ * allow a component to have its properties bound to the controller, rather than to scope. When the controller
+ * is instantiated, the initial values of the isolate scope bindings are already available.
+ *
+ * #### `controller`
+ * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
+ * pre-linking phase and it is shared with other directives (see
+ * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
+ * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
+ *
+ * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
+ * * `$element` - Current element
+ * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
+ * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope:
+ *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
+ *    * `scope`: optional argument to override the scope.
+ *    * `cloneLinkingFn`: optional argument to create clones of the original transcluded content.
+ *    * `futureParentElement`:
+ *        * defines the parent to which the `cloneLinkingFn` will add the cloned elements.
+ *        * default: `$element.parent()` resp. `$element` for `transclude:'element'` resp. `transclude:true`.
+ *        * only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html elements (e.g. SVG elements)
+ *          and when the `cloneLinkinFn` is passed,
+ *          as those elements need to created and cloned in a special way when they are defined outside their
+ *          usual containers (e.g. like `<svg>`).
+ *        * See also the `directive.templateNamespace` property.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `require`
+ * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
+ * `require` takes a string name (or array of strings) of the directive(s) to pass in. If an array is used, the
+ * injected argument will be an array in corresponding order. If no such directive can be
+ * found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is raised. The name can be prefixed with:
+ *
+ * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `^^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element and its parents or pass
+ *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `?^^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents, or pass
+ *   `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `controllerAs`
+ * Controller alias at the directive scope. An alias for the controller so it
+ * can be referenced at the directive template. The directive needs to define a scope for this
+ * configuration to be used. Useful in the case when directive is used as component.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `restrict`
+ * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
+ * declaration style. If omitted, the defaults (elements and attributes) are used.
+ *
+ * * `E` - Element name (default): `<my-directive></my-directive>`
+ * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
+ * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
+ * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateNamespace`
+ * String representing the document type used by the markup in the template.
+ * AngularJS needs this information as those elements need to be created and cloned
+ * in a special way when they are defined outside their usual containers like `<svg>` and `<math>`.
+ *
+ * * `html` - All root nodes in the template are HTML. Root nodes may also be
+ *   top-level elements such as `<svg>` or `<math>`.
+ * * `svg` - The root nodes in the template are SVG elements (excluding `<math>`).
+ * * `math` - The root nodes in the template are MathML elements (excluding `<svg>`).
+ *
+ * If no `templateNamespace` is specified, then the namespace is considered to be `html`.
+ *
+ * #### `template`
+ * HTML markup that may:
+ * * Replace the contents of the directive's element (default).
+ * * Replace the directive's element itself (if `replace` is true - DEPRECATED).
+ * * Wrap the contents of the directive's element (if `transclude` is true).
+ *
+ * Value may be:
+ *
+ * * A string. For example `<div red-on-hover>{{delete_str}}</div>`.
+ * * A function which takes two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile`
+ *   function api below) and returns a string value.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateUrl`
+ * This is similar to `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL, asynchronously.
+ *
+ * Because template loading is asynchronous the compiler will suspend compilation of directives on that element
+ * for later when the template has been resolved.  In the meantime it will continue to compile and link
+ * sibling and parent elements as though this element had not contained any directives.
+ *
+ * The compiler does not suspend the entire compilation to wait for templates to be loaded because this
+ * would result in the whole app "stalling" until all templates are loaded asynchronously - even in the
+ * case when only one deeply nested directive has `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * Template loading is asynchronous even if the template has been preloaded into the {@link $templateCache}
+ *
+ * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
+ * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
+ * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
+ * $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `replace` ([*DEPRECATED*!], will be removed in next major release - i.e. v2.0)
+ * specify what the template should replace. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * * `true` - the template will replace the directive's element.
+ * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the directive's element.
+ *
+ * The replacement process migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new
+ * one. See the {@link guide/directive#template-expanding-directive
+ * Directives Guide} for an example.
+ *
+ * There are very few scenarios where element replacement is required for the application function,
+ * the main one being reusable custom components that are used within SVG contexts
+ * (because SVG doesn't work with custom elements in the DOM tree).
+ *
+ * #### `transclude`
+ * Extract the contents of the element where the directive appears and make it available to the directive.
+ * The contents are compiled and provided to the directive as a **transclusion function**. See the
+ * {@link $compile#transclusion Transclusion} section below.
+ *
+ * There are two kinds of transclusion depending upon whether you want to transclude just the contents of the
+ * directive's element or the entire element:
+ *
+ * * `true` - transclude the content (i.e. the child nodes) of the directive's element.
+ * * `'element'` - transclude the whole of the directive's element including any directives on this
+ *   element that defined at a lower priority than this directive. When used, the `template`
+ *   property is ignored.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `compile`
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
+ * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
+ *
+ *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
+ *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
+ *
+ *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive compile functions.
+ *
+ *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
+ * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
+ * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
+ * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
+ * </div>
+
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
+ * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and a
+ * stack overflow errors.
+ *
+ * This can be avoided by manually using $compile in the postLink function to imperatively compile
+ * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
+ * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-error">
+ * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
+ *   to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+
+ * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
+ *
+ * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
+ *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
+ *
+ * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
+ *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
+ *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `link`
+ * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
+ * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
+ * put.
+ *
+ *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
+ *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
+ *
+ *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
+ *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
+ *     already been linked.
+ *
+ *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive linking functions.
+ *
+ *   * `controller` - a controller instance - A controller instance if at least one directive on the
+ *     element defines a controller. The controller is shared among all the directives, which allows
+ *     the directives to use the controllers as a communication channel.
+ *
+ *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *     This is the same as the `$transclude`
+ *     parameter of directive controllers, see there for details.
+ *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn, futureParentElement)`.
+ *
+ * #### Pre-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
+ * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
+ *
+ * #### Post-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed after the child elements are linked.
+ *
+ * Note that child elements that contain `templateUrl` directives will not have been compiled
+ * and linked since they are waiting for their template to load asynchronously and their own
+ * compilation and linking has been suspended until that occurs.
+ *
+ * It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function on elements that are not waiting
+ * for their async templates to be resolved.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Transclusion
+ *
+ * Transclusion is the process of extracting a collection of DOM element from one part of the DOM and
+ * copying them to another part of the DOM, while maintaining their connection to the original AngularJS
+ * scope from where they were taken.
+ *
+ * Transclusion is used (often with {@link ngTransclude}) to insert the
+ * original contents of a directive's element into a specified place in the template of the directive.
+ * The benefit of transclusion, over simply moving the DOM elements manually, is that the transcluded
+ * content has access to the properties on the scope from which it was taken, even if the directive
+ * has isolated scope.
+ * See the {@link guide/directive#creating-a-directive-that-wraps-other-elements Directives Guide}.
+ *
+ * This makes it possible for the widget to have private state for its template, while the transcluded
+ * content has access to its originating scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** When testing an element transclude directive you must not place the directive at the root of the
+ * DOM fragment that is being compiled. See {@link guide/unit-testing#testing-transclusion-directives
+ * Testing Transclusion Directives}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * #### Transclusion Functions
+ *
+ * When a directive requests transclusion, the compiler extracts its contents and provides a **transclusion
+ * function** to the directive's `link` function and `controller`. This transclusion function is a special
+ * **linking function** that will return the compiled contents linked to a new transclusion scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * If you are just using {@link ngTransclude} then you don't need to worry about this function, since
+ * ngTransclude will deal with it for us.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * If you want to manually control the insertion and removal of the transcluded content in your directive
+ * then you must use this transclude function. When you call a transclude function it returns a a jqLite/JQuery
+ * object that contains the compiled DOM, which is linked to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *
+ * When you call a transclusion function you can pass in a **clone attach function**. This function accepts
+ * two parameters, `function(clone, scope) { ... }`, where the `clone` is a fresh compiled copy of your transcluded
+ * content and the `scope` is the newly created transclusion scope, to which the clone is bound.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Best Practice**: Always provide a `cloneFn` (clone attach function) when you call a translude function
+ * since you then get a fresh clone of the original DOM and also have access to the new transclusion scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * It is normal practice to attach your transcluded content (`clone`) to the DOM inside your **clone
+ * attach function**:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var transcludedContent, transclusionScope;
+ *
+ * $transclude(function(clone, scope) {
+ *   element.append(clone);
+ *   transcludedContent = clone;
+ *   transclusionScope = scope;
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Later, if you want to remove the transcluded content from your DOM then you should also destroy the
+ * associated transclusion scope:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * transcludedContent.remove();
+ * transclusionScope.$destroy();
+ * ```
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * **Best Practice**: if you intend to add and remove transcluded content manually in your directive
+ * (by calling the transclude function to get the DOM and and calling `element.remove()` to remove it),
+ * then you are also responsible for calling `$destroy` on the transclusion scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * The built-in DOM manipulation directives, such as {@link ngIf}, {@link ngSwitch} and {@link ngRepeat}
+ * automatically destroy their transluded clones as necessary so you do not need to worry about this if
+ * you are simply using {@link ngTransclude} to inject the transclusion into your directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### Transclusion Scopes
+ *
+ * When you call a transclude function it returns a DOM fragment that is pre-bound to a **transclusion
+ * scope**. This scope is special, in that it is a child of the directive's scope (and so gets destroyed
+ * when the directive's scope gets destroyed) but it inherits the properties of the scope from which it
+ * was taken.
+ *
+ * For example consider a directive that uses transclusion and isolated scope. The DOM hierarchy might look
+ * like this:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-app>
+ *   <div isolate>
+ *     <div transclusion>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The `$parent` scope hierarchy will look like this:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * - $rootScope
+ *   - isolate
+ *     - transclusion
+ * ```
+ *
+ * but the scopes will inherit prototypically from different scopes to their `$parent`.
+ *
+ * ```
+ * - $rootScope
+ *   - transclusion
+ * - isolate
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Attributes
+ *
+ * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
+ * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
+ *
+ * accessing *Normalized attribute names:*
+ * Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways: 'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'.
+ * the attributes object allows for normalized access to
+ *   the attributes.
+ *
+ * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
+ *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
+ *   communication.
+ *
+ * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
+ *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
+ *
+ * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
+ *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
+ *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
+ *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
+ *   // get the attribute value
+ *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
+ *
+ *   // change the attribute
+ *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
+ *
+ *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
+ *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
+ *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
+ *   });
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Example
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
+ * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ <example module="compileExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+    <script>
+      angular.module('compileExample', [], function($compileProvider) {
+        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
+        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
+        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
+          // directive factory creates a link function
+          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+            scope.$watch(
+              function(scope) {
+                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
+                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
+              },
+              function(value) {
+                // when the 'compile' expression changes
+                // assign it into the current DOM
+                element.html(value);
+
+                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
+                // scope.
+                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
+                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
+                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
+              }
+            );
+          };
+        });
+      })
+      .controller('GreeterController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+        $scope.name = 'Angular';
+        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
+      }]);
+    </script>
+    <div ng-controller="GreeterController">
+      <input ng-model="name"> <br>
+      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br>
+      <div compile="html"></div>
+    </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should auto compile', function() {
+       var textarea = $('textarea');
+       var output = $('div[compile]');
+       // The initial state reads 'Hello Angular'.
+       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello Angular');
+       textarea.clear();
+       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
+       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Angular!');
+     });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
+ * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives - DEPRECATED.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-error">
+ * **Note:** Passing a `transclude` function to the $compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. will not use the right outer scope. Please pass the transclude function as a
+ *   `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
+ *                 root element(s), not their children)
+ * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=, options=)} a link function which is used to bind template
+ * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
+ *
+ *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
+ *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
+ *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
+ *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
+ *  called as: <br> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
+ *
+ *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
+ *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
+ *
+ *  * `options` - An optional object hash with linking options. If `options` is provided, then the following
+ *  keys may be used to control linking behavior:
+ *
+ *      * `parentBoundTranscludeFn` - the transclude function made available to
+ *        directives; if given, it will be passed through to the link functions of
+ *        directives found in `element` during compilation.
+ *      * `transcludeControllers` - an object hash with keys that map controller names
+ *        to controller instances; if given, it will make the controllers
+ *        available to directives.
+ *      * `futureParentElement` - defines the parent to which the `cloneAttachFn` will add
+ *        the cloned elements; only needed for transcludes that are allowed to contain non html
+ *        elements (e.g. SVG elements). See also the directive.controller property.
+ *
+ * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
+ * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
+ *
+ * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
+ * Angular automatically.
+ *
+ * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
+ *
+ * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
+ *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
+ *   ```js
+ *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
+ *   ```
+ *
+ * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
+ *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
+ *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
+ *   ```js
+ *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
+ *         scope = ....;
+ *
+ *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
+ *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`
+ *   ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For information on how the compiler works, see the
+ * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $compileProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ */
+$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
+function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
+  var hasDirectives = {},
+      Suffix = 'Directive',
+      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\w\-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
+      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\w\-]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/,
+      ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS = makeMap('ngSrc,ngSrcset,src,srcset'),
+      REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(?:(\^\^?)?(\?)?(\^\^?)?)?/;
+
+  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
+  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
+  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
+  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;
+
+  function parseIsolateBindings(scope, directiveName) {
+    var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@&]|=(\*?))(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
+
+    var bindings = {};
+
+    forEach(scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
+      var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
+            "Invalid isolate scope definition for directive '{0}'." +
+            " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
+            directiveName, scopeName, definition);
+      }
+
+      bindings[scopeName] = {
+        mode: match[1][0],
+        collection: match[2] === '*',
+        optional: match[3] === '?',
+        attrName: match[4] || scopeName
+      };
+    });
+
+    return bindings;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#directive
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
+   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
+   *    names and the values are the factories.
+   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See
+   *    {@link guide/directive} for more info.
+   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
+   */
+   this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
+    if (isString(name)) {
+      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
+      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        hasDirectives[name] = [];
+        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
+          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
+            var directives = [];
+            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
+              try {
+                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
+                if (isFunction(directive)) {
+                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
+                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
+                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
+                }
+                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
+                directive.index = index;
+                directive.name = directive.name || name;
+                directive.require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
+                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'EA';
+                if (isObject(directive.scope)) {
+                  directive.$$isolateBindings = parseIsolateBindings(directive.scope, directive.name);
+                }
+                directives.push(directive);
+              } catch (e) {
+                $exceptionHandler(e);
+              }
+            });
+            return directives;
+          }]);
+      }
+      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
+    } else {
+      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at preventing XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name  $compileProvider#debugInfoEnabled
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} enabled update the debugInfoEnabled state if provided, otherwise just return the
+   * current debugInfoEnabled state
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   *
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Call this method to enable/disable various debug runtime information in the compiler such as adding
+   * binding information and a reference to the current scope on to DOM elements.
+   * If enabled, the compiler will add the following to DOM elements that have been bound to the scope
+   * * `ng-binding` CSS class
+   * * `$binding` data property containing an array of the binding expressions
+   *
+   * You may want to disable this in production for a significant performance boost. See
+   * {@link guide/production#disabling-debug-data Disabling Debug Data} for more.
+   *
+   * The default value is true.
+   */
+  var debugInfoEnabled = true;
+  this.debugInfoEnabled = function(enabled) {
+    if (isDefined(enabled)) {
+      debugInfoEnabled = enabled;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return debugInfoEnabled;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = [
+            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$templateRequest', '$parse',
+            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$document', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
+    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $templateRequest,   $parse,
+             $controller,   $rootScope,   $document,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {
+
+    var Attributes = function(element, attributesToCopy) {
+      if (attributesToCopy) {
+        var keys = Object.keys(attributesToCopy);
+        var i, l, key;
+
+        for (i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
+          key = keys[i];
+          this[key] = attributesToCopy[key];
+        }
+      } else {
+        this.$attr = {};
+      }
+
+      this.$$element = element;
+    };
+
+    Attributes.prototype = {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$normalize
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Converts an attribute name (e.g. dash/colon/underscore-delimited string, optionally prefixed with `x-` or
+       * `data-`) to its normalized, camelCase form.
+       *
+       * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+       *
+       * For further information check out the guide on {@link guide/directive#matching-directives Matching Directives}
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Name to normalize
+       */
+      $normalize: directiveNormalize,
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
+       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
+       */
+      $addClass: function(classVal) {
+        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
+       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
+       */
+      $removeClass: function(classVal) {
+        if (classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
+       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
+       *
+       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
+       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
+       */
+      $updateClass: function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
+        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
+        if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
+        }
+
+        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
+        if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
+       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
+       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
+       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
+       *     Defaults to true.
+       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
+       */
+      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
+        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
+        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
+        //become unstable.
+
+        var node = this.$$element[0],
+            booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(node, key),
+            aliasedKey = getAliasedAttrName(node, key),
+            observer = key,
+            nodeName;
+
+        if (booleanKey) {
+          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
+          attrName = booleanKey;
+        } else if (aliasedKey) {
+          this[aliasedKey] = value;
+          observer = aliasedKey;
+        }
+
+        this[key] = value;
+
+        // translate normalized key to actual key
+        if (attrName) {
+          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
+        } else {
+          attrName = this.$attr[key];
+          if (!attrName) {
+            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
+          }
+        }
+
+        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);
+
+        if ((nodeName === 'a' && key === 'href') ||
+            (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'src')) {
+          // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
+          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
+        } else if (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'srcset') {
+          // sanitize img[srcset] values
+          var result = "";
+
+          // first check if there are spaces because it's not the same pattern
+          var trimmedSrcset = trim(value);
+          //                (   999x   ,|   999w   ,|   ,|,   )
+          var srcPattern = /(\s+\d+x\s*,|\s+\d+w\s*,|\s+,|,\s+)/;
+          var pattern = /\s/.test(trimmedSrcset) ? srcPattern : /(,)/;
+
+          // split srcset into tuple of uri and descriptor except for the last item
+          var rawUris = trimmedSrcset.split(pattern);
+
+          // for each tuples
+          var nbrUrisWith2parts = Math.floor(rawUris.length / 2);
+          for (var i = 0; i < nbrUrisWith2parts; i++) {
+            var innerIdx = i * 2;
+            // sanitize the uri
+            result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(rawUris[innerIdx]), true);
+            // add the descriptor
+            result += (" " + trim(rawUris[innerIdx + 1]));
+          }
+
+          // split the last item into uri and descriptor
+          var lastTuple = trim(rawUris[i * 2]).split(/\s/);
+
+          // sanitize the last uri
+          result += $$sanitizeUri(trim(lastTuple[0]), true);
+
+          // and add the last descriptor if any
+          if (lastTuple.length === 2) {
+            result += (" " + trim(lastTuple[1]));
+          }
+          this[key] = value = result;
+        }
+
+        if (writeAttr !== false) {
+          if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
+          } else {
+            this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // fire observers
+        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
+        $$observers && forEach($$observers[observer], function(fn) {
+          try {
+            fn(value);
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        });
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
+       *
+       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
+       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
+       * changes.
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
+       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
+                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
+       *        See the {@link guide/directive#text-and-attribute-bindings Directives} guide for more info.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this observer.
+       */
+      $observe: function(key, fn) {
+        var attrs = this,
+            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = createMap())),
+            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));
+
+        listeners.push(fn);
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          if (!listeners.$$inter && attrs.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
+            fn(attrs[key]);
+          }
+        });
+
+        return function() {
+          arrayRemove(listeners, fn);
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+
+    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
+      try {
+        $element.addClass(className);
+      } catch (e) {
+        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
+        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' || endSymbol  == '}}')
+            ? identity
+            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
+              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
+        },
+        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;
+
+    compile.$$addBindingInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingInfo($element, binding) {
+      var bindings = $element.data('$binding') || [];
+
+      if (isArray(binding)) {
+        bindings = bindings.concat(binding);
+      } else {
+        bindings.push(binding);
+      }
+
+      $element.data('$binding', bindings);
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addBindingClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addBindingClass($element) {
+      safeAddClass($element, 'ng-binding');
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addScopeInfo = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeInfo($element, scope, isolated, noTemplate) {
+      var dataName = isolated ? (noTemplate ? '$isolateScopeNoTemplate' : '$isolateScope') : '$scope';
+      $element.data(dataName, scope);
+    } : noop;
+
+    compile.$$addScopeClass = debugInfoEnabled ? function $$addScopeClass($element, isolated) {
+      safeAddClass($element, isolated ? 'ng-isolate-scope' : 'ng-scope');
+    } : noop;
+
+    return compile;
+
+    //================================
+
+    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                        previousCompileContext) {
+      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
+        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
+        // modify it.
+        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
+      }
+      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
+      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
+      forEach($compileNodes, function(node, index) {
+        if (node.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_TEXT && node.nodeValue.match(/\S+/) /* non-empty */ ) {
+          $compileNodes[index] = jqLite(node).wrap('<span></span>').parent()[0];
+        }
+      });
+      var compositeLinkFn =
+              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
+                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+      compile.$$addScopeClass($compileNodes);
+      var namespace = null;
+      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, options) {
+        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
+
+        options = options || {};
+        var parentBoundTranscludeFn = options.parentBoundTranscludeFn,
+          transcludeControllers = options.transcludeControllers,
+          futureParentElement = options.futureParentElement;
+
+        // When `parentBoundTranscludeFn` is passed, it is a
+        // `controllersBoundTransclude` function (it was previously passed
+        // as `transclude` to directive.link) so we must unwrap it to get
+        // its `boundTranscludeFn`
+        if (parentBoundTranscludeFn && parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude) {
+          parentBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn.$$boundTransclude;
+        }
+
+        if (!namespace) {
+          namespace = detectNamespaceForChildElements(futureParentElement);
+        }
+        var $linkNode;
+        if (namespace !== 'html') {
+          // When using a directive with replace:true and templateUrl the $compileNodes
+          // (or a child element inside of them)
+          // might change, so we need to recreate the namespace adapted compileNodes
+          // for call to the link function.
+          // Note: This will already clone the nodes...
+          $linkNode = jqLite(
+            wrapTemplate(namespace, jqLite('<div>').append($compileNodes).html())
+          );
+        } else if (cloneConnectFn) {
+          // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
+          // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
+          $linkNode = JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes);
+        } else {
+          $linkNode = $compileNodes;
+        }
+
+        if (transcludeControllers) {
+          for (var controllerName in transcludeControllers) {
+            $linkNode.data('$' + controllerName + 'Controller', transcludeControllers[controllerName].instance);
+          }
+        }
+
+        compile.$$addScopeInfo($linkNode, scope);
+
+        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
+        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+        return $linkNode;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function detectNamespaceForChildElements(parentElement) {
+      // TODO: Make this detect MathML as well...
+      var node = parentElement && parentElement[0];
+      if (!node) {
+        return 'html';
+      } else {
+        return nodeName_(node) !== 'foreignobject' && node.toString().match(/SVG/) ? 'svg' : 'html';
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
+     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
+     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
+     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
+     *
+     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
+     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
+     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
+     */
+    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                            previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkFns = [],
+          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound, nodeLinkFnFound;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
+        attrs = new Attributes();
+
+        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
+        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
+                                        ignoreDirective);
+
+        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
+            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
+                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
+            : null;
+
+        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+          compile.$$addScopeClass(attrs.$$element);
+        }
+
+        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
+                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
+                      !childNodes.length)
+            ? null
+            : compileNodes(childNodes,
+                 nodeLinkFn ? (
+                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
+                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);
+
+        if (nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn) {
+          linkFns.push(i, nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
+          linkFnFound = true;
+          nodeLinkFnFound = nodeLinkFnFound || nodeLinkFn;
+        }
+
+        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
+        previousCompileContext = null;
+      }
+
+      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
+      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;
+
+      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
+        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, childScope, i, ii, idx, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+        var stableNodeList;
+
+
+        if (nodeLinkFnFound) {
+          // copy nodeList so that if a nodeLinkFn removes or adds an element at this DOM level our
+          // offsets don't get screwed up
+          var nodeListLength = nodeList.length;
+          stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
+
+          // create a sparse array by only copying the elements which have a linkFn
+          for (i = 0; i < linkFns.length; i+=3) {
+            idx = linkFns[i];
+            stableNodeList[idx] = nodeList[idx];
+          }
+        } else {
+          stableNodeList = nodeList;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii;) {
+          node = stableNodeList[linkFns[i++]];
+          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+
+          if (nodeLinkFn) {
+            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+              childScope = scope.$new();
+              compile.$$addScopeInfo(jqLite(node), childScope);
+            } else {
+              childScope = scope;
+            }
+
+            if (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(
+                  scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn,
+                  nodeLinkFn.elementTranscludeOnThisElement);
+
+            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);
+
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
+            }
+
+            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
+
+          } else if (childLinkFn) {
+            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn, elementTransclusion) {
+
+      var boundTranscludeFn = function(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, futureParentElement, containingScope) {
+
+        if (!transcludedScope) {
+          transcludedScope = scope.$new(false, containingScope);
+          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
+        }
+
+        return transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, {
+          parentBoundTranscludeFn: previousBoundTranscludeFn,
+          transcludeControllers: controllers,
+          futureParentElement: futureParentElement
+        });
+      };
+
+      return boundTranscludeFn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
+     * sorted.
+     *
+     * @param node Node to search.
+     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
+     *        the function returns.
+     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     */
+    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
+      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
+          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
+          match,
+          className;
+
+      switch (nodeType) {
+        case NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT: /* Element */
+          // use the node name: <directive>
+          addDirective(directives,
+              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node)), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
+
+          // iterate over the attributes
+          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, isNgAttr, nAttrs = node.attributes,
+                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
+            var attrStartName = false;
+            var attrEndName = false;
+
+            attr = nAttrs[j];
+            name = attr.name;
+            value = trim(attr.value);
+
+            // support ngAttr attribute binding
+            ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
+            if (isNgAttr = NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
+              name = name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, '')
+                .substr(8).replace(/_(.)/g, function(match, letter) {
+                  return letter.toUpperCase();
+                });
+            }
+
+            var directiveNName = ngAttrName.replace(/(Start|End)$/, '');
+            if (directiveIsMultiElement(directiveNName)) {
+              if (ngAttrName === directiveNName + 'Start') {
+                attrStartName = name;
+                attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
+                name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
+              }
+            }
+
+            nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
+            attrsMap[nName] = name;
+            if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
+                attrs[nName] = value;
+                if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
+                  attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
+                }
+            }
+            addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName, isNgAttr);
+            addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
+                          attrEndName);
+          }
+
+          // use class as directive
+          className = node.className;
+          if (isObject(className)) {
+              // Maybe SVGAnimatedString
+              className = className.animVal;
+          }
+          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
+            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
+              }
+              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case NODE_TYPE_TEXT: /* Text Node */
+          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
+          break;
+        case NODE_TYPE_COMMENT: /* Comment */
+          try {
+            match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
+            if (match) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
+            // comment's node value.
+            // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+
+      directives.sort(byPriority);
+      return directives;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
+     * directive-end.
+     * @param node
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {*}
+     */
+    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      var nodes = [];
+      var depth = 0;
+      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
+        do {
+          if (!node) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
+                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
+                      attrStart, attrEnd);
+          }
+          if (node.nodeType == NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
+          }
+          nodes.push(node);
+          node = node.nextSibling;
+        } while (depth > 0);
+      } else {
+        nodes.push(node);
+      }
+
+      return jqLite(nodes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
+     * linking function.
+     * @param linkFn
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {Function}
+     */
+    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      return function(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
+        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
+     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
+     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
+     *
+     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
+     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
+     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
+     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
+     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
+     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
+     *                              on it.
+     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
+     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
+     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
+     *                                        node
+     * @returns {Function} linkFn
+     */
+    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
+                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+                                   previousCompileContext) {
+      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};
+
+      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          newScopeDirective,
+          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
+          controllers,
+          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
+          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
+          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
+          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
+          hasTemplate = false,
+          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
+          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
+          directive,
+          directiveName,
+          $template,
+          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
+          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
+          linkFn,
+          directiveValue;
+
+      // executes all directives on the current element
+      for (var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        directive = directives[i];
+        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
+        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;
+
+        // collect multiblock sections
+        if (attrStart) {
+          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
+        }
+        $template = undefined;
+
+        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
+          break; // prevent further processing of directives
+        }
+
+        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {
+
+          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
+          // directive when the template arrives
+          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
+            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
+              // This directive is trying to add an isolated scope.
+              // Check that there is no scope of any kind already
+              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective,
+                                directive, $compileNode);
+              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
+            } else {
+              // This directive is trying to add a child scope.
+              // Check that there is no isolated scope already
+              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
+                                $compileNode);
+            }
+          }
+
+          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
+        }
+
+        directiveName = directive.name;
+
+        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
+          directiveValue = directive.controller;
+          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || {};
+          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
+              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
+          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
+        }
+
+        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
+          hasTranscludeDirective = true;
+
+          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
+          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
+          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
+          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
+            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
+            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
+            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
+            $template = $compileNode;
+            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
+                jqLite(document.createComment(' ' + directiveName + ': ' +
+                                              templateAttrs[directiveName] + ' '));
+            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, sliceArgs($template), compileNode);
+
+            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
+                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
+                                          // Don't pass in:
+                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
+                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
+                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
+                                          //
+                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
+                                          // on the same element more than once.
+                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+                                        });
+          } else {
+            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
+            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
+            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.template) {
+          hasTemplate = true;
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
+              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
+              : directive.template;
+
+          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
+              $template = [];
+            } else {
+              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(directive.templateNamespace, trim(directiveValue)));
+            }
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
+                  directiveName, '');
+            }
+
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);
+
+            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+
+            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
+            // - take the array of directives for this element
+            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
+            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
+            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
+            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));
+
+            if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
+            }
+            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);
+
+            ii = directives.length;
+          } else {
+            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.templateUrl) {
+          hasTemplate = true;
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
+              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
+                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
+                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
+                templateDirective: templateDirective,
+                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+              });
+          ii = directives.length;
+        } else if (directive.compile) {
+          try {
+            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
+            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
+              addLinkFns(null, linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            } else if (linkFn) {
+              addLinkFns(linkFn.pre, linkFn.post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.terminal) {
+          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
+          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
+      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
+      nodeLinkFn.elementTranscludeOnThisElement = hasElementTranscludeDirective;
+      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
+      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;
+
+      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;
+
+      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
+      return nodeLinkFn;
+
+      ////////////////////
+
+      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+        if (pre) {
+          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          pre.require = directive.require;
+          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          preLinkFns.push(pre);
+        }
+        if (post) {
+          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          post.require = directive.require;
+          post.directiveName = directiveName;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          postLinkFns.push(post);
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
+        var value, retrievalMethod = 'data', optional = false;
+        var $searchElement = $element;
+        var match;
+        if (isString(require)) {
+          match = require.match(REQUIRE_PREFIX_REGEXP);
+          require = require.substring(match[0].length);
+
+          if (match[3]) {
+            if (match[1]) match[3] = null;
+            else match[1] = match[3];
+          }
+          if (match[1] === '^') {
+            retrievalMethod = 'inheritedData';
+          } else if (match[1] === '^^') {
+            retrievalMethod = 'inheritedData';
+            $searchElement = $element.parent();
+          }
+          if (match[2] === '?') {
+            optional = true;
+          }
+
+          value = null;
+
+          if (elementControllers && retrievalMethod === 'data') {
+            if (value = elementControllers[require]) {
+              value = value.instance;
+            }
+          }
+          value = value || $searchElement[retrievalMethod]('$' + require + 'Controller');
+
+          if (!value && !optional) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
+                "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
+                require, directiveName);
+          }
+          return value || null;
+        } else if (isArray(require)) {
+          value = [];
+          forEach(require, function(require) {
+            value.push(getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers));
+          });
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+
+
+      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var i, ii, linkFn, controller, isolateScope, elementControllers, transcludeFn, $element,
+            attrs;
+
+        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
+          attrs = templateAttrs;
+          $element = templateAttrs.$$element;
+        } else {
+          $element = jqLite(linkNode);
+          attrs = new Attributes($element, templateAttrs);
+        }
+
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);
+        }
+
+        if (boundTranscludeFn) {
+          // track `boundTranscludeFn` so it can be unwrapped if `transcludeFn`
+          // is later passed as `parentBoundTranscludeFn` to `publicLinkFn`
+          transcludeFn = controllersBoundTransclude;
+          transcludeFn.$$boundTransclude = boundTranscludeFn;
+        }
+
+        if (controllerDirectives) {
+          // TODO: merge `controllers` and `elementControllers` into single object.
+          controllers = {};
+          elementControllers = {};
+          forEach(controllerDirectives, function(directive) {
+            var locals = {
+              $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element: $element,
+              $attrs: attrs,
+              $transclude: transcludeFn
+            }, controllerInstance;
+
+            controller = directive.controller;
+            if (controller == '@') {
+              controller = attrs[directive.name];
+            }
+
+            controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals, true, directive.controllerAs);
+
+            // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment,
+            // but jQuery .data doesn't support attaching data to comment nodes as it's hard to
+            // clean up (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/8335).
+            // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
+            // later, once we have the actual element.
+            elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
+            if (!hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+              $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance.instance);
+            }
+
+            controllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          compile.$$addScopeInfo($element, isolateScope, true, !(templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
+              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)));
+          compile.$$addScopeClass($element, true);
+
+          var isolateScopeController = controllers && controllers[newIsolateScopeDirective.name];
+          var isolateBindingContext = isolateScope;
+          if (isolateScopeController && isolateScopeController.identifier &&
+              newIsolateScopeDirective.bindToController === true) {
+            isolateBindingContext = isolateScopeController.instance;
+          }
+
+          forEach(isolateScope.$$isolateBindings = newIsolateScopeDirective.$$isolateBindings, function(definition, scopeName) {
+            var attrName = definition.attrName,
+                optional = definition.optional,
+                mode = definition.mode, // @, =, or &
+                lastValue,
+                parentGet, parentSet, compare;
+
+            switch (mode) {
+
+              case '@':
+                attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
+                  isolateBindingContext[scopeName] = value;
+                });
+                attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
+                if (attrs[attrName]) {
+                  // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
+                  // the value is there for use in the link fn
+                  isolateBindingContext[scopeName] = $interpolate(attrs[attrName])(scope);
+                }
+                break;
+
+              case '=':
+                if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) {
+                  return;
+                }
+                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+                if (parentGet.literal) {
+                  compare = equals;
+                } else {
+                  compare = function(a, b) { return a === b || (a !== a && b !== b); };
+                }
+                parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
+                  // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
+                  lastValue = isolateBindingContext[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+                  throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
+                      "Expression '{0}' used with directive '{1}' is non-assignable!",
+                      attrs[attrName], newIsolateScopeDirective.name);
+                };
+                lastValue = isolateBindingContext[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+                var parentValueWatch = function parentValueWatch(parentValue) {
+                  if (!compare(parentValue, isolateBindingContext[scopeName])) {
+                    // we are out of sync and need to copy
+                    if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
+                      // parent changed and it has precedence
+                      isolateBindingContext[scopeName] = parentValue;
+                    } else {
+                      // if the parent can be assigned then do so
+                      parentSet(scope, parentValue = isolateBindingContext[scopeName]);
+                    }
+                  }
+                  return lastValue = parentValue;
+                };
+                parentValueWatch.$stateful = true;
+                var unwatch;
+                if (definition.collection) {
+                  unwatch = scope.$watchCollection(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch);
+                } else {
+                  unwatch = scope.$watch($parse(attrs[attrName], parentValueWatch), null, parentGet.literal);
+                }
+                isolateScope.$on('$destroy', unwatch);
+                break;
+
+              case '&':
+                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+                isolateBindingContext[scopeName] = function(locals) {
+                  return parentGet(scope, locals);
+                };
+                break;
+            }
+          });
+        }
+        if (controllers) {
+          forEach(controllers, function(controller) {
+            controller();
+          });
+          controllers = null;
+        }
+
+        // PRELINKING
+        for (i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
+          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
+              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element,
+              attrs,
+              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
+              transcludeFn
+          );
+        }
+
+        // RECURSION
+        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
+        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
+        var scopeToChild = scope;
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
+          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
+        }
+        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
+
+        // POSTLINKING
+        for (i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
+          invokeLinkFn(linkFn,
+              linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element,
+              attrs,
+              linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers),
+              transcludeFn
+          );
+        }
+
+        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
+        // Note: all arguments are optional!
+        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn, futureParentElement) {
+          var transcludeControllers;
+
+          // No scope passed in:
+          if (!isScope(scope)) {
+            futureParentElement = cloneAttachFn;
+            cloneAttachFn = scope;
+            scope = undefined;
+          }
+
+          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
+          }
+          if (!futureParentElement) {
+            futureParentElement = hasElementTranscludeDirective ? $element.parent() : $element;
+          }
+          return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers, futureParentElement, scopeToChild);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function markDirectivesAsIsolate(directives) {
+      // mark all directives as needing isolate scope.
+      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
+        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: true});
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
+     * call this the boundDirective.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
+     *   String containing any of theses characters:
+     *
+     *   * `E`: element name
+     *   * `A': attribute
+     *   * `C`: class
+     *   * `M`: comment
+     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
+     */
+    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
+                          endAttrName) {
+      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
+      var match = null;
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          try {
+            directive = directives[i];
+            if ((maxPriority === undefined || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
+                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
+              if (startAttrName) {
+                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
+              }
+              tDirectives.push(directive);
+              match = directive;
+            }
+          } catch (e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
+        }
+      }
+      return match;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and returns true if it is a multi-element directive,
+     * and therefore requires DOM nodes between -start and -end markers to be grouped
+     * together.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @returns true if directive was registered as multi-element.
+     */
+    function directiveIsMultiElement(name) {
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for (var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          directive = directives[i];
+          if (directive.multiElement) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
+     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
+     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
+     *
+     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
+     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
+     */
+    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
+      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
+          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
+          $element = dst.$$element;
+
+      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
+      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
+          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
+            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
+          }
+          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
+      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
+        if (key == 'class') {
+          safeAddClass($element, value);
+          dst['class'] = (dst['class'] ? dst['class'] + ' ' : '') + value;
+        } else if (key == 'style') {
+          $element.attr('style', $element.attr('style') + ';' + value);
+          dst['style'] = (dst['style'] ? dst['style'] + ';' : '') + value;
+          // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
+          // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
+          // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
+        } else if (key.charAt(0) != '$' && !dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          dst[key] = value;
+          dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
+        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkQueue = [],
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
+          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
+          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
+          derivedSyncDirective = inherit(origAsyncDirective, {
+            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
+          }),
+          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
+              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
+              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl,
+          templateNamespace = origAsyncDirective.templateNamespace;
+
+      $compileNode.empty();
+
+      $templateRequest($sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(templateUrl))
+        .then(function(content) {
+          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);
+
+          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
+            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
+              $template = [];
+            } else {
+              $template = removeComments(wrapTemplate(templateNamespace, trim(content)));
+            }
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== NODE_TYPE_ELEMENT) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
+                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
+            }
+
+            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);
+
+            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
+              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
+            }
+            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
+          } else {
+            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
+            $compileNode.html(content);
+          }
+
+          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);
+
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
+              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+              previousCompileContext);
+          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
+            if (node == compileNode) {
+              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
+            }
+          });
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);
+
+          while (linkQueue.length) {
+            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
+                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
+                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkNode = $compileNode[0];
+
+            if (scope.$$destroyed) continue;
+
+            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
+              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;
+
+              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
+                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
+                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
+                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
+              }
+              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);
+
+              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
+              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
+            }
+            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+            }
+            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
+              childBoundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+          linkQueue = null;
+        });
+
+      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+        if (scope.$$destroyed) return;
+        if (linkQueue) {
+          linkQueue.push(scope,
+                         node,
+                         rootElement,
+                         childBoundTranscludeFn);
+        } else {
+          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
+            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sorting function for bound directives.
+     */
+    function byPriority(a, b) {
+      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
+      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
+      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
+      return a.index - b.index;
+    }
+
+
+    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
+      if (previousDirective) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}, {1}] asking for {2} on: {3}',
+            previousDirective.name, directive.name, what, startingTag(element));
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
+      if (interpolateFn) {
+        directives.push({
+          priority: 0,
+          compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
+            var templateNodeParent = templateNode.parent(),
+                hasCompileParent = !!templateNodeParent.length;
+
+            // When transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
+            // we don't have a parent and thus need to add the class during linking fn.
+            if (hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(templateNodeParent);
+
+            return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
+              var parent = node.parent();
+              if (!hasCompileParent) compile.$$addBindingClass(parent);
+              compile.$$addBindingInfo(parent, interpolateFn.expressions);
+              scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
+                node[0].nodeValue = value;
+              });
+            };
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function wrapTemplate(type, template) {
+      type = lowercase(type || 'html');
+      switch (type) {
+      case 'svg':
+      case 'math':
+        var wrapper = document.createElement('div');
+        wrapper.innerHTML = '<' + type + '>' + template + '</' + type + '>';
+        return wrapper.childNodes[0].childNodes;
+      default:
+        return template;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
+      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
+        return $sce.HTML;
+      }
+      var tag = nodeName_(node);
+      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
+      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
+          (tag == "form" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
+          (tag != "img" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
+                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
+        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name, allOrNothing) {
+      var trustedContext = getTrustedContext(node, name);
+      allOrNothing = ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS[name] || allOrNothing;
+
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+
+      // no interpolation found -> ignore
+      if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+
+      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "select") {
+        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
+            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
+            startingTag(node));
+      }
+
+      directives.push({
+        priority: 100,
+        compile: function() {
+            return {
+              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = {}));
+
+                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
+                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
+                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
+                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
+                }
+
+                // If the attribute has changed since last $interpolate()ed
+                var newValue = attr[name];
+                if (newValue !== value) {
+                  // we need to interpolate again since the attribute value has been updated
+                  // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
+                  // ensure unset/empty values make interpolateFn falsy
+                  interpolateFn = newValue && $interpolate(newValue, true, trustedContext, allOrNothing);
+                  value = newValue;
+                }
+
+                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
+                // register any observers
+                if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+                // initialize attr object so that it's ready in case we need the value for isolate
+                // scope initialization, otherwise the value would not be available from isolate
+                // directive's linking fn during linking phase
+                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
+
+                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
+                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
+                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
+                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
+                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
+                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
+                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
+                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
+                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
+                    if (name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
+                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
+                    } else {
+                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
+                    }
+                  });
+              }
+            };
+          }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
+     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
+     *
+     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
+     *                               in the root of the tree.
+     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
+     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
+     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
+     */
+    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
+      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
+          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
+          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
+          i, ii;
+
+      if ($rootElement) {
+        for (i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
+            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
+            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
+                     jj = $rootElement.length;
+                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
+              if (j2 < jj) {
+                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
+              } else {
+                delete $rootElement[j];
+              }
+            }
+            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
+
+            // If the replaced element is also the jQuery .context then replace it
+            // .context is a deprecated jQuery api, so we should set it only when jQuery set it
+            // http://api.jquery.com/context/
+            if ($rootElement.context === firstElementToRemove) {
+              $rootElement.context = newNode;
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (parent) {
+        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
+      }
+
+      // TODO(perf): what's this document fragment for? is it needed? can we at least reuse it?
+      var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+      fragment.appendChild(firstElementToRemove);
+
+      // Copy over user data (that includes Angular's $scope etc.). Don't copy private
+      // data here because there's no public interface in jQuery to do that and copying over
+      // event listeners (which is the main use of private data) wouldn't work anyway.
+      jqLite(newNode).data(jqLite(firstElementToRemove).data());
+
+      // Remove data of the replaced element. We cannot just call .remove()
+      // on the element it since that would deallocate scope that is needed
+      // for the new node. Instead, remove the data "manually".
+      if (!jQuery) {
+        delete jqLite.cache[firstElementToRemove[jqLite.expando]];
+      } else {
+        // jQuery 2.x doesn't expose the data storage. Use jQuery.cleanData to clean up after
+        // the replaced element. The cleanData version monkey-patched by Angular would cause
+        // the scope to be trashed and we do need the very same scope to work with the new
+        // element. However, we cannot just cache the non-patched version and use it here as
+        // that would break if another library patches the method after Angular does (one
+        // example is jQuery UI). Instead, set a flag indicating scope destroying should be
+        // skipped this one time.
+        skipDestroyOnNextJQueryCleanData = true;
+        jQuery.cleanData([firstElementToRemove]);
+      }
+
+      for (var k = 1, kk = elementsToRemove.length; k < kk; k++) {
+        var element = elementsToRemove[k];
+        jqLite(element).remove(); // must do this way to clean up expando
+        fragment.appendChild(element);
+        delete elementsToRemove[k];
+      }
+
+      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
+      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
+      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
+    }
+
+
+    function invokeLinkFn(linkFn, scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+      try {
+        linkFn(scope, $element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      } catch (e) {
+        $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+      }
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^((?:x|data)[\:\-_])/i;
+/**
+ * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function directiveNormalize(name) {
+  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
+ * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
+ * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
+ * needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Set DOM element attribute value.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
+ *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
+ *          property to the original name.
+ * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
+ */
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Closure compiler type information
+ */
+
+function nodesetLinkingFn(
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+) {}
+
+function directiveLinkingFn(
+  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* Node */ node,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+) {}
+
+function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
+  var values = '',
+      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
+      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);
+
+  outer:
+  for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+    var token = tokens1[i];
+    for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+      if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+    }
+    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
+  }
+  return values;
+}
+
+function removeComments(jqNodes) {
+  jqNodes = jqLite(jqNodes);
+  var i = jqNodes.length;
+
+  if (i <= 1) {
+    return jqNodes;
+  }
+
+  while (i--) {
+    var node = jqNodes[i];
+    if (node.nodeType === NODE_TYPE_COMMENT) {
+      splice.call(jqNodes, i, 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return jqNodes;
+}
+
+var $controllerMinErr = minErr('$controller');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $controllerProvider
+ * @description
+ * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
+ * controllers.
+ *
+ * This provider allows controller registration via the
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
+ */
+function $ControllerProvider() {
+  var controllers = {},
+      globals = false,
+      CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+(\w+))?$/;
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $controllerProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
+   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
+   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
+   *    annotations in the array notation).
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      extend(controllers, name);
+    } else {
+      controllers[name] = constructor;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $controllerProvider#allowGlobals
+   * @description If called, allows `$controller` to find controller constructors on `window`
+   */
+  this.allowGlobals = function() {
+    globals = true;
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $controller
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
+     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
+     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
+     *
+     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
+     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
+     *    * if $controllerProvider#allowGlobals, check `window[constructor]` on the global
+     *      `window` object (not recommended)
+     *
+     *    The string can use the `controller as property` syntax, where the controller instance is published
+     *    as the specified property on the `scope`; the `scope` must be injected into `locals` param for this
+     *    to work correctly.
+     *
+     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
+     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
+     *
+     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
+     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
+     */
+    return function(expression, locals, later, ident) {
+      // PRIVATE API:
+      //   param `later` --- indicates that the controller's constructor is invoked at a later time.
+      //                     If true, $controller will allocate the object with the correct
+      //                     prototype chain, but will not invoke the controller until a returned
+      //                     callback is invoked.
+      //   param `ident` --- An optional label which overrides the label parsed from the controller
+      //                     expression, if any.
+      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;
+      later = later === true;
+      if (ident && isString(ident)) {
+        identifier = ident;
+      }
+
+      if (isString(expression)) {
+        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG);
+        if (!match) {
+          throw $controllerMinErr('ctrlfmt',
+            "Badly formed controller string '{0}'. " +
+            "Must match `__name__ as __id__` or `__name__`.", expression);
+        }
+        constructor = match[1],
+        identifier = identifier || match[3];
+        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
+            ? controllers[constructor]
+            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) ||
+                (globals ? getter($window, constructor, true) : undefined);
+
+        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
+      }
+
+      if (later) {
+        // Instantiate controller later:
+        // This machinery is used to create an instance of the object before calling the
+        // controller's constructor itself.
+        //
+        // This allows properties to be added to the controller before the constructor is
+        // invoked. Primarily, this is used for isolate scope bindings in $compile.
+        //
+        // This feature is not intended for use by applications, and is thus not documented
+        // publicly.
+        // Object creation: http://jsperf.com/create-constructor/2
+        var controllerPrototype = (isArray(expression) ?
+          expression[expression.length - 1] : expression).prototype;
+        instance = Object.create(controllerPrototype || null);
+
+        if (identifier) {
+          addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+        }
+
+        return extend(function() {
+          $injector.invoke(expression, instance, locals, constructor);
+          return instance;
+        }, {
+          instance: instance,
+          identifier: identifier
+        });
+      }
+
+      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals, constructor);
+
+      if (identifier) {
+        addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, constructor || expression.name);
+      }
+
+      return instance;
+    };
+
+    function addIdentifier(locals, identifier, instance, name) {
+      if (!(locals && isObject(locals.$scope))) {
+        throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
+          "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
+          name, identifier);
+      }
+
+      locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $document
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="documentExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
+         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('documentExample', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$document', function($scope, $document) {
+           $scope.title = $document[0].title;
+           $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
+         }]);
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $DocumentProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', function(window) {
+    return jqLite(window.document);
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $exceptionHandler
+ * @requires ng.$log
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
+ * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
+ * the browser console.
+ *
+ * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
+ * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
+ *
+ * ## Example:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   angular.module('exceptionOverride', []).factory('$exceptionHandler', function() {
+ *     return function(exception, cause) {
+ *       exception.message += ' (caused by "' + cause + '")';
+ *       throw exception;
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This example will override the normal action of `$exceptionHandler`, to make angular
+ * exceptions fail hard when they happen, instead of just logging to the console.
+ *
+ * <hr />
+ * Note, that code executed in event-listeners (even those registered using jqLite's `on`/`bind`
+ * methods) does not delegate exceptions to the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler}
+ * (unless executed during a digest).
+ *
+ * If you wish, you can manually delegate exceptions, e.g.
+ * `try { ... } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }`
+ *
+ * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
+ * @param {string=} cause optional information about the context in which
+ *       the error was thrown.
+ *
+ */
+function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
+    return function(exception, cause) {
+      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+var APPLICATION_JSON = 'application/json';
+var CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': APPLICATION_JSON + ';charset=utf-8'};
+var JSON_START = /^\[|^\{(?!\{)/;
+var JSON_ENDS = {
+  '[': /]$/,
+  '{': /}$/
+};
+var JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/;
+
+function defaultHttpResponseTransform(data, headers) {
+  if (isString(data)) {
+    // Strip json vulnerability protection prefix and trim whitespace
+    var tempData = data.replace(JSON_PROTECTION_PREFIX, '').trim();
+
+    if (tempData) {
+      var contentType = headers('Content-Type');
+      if ((contentType && (contentType.indexOf(APPLICATION_JSON) === 0)) || isJsonLike(tempData)) {
+        data = fromJson(tempData);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+function isJsonLike(str) {
+    var jsonStart = str.match(JSON_START);
+    return jsonStart && JSON_ENDS[jsonStart[0]].test(str);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse headers into key value object
+ *
+ * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
+ * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
+ */
+function parseHeaders(headers) {
+  var parsed = createMap(), key, val, i;
+
+  if (!headers) return parsed;
+
+  forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
+    i = line.indexOf(':');
+    key = lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i)));
+    val = trim(line.substr(i + 1));
+
+    if (key) {
+      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
+    }
+  });
+
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
+ *
+ * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
+ * @see parseHeaders
+ *
+ * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
+ * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
+ *
+ *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
+ *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
+ */
+function headersGetter(headers) {
+  var headersObj = isObject(headers) ? headers : undefined;
+
+  return function(name) {
+    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);
+
+    if (name) {
+      var value = headersObj[lowercase(name)];
+      if (value === void 0) {
+        value = null;
+      }
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    return headersObj;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Chain all given functions
+ *
+ * This function is used for both request and response transforming
+ *
+ * @param {*} data Data to transform.
+ * @param {function(string=)} headers HTTP headers getter fn.
+ * @param {number} status HTTP status code of the response.
+ * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
+ * @returns {*} Transformed data.
+ */
+function transformData(data, headers, status, fns) {
+  if (isFunction(fns))
+    return fns(data, headers, status);
+
+  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
+    data = fn(data, headers, status);
+  });
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+function isSuccess(status) {
+  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $httpProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use `$httpProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ng.$http $http} service.
+ * */
+function $HttpProvider() {
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#defaults
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Object containing default values for all {@link ng.$http $http} requests.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.cache`** - {Object} - an object built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}
+   * that will provide the cache for all requests who set their `cache` property to `true`.
+   * If you set the `default.cache = false` then only requests that specify their own custom
+   * cache object will be cached. See {@link $http#caching $http Caching} for more information.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.xsrfCookieName`** - {string} - Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+   * Defaults value is `'XSRF-TOKEN'`.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.xsrfHeaderName`** - {string} - Name of HTTP header to populate with the
+   * XSRF token. Defaults value is `'X-XSRF-TOKEN'`.
+   *
+   * - **`defaults.headers`** - {Object} - Default headers for all $http requests.
+   * Refer to {@link ng.$http#setting-http-headers $http} for documentation on
+   * setting default headers.
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.common`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.post`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.put`**
+   *     - **`defaults.headers.patch`**
+   *
+   **/
+  var defaults = this.defaults = {
+    // transform incoming response data
+    transformResponse: [defaultHttpResponseTransform],
+
+    // transform outgoing request data
+    transformRequest: [function(d) {
+      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) && !isFormData(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
+    }],
+
+    // default headers
+    headers: {
+      common: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
+      },
+      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
+      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
+      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
+    },
+
+    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
+    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN'
+  };
+
+  var useApplyAsync = false;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $httpProvider#useApplyAsync
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Configure $http service to combine processing of multiple http responses received at around
+   * the same time via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync $rootScope.$applyAsync}. This can result in
+   * significant performance improvement for bigger applications that make many HTTP requests
+   * concurrently (common during application bootstrap).
+   *
+   * Defaults to false. If no value is specifed, returns the current configured value.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If true, when requests are loaded, they will schedule a deferred
+   *    "apply" on the next tick, giving time for subsequent requests in a roughly ~10ms window
+   *    to load and share the same digest cycle.
+   *
+   * @returns {boolean|Object} If a value is specified, returns the $httpProvider for chaining.
+   *    otherwise, returns the current configured value.
+   **/
+  this.useApplyAsync = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      useApplyAsync = !!value;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return useApplyAsync;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name $httpProvider#interceptors
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Array containing service factories for all synchronous or asynchronous {@link ng.$http $http}
+   * pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses.
+   *
+   * These service factories are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
+   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
+   *
+   * {@link ng.$http#interceptors Interceptors detailed info}
+   **/
+  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];
+
+  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$browser', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
+      function($httpBackend, $browser, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {
+
+    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');
+
+    /**
+     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
+     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
+     * server request.
+     */
+    var reversedInterceptors = [];
+
+    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
+      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
+          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @kind function
+     * @name $http
+     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
+     * @requires $cacheFactory
+     * @requires $rootScope
+     * @requires $q
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
+     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
+     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
+     *
+     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
+     *
+     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
+     * $resource} service.
+     *
+     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
+     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
+     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## General usage
+     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a configuration object —
+     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}
+     * with two $http specific methods: `success` and `error`.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // Simple GET request example :
+     *   $http.get('/someUrl').
+     *     success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
+     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
+     *       // when the response is available
+     *     }).
+     *     error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
+     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
+     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
+     *     });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // Simple POST request example (passing data) :
+     *   $http.post('/someUrl', {msg:'hello word!'}).
+     *     success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
+     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
+     *       // when the response is available
+     *     }).
+     *     error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
+     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
+     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
+     *     });
+     * ```
+     *
+     *
+     * Since the returned value of calling the $http function is a `promise`, you can also use
+     * the `then` method to register callbacks, and these callbacks will receive a single argument –
+     * an object representing the response. See the API signature and type info below for more
+     * details.
+     *
+     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and
+     * will result in the success callback being called. Note that if the response is a redirect,
+     * XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning that the error callback will not be
+     * called for such responses.
+     *
+     * ## Writing Unit Tests that use $http
+     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
+     * request using trained responses.
+     *
+     * ```
+     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
+     * $http.get(...);
+     * $httpBackend.flush();
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Shortcut methods
+     *
+     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
+     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   $http.get('/someUrl').success(successCallback);
+     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data).success(successCallback);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
+     *
+     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#patch $http.patch}
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Setting HTTP Headers
+     *
+     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
+     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
+     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
+     *
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
+     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     *
+     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
+     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
+     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
+     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }.
+     *
+     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
+     * fashion. For example:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * module.run(function($http) {
+     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w'
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
+     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
+     *
+     * To explicitly remove a header automatically added via $httpProvider.defaults.headers on a per request basis,
+     * Use the `headers` property, setting the desired header to `undefined`. For example:
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * var req = {
+     *  method: 'POST',
+     *  url: 'http://example.com',
+     *  headers: {
+     *    'Content-Type': undefined
+     *  },
+     *  data: { test: 'test' },
+     * }
+     *
+     * $http(req).success(function(){...}).error(function(){...});
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Transforming Requests and Responses
+     *
+     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transformation functions: `transformRequest`
+     * and `transformResponse`. These properties can be a single function that returns
+     * the transformed value (`function(data, headersGetter, status)`) or an array of such transformation functions,
+     * which allows you to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain.
+     *
+     * ### Default Transformations
+     *
+     * The `$httpProvider` provider and `$http` service expose `defaults.transformRequest` and
+     * `defaults.transformResponse` properties. If a request does not provide its own transformations
+     * then these will be applied.
+     *
+     * You can augment or replace the default transformations by modifying these properties by adding to or
+     * replacing the array.
+     *
+     * Angular provides the following default transformations:
+     *
+     * Request transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$http.defaults.transformRequest`):
+     *
+     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
+     *   into JSON format.
+     *
+     * Response transformations (`$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse` and `$http.defaults.transformResponse`):
+     *
+     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
+     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
+     *
+     *
+     * ### Overriding the Default Transformations Per Request
+     *
+     * If you wish override the request/response transformations only for a single request then provide
+     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties on the configuration object passed
+     * into `$http`.
+     *
+     * Note that if you provide these properties on the config object the default transformations will be
+     * overwritten. If you wish to augment the default transformations then you must include them in your
+     * local transformation array.
+     *
+     * The following code demonstrates adding a new response transformation to be run after the default response
+     * transformations have been run.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * function appendTransform(defaults, transform) {
+     *
+     *   // We can't guarantee that the default transformation is an array
+     *   defaults = angular.isArray(defaults) ? defaults : [defaults];
+     *
+     *   // Append the new transformation to the defaults
+     *   return defaults.concat(transform);
+     * }
+     *
+     * $http({
+     *   url: '...',
+     *   method: 'GET',
+     *   transformResponse: appendTransform($http.defaults.transformResponse, function(value) {
+     *     return doTransform(value);
+     *   })
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Caching
+     *
+     * To enable caching, set the request configuration `cache` property to `true` (to use default
+     * cache) or to a custom cache object (built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}).
+     * When the cache is enabled, `$http` stores the response from the server in the specified
+     * cache. The next time the same request is made, the response is served from the cache without
+     * sending a request to the server.
+     *
+     * Note that even if the response is served from cache, delivery of the data is asynchronous in
+     * the same way that real requests are.
+     *
+     * If there are multiple GET requests for the same URL that should be cached using the same
+     * cache, but the cache is not populated yet, only one request to the server will be made and
+     * the remaining requests will be fulfilled using the response from the first request.
+     *
+     * You can change the default cache to a new object (built with
+     * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}) by updating the
+     * {@link ng.$http#defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property. All requests who set
+     * their `cache` property to `true` will now use this cache object.
+     *
+     * If you set the default cache to `false` then only requests that specify their own custom
+     * cache object will be cached.
+     *
+     * ## Interceptors
+     *
+     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
+     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
+     *
+     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
+     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
+     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
+     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
+     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
+     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
+     *
+     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
+     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
+     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
+     *
+     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
+     *
+     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http `config` object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
+     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
+     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
+     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
+     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   // register the interceptor as a service
+     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'request': function(config) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return config;
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       },
+     *
+     *
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return response;
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     *
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
+     *
+     *
+     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *      'request': function(config) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * ## Security Considerations
+     *
+     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
+     *
+     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
+     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
+     *
+     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
+     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
+     * cooperation is required.
+     *
+     * ### JSON Vulnerability Protection
+     *
+     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
+     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
+     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
+     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
+     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
+     *
+     * For example if your server needs to return:
+     * ```js
+     * ['one','two']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
+     * ```js
+     * )]}',
+     * ['one','two']
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
+     *
+     *
+     * ### Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
+     *
+     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is a technique by which
+     * an unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides a mechanism
+     * to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $http service reads a token from a cookie
+     * (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only
+     * JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that
+     * the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain. The header will not be set for
+     * cross-domain requests.
+     *
+     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
+     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
+     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
+     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
+     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
+     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
+     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography&#41;)
+     * for added security.
+     *
+     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
+     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults at config-time, $http.defaults at run-time,
+     * or the per-request config object.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
+     *    processed. The object has following properties:
+     *
+     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
+     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
+     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be turned
+     *      to `?key1=value1&key2=value2` after the url. If the value is not a string, it will be
+     *      JSONified.
+     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
+     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
+     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
+     *      header will not be sent.
+     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
+     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+     *    - **transformRequest** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
+     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
+     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
+     *    - **transformResponse** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter, status)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter, status)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      response body, headers and status and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
+     *      See {@link ng.$http#overriding-the-default-transformations-per-request
+     *      Overriding the Default Transformations}
+     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
+     *      GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
+     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
+     *      caching.
+     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
+     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
+     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
+     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS#Requests_with_credentials)
+     *      for more information.
+     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
+     *      [requestType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#responseType).
+     *
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q promise} object with the
+     *   standard `then` method and two http specific methods: `success` and `error`. The `then`
+     *   method takes two arguments a success and an error callback which will be called with a
+     *   response object. The `success` and `error` methods take a single argument - a function that
+     *   will be called when the request succeeds or fails respectively. The arguments passed into
+     *   these functions are destructured representation of the response object passed into the
+     *   `then` method. The response object has these properties:
+     *
+     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
+     *     functions.
+     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
+     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
+     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
+     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
+     *
+     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
+     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
+     *
+     *
+     * @example
+<example module="httpExample">
+<file name="index.html">
+  <div ng-controller="FetchController">
+    <select ng-model="method">
+      <option>GET</option>
+      <option>JSONP</option>
+    </select>
+    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80"/>
+    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
+    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
+    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
+                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
+      Sample JSONP
+    </button>
+    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
+        Invalid JSONP
+      </button>
+    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
+    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
+  </div>
+</file>
+<file name="script.js">
+  angular.module('httpExample', [])
+    .controller('FetchController', ['$scope', '$http', '$templateCache',
+      function($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
+        $scope.method = 'GET';
+        $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';
+
+        $scope.fetch = function() {
+          $scope.code = null;
+          $scope.response = null;
+
+          $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
+            success(function(data, status) {
+              $scope.status = status;
+              $scope.data = data;
+            }).
+            error(function(data, status) {
+              $scope.data = data || "Request failed";
+              $scope.status = status;
+          });
+        };
+
+        $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
+          $scope.method = method;
+          $scope.url = url;
+        };
+      }]);
+</file>
+<file name="http-hello.html">
+  Hello, $http!
+</file>
+<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
+  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
+  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
+  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
+  var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
+  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));
+
+  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
+    sampleGetBtn.click();
+    fetchBtn.click();
+    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
+    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
+  });
+
+// Commented out due to flakes. See https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9185
+// it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
+//   sampleJsonpBtn.click();
+//   fetchBtn.click();
+//   expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
+//   expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
+// });
+
+  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
+      function() {
+    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
+    fetchBtn.click();
+    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
+    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+     */
+    function $http(requestConfig) {
+
+      if (!angular.isObject(requestConfig)) {
+        throw minErr('$http')('badreq', 'Http request configuration must be an object.  Received: {0}', requestConfig);
+      }
+
+      var config = extend({
+        method: 'get',
+        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
+        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse
+      }, requestConfig);
+
+      config.headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
+      config.method = uppercase(config.method);
+
+      var serverRequest = function(config) {
+        var headers = config.headers;
+        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), undefined, config.transformRequest);
+
+        // strip content-type if data is undefined
+        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
+          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
+            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
+                delete headers[header];
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
+          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
+        }
+
+        // send request
+        return sendReq(config, reqData).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
+      };
+
+      var chain = [serverRequest, undefined];
+      var promise = $q.when(config);
+
+      // apply interceptors
+      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
+        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
+          chain.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
+        }
+        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
+          chain.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
+        }
+      });
+
+      while (chain.length) {
+        var thenFn = chain.shift();
+        var rejectFn = chain.shift();
+
+        promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
+      }
+
+      promise.success = function(fn) {
+        promise.then(function(response) {
+          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
+        });
+        return promise;
+      };
+
+      promise.error = function(fn) {
+        promise.then(null, function(response) {
+          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
+        });
+        return promise;
+      };
+
+      return promise;
+
+      function transformResponse(response) {
+        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
+        var resp = extend({}, response);
+        if (!response.data) {
+          resp.data = response.data;
+        } else {
+          resp.data = transformData(response.data, response.headers, response.status, config.transformResponse);
+        }
+        return (isSuccess(response.status))
+          ? resp
+          : $q.reject(resp);
+      }
+
+      function executeHeaderFns(headers) {
+        var headerContent, processedHeaders = {};
+
+        forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
+          if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
+            headerContent = headerFn();
+            if (headerContent != null) {
+              processedHeaders[header] = headerContent;
+            }
+          } else {
+            processedHeaders[header] = headerFn;
+          }
+        });
+
+        return processedHeaders;
+      }
+
+      function mergeHeaders(config) {
+        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
+            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
+            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;
+
+        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);
+
+        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unecessary iteration after header has been found
+        defaultHeadersIteration:
+        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
+          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);
+
+          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
+            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
+              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
+            }
+          }
+
+          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
+        }
+
+        // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
+        return executeHeaderFns(reqHeaders);
+      }
+    }
+
+    $http.pendingRequests = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#get
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#delete
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#head
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#jsonp
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
+     *                     The name of the callback should be the string `JSON_CALLBACK`.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#post
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $http#put
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $http#patch
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Shortcut method to perform `PATCH` request.
+      *
+      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+      * @param {*} data Request content
+      * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+      * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+      */
+    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put', 'patch');
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc property
+         * @name $http#defaults
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
+         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
+         *
+         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
+         */
+    $http.defaults = defaults;
+
+
+    return $http;
+
+
+    function createShortMethods(names) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
+          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
+          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url,
+            data: data
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Makes the request.
+     *
+     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
+     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
+     */
+    function sendReq(config, reqData) {
+      var deferred = $q.defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          cache,
+          cachedResp,
+          reqHeaders = config.headers,
+          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.params);
+
+      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
+      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
+
+
+      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false &&
+          (config.method === 'GET' || config.method === 'JSONP')) {
+        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
+              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
+              : defaultCache;
+      }
+
+      if (cache) {
+        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
+        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
+          if (isPromiseLike(cachedResp)) {
+            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
+            cachedResp.then(resolvePromiseWithResult, resolvePromiseWithResult);
+          } else {
+            // serving from cache
+            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3]);
+            } else {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK');
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
+          cache.put(url, promise);
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
+      // send the request to the backend
+      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
+        var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
+            ? $browser.cookies()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
+            : undefined;
+        if (xsrfValue) {
+          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
+        }
+
+        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
+            config.withCredentials, config.responseType);
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+
+
+      /**
+       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
+       *  - caches the response if desired
+       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
+       *  - calls $apply
+       */
+      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText) {
+        if (cache) {
+          if (isSuccess(status)) {
+            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText]);
+          } else {
+            // remove promise from the cache
+            cache.remove(url);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function resolveHttpPromise() {
+          resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText);
+        }
+
+        if (useApplyAsync) {
+          $rootScope.$applyAsync(resolveHttpPromise);
+        } else {
+          resolveHttpPromise();
+          if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
+       */
+      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText) {
+        // normalize internal statuses to 0
+        status = Math.max(status, 0);
+
+        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
+          data: response,
+          status: status,
+          headers: headersGetter(headers),
+          config: config,
+          statusText: statusText
+        });
+      }
+
+      function resolvePromiseWithResult(result) {
+        resolvePromise(result.data, result.status, shallowCopy(result.headers()), result.statusText);
+      }
+
+      function removePendingReq() {
+        var idx = $http.pendingRequests.indexOf(config);
+        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function buildUrl(url, params) {
+      if (!params) return url;
+      var parts = [];
+      forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
+        if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
+        if (!isArray(value)) value = [value];
+
+        forEach(value, function(v) {
+          if (isObject(v)) {
+            if (isDate(v)) {
+              v = v.toISOString();
+            } else {
+              v = toJson(v);
+            }
+          }
+          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' +
+                     encodeUriQuery(v));
+        });
+      });
+      if (parts.length > 0) {
+        url += ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + parts.join('&');
+      }
+      return url;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+function createXhr() {
+    return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $httpBackend
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
+ * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
+ *
+ * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
+ * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
+ *
+ * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
+ * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
+ */
+function $HttpBackendProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$window', '$document', function($browser, $window, $document) {
+    return createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browser.defer, $window.angular.callbacks, $document[0]);
+  }];
+}
+
+function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
+  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
+  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType) {
+    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
+    url = url || $browser.url();
+
+    if (lowercase(method) == 'jsonp') {
+      var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.counter++).toString(36);
+      callbacks[callbackId] = function(data) {
+        callbacks[callbackId].data = data;
+        callbacks[callbackId].called = true;
+      };
+
+      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId),
+          callbackId, function(status, text) {
+        completeRequest(callback, status, callbacks[callbackId].data, "", text);
+        callbacks[callbackId] = noop;
+      });
+    } else {
+
+      var xhr = createXhr();
+
+      xhr.open(method, url, true);
+      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
+        }
+      });
+
+      xhr.onload = function requestLoaded() {
+        var statusText = xhr.statusText || '';
+
+        // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE8 & 9)
+        // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
+        var response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
+
+        // normalize IE9 bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
+        var status = xhr.status === 1223 ? 204 : xhr.status;
+
+        // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
+        // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
+        // while retrieving files from application cache.
+        if (status === 0) {
+          status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol == 'file' ? 404 : 0;
+        }
+
+        completeRequest(callback,
+            status,
+            response,
+            xhr.getAllResponseHeaders(),
+            statusText);
+      };
+
+      var requestError = function() {
+        // The response is always empty
+        // See https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#request-error-steps and https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-network-error
+        completeRequest(callback, -1, null, null, '');
+      };
+
+      xhr.onerror = requestError;
+      xhr.onabort = requestError;
+
+      if (withCredentials) {
+        xhr.withCredentials = true;
+      }
+
+      if (responseType) {
+        try {
+          xhr.responseType = responseType;
+        } catch (e) {
+          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
+          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
+          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
+          // browsers implementing the responseType
+          //
+          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
+          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
+          if (responseType !== 'json') {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      xhr.send(post || null);
+    }
+
+    if (timeout > 0) {
+      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
+    } else if (isPromiseLike(timeout)) {
+      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
+    }
+
+
+    function timeoutRequest() {
+      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
+      xhr && xhr.abort();
+    }
+
+    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText) {
+      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
+      if (timeoutId !== undefined) {
+        $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
+      }
+      jsonpDone = xhr = null;
+
+      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText);
+      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+    }
+  };
+
+  function jsonpReq(url, callbackId, done) {
+    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy shit with script elements, e.g.:
+    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
+    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
+    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
+    script.type = "text/javascript";
+    script.src = url;
+    script.async = true;
+
+    callback = function(event) {
+      removeEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
+      removeEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
+      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
+      script = null;
+      var status = -1;
+      var text = "unknown";
+
+      if (event) {
+        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks[callbackId].called) {
+          event = { type: "error" };
+        }
+        text = event.type;
+        status = event.type === "error" ? 404 : 200;
+      }
+
+      if (done) {
+        done(status, text);
+      }
+    };
+
+    addEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
+    addEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
+    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
+    return callback;
+  }
+}
+
+var $interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $interpolateProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
+ *
+ * @example
+<example module="customInterpolationApp">
+<file name="index.html">
+<script>
+  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);
+
+  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
+    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
+    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
+  });
+
+
+  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
+      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
+  });
+</script>
+<div ng-app="App" ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
+    //demo.label//
+</div>
+</file>
+<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
+    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+ */
+function $InterpolateProvider() {
+  var startSymbol = '{{';
+  var endSymbol = '}}';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.startSymbol = function(value) {
+    if (value) {
+      startSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return startSymbol;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.endSymbol = function(value) {
+    if (value) {
+      endSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return endSymbol;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
+    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
+        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length,
+        escapedStartRegexp = new RegExp(startSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g'),
+        escapedEndRegexp = new RegExp(endSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g');
+
+    function escape(ch) {
+      return '\\\\\\' + ch;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc service
+     * @name $interpolate
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @requires $parse
+     * @requires $sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     *
+     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
+     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
+     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
+     * interpolation markup.
+     *
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
+     *   expect(exp({name:'Angular'}).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * `$interpolate` takes an optional fourth argument, `allOrNothing`. If `allOrNothing` is
+     * `true`, the interpolation function will return `undefined` unless all embedded expressions
+     * evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+     *   var context = {greeting: 'Hello', name: undefined };
+     *
+     *   // default "forgiving" mode
+     *   var exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!');
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello !');
+     *
+     *   // "allOrNothing" mode
+     *   exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!', false, null, true);
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toBeUndefined();
+     *   context.name = 'Angular';
+     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello Angular!');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
+     *
+     * ####Escaped Interpolation
+     * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
+     * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
+     * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
+     * or binding.
+     *
+     * This enables web-servers to prevent script injection attacks and defacing attacks, to some
+     * degree, while also enabling code examples to work without relying on the
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngNonBindable ngNonBindable} directive.
+     *
+     * **For security purposes, it is strongly encouraged that web servers escape user-supplied data,
+     * replacing angle brackets (&lt;, &gt;) with &amp;lt; and &amp;gt; respectively, and replacing all
+     * interpolation start/end markers with their escaped counterparts.**
+     *
+     * Escaped interpolation markers are only replaced with the actual interpolation markers in rendered
+     * output when the $interpolate service processes the text. So, for HTML elements interpolated
+     * by {@link ng.$compile $compile}, or otherwise interpolated with the `mustHaveExpression` parameter
+     * set to `true`, the interpolated text must contain an unescaped interpolation expression. As such,
+     * this is typically useful only when user-data is used in rendering a template from the server, or
+     * when otherwise untrusted data is used by a directive.
+     *
+     * <example>
+     *  <file name="index.html">
+     *    <div ng-init="username='A user'">
+     *      <p ng-init="apptitle='Escaping demo'">{{apptitle}}: \{\{ username = "defaced value"; \}\}
+     *        </p>
+     *      <p><strong>{{username}}</strong> attempts to inject code which will deface the
+     *        application, but fails to accomplish their task, because the server has correctly
+     *        escaped the interpolation start/end markers with REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash)
+     *        characters.</p>
+     *      <p>Instead, the result of the attempted script injection is visible, and can be removed
+     *        from the database by an administrator.</p>
+     *    </div>
+     *  </file>
+     * </example>
+     *
+     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
+     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
+     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
+     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
+     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
+     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
+     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
+     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
+     * @param {boolean=} allOrNothing if `true`, then the returned function returns undefined
+     *    unless all embedded expressions evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
+     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
+     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
+     *
+     * - `context`: evaluation context for all expressions embedded in the interpolated text
+     */
+    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing) {
+      allOrNothing = !!allOrNothing;
+      var startIndex,
+          endIndex,
+          index = 0,
+          expressions = [],
+          parseFns = [],
+          textLength = text.length,
+          exp,
+          concat = [],
+          expressionPositions = [];
+
+      while (index < textLength) {
+        if (((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
+             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1)) {
+          if (index !== startIndex) {
+            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index, startIndex)));
+          }
+          exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex);
+          expressions.push(exp);
+          parseFns.push($parse(exp, parseStringifyInterceptor));
+          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
+          expressionPositions.push(concat.length);
+          concat.push('');
+        } else {
+          // we did not find an interpolation, so we have to add the remainder to the separators array
+          if (index !== textLength) {
+            concat.push(unescapeText(text.substring(index)));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
+      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
+      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
+      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
+      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
+      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
+      if (trustedContext && concat.length > 1) {
+          throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
+              "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
+              "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
+              "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
+      }
+
+      if (!mustHaveExpression || expressions.length) {
+        var compute = function(values) {
+          for (var i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            if (allOrNothing && isUndefined(values[i])) return;
+            concat[expressionPositions[i]] = values[i];
+          }
+          return concat.join('');
+        };
+
+        var getValue = function(value) {
+          return trustedContext ?
+            $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, value) :
+            $sce.valueOf(value);
+        };
+
+        var stringify = function(value) {
+          if (value == null) { // null || undefined
+            return '';
+          }
+          switch (typeof value) {
+            case 'string':
+              break;
+            case 'number':
+              value = '' + value;
+              break;
+            default:
+              value = toJson(value);
+          }
+
+          return value;
+        };
+
+        return extend(function interpolationFn(context) {
+            var i = 0;
+            var ii = expressions.length;
+            var values = new Array(ii);
+
+            try {
+              for (; i < ii; i++) {
+                values[i] = parseFns[i](context);
+              }
+
+              return compute(values);
+            } catch (err) {
+              var newErr = $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text,
+                  err.toString());
+              $exceptionHandler(newErr);
+            }
+
+          }, {
+          // all of these properties are undocumented for now
+          exp: text, //just for compatibility with regular watchers created via $watch
+          expressions: expressions,
+          $$watchDelegate: function(scope, listener, objectEquality) {
+            var lastValue;
+            return scope.$watchGroup(parseFns, function interpolateFnWatcher(values, oldValues) {
+              var currValue = compute(values);
+              if (isFunction(listener)) {
+                listener.call(this, currValue, values !== oldValues ? lastValue : currValue, scope);
+              }
+              lastValue = currValue;
+            }, objectEquality);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      function unescapeText(text) {
+        return text.replace(escapedStartRegexp, startSymbol).
+          replace(escapedEndRegexp, endSymbol);
+      }
+
+      function parseStringifyInterceptor(value) {
+        try {
+          value = getValue(value);
+          return allOrNothing && !isDefined(value) ? value : stringify(value);
+        } catch (err) {
+          var newErr = $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text,
+            err.toString());
+          $exceptionHandler(newErr);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol `$interpolateProvider.startSymbol`} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} start symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
+      return startSymbol;
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol `$interpolateProvider.endSymbol`} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} end symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
+      return endSymbol;
+    };
+
+    return $interpolate;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $IntervalProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q', '$$q',
+       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q,   $$q) {
+    var intervals = {};
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc service
+      * @name $interval
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
+      * milliseconds.
+      *
+      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
+      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
+      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
+      * number of iterations that have run.
+      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
+      *
+      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
+      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
+      * time.
+      *
+      * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+      * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
+      * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
+      * directive's element are destroyed.
+      * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
+      * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
+      * </div>
+      *
+      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
+      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
+      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
+      *   indefinitely.
+      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
+      *
+      * @example
+      * <example module="intervalExample">
+      * <file name="index.html">
+      *   <script>
+      *     angular.module('intervalExample', [])
+      *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$interval',
+      *         function($scope, $interval) {
+      *           $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
+      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+      *
+      *           var stop;
+      *           $scope.fight = function() {
+      *             // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
+      *             if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
+      *
+      *             stop = $interval(function() {
+      *               if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
+      *                 $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
+      *                 $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
+      *               } else {
+      *                 $scope.stopFight();
+      *               }
+      *             }, 100);
+      *           };
+      *
+      *           $scope.stopFight = function() {
+      *             if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
+      *               $interval.cancel(stop);
+      *               stop = undefined;
+      *             }
+      *           };
+      *
+      *           $scope.resetFight = function() {
+      *             $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+      *             $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+      *           };
+      *
+      *           $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      *             // Make sure that the interval is destroyed too
+      *             $scope.stopFight();
+      *           });
+      *         }])
+      *       // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
+      *       // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
+      *       .directive('myCurrentTime', ['$interval', 'dateFilter',
+      *         function($interval, dateFilter) {
+      *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
+      *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+      *             var format,  // date format
+      *                 stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
+      *
+      *             // used to update the UI
+      *             function updateTime() {
+      *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
+      *             }
+      *
+      *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
+      *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
+      *               format = value;
+      *               updateTime();
+      *             });
+      *
+      *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
+      *
+      *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
+      *             // to prevent updating time after the DOM element was removed.
+      *             element.on('$destroy', function() {
+      *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
+      *             });
+      *           }
+      *         }]);
+      *   </script>
+      *
+      *   <div>
+      *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+      *       Date format: <input ng-model="format"> <hr/>
+      *       Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
+      *       <hr/>
+      *       Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
+      *       Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
+      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
+      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
+      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
+      *     </div>
+      *   </div>
+      *
+      * </file>
+      * </example>
+      */
+    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
+      var setInterval = $window.setInterval,
+          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
+          iteration = 0,
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise;
+
+      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;
+
+      promise.then(null, null, fn);
+
+      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
+        deferred.notify(iteration++);
+
+        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
+          deferred.resolve(iteration);
+          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
+          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+
+      }, delay);
+
+      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $interval#cancel
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
+      *
+      * @param {promise} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
+      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
+      */
+    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
+        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
+        $window.clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
+        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return interval;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $locale
+ *
+ * @description
+ * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
+ * only public api is:
+ *
+ * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
+ */
+function $LocaleProvider() {
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return {
+      id: 'en-us',
+
+      NUMBER_FORMATS: {
+        DECIMAL_SEP: '.',
+        GROUP_SEP: ',',
+        PATTERNS: [
+          { // Decimal Pattern
+            minInt: 1,
+            minFrac: 0,
+            maxFrac: 3,
+            posPre: '',
+            posSuf: '',
+            negPre: '-',
+            negSuf: '',
+            gSize: 3,
+            lgSize: 3
+          },{ //Currency Pattern
+            minInt: 1,
+            minFrac: 2,
+            maxFrac: 2,
+            posPre: '\u00A4',
+            posSuf: '',
+            negPre: '(\u00A4',
+            negSuf: ')',
+            gSize: 3,
+            lgSize: 3
+          }
+        ],
+        CURRENCY_SYM: '$'
+      },
+
+      DATETIME_FORMATS: {
+        MONTH:
+            'January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December'
+            .split(','),
+        SHORTMONTH:  'Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec'.split(','),
+        DAY: 'Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday'.split(','),
+        SHORTDAY: 'Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat'.split(','),
+        AMPMS: ['AM','PM'],
+        medium: 'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a',
+        'short': 'M/d/yy h:mm a',
+        fullDate: 'EEEE, MMMM d, y',
+        longDate: 'MMMM d, y',
+        mediumDate: 'MMM d, y',
+        shortDate: 'M/d/yy',
+        mediumTime: 'h:mm:ss a',
+        shortTime: 'h:mm a'
+      },
+
+      pluralCat: function(num) {
+        if (num === 1) {
+          return 'one';
+        }
+        return 'other';
+      }
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
+    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
+var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
+
+
+/**
+ * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
+ *
+ * @param {string} path Path to encode
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function encodePath(path) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
+  }
+
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
+
+function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj) {
+  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl);
+
+  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
+  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
+  locationObj.$$port = int(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
+}
+
+
+function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj) {
+  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
+  if (prefixed) {
+    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
+  }
+  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl);
+  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
+      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
+  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
+
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
+    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} begin
+ * @param {string} whole
+ * @returns {string} returns text from whole after begin or undefined if it does not begin with
+ *                   expected string.
+ */
+function beginsWith(begin, whole) {
+  if (whole.indexOf(begin) === 0) {
+    return whole.substr(begin.length);
+  }
+}
+
+
+function stripHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
+}
+
+function trimEmptyHash(url) {
+  return url.replace(/(#.+)|#$/, '$1');
+}
+
+
+function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+}
+
+/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
+function serverBase(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
+ */
+function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, basePrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
+  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
+   * @param {string} url HTML5 url
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var pathUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
+          appBaseNoFile);
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this);
+
+    if (!this.$$path) {
+      this.$$path = '/';
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
+    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+
+    if ((appUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url)) !== undefined) {
+      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+      if ((appUrl = beginsWith(basePrefix, appUrl)) !== undefined) {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + (beginsWith('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
+      } else {
+        rewrittenUrl = appBase + prevAppUrl;
+      }
+    } else if ((appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) !== undefined) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
+ * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, hashPrefix) {
+  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
+   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var withoutBaseUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url) || beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    var withoutHashUrl;
+
+    if (withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === '#') {
+
+      // The rest of the url starts with a hash so we have
+      // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
+      withoutHashUrl = beginsWith(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
+      if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
+        // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
+        withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
+      // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
+      // Otherwise we ignore what is left
+      withoutHashUrl = this.$$html5 ? withoutBaseUrl : '';
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this);
+
+    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
+
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    /*
+     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+     * pathname without a drive is set:
+     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+     *
+     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
+     * do not include drive names for routing.
+     */
+    function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
+      /*
+      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+      */
+      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
+
+      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
+
+      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
+      if (url.indexOf(base) === 0) {
+        url = url.replace(base, '');
+      }
+
+      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
+      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+        return path;
+      }
+
+      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
+      this.$$parse(url);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
+ * does not support it.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, hashPrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
+
+  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+  this.$$parseLinkUrl = function(url, relHref) {
+    if (relHref && relHref[0] === '#') {
+      // special case for links to hash fragments:
+      // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+      this.hash(relHref.slice(1));
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    var rewrittenUrl;
+    var appUrl;
+
+    if (appBase == stripHash(url)) {
+      rewrittenUrl = url;
+    } else if ((appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url))) {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      rewrittenUrl = appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+    if (rewrittenUrl) {
+      this.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+    }
+    return !!rewrittenUrl;
+  };
+
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE8 & 9 do not reload page because of removal of '#'
+    this.$$absUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + this.$$url;
+  };
+
+}
+
+
+var locationPrototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * Are we in html5 mode?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$html5: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Has any change been replacing?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$replace: false,
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#absUrl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
+   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var absUrl = $location.absUrl();
+   * // => "http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} full url
+   */
+  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var url = $location.url();
+   * // => "/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @return {string} url
+   */
+  url: function(url) {
+    if (isUndefined(url))
+      return this.$$url;
+
+    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1] || url === '') this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === '') this.search(match[3] || '');
+    this.hash(match[5] || '');
+
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#protocol
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return protocol of current url.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var protocol = $location.protocol();
+   * // => "http"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} protocol of current url
+   */
+  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#host
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return host of current url.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var host = $location.host();
+   * // => "example.com"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {string} host of current url.
+   */
+  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#port
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return port of current url.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var port = $location.port();
+   * // => 80
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @return {Number} port
+   */
+  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#path
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
+   * if it is missing.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var path = $location.path();
+   * // => "/some/path"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} path New path
+   * @return {string} path
+   */
+  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
+    path = path !== null ? path.toString() : '';
+    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#search
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
+   * var searchObject = $location.search();
+   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   *
+   * // set foo to 'yipee'
+   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
+   * // $location.search() => {foo: 'yipee', baz: 'xoxo'}
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
+   * hash object.
+   *
+   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
+   * of `$location` to the specified value.
+   *
+   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
+   * as duplicate search parameters in the url.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|Number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string or number, then `paramValue`
+   * will override only a single search property.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
+   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
+   *
+   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
+   * value nor trailing equal sign.
+   *
+   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
+   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
+   */
+  search: function(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 0:
+        return this.$$search;
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
+          search = search.toString();
+          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          search = copy(search, {});
+          // remove object undefined or null properties
+          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
+            if (value == null) delete search[key];
+          });
+
+          this.$$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
+              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete this.$$search[search];
+        } else {
+          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#hash
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return hash fragment when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change hash fragment when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   *
+   * ```js
+   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo#hashValue
+   * var hash = $location.hash();
+   * // => "hashValue"
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)=} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', function(hash) {
+    return hash !== null ? hash.toString() : '';
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#replace
+   *
+   * @description
+   * If called, all changes to $location during current `$digest` will be replacing current history
+   * record, instead of adding new one.
+   */
+  replace: function() {
+    this.$$replace = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+forEach([LocationHashbangInHtml5Url, LocationHashbangUrl, LocationHtml5Url], function(Location) {
+  Location.prototype = Object.create(locationPrototype);
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $location#state
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return the history state object when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
+   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
+   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
+   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
+   *
+   * @param {object=} state State object for pushState or replaceState
+   * @return {object} state
+   */
+  Location.prototype.state = function(state) {
+    if (!arguments.length)
+      return this.$$state;
+
+    if (Location !== LocationHtml5Url || !this.$$html5) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('nostate', 'History API state support is available only ' +
+        'in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting HTML5 History API');
+    }
+    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.state(stateObject)`
+    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
+    // so the modification window is narrow.
+    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
+
+    return this;
+  };
+});
+
+
+function locationGetter(property) {
+  return function() {
+    return this[property];
+  };
+}
+
+
+function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
+  return function(value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value))
+      return this[property];
+
+    this[property] = preprocess(value);
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $location
+ *
+ * @requires $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
+ * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
+ * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
+ * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
+ *
+ * **The $location service:**
+ *
+ * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
+ *   - Watch and observe the URL.
+ *   - Change the URL.
+ * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
+ *   - Changes the address bar.
+ *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
+ *   - Clicks on a link.
+ * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
+ *
+ * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $locationProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ */
+function $LocationProvider() {
+  var hashPrefix = '',
+      html5Mode = {
+        enabled: false,
+        requireBase: true,
+        rewriteLinks: true
+      };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
+   * @description
+   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
+    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
+      hashPrefix = prefix;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return hashPrefix;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
+   * @description
+   * @param {(boolean|Object)=} mode If boolean, sets `html5Mode.enabled` to value.
+   *   If object, sets `enabled`, `requireBase` and `rewriteLinks` to respective values. Supported
+   *   properties:
+   *   - **enabled** – `{boolean}` – (default: false) If true, will rely on `history.pushState` to
+   *     change urls where supported. Will fall back to hash-prefixed paths in browsers that do not
+   *     support `pushState`.
+   *   - **requireBase** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled, specifies
+   *     whether or not a <base> tag is required to be present. If `enabled` and `requireBase` are
+   *     true, and a base tag is not present, an error will be thrown when `$location` is injected.
+   *     See the {@link guide/$location $location guide for more information}
+   *   - **rewriteLinks** - `{boolean}` - (default: `true`) When html5Mode is enabled,
+   *     enables/disables url rewriting for relative links.
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} html5Mode object if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
+    if (isBoolean(mode)) {
+      html5Mode.enabled = mode;
+      return this;
+    } else if (isObject(mode)) {
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.enabled)) {
+        html5Mode.enabled = mode.enabled;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.requireBase)) {
+        html5Mode.requireBase = mode.requireBase;
+      }
+
+      if (isBoolean(mode.rewriteLinks)) {
+        html5Mode.rewriteLinks = mode.rewriteLinks;
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return html5Mode;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted before a URL will change.
+   *
+   * This change can be prevented by calling
+   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
+   * details about event object. Upon successful change
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
+   *
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
+   *
+   * The `newState` and `oldState` parameters may be defined only in HTML5 mode and when
+   * the browser supports the HTML5 History API.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   * @param {string=} newState New history state object
+   * @param {string=} oldState History state object that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$window',
+      function($rootScope, $browser, $sniffer, $rootElement, $window) {
+    var $location,
+        LocationMode,
+        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
+        appBase;
+
+    if (html5Mode.enabled) {
+      if (!baseHref && html5Mode.requireBase) {
+        throw $locationMinErr('nobase',
+          "$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!");
+      }
+      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
+      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
+    } else {
+      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
+    }
+    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, '#' + hashPrefix);
+    $location.$$parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
+
+    $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+
+    var IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
+
+    function setBrowserUrlWithFallback(url, replace, state) {
+      var oldUrl = $location.url();
+      var oldState = $location.$$state;
+      try {
+        $browser.url(url, replace, state);
+
+        // Make sure $location.state() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
+        // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
+        // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
+        $location.$$state = $browser.state();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Restore old values if pushState fails
+        $location.url(oldUrl);
+        $location.$$state = oldState;
+
+        throw e;
+      }
+    }
+
+    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
+      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+
+      if (!html5Mode.rewriteLinks || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.shiftKey || event.which == 2 || event.button == 2) return;
+
+      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
+
+      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
+        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
+      }
+
+      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
+      // get the actual href attribute - see
+      // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
+      var relHref = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');
+
+      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
+        // an animation.
+        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
+      }
+
+      // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
+      if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
+
+      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+        if ($location.$$parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
+          // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the angular application,
+          // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
+          // getting double entries in the location history.
+          event.preventDefault();
+          // update location manually
+          if ($location.absUrl() != $browser.url()) {
+            $rootScope.$apply();
+            // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
+            $window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+
+    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+    if (trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl()) != trimEmptyHash(initialUrl)) {
+      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
+    }
+
+    var initializing = true;
+
+    // update $location when $browser url changes
+    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl, newState) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+        var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
+        var oldState = $location.$$state;
+        var defaultPrevented;
+
+        $location.$$parse(newUrl);
+        $location.$$state = newState;
+
+        defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+            newState, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+
+        // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+        // processing this location change
+        if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+
+        if (defaultPrevented) {
+          $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+          $location.$$state = oldState;
+          setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, false, oldState);
+        } else {
+          initializing = false;
+          afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+        }
+      });
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
+    });
+
+    // update browser
+    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
+      var oldUrl = trimEmptyHash($browser.url());
+      var newUrl = trimEmptyHash($location.absUrl());
+      var oldState = $browser.state();
+      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
+      var urlOrStateChanged = oldUrl !== newUrl ||
+        ($location.$$html5 && $sniffer.history && oldState !== $location.$$state);
+
+      if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
+        initializing = false;
+
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          var newUrl = $location.absUrl();
+          var defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl, oldUrl,
+              $location.$$state, oldState).defaultPrevented;
+
+          // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+          // processing this location change
+          if ($location.absUrl() !== newUrl) return;
+
+          if (defaultPrevented) {
+            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+            $location.$$state = oldState;
+          } else {
+            if (urlOrStateChanged) {
+              setBrowserUrlWithFallback(newUrl, currentReplace,
+                                        oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state);
+            }
+            afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      $location.$$replace = false;
+
+      // we don't need to return anything because $evalAsync will make the digest loop dirty when
+      // there is a change
+    });
+
+    return $location;
+
+    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
+      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl,
+        $location.$$state, oldState);
+    }
+}];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $log
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
+ * into the browser's console (if present).
+ *
+ * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
+ *
+ * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="logExample">
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('logExample', [])
+         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
+           $scope.$log = $log;
+           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="LogController">
+         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
+         Message:
+         <input type="text" ng-model="message"/>
+         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $logProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
+ */
+function $LogProvider() {
+  var debug = true,
+      self = this;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
+   * @description
+   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
+    if (isDefined(flag)) {
+      debug = flag;
+    return this;
+    } else {
+      return debug;
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window) {
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a log message
+       */
+      log: consoleLog('log'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#info
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an information message
+       */
+      info: consoleLog('info'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#warn
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a warning message
+       */
+      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#error
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an error message
+       */
+      error: consoleLog('error'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $log#debug
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a debug message
+       */
+      debug: (function() {
+        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
+
+        return function() {
+          if (debug) {
+            fn.apply(self, arguments);
+          }
+        };
+      }())
+    };
+
+    function formatError(arg) {
+      if (arg instanceof Error) {
+        if (arg.stack) {
+          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
+              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
+              : arg.stack;
+        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
+          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
+        }
+      }
+      return arg;
+    }
+
+    function consoleLog(type) {
+      var console = $window.console || {},
+          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop,
+          hasApply = false;
+
+      // Note: reading logFn.apply throws an error in IE11 in IE8 document mode.
+      // The reason behind this is that console.log has type "object" in IE8...
+      try {
+        hasApply = !!logFn.apply;
+      } catch (e) {}
+
+      if (hasApply) {
+        return function() {
+          var args = [];
+          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
+            args.push(formatError(arg));
+          });
+          return logFn.apply(console, args);
+        };
+      }
+
+      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
+      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
+      return function(arg1, arg2) {
+        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
+      };
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
+
+// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
+// ------------------------------
+// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
+// access to `$scope` and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
+// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
+//
+//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
+//
+// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
+// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
+// sensitive JavaScript or browser APIs on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
+// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
+// explicitly exposed in this way.
+//
+// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
+// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
+// Similarly we prevent invocations of function known to be dangerous, as well as assignments to
+// native objects.
+//
+// See https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/security
+
+
+function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
+  if (name === "__defineGetter__" || name === "__defineSetter__"
+      || name === "__lookupGetter__" || name === "__lookupSetter__"
+      || name === "__proto__") {
+    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
+        'Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! '
+        + 'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
+  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
+  if (obj) {
+    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
+          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
+        obj.window === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
+          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// isElement(obj)
+        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.prop && obj.attr && obj.find))) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
+          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// block Object so that we can't get hold of dangerous Object.* methods
+        obj === Object) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecobj',
+          'Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+var CALL = Function.prototype.call;
+var APPLY = Function.prototype.apply;
+var BIND = Function.prototype.bind;
+
+function ensureSafeFunction(obj, fullExpression) {
+  if (obj) {
+    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
+        'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+        fullExpression);
+    } else if (obj === CALL || obj === APPLY || obj === BIND) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecff',
+        'Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+        fullExpression);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//Keyword constants
+var CONSTANTS = createMap();
+forEach({
+  'null': function() { return null; },
+  'true': function() { return true; },
+  'false': function() { return false; },
+  'undefined': function() {}
+}, function(constantGetter, name) {
+  constantGetter.constant = constantGetter.literal = constantGetter.sharedGetter = true;
+  CONSTANTS[name] = constantGetter;
+});
+
+//Not quite a constant, but can be lex/parsed the same
+CONSTANTS['this'] = function(self) { return self; };
+CONSTANTS['this'].sharedGetter = true;
+
+
+//Operators - will be wrapped by binaryFn/unaryFn/assignment/filter
+var OPERATORS = extend(createMap(), {
+    '+':function(self, locals, a, b) {
+      a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
+      if (isDefined(a)) {
+        if (isDefined(b)) {
+          return a + b;
+        }
+        return a;
+      }
+      return isDefined(b) ? b : undefined;},
+    '-':function(self, locals, a, b) {
+          a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
+          return (isDefined(a) ? a : 0) - (isDefined(b) ? b : 0);
+        },
+    '*':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) * b(self, locals);},
+    '/':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) / b(self, locals);},
+    '%':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) % b(self, locals);},
+    '===':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) === b(self, locals);},
+    '!==':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) !== b(self, locals);},
+    '==':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) == b(self, locals);},
+    '!=':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) != b(self, locals);},
+    '<':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) < b(self, locals);},
+    '>':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) > b(self, locals);},
+    '<=':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) <= b(self, locals);},
+    '>=':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) >= b(self, locals);},
+    '&&':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) && b(self, locals);},
+    '||':function(self, locals, a, b) {return a(self, locals) || b(self, locals);},
+    '!':function(self, locals, a) {return !a(self, locals);},
+
+    //Tokenized as operators but parsed as assignment/filters
+    '=':true,
+    '|':true
+});
+var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Lexer = function(options) {
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+Lexer.prototype = {
+  constructor: Lexer,
+
+  lex: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.index = 0;
+    this.tokens = [];
+
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (ch === '"' || ch === "'") {
+        this.readString(ch);
+      } else if (this.isNumber(ch) || ch === '.' && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
+        this.readNumber();
+      } else if (this.isIdent(ch)) {
+        this.readIdent();
+      } else if (this.is(ch, '(){}[].,;:?')) {
+        this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch});
+        this.index++;
+      } else if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+        this.index++;
+      } else {
+        var ch2 = ch + this.peek();
+        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
+        var op1 = OPERATORS[ch];
+        var op2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
+        var op3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
+        if (op1 || op2 || op3) {
+          var token = op3 ? ch3 : (op2 ? ch2 : ch);
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: token, operator: true});
+          this.index += token.length;
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.tokens;
+  },
+
+  is: function(ch, chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(ch) !== -1;
+  },
+
+  peek: function(i) {
+    var num = i || 1;
+    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
+  },
+
+  isNumber: function(ch) {
+    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') && typeof ch === "string";
+  },
+
+  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
+    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
+    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
+            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
+  },
+
+  isIdent: function(ch) {
+    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
+            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
+            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
+  },
+
+  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
+    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
+    end = end || this.index;
+    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
+            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
+            : ' ' + end);
+    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
+        error, colStr, this.text);
+  },
+
+  readNumber: function() {
+    var number = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
+      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        number += ch;
+      } else {
+        var peekCh = this.peek();
+        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
+          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: number,
+      constant: true,
+      value: Number(number)
+    });
+  },
+
+  readIdent: function() {
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (!(this.isIdent(ch) || this.isNumber(ch))) {
+        break;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: this.text.slice(start, this.index),
+      identifier: true
+    });
+  },
+
+  readString: function(quote) {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index++;
+    var string = '';
+    var rawString = quote;
+    var escape = false;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      rawString += ch;
+      if (escape) {
+        if (ch === 'u') {
+          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
+          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i))
+            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
+          this.index += 4;
+          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
+        } else {
+          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
+          string = string + (rep || ch);
+        }
+        escape = false;
+      } else if (ch === '\\') {
+        escape = true;
+      } else if (ch === quote) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: start,
+          text: rawString,
+          constant: true,
+          value: string
+        });
+        return;
+      } else {
+        string += ch;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
+  }
+};
+
+
+function isConstant(exp) {
+  return exp.constant;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Parser = function(lexer, $filter, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+Parser.ZERO = extend(function() {
+  return 0;
+}, {
+  sharedGetter: true,
+  constant: true
+});
+
+Parser.prototype = {
+  constructor: Parser,
+
+  parse: function(text) {
+    this.text = text;
+    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
+
+    var value = this.statements();
+
+    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
+      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    }
+
+    value.literal = !!value.literal;
+    value.constant = !!value.constant;
+
+    return value;
+  },
+
+  primary: function() {
+    var primary;
+    if (this.expect('(')) {
+      primary = this.filterChain();
+      this.consume(')');
+    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
+      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
+    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
+      primary = this.object();
+    } else if (this.peek().identifier && this.peek().text in CONSTANTS) {
+      primary = CONSTANTS[this.consume().text];
+    } else if (this.peek().identifier) {
+      primary = this.identifier();
+    } else if (this.peek().constant) {
+      primary = this.constant();
+    } else {
+      this.throwError('not a primary expression', this.peek());
+    }
+
+    var next, context;
+    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
+      if (next.text === '(') {
+        primary = this.functionCall(primary, context);
+        context = null;
+      } else if (next.text === '[') {
+        context = primary;
+        primary = this.objectIndex(primary);
+      } else if (next.text === '.') {
+        context = primary;
+        primary = this.fieldAccess(primary);
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
+      }
+    }
+    return primary;
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(msg, token) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
+        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
+          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
+  },
+
+  peekToken: function() {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0)
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    return this.tokens[0];
+  },
+
+  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    return this.peekAhead(0, e1, e2, e3, e4);
+  },
+  peekAhead: function(i, e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    if (this.tokens.length > i) {
+      var token = this.tokens[i];
+      var t = token.text;
+      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
+          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
+        return token;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+    if (token) {
+      this.tokens.shift();
+      return token;
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  consume: function(e1) {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    }
+
+    var token = this.expect(e1);
+    if (!token) {
+      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+    }
+    return token;
+  },
+
+  unaryFn: function(op, right) {
+    var fn = OPERATORS[op];
+    return extend(function $parseUnaryFn(self, locals) {
+      return fn(self, locals, right);
+    }, {
+      constant:right.constant,
+      inputs: [right]
+    });
+  },
+
+  binaryFn: function(left, op, right, isBranching) {
+    var fn = OPERATORS[op];
+    return extend(function $parseBinaryFn(self, locals) {
+      return fn(self, locals, left, right);
+    }, {
+      constant: left.constant && right.constant,
+      inputs: !isBranching && [left, right]
+    });
+  },
+
+  identifier: function() {
+    var id = this.consume().text;
+
+    //Continue reading each `.identifier` unless it is a method invocation
+    while (this.peek('.') && this.peekAhead(1).identifier && !this.peekAhead(2, '(')) {
+      id += this.consume().text + this.consume().text;
+    }
+
+    return getterFn(id, this.options, this.text);
+  },
+
+  constant: function() {
+    var value = this.consume().value;
+
+    return extend(function $parseConstant() {
+      return value;
+    }, {
+      constant: true,
+      literal: true
+    });
+  },
+
+  statements: function() {
+    var statements = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
+        statements.push(this.filterChain());
+      if (!this.expect(';')) {
+        // optimize for the common case where there is only one statement.
+        // TODO(size): maybe we should not support multiple statements?
+        return (statements.length === 1)
+            ? statements[0]
+            : function $parseStatements(self, locals) {
+                var value;
+                for (var i = 0, ii = statements.length; i < ii; i++) {
+                  value = statements[i](self, locals);
+                }
+                return value;
+              };
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  filterChain: function() {
+    var left = this.expression();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
+      left = this.filter(left);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  filter: function(inputFn) {
+    var fn = this.$filter(this.consume().text);
+    var argsFn;
+    var args;
+
+    if (this.peek(':')) {
+      argsFn = [];
+      args = []; // we can safely reuse the array
+      while (this.expect(':')) {
+        argsFn.push(this.expression());
+      }
+    }
+
+    var inputs = [inputFn].concat(argsFn || []);
+
+    return extend(function $parseFilter(self, locals) {
+      var input = inputFn(self, locals);
+      if (args) {
+        args[0] = input;
+
+        var i = argsFn.length;
+        while (i--) {
+          args[i + 1] = argsFn[i](self, locals);
+        }
+
+        return fn.apply(undefined, args);
+      }
+
+      return fn(input);
+    }, {
+      constant: !fn.$stateful && inputs.every(isConstant),
+      inputs: !fn.$stateful && inputs
+    });
+  },
+
+  expression: function() {
+    return this.assignment();
+  },
+
+  assignment: function() {
+    var left = this.ternary();
+    var right;
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('='))) {
+      if (!left.assign) {
+        this.throwError('implies assignment but [' +
+            this.text.substring(0, token.index) + '] can not be assigned to', token);
+      }
+      right = this.ternary();
+      return extend(function $parseAssignment(scope, locals) {
+        return left.assign(scope, right(scope, locals), locals);
+      }, {
+        inputs: [left, right]
+      });
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  ternary: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalOR();
+    var middle;
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('?'))) {
+      middle = this.assignment();
+      if (this.consume(':')) {
+        var right = this.assignment();
+
+        return extend(function $parseTernary(self, locals) {
+          return left(self, locals) ? middle(self, locals) : right(self, locals);
+        }, {
+          constant: left.constant && middle.constant && right.constant
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  logicalOR: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalAND();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('||'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.text, this.logicalAND(), true);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  logicalAND: function() {
+    var left = this.equality();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('&&'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.text, this.equality(), true);
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  equality: function() {
+    var left = this.relational();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.text, this.relational());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  relational: function() {
+    var left = this.additive();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.text, this.additive());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  additive: function() {
+    var left = this.multiplicative();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.text, this.multiplicative());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  multiplicative: function() {
+    var left = this.unary();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.text, this.unary());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  unary: function() {
+    var token;
+    if (this.expect('+')) {
+      return this.primary();
+    } else if ((token = this.expect('-'))) {
+      return this.binaryFn(Parser.ZERO, token.text, this.unary());
+    } else if ((token = this.expect('!'))) {
+      return this.unaryFn(token.text, this.unary());
+    } else {
+      return this.primary();
+    }
+  },
+
+  fieldAccess: function(object) {
+    var getter = this.identifier();
+
+    return extend(function $parseFieldAccess(scope, locals, self) {
+      var o = self || object(scope, locals);
+      return (o == null) ? undefined : getter(o);
+    }, {
+      assign: function(scope, value, locals) {
+        var o = object(scope, locals);
+        if (!o) object.assign(scope, o = {}, locals);
+        return getter.assign(o, value);
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  objectIndex: function(obj) {
+    var expression = this.text;
+
+    var indexFn = this.expression();
+    this.consume(']');
+
+    return extend(function $parseObjectIndex(self, locals) {
+      var o = obj(self, locals),
+          i = indexFn(self, locals),
+          v;
+
+      ensureSafeMemberName(i, expression);
+      if (!o) return undefined;
+      v = ensureSafeObject(o[i], expression);
+      return v;
+    }, {
+      assign: function(self, value, locals) {
+        var key = ensureSafeMemberName(indexFn(self, locals), expression);
+        // prevent overwriting of Function.constructor which would break ensureSafeObject check
+        var o = ensureSafeObject(obj(self, locals), expression);
+        if (!o) obj.assign(self, o = {}, locals);
+        return o[key] = value;
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  functionCall: function(fnGetter, contextGetter) {
+    var argsFn = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
+      do {
+        argsFn.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(')');
+
+    var expressionText = this.text;
+    // we can safely reuse the array across invocations
+    var args = argsFn.length ? [] : null;
+
+    return function $parseFunctionCall(scope, locals) {
+      var context = contextGetter ? contextGetter(scope, locals) : isDefined(contextGetter) ? undefined : scope;
+      var fn = fnGetter(scope, locals, context) || noop;
+
+      if (args) {
+        var i = argsFn.length;
+        while (i--) {
+          args[i] = ensureSafeObject(argsFn[i](scope, locals), expressionText);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ensureSafeObject(context, expressionText);
+      ensureSafeFunction(fn, expressionText);
+
+      // IE doesn't have apply for some native functions
+      var v = fn.apply
+            ? fn.apply(context, args)
+            : fn(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
+
+      if (args) {
+        // Free-up the memory (arguments of the last function call).
+        args.length = 0;
+      }
+
+      return ensureSafeObject(v, expressionText);
+      };
+  },
+
+  // This is used with json array declaration
+  arrayDeclaration: function() {
+    var elementFns = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek(']')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        elementFns.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(']');
+
+    return extend(function $parseArrayLiteral(self, locals) {
+      var array = [];
+      for (var i = 0, ii = elementFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        array.push(elementFns[i](self, locals));
+      }
+      return array;
+    }, {
+      literal: true,
+      constant: elementFns.every(isConstant),
+      inputs: elementFns
+    });
+  },
+
+  object: function() {
+    var keys = [], valueFns = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
+      do {
+        if (this.peek('}')) {
+          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
+          break;
+        }
+        var token = this.consume();
+        if (token.constant) {
+          keys.push(token.value);
+        } else if (token.identifier) {
+          keys.push(token.text);
+        } else {
+          this.throwError("invalid key", token);
+        }
+        this.consume(':');
+        valueFns.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume('}');
+
+    return extend(function $parseObjectLiteral(self, locals) {
+      var object = {};
+      for (var i = 0, ii = valueFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        object[keys[i]] = valueFns[i](self, locals);
+      }
+      return object;
+    }, {
+      literal: true,
+      constant: valueFns.every(isConstant),
+      inputs: valueFns
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Parser helper functions
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+function setter(obj, locals, path, setValue, fullExp) {
+  ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeObject(locals, fullExp);
+
+  var element = path.split('.'), key;
+  for (var i = 0; element.length > 1; i++) {
+    key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
+    var propertyObj = (i === 0 && locals && locals[key]) || obj[key];
+    if (!propertyObj) {
+      propertyObj = {};
+      obj[key] = propertyObj;
+    }
+    obj = ensureSafeObject(propertyObj, fullExp);
+  }
+  key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
+  ensureSafeObject(obj[key], fullExp);
+  obj[key] = setValue;
+  return setValue;
+}
+
+var getterFnCacheDefault = createMap();
+var getterFnCacheExpensive = createMap();
+
+function isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(name) {
+  return name == 'constructor';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the "Black Hole" variant from:
+ * - http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/4
+ * - http://jsperf.com/path-evaluation-simplified/7
+ */
+function cspSafeGetterFn(key0, key1, key2, key3, key4, fullExp, expensiveChecks) {
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key0, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key1, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key2, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key3, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key4, fullExp);
+  var eso = function(o) {
+    return ensureSafeObject(o, fullExp);
+  };
+  var eso0 = (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(key0)) ? eso : identity;
+  var eso1 = (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(key1)) ? eso : identity;
+  var eso2 = (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(key2)) ? eso : identity;
+  var eso3 = (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(key3)) ? eso : identity;
+  var eso4 = (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(key4)) ? eso : identity;
+
+  return function cspSafeGetter(scope, locals) {
+    var pathVal = (locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope;
+
+    if (pathVal == null) return pathVal;
+    pathVal = eso0(pathVal[key0]);
+
+    if (!key1) return pathVal;
+    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
+    pathVal = eso1(pathVal[key1]);
+
+    if (!key2) return pathVal;
+    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
+    pathVal = eso2(pathVal[key2]);
+
+    if (!key3) return pathVal;
+    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
+    pathVal = eso3(pathVal[key3]);
+
+    if (!key4) return pathVal;
+    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
+    pathVal = eso4(pathVal[key4]);
+
+    return pathVal;
+  };
+}
+
+function getterFnWithEnsureSafeObject(fn, fullExpression) {
+  return function(s, l) {
+    return fn(s, l, ensureSafeObject, fullExpression);
+  };
+}
+
+function getterFn(path, options, fullExp) {
+  var expensiveChecks = options.expensiveChecks;
+  var getterFnCache = (expensiveChecks ? getterFnCacheExpensive : getterFnCacheDefault);
+  var fn = getterFnCache[path];
+  if (fn) return fn;
+
+
+  var pathKeys = path.split('.'),
+      pathKeysLength = pathKeys.length;
+
+  // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/6
+  if (options.csp) {
+    if (pathKeysLength < 6) {
+      fn = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[0], pathKeys[1], pathKeys[2], pathKeys[3], pathKeys[4], fullExp, expensiveChecks);
+    } else {
+      fn = function cspSafeGetter(scope, locals) {
+        var i = 0, val;
+        do {
+          val = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++],
+                                pathKeys[i++], fullExp, expensiveChecks)(scope, locals);
+
+          locals = undefined; // clear after first iteration
+          scope = val;
+        } while (i < pathKeysLength);
+        return val;
+      };
+    }
+  } else {
+    var code = '';
+    if (expensiveChecks) {
+      code += 's = eso(s, fe);\nl = eso(l, fe);\n';
+    }
+    var needsEnsureSafeObject = expensiveChecks;
+    forEach(pathKeys, function(key, index) {
+      ensureSafeMemberName(key, fullExp);
+      var lookupJs = (index
+                      // we simply dereference 's' on any .dot notation
+                      ? 's'
+                      // but if we are first then we check locals first, and if so read it first
+                      : '((l&&l.hasOwnProperty("' + key + '"))?l:s)') + '.' + key;
+      if (expensiveChecks || isPossiblyDangerousMemberName(key)) {
+        lookupJs = 'eso(' + lookupJs + ', fe)';
+        needsEnsureSafeObject = true;
+      }
+      code += 'if(s == null) return undefined;\n' +
+              's=' + lookupJs + ';\n';
+    });
+    code += 'return s;';
+
+    /* jshint -W054 */
+    var evaledFnGetter = new Function('s', 'l', 'eso', 'fe', code); // s=scope, l=locals, eso=ensureSafeObject
+    /* jshint +W054 */
+    evaledFnGetter.toString = valueFn(code);
+    if (needsEnsureSafeObject) {
+      evaledFnGetter = getterFnWithEnsureSafeObject(evaledFnGetter, fullExp);
+    }
+    fn = evaledFnGetter;
+  }
+
+  fn.sharedGetter = true;
+  fn.assign = function(self, value, locals) {
+    return setter(self, locals, path, value, path);
+  };
+  getterFnCache[path] = fn;
+  return fn;
+}
+
+var objectValueOf = Object.prototype.valueOf;
+
+function getValueOf(value) {
+  return isFunction(value.valueOf) ? value.valueOf() : objectValueOf.call(value);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $parse
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
+ *   var setter = getter.assign;
+ *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
+ *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ *
+ *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
+ *   setter(context, 'newValue');
+ *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
+ *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+ * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ *
+ *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+ *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+ *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+ *      `context`.
+ *
+ *    The returned function also has the following properties:
+ *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
+ *        literal.
+ *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
+ *        constant literals.
+ *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
+ *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $parseProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
+ *  service.
+ */
+function $ParseProvider() {
+  var cacheDefault = createMap();
+  var cacheExpensive = createMap();
+
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$filter', '$sniffer', function($filter, $sniffer) {
+    var $parseOptions = {
+          csp: $sniffer.csp,
+          expensiveChecks: false
+        },
+        $parseOptionsExpensive = {
+          csp: $sniffer.csp,
+          expensiveChecks: true
+        };
+
+    function wrapSharedExpression(exp) {
+      var wrapped = exp;
+
+      if (exp.sharedGetter) {
+        wrapped = function $parseWrapper(self, locals) {
+          return exp(self, locals);
+        };
+        wrapped.literal = exp.literal;
+        wrapped.constant = exp.constant;
+        wrapped.assign = exp.assign;
+      }
+
+      return wrapped;
+    }
+
+    return function $parse(exp, interceptorFn, expensiveChecks) {
+      var parsedExpression, oneTime, cacheKey;
+
+      switch (typeof exp) {
+        case 'string':
+          cacheKey = exp = exp.trim();
+
+          var cache = (expensiveChecks ? cacheExpensive : cacheDefault);
+          parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
+
+          if (!parsedExpression) {
+            if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
+              oneTime = true;
+              exp = exp.substring(2);
+            }
+
+            var parseOptions = expensiveChecks ? $parseOptionsExpensive : $parseOptions;
+            var lexer = new Lexer(parseOptions);
+            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, parseOptions);
+            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);
+
+            if (parsedExpression.constant) {
+              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatchDelegate;
+            } else if (oneTime) {
+              //oneTime is not part of the exp passed to the Parser so we may have to
+              //wrap the parsedExpression before adding a $$watchDelegate
+              parsedExpression = wrapSharedExpression(parsedExpression);
+              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.literal ?
+                oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate : oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+            } else if (parsedExpression.inputs) {
+              parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
+            }
+
+            cache[cacheKey] = parsedExpression;
+          }
+          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);
+
+        case 'function':
+          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);
+
+        default:
+          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
+      }
+    };
+
+    function collectExpressionInputs(inputs, list) {
+      for (var i = 0, ii = inputs.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        var input = inputs[i];
+        if (!input.constant) {
+          if (input.inputs) {
+            collectExpressionInputs(input.inputs, list);
+          } else if (list.indexOf(input) === -1) { // TODO(perf) can we do better?
+            list.push(input);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return list;
+    }
+
+    function expressionInputDirtyCheck(newValue, oldValueOfValue) {
+
+      if (newValue == null || oldValueOfValue == null) { // null/undefined
+        return newValue === oldValueOfValue;
+      }
+
+      if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
+
+        // attempt to convert the value to a primitive type
+        // TODO(docs): add a note to docs that by implementing valueOf even objects and arrays can
+        //             be cheaply dirty-checked
+        newValue = getValueOf(newValue);
+
+        if (typeof newValue === 'object') {
+          // objects/arrays are not supported - deep-watching them would be too expensive
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // fall-through to the primitive equality check
+      }
+
+      //Primitive or NaN
+      return newValue === oldValueOfValue || (newValue !== newValue && oldValueOfValue !== oldValueOfValue);
+    }
+
+    function inputsWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var inputExpressions = parsedExpression.$$inputs ||
+                    (parsedExpression.$$inputs = collectExpressionInputs(parsedExpression.inputs, []));
+
+      var lastResult;
+
+      if (inputExpressions.length === 1) {
+        var oldInputValue = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+        inputExpressions = inputExpressions[0];
+        return scope.$watch(function expressionInputWatch(scope) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions(scope);
+          if (!expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValue)) {
+            lastResult = parsedExpression(scope);
+            oldInputValue = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+          return lastResult;
+        }, listener, objectEquality);
+      }
+
+      var oldInputValueOfValues = [];
+      for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        oldInputValueOfValues[i] = expressionInputDirtyCheck; // init to something unique so that equals check fails
+      }
+
+      return scope.$watch(function expressionInputsWatch(scope) {
+        var changed = false;
+
+        for (var i = 0, ii = inputExpressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          var newInputValue = inputExpressions[i](scope);
+          if (changed || (changed = !expressionInputDirtyCheck(newInputValue, oldInputValueOfValues[i]))) {
+            oldInputValueOfValues[i] = newInputValue && getValueOf(newInputValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (changed) {
+          lastResult = parsedExpression(scope);
+        }
+
+        return lastResult;
+      }, listener, objectEquality);
+    }
+
+    function oneTimeWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
+      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
+        lastValue = value;
+        if (isFunction(listener)) {
+          listener.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+            if (isDefined(lastValue)) {
+              unwatch();
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }, objectEquality);
+    }
+
+    function oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch, lastValue;
+      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
+        lastValue = value;
+        if (isFunction(listener)) {
+          listener.call(this, value, old, scope);
+        }
+        if (isAllDefined(value)) {
+          scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+            if (isAllDefined(lastValue)) unwatch();
+          });
+        }
+      }, objectEquality);
+
+      function isAllDefined(value) {
+        var allDefined = true;
+        forEach(value, function(val) {
+          if (!isDefined(val)) allDefined = false;
+        });
+        return allDefined;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function constantWatchDelegate(scope, listener, objectEquality, parsedExpression) {
+      var unwatch;
+      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
+        return parsedExpression(scope);
+      }, function constantListener(value, old, scope) {
+        if (isFunction(listener)) {
+          listener.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+        unwatch();
+      }, objectEquality);
+    }
+
+    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
+      if (!interceptorFn) return parsedExpression;
+      var watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
+
+      var regularWatch =
+          watchDelegate !== oneTimeLiteralWatchDelegate &&
+          watchDelegate !== oneTimeWatchDelegate;
+
+      var fn = regularWatch ? function regularInterceptedExpression(scope, locals) {
+        var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals);
+        return interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
+      } : function oneTimeInterceptedExpression(scope, locals) {
+        var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals);
+        var result = interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
+        // we only return the interceptor's result if the
+        // initial value is defined (for bind-once)
+        return isDefined(value) ? result : value;
+      };
+
+      // Propagate $$watchDelegates other then inputsWatchDelegate
+      if (parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate &&
+          parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate !== inputsWatchDelegate) {
+        fn.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
+      } else if (!interceptorFn.$stateful) {
+        // If there is an interceptor, but no watchDelegate then treat the interceptor like
+        // we treat filters - it is assumed to be a pure function unless flagged with $stateful
+        fn.$$watchDelegate = inputsWatchDelegate;
+        fn.inputs = [parsedExpression];
+      }
+
+      return fn;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $q
+ * @requires $rootScope
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A service that helps you run functions asynchronously, and use their return values (or exceptions)
+ * when they are done processing.
+ *
+ * This is an implementation of promises/deferred objects inspired by
+ * [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
+ *
+ * $q can be used in two fashions --- one which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
+ * implementations, and the other which resembles ES6 promises to some degree.
+ *
+ * # $q constructor
+ *
+ * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
+ * function as the first argument. This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6 Harmony,
+ * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
+ *
+ * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from ES6 Harmony promises are
+ * available yet.
+ *
+ * It can be used like so:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
+ *     return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
+ *       setTimeout(function() {
+ *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *           resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *         } else {
+ *           reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *         }
+ *       }, 1000);
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Note: progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
+ *
+ * However, the more traditional CommonJS-style usage is still available, and documented below.
+ *
+ * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
+ * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
+ * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
+ *
+ * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
+ * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `okToGreet`
+ *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *
+ *     setTimeout(function() {
+ *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
+ *
+ *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *       } else {
+ *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *       }
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *
+ *     return deferred.promise;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   }, function(update) {
+ *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
+ * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
+ * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
+ *
+ * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
+ * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
+ * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
+ * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
+ *
+ * # The Deferred API
+ *
+ * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
+ * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
+ * of the task.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
+ *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
+ * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
+ *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
+ * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
+ *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ * **Properties**
+ *
+ * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
+ *
+ *
+ * # The Promise API
+ *
+ * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
+ * calling `deferred.promise`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
+ * of the deferred task when it completes.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `then(successCallback, errorCallback, notifyCallback)` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
+ *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
+ *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
+ *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
+ *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback`. It also notifies via the return value of the
+ *   `notifyCallback` method. The promise cannot be resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback
+ *   method.
+ *
+ * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
+ *
+ * - `finally(callback, notifyCallback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
+ *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
+ *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
+ *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
+ *   more information.
+ *
+ * # Chaining promises
+ *
+ * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
+ * possible to create a chain of promises:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+ *     return result + 1;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
+ *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
+ * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
+ * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
+ * $http's response interceptors.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
+ *
+ *  There are two main differences:
+ *
+ * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
+ *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
+ *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
+ * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
+ *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
+ *
+ *  # Testing
+ *
+ *  ```js
+ *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
+ *      var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *      var promise = deferred.promise;
+ *      var resolvedValue;
+ *
+ *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Simulate resolving of promise
+ *      deferred.resolve(123);
+ *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
+ *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
+ *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
+ *      $rootScope.$apply();
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
+ *    }));
+ *  ```
+ *
+ * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
+ *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameter is a function which resolves the
+ *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
+ *
+ * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
+ */
+function $QProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler);
+  }];
+}
+
+function $$QProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $browser.defer(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler);
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a promise manager.
+ *
+ * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
+ * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
+ *     debugging purposes.
+ * @returns {object} Promise manager.
+ */
+function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
+  var $qMinErr = minErr('$q', TypeError);
+  function callOnce(self, resolveFn, rejectFn) {
+    var called = false;
+    function wrap(fn) {
+      return function(value) {
+        if (called) return;
+        called = true;
+        fn.call(self, value);
+      };
+    }
+
+    return [wrap(resolveFn), wrap(rejectFn)];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$q#defer
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   *
+   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   */
+  var defer = function() {
+    return new Deferred();
+  };
+
+  function Promise() {
+    this.$$state = { status: 0 };
+  }
+
+  Promise.prototype = {
+    then: function(onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack) {
+      var result = new Deferred();
+
+      this.$$state.pending = this.$$state.pending || [];
+      this.$$state.pending.push([result, onFulfilled, onRejected, progressBack]);
+      if (this.$$state.status > 0) scheduleProcessQueue(this.$$state);
+
+      return result.promise;
+    },
+
+    "catch": function(callback) {
+      return this.then(null, callback);
+    },
+
+    "finally": function(callback, progressBack) {
+      return this.then(function(value) {
+        return handleCallback(value, true, callback);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return handleCallback(error, false, callback);
+      }, progressBack);
+    }
+  };
+
+  //Faster, more basic than angular.bind http://jsperf.com/angular-bind-vs-custom-vs-native
+  function simpleBind(context, fn) {
+    return function(value) {
+      fn.call(context, value);
+    };
+  }
+
+  function processQueue(state) {
+    var fn, promise, pending;
+
+    pending = state.pending;
+    state.processScheduled = false;
+    state.pending = undefined;
+    for (var i = 0, ii = pending.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+      promise = pending[i][0];
+      fn = pending[i][state.status];
+      try {
+        if (isFunction(fn)) {
+          promise.resolve(fn(state.value));
+        } else if (state.status === 1) {
+          promise.resolve(state.value);
+        } else {
+          promise.reject(state.value);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        promise.reject(e);
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function scheduleProcessQueue(state) {
+    if (state.processScheduled || !state.pending) return;
+    state.processScheduled = true;
+    nextTick(function() { processQueue(state); });
+  }
+
+  function Deferred() {
+    this.promise = new Promise();
+    //Necessary to support unbound execution :/
+    this.resolve = simpleBind(this, this.resolve);
+    this.reject = simpleBind(this, this.reject);
+    this.notify = simpleBind(this, this.notify);
+  }
+
+  Deferred.prototype = {
+    resolve: function(val) {
+      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
+      if (val === this.promise) {
+        this.$$reject($qMinErr(
+          'qcycle',
+          "Expected promise to be resolved with value other than itself '{0}'",
+          val));
+      } else {
+        this.$$resolve(val);
+      }
+
+    },
+
+    $$resolve: function(val) {
+      var then, fns;
+
+      fns = callOnce(this, this.$$resolve, this.$$reject);
+      try {
+        if ((isObject(val) || isFunction(val))) then = val && val.then;
+        if (isFunction(then)) {
+          this.promise.$$state.status = -1;
+          then.call(val, fns[0], fns[1], this.notify);
+        } else {
+          this.promise.$$state.value = val;
+          this.promise.$$state.status = 1;
+          scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        fns[1](e);
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    },
+
+    reject: function(reason) {
+      if (this.promise.$$state.status) return;
+      this.$$reject(reason);
+    },
+
+    $$reject: function(reason) {
+      this.promise.$$state.value = reason;
+      this.promise.$$state.status = 2;
+      scheduleProcessQueue(this.promise.$$state);
+    },
+
+    notify: function(progress) {
+      var callbacks = this.promise.$$state.pending;
+
+      if ((this.promise.$$state.status <= 0) && callbacks && callbacks.length) {
+        nextTick(function() {
+          var callback, result;
+          for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            result = callbacks[i][0];
+            callback = callbacks[i][3];
+            try {
+              result.notify(isFunction(callback) ? callback(progress) : progress);
+            } catch (e) {
+              exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#reject
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
+   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
+   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
+   *
+   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
+   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
+   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
+   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
+   * `reject`.
+   *
+   * ```js
+   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
+   *     //          with the old or a new result
+   *     return result;
+   *   }, function(reason) {
+   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
+   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
+   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
+   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
+   *      // handle the error and recover
+   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
+   *     }
+   *     return $q.reject(reason);
+   *   });
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
+   */
+  var reject = function(reason) {
+    var result = new Deferred();
+    result.reject(reason);
+    return result.promise;
+  };
+
+  var makePromise = function makePromise(value, resolved) {
+    var result = new Deferred();
+    if (resolved) {
+      result.resolve(value);
+    } else {
+      result.reject(value);
+    }
+    return result.promise;
+  };
+
+  var handleCallback = function handleCallback(value, isResolved, callback) {
+    var callbackOutput = null;
+    try {
+      if (isFunction(callback)) callbackOutput = callback();
+    } catch (e) {
+      return makePromise(e, false);
+    }
+    if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
+      return callbackOutput.then(function() {
+        return makePromise(value, isResolved);
+      }, function(error) {
+        return makePromise(error, false);
+      });
+    } else {
+      return makePromise(value, isResolved);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#when
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
+   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
+   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+
+
+  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressBack) {
+    var result = new Deferred();
+    result.resolve(value);
+    return result.promise.then(callback, errback, progressBack);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $q#all
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
+   * promises are resolved.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
+   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
+   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
+   *   with the same rejection value.
+   */
+
+  function all(promises) {
+    var deferred = new Deferred(),
+        counter = 0,
+        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
+      counter++;
+      when(promise).then(function(value) {
+        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
+        results[key] = value;
+        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
+        deferred.reject(reason);
+      });
+    });
+
+    if (counter === 0) {
+      deferred.resolve(results);
+    }
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  var $Q = function Q(resolver) {
+    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
+      throw $qMinErr('norslvr', "Expected resolverFn, got '{0}'", resolver);
+    }
+
+    if (!(this instanceof Q)) {
+      // More useful when $Q is the Promise itself.
+      return new Q(resolver);
+    }
+
+    var deferred = new Deferred();
+
+    function resolveFn(value) {
+      deferred.resolve(value);
+    }
+
+    function rejectFn(reason) {
+      deferred.reject(reason);
+    }
+
+    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  };
+
+  $Q.defer = defer;
+  $Q.reject = reject;
+  $Q.when = when;
+  $Q.all = all;
+
+  return $Q;
+}
+
+function $$RAFProvider() { //rAF
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
+    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
+                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
+                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;
+
+    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
+    var raf = rafSupported
+      ? function(fn) {
+          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
+          return function() {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
+          };
+        }
+      : function(fn) {
+          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
+          return function() {
+            $timeout.cancel(timer);
+          };
+        };
+
+    raf.supported = rafSupported;
+
+    return raf;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * DESIGN NOTES
+ *
+ * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ *
+ * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
+ * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ *
+ * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
+ *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
+ *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
+ *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ *
+ * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
+ *   - this means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
+ *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
+ *
+ * Child scopes are created and removed often
+ *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in middle are expensive so we use linked list
+ *
+ * There are few watches then a lot of observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be
+ * implemented in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of initialization function which
+ * are expensive to construct.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Provider for the $rootScope service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
+ * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ *
+ * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ *
+ * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
+ * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
+ * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
+ * continuously change during the digest.
+ *
+ * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
+ * proper justification.
+ *
+ * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $rootScope
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+ * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
+ * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
+ * They also provide an event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
+ * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
+ */
+function $RootScopeProvider() {
+  var TTL = 10;
+  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
+  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
+  var applyAsyncId = null;
+
+  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
+    }
+    return TTL;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
+      function($injector, $exceptionHandler, $parse, $browser) {
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc type
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
+     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
+     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
+     * compiled HTML template is executed.)
+     *
+     * Here is a simple scope snippet to show how you can interact with the scope.
+     * ```html
+     * <file src="./test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js" tag="docs1" />
+     * ```
+     *
+     * # Inheritance
+     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
+     * ```js
+         var parent = $rootScope;
+         var child = parent.$new();
+
+         parent.salutation = "Hello";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+
+         child.salutation = "Welcome";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
+         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+     * ```
+     *
+     * When interacting with `Scope` in tests, additional helper methods are available on the
+     * instances of `Scope` type. See {@link ngMock.$rootScope.Scope ngMock Scope} for additional
+     * details.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
+     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
+     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
+     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
+     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
+     *                              service.
+     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
+     *
+     */
+    function Scope() {
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
+                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
+                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this.$root = this;
+      this.$$destroyed = false;
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$listenerCount = {};
+      this.$$isolateBindings = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing) useful for debugging.
+     */
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc property
+      * @name $rootScope.Scope#$parent
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Reference to the parent scope.
+      */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc property
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$root
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Reference to the root scope.
+       */
+
+    Scope.prototype = {
+      constructor: Scope,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+       *
+       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} event.
+       * The scope can be removed from the scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
+       *
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
+       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
+       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
+       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
+       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
+       *         state.
+       *
+       * @param {Scope} [parent=this] The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `Scope`} that will be the `$parent`
+       *                              of the newly created scope. Defaults to `this` scope if not provided.
+       *                              This is used when creating a transclude scope to correctly place it
+       *                              in the scope hierarchy while maintaining the correct prototypical
+       *                              inheritance.
+       *
+       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
+       *
+       */
+      $new: function(isolate, parent) {
+        var child;
+
+        parent = parent || this;
+
+        if (isolate) {
+          child = new Scope();
+          child.$root = this.$root;
+        } else {
+          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
+          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
+          if (!this.$$ChildScope) {
+            this.$$ChildScope = function ChildScope() {
+              this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
+                  this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+              this.$$listeners = {};
+              this.$$listenerCount = {};
+              this.$id = nextUid();
+              this.$$ChildScope = null;
+            };
+            this.$$ChildScope.prototype = this;
+          }
+          child = new this.$$ChildScope();
+        }
+        child.$parent = parent;
+        child.$$prevSibling = parent.$$childTail;
+        if (parent.$$childHead) {
+          parent.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
+          parent.$$childTail = child;
+        } else {
+          parent.$$childHead = parent.$$childTail = child;
+        }
+
+        // When the new scope is not isolated or we inherit from `this`, and
+        // the parent scope is destroyed, the property `$$destroyed` is inherited
+        // prototypically. In all other cases, this property needs to be set
+        // when the parent scope is destroyed.
+        // The listener needs to be added after the parent is set
+        if (isolate || parent != this) child.$on('$destroy', destroyChild);
+
+        return child;
+
+        function destroyChild() {
+          child.$$destroyed = true;
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (Since
+       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} reruns when it detects changes the
+       *   `watchExpression` can execute multiple times per
+       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} and should be idempotent.)
+       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
+       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
+       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
+       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
+       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
+       *   (see next point)
+       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
+       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
+       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
+       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
+       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
+       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
+       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
+       *
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Since `watchExpression`
+       * can execute multiple times per {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle when a
+       * change is detected, be prepared for multiple calls to your listener.)
+       *
+       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
+       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
+       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
+       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
+       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
+       * listener was called due to initialization.
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
+           var scope = $rootScope;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+
+
+
+           // Using a function as a watchExpression
+           var food;
+           scope.foodCounter = 0;
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch(
+             // This function returns the value being watched. It is called for each turn of the $digest loop
+             function() { return food; },
+             // This is the change listener, called when the value returned from the above function changes
+             function(newValue, oldValue) {
+               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
+                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
+                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
+               }
+             }
+           );
+           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
+           food = 'cheeseburger';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
+
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
+       *    a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
+       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
+       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
+       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
+       * @param {boolean=} objectEquality Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
+       *     comparing for reference equality.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality) {
+        var get = $parse(watchExp);
+
+        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
+          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, listener, objectEquality, get);
+        }
+        var scope = this,
+            array = scope.$$watchers,
+            watcher = {
+              fn: listener,
+              last: initWatchVal,
+              get: get,
+              exp: watchExp,
+              eq: !!objectEquality
+            };
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
+          watcher.fn = noop;
+        }
+
+        if (!array) {
+          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
+        }
+        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
+        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
+        array.unshift(watcher);
+
+        return function deregisterWatch() {
+          arrayRemove(array, watcher);
+          lastDirtyWatch = null;
+        };
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
+       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
+       *
+       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via standard $watch operation and are examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items changes.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
+       *
+       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
+       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
+       *
+       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
+       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
+       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
+       *    those of `watchExpression`
+       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
+       */
+      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
+        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
+        var deregisterFns = [];
+        var self = this;
+        var changeReactionScheduled = false;
+        var firstRun = true;
+
+        if (!watchExpressions.length) {
+          // No expressions means we call the listener ASAP
+          var shouldCall = true;
+          self.$evalAsync(function() {
+            if (shouldCall) listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          });
+          return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+            shouldCall = false;
+          };
+        }
+
+        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
+          // Special case size of one
+          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
+            newValues[0] = value;
+            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
+            listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
+          });
+        }
+
+        forEach(watchExpressions, function(expr, i) {
+          var unwatchFn = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value, oldValue) {
+            newValues[i] = value;
+            oldValues[i] = oldValue;
+            if (!changeReactionScheduled) {
+              changeReactionScheduled = true;
+              self.$evalAsync(watchGroupAction);
+            }
+          });
+          deregisterFns.push(unwatchFn);
+        });
+
+        function watchGroupAction() {
+          changeReactionScheduled = false;
+
+          if (firstRun) {
+            firstRun = false;
+            listener(newValues, newValues, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValues, oldValues, self);
+          }
+        }
+
+        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
+          while (deregisterFns.length) {
+            deregisterFns.shift()();
+          }
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
+       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
+       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
+       *
+       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
+       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
+       *
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
+          $scope.dataCount = 4;
+
+          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
+            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
+          });
+
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //still at 4 ... no changes
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+
+          $scope.names.pop();
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //now there's been a change
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
+       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
+       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
+       *    when a change is detected.
+       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
+       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
+       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
+       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
+       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
+       *
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
+       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
+       */
+      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
+        $watchCollectionInterceptor.$stateful = true;
+
+        var self = this;
+        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
+        var newValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
+        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
+        var oldValue;
+        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
+        var veryOldValue;
+        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
+        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
+        var changeDetected = 0;
+        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
+        var internalArray = [];
+        var internalObject = {};
+        var initRun = true;
+        var oldLength = 0;
+
+        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
+          newValue = _value;
+          var newLength, key, bothNaN, newItem, oldItem;
+
+          // If the new value is undefined, then return undefined as the watch may be a one-time watch
+          if (isUndefined(newValue)) return;
+
+          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
+            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
+              oldValue = newValue;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
+              oldValue = internalArray;
+              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+
+            newLength = newValue.length;
+
+            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
+              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
+              changeDetected++;
+              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
+              oldItem = oldValue[i];
+              newItem = newValue[i];
+
+              bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+              if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                changeDetected++;
+                oldValue[i] = newItem;
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
+              oldValue = internalObject = {};
+              oldLength = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            newLength = 0;
+            for (key in newValue) {
+              if (newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                newLength++;
+                newItem = newValue[key];
+                oldItem = oldValue[key];
+
+                if (key in oldValue) {
+                  bothNaN = (oldItem !== oldItem) && (newItem !== newItem);
+                  if (!bothNaN && (oldItem !== newItem)) {
+                    changeDetected++;
+                    oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  oldLength++;
+                  oldValue[key] = newItem;
+                  changeDetected++;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (oldLength > newLength) {
+              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
+              changeDetected++;
+              for (key in oldValue) {
+                if (!newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                  oldLength--;
+                  delete oldValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return changeDetected;
+        }
+
+        function $watchCollectionAction() {
+          if (initRun) {
+            initRun = false;
+            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
+          } else {
+            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
+          }
+
+          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
+          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
+            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
+              //primitive
+              veryOldValue = newValue;
+            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
+              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
+                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
+              }
+            } else { // if object
+              veryOldValue = {};
+              for (var key in newValue) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
+                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
+       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
+       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
+       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
+       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
+       * iterations exceeds 10.
+       *
+       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
+       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
+       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
+       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
+       *
+       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ...;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
+       * ```
+       *
+       */
+      $digest: function() {
+        var watch, value, last,
+            watchers,
+            length,
+            dirty, ttl = TTL,
+            next, current, target = this,
+            watchLog = [],
+            logIdx, logMsg, asyncTask;
+
+        beginPhase('$digest');
+        // Check for changes to browser url that happened in sync before the call to $digest
+        $browser.$$checkUrlChange();
+
+        if (this === $rootScope && applyAsyncId !== null) {
+          // If this is the root scope, and $applyAsync has scheduled a deferred $apply(), then
+          // cancel the scheduled $apply and flush the queue of expressions to be evaluated.
+          $browser.defer.cancel(applyAsyncId);
+          flushApplyAsync();
+        }
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        do { // "while dirty" loop
+          dirty = false;
+          current = target;
+
+          while (asyncQueue.length) {
+            try {
+              asyncTask = asyncQueue.shift();
+              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression, asyncTask.locals);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+            lastDirtyWatch = null;
+          }
+
+          traverseScopesLoop:
+          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
+            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
+              // process our watches
+              length = watchers.length;
+              while (length--) {
+                try {
+                  watch = watchers[length];
+                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
+                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
+                  if (watch) {
+                    if ((value = watch.get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
+                        !(watch.eq
+                            ? equals(value, last)
+                            : (typeof value === 'number' && typeof last === 'number'
+                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
+                      dirty = true;
+                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
+                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
+                      watch.fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
+                      if (ttl < 5) {
+                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
+                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
+                        watchLog[logIdx].push({
+                          msg: isFunction(watch.exp) ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString()) : watch.exp,
+                          newVal: value,
+                          oldVal: last
+                        });
+                      }
+                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
+                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
+                      // have already been tested.
+                      dirty = false;
+                      break traverseScopesLoop;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } catch (e) {
+                  $exceptionHandler(e);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
+            if (!(next = (current.$$childHead ||
+                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+              while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+                current = current.$parent;
+              }
+            }
+          } while ((current = next));
+
+          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
+
+          if ((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
+            clearPhase();
+            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
+                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
+                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
+                TTL, watchLog);
+          }
+
+        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
+
+        clearPhase();
+
+        while (postDigestQueue.length) {
+          try {
+            postDigestQueue.shift()();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
+       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
+       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
+       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
+       *
+       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
+       * unrolling of the loop.
+       *
+       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
+       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
+       * perform any necessary cleanup.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+      $destroy: function() {
+        // we can't destroy the root scope or a scope that has been already destroyed
+        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
+        var parent = this.$parent;
+
+        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
+        this.$$destroyed = true;
+        if (this === $rootScope) return;
+
+        for (var eventName in this.$$listenerCount) {
+          decrementListenerCount(this, this.$$listenerCount[eventName], eventName);
+        }
+
+        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
+        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
+        if (parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
+        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
+
+        // Disable listeners, watchers and apply/digest methods
+        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = this.$evalAsync = this.$applyAsync = noop;
+        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
+        this.$$listeners = {};
+
+        // All of the code below is bogus code that works around V8's memory leak via optimized code
+        // and inline caches.
+        //
+        // see:
+        // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
+        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
+        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
+
+        this.$parent = this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling = this.$$childHead =
+            this.$$childTail = this.$root = this.$$watchers = null;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
+       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
+       * expressions.
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * ```js
+           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
+           scope.a = 1;
+           scope.b = 2;
+
+           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
+           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
+       * ```
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
+        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
+       *
+       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
+       * that:
+       *
+       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
+       *     rendering).
+       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
+       *     `expression` execution.
+       *
+       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
+       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
+       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       */
+      $evalAsync: function(expr, locals) {
+        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
+        // task also schedule async auto-flush
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !asyncQueue.length) {
+          $browser.defer(function() {
+            if (asyncQueue.length) {
+              $rootScope.$digest();
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: expr, locals: locals});
+      },
+
+      $$postDigest: function(fn) {
+        postDigestQueue.push(fn);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
+       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
+       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
+       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
+       *
+       * ## Life cycle
+       *
+       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
+       * ```js
+           function $apply(expr) {
+             try {
+               return $eval(expr);
+             } catch (e) {
+               $exceptionHandler(e);
+             } finally {
+               $root.$digest();
+             }
+           }
+       * ```
+       *
+       *
+       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
+       *
+       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
+       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
+       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $apply: function(expr) {
+        try {
+          beginPhase('$apply');
+          return this.$eval(expr);
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          clearPhase();
+          try {
+            $rootScope.$digest();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$applyAsync
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Schedule the invocation of $apply to occur at a later time. The actual time difference
+       * varies across browsers, but is typically around ~10 milliseconds.
+       *
+       * This can be used to queue up multiple expressions which need to be evaluated in the same
+       * digest.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       */
+      $applyAsync: function(expr) {
+        var scope = this;
+        expr && applyAsyncQueue.push($applyAsyncExpression);
+        scheduleApplyAsync();
+
+        function $applyAsyncExpression() {
+          scope.$eval(expr);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
+       * discussion of event life cycle.
+       *
+       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
+       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
+       *
+       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
+       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
+       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
+       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
+       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
+       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
+       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
+       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
+       *     to true.
+       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
+       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $on: function(name, listener) {
+        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
+        if (!namedListeners) {
+          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
+        }
+        namedListeners.push(listener);
+
+        var current = this;
+        do {
+          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
+            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
+          }
+          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
+        } while ((current = current.$parent));
+
+        var self = this;
+        return function() {
+          var indexOfListener = namedListeners.indexOf(listener);
+          if (indexOfListener !== -1) {
+            namedListeners[indexOfListener] = null;
+            decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
+          }
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
+       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
+       * cancels it.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
+       */
+      $emit: function(name, args) {
+        var empty = [],
+            namedListeners,
+            scope = this,
+            stopPropagation = false,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: scope,
+              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            i, length;
+
+        do {
+          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
+          event.currentScope = scope;
+          for (i = 0, length = namedListeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
+              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+            try {
+              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
+              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
+          if (stopPropagation) {
+            event.currentScope = null;
+            return event;
+          }
+          //traverse upwards
+          scope = scope.$parent;
+        } while (scope);
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+
+        return event;
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
+       * @kind function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
+       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
+       */
+      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
+        var target = this,
+            current = target,
+            next = target,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: target,
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            };
+
+        if (!target.$$listenerCount[name]) return event;
+
+        var listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            listeners, i, length;
+
+        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
+        while ((current = next)) {
+          event.currentScope = current;
+          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
+          for (i = 0, length = listeners.length; i < length; i++) {
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!listeners[i]) {
+              listeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
+          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount)
+          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
+              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+            while (current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+              current = current.$parent;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        event.currentScope = null;
+        return event;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var $rootScope = new Scope();
+
+    //The internal queues. Expose them on the $rootScope for debugging/testing purposes.
+    var asyncQueue = $rootScope.$$asyncQueue = [];
+    var postDigestQueue = $rootScope.$$postDigestQueue = [];
+    var applyAsyncQueue = $rootScope.$$applyAsyncQueue = [];
+
+    return $rootScope;
+
+
+    function beginPhase(phase) {
+      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
+    }
+
+    function clearPhase() {
+      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
+    }
+
+
+    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
+      do {
+        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;
+
+        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
+          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
+        }
+      } while ((current = current.$parent));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
+     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
+     */
+    function initWatchVal() {}
+
+    function flushApplyAsync() {
+      while (applyAsyncQueue.length) {
+        try {
+          applyAsyncQueue.shift()();
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+      }
+      applyAsyncId = null;
+    }
+
+    function scheduleApplyAsync() {
+      if (applyAsyncId === null) {
+        applyAsyncId = $browser.defer(function() {
+          $rootScope.$apply(flushApplyAsync);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
+ */
+function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
+  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
+    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*((https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\/)/;
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
+      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
+      var normalizedVal;
+      normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
+      if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+        return 'unsafe:' + normalizedVal;
+      }
+      return uri;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
+
+var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
+  HTML: 'html',
+  CSS: 'css',
+  URL: 'url',
+  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
+  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
+  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
+  JS: 'js'
+};
+
+// Helper functions follow.
+
+function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
+  if (matcher === 'self') {
+    return matcher;
+  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
+    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
+    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
+    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
+    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
+    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
+          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
+    }
+    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
+                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
+                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
+  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
+    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
+    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
+    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
+  } else {
+    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
+        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
+  }
+}
+
+
+function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
+  var adjustedMatchers = [];
+  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
+    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
+      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
+    });
+  }
+  return adjustedMatchers;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sceDelegate
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
+ * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
+ * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
+ * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
+ * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
+ * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
+ *
+ * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
+ * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
+ * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
+ * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
+ * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceDelegateProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
+ * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
+ * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
+ *
+ * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
+ *
+ * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
+ * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
+ *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
+ * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
+ *
+ * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
+ *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
+ *      'self',
+ *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
+ *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
+ *    ]);
+ *
+ *    // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
+ *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
+ *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
+ *    ]);
+ *  });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+function $SceDelegateProvider() {
+  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
+
+  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
+  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
+      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
+   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
+   *     changes to the array are ignored.
+   *
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   *     Note: **an empty whitelist array will block all URLs**!
+   *
+   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
+   * same origin resource requests.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
+   */
+  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
+   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
+   *     changes to the array are ignored.
+   *
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   *     The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
+   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
+   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
+   *
+   *     Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
+   * is no blacklist.)
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
+   */
+
+  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+
+    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    };
+
+    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
+      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
+    }
+
+
+    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
+      if (matcher === 'self') {
+        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
+      } else {
+        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
+        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
+      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
+      var i, n, allowed = false;
+      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
+      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
+        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
+          allowed = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allowed) {
+        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
+        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
+          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
+            allowed = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return allowed;
+    }
+
+    function generateHolderType(Base) {
+      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
+        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
+          return trustedValue;
+        };
+      };
+      if (Base) {
+        holderType.prototype = new Base();
+      }
+      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      };
+      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
+      };
+      return holderType;
+    }
+
+    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
+        byType = {};
+
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
+     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src
+     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
+     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
+     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
+     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
+     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
+     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
+     */
+    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
+      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (!Constructor) {
+        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
+            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
+            type, trustedValue);
+      }
+      if (trustedValue === null || trustedValue === undefined || trustedValue === '') {
+        return trustedValue;
+      }
+      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
+      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
+      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
+        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
+            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
+            type);
+      }
+      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
+     *
+     * @description
+     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
+     *
+     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
+     *      call or anything else.
+     * @returns {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
+     *     `value` unchanged.
+     */
+    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      } else {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
+     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
+     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
+     */
+    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted === null || maybeTrusted === undefined || maybeTrusted === '') {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
+      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
+      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
+      // 2. throw an exception.
+      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
+        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
+          return maybeTrusted;
+        } else {
+          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
+              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
+              maybeTrusted.toString());
+        }
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
+        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
+      }
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    }
+
+    return { trustAs: trustAs,
+             getTrusted: getTrusted,
+             valueOf: valueOf };
+  }];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $sceProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
+ * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
+ * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
+ *
+ * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ */
+
+/* jshint maxlen: false*/
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sce
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * # Strict Contextual Escaping
+ *
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
+ * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
+ * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
+ * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
+ *
+ * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
+ *
+ * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE<11 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE<11 allow
+ * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
+ * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
+ * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
+ * to the top of your HTML document.
+ *
+ * SCE assists in writing code in way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
+ * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
+ *
+ * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <input ng-model="userHtml">
+ * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
+ * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
+ * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
+ * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
+ * security vulnerabilities.)
+ *
+ * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
+ * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
+ *
+ * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
+ * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
+ * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
+ * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
+ *
+ * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
+ * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
+ * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
+ * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
+ * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
+ * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
+ * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
+ *
+ * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
+ * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
+ * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## How does it work?
+ *
+ * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
+ * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAs $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
+ * {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
+ *
+ * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
+ * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
+ * simplified):
+ *
+ * ```
+ * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+ *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
+ *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
+ *       element.html(value || '');
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ * }];
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Impact on loading templates
+ *
+ * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
+ * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
+ *
+ * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
+ * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
+ * protocols, you may either either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
+ * them} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
+ *
+ * *Please note*:
+ * The browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
+ * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
+ * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
+ * browsers.
+ *
+ * ## This feels like too much overhead
+ *
+ * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
+ *
+ * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
+ * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (remember to include the `ngSanitize` module) (e.g.
+ * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
+ *
+ * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
+ * through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
+ *
+ * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
+ * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
+ * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
+ * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
+ *
+ * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
+ * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
+ * security onto an application later.
+ *
+ * <a name="contexts"></a>
+ * ## What trusted context types are supported?
+ *
+ * | Context             | Notes          |
+ * |---------------------|----------------|
+ * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
+ * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't constitute an SCE context. |
+ * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
+ * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ *
+ * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
+ *
+ *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
+ *
+ *  - **'self'**
+ *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
+ *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
+ *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
+ *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
+ *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
+ *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
+ *      match themselves.
+ *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
+ *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and ';'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
+ *      in a whitelist.
+ *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
+ *      not appropriate to use in for a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
+ *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
+ *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
+ *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
+ *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
+ *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
+ *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
+ *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
+ *      have good test coverage.).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
+ *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
+ *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
+ *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
+ *      if they as a last resort.
+ *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
+ *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
+ *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
+ *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
+ *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
+ *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
+ *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
+ *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
+ *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
+ *      enough before coding your own.  e.g. Ruby has
+ *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
+ *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
+ *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
+ *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
+ *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
+ *
+ * ## Show me an example using SCE.
+ *
+ * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+ * <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
+ *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
+ *     <b>User comments</b><br>
+ *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
+ *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
+ *     exploit.
+ *     <div class="well">
+ *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
+ *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
+ *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
+ *         <br>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="script.js">
+ *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
+ *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
+ *       function($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
+ *         var self = this;
+ *         $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
+ *           self.userComments = userComments;
+ *         });
+ *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
+ *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *       }]);
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="test_data.json">
+ * [
+ *   { "name": "Alice",
+ *     "htmlComment":
+ *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
+ *   },
+ *   { "name": "Bob",
+ *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
+ *   }
+ * ]
+ * </file>
+ *
+ * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
+ *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getInnerHtml())
+ *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
+ *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
+ *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+ *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+ *     });
+ *   });
+ * </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
+ *
+ * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
+ * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
+ * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
+ * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
+ * you're migrating them a module at a time.
+ *
+ * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
+ *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
+ *   // Do not use in new projects.
+ *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
+/* jshint maxlen: 100 */
+
+function $SceProvider() {
+  var enabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
+   * @kind function
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
+   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
+   */
+  this.enabled = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enabled = !!value;
+    }
+    return enabled;
+  };
+
+
+  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
+   *
+   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
+   * -------------------------------------
+   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
+   *
+   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
+   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
+   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
+   *
+   * - valueOf(value)
+   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
+   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
+   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
+   *     such a value.
+   *
+   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
+   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
+   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
+   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
+   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
+   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
+   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
+   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
+   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
+   *
+   *
+   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
+   * ------------------------------------------------
+   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
+   * is purely an implementation details.
+   *
+   * The contract is simply this:
+   *
+   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
+   *     will also succeed.
+   *
+   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
+   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
+   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sceDelegate', function(
+                $parse,   $sceDelegate) {
+    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE<11 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE < 11 allow
+    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
+    if (enabled && msie < 8) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
+        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 11 in quirks ' +
+        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
+        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
+    }
+
+    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#isEnabled
+     * @kind function
+     *
+     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
+     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
+     */
+    sce.isEnabled = function() {
+      return enabled;
+    };
+    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
+    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
+    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
+
+    if (!enabled) {
+      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
+      sce.valueOf = identity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
+     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
+     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
+     * *result*)}
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
+      var parsed = $parse(expr);
+      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
+        return parsed;
+      } else {
+        return $parse(expr, function(value) {
+          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
+     * returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
+     * escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src attribute
+     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
+     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
+     * escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
+     *   resource_url, html, js and css.
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
+     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
+     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
+     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
+     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrusted
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
+     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
+     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
+     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
+     *                         call.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
+     *              {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
+     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#parseAs `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    // Shorthand delegations.
+    var parse = sce.parseAs,
+        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
+        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
+
+    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function(enumValue, name) {
+      var lName = lowercase(name);
+      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function(expr) {
+        return parse(enumValue, expr);
+      };
+      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
+      };
+      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function(value) {
+        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
+      };
+    });
+
+    return sce;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
+ *
+ * @name $sniffer
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
+ * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
+ * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
+ */
+function $SnifferProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
+    var eventSupport = {},
+        android =
+          int((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
+        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
+        document = $document[0] || {},
+        vendorPrefix,
+        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
+        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
+        transitions = false,
+        animations = false,
+        match;
+
+    if (bodyStyle) {
+      for (var prop in bodyStyle) {
+        if (match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
+          vendorPrefix = match[0];
+          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!vendorPrefix) {
+        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
+      }
+
+      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
+      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));
+
+      if (android && (!transitions ||  !animations)) {
+        transitions = isString(document.body.style.webkitTransition);
+        animations = isString(document.body.style.webkitAnimation);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    return {
+      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
+      // so let's not use the history API at all.
+      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
+
+      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
+      // so let's not use the history API also
+      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
+      // jshint -W018
+      history: !!($window.history && $window.history.pushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
+      // jshint +W018
+      hasEvent: function(event) {
+        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
+        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
+        // when cut operation is performed.
+        // IE10+ implements 'input' event but it erroneously fires under various situations,
+        // e.g. when placeholder changes, or a form is focused.
+        if (event === 'input' && msie <= 11) return false;
+
+        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
+          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
+          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
+        }
+
+        return eventSupport[event];
+      },
+      csp: csp(),
+      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
+      transitions: transitions,
+      animations: animations,
+      android: android
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $templateRequest
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `$templateRequest` service downloads the provided template using `$http` and, upon success,
+ * stores the contents inside of `$templateCache`. If the HTTP request fails or the response data
+ * of the HTTP request is empty, a `$compile` error will be thrown (the exception can be thwarted
+ * by setting the 2nd parameter of the function to true).
+ *
+ * @param {string} tpl The HTTP request template URL
+ * @param {boolean=} ignoreRequestError Whether or not to ignore the exception when the request fails or the template is empty
+ *
+ * @return {Promise} the HTTP Promise for the given.
+ *
+ * @property {number} totalPendingRequests total amount of pending template requests being downloaded.
+ */
+function $TemplateRequestProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$templateCache', '$http', '$q', function($templateCache, $http, $q) {
+    function handleRequestFn(tpl, ignoreRequestError) {
+      handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests++;
+
+      var transformResponse = $http.defaults && $http.defaults.transformResponse;
+
+      if (isArray(transformResponse)) {
+        transformResponse = transformResponse.filter(function(transformer) {
+          return transformer !== defaultHttpResponseTransform;
+        });
+      } else if (transformResponse === defaultHttpResponseTransform) {
+        transformResponse = null;
+      }
+
+      var httpOptions = {
+        cache: $templateCache,
+        transformResponse: transformResponse
+      };
+
+      return $http.get(tpl, httpOptions)
+        ['finally'](function() {
+          handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests--;
+        })
+        .then(function(response) {
+          return response.data;
+        }, handleError);
+
+      function handleError(resp) {
+        if (!ignoreRequestError) {
+          throw $compileMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0}', tpl);
+        }
+        return $q.reject(resp);
+      }
+    }
+
+    handleRequestFn.totalPendingRequests = 0;
+
+    return handleRequestFn;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $$TestabilityProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$location',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $location) {
+
+    /**
+     * @name $testability
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The private $$testability service provides a collection of methods for use when debugging
+     * or by automated test and debugging tools.
+     */
+    var testability = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findBindings
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are bound (via ng-bind or {{}})
+     * to expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The binding expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression. Filters and whitespace are ignored.
+     */
+    testability.findBindings = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var bindings = element.getElementsByClassName('ng-binding');
+      var matches = [];
+      forEach(bindings, function(binding) {
+        var dataBinding = angular.element(binding).data('$binding');
+        if (dataBinding) {
+          forEach(dataBinding, function(bindingName) {
+            if (opt_exactMatch) {
+              var matcher = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeForRegexp(expression) + '(\\s|\\||$)');
+              if (matcher.test(bindingName)) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (bindingName.indexOf(expression) != -1) {
+                matches.push(binding);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      });
+      return matches;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#findModels
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an array of elements that are two-way found via ng-model to
+     * expressions matching the input.
+     *
+     * @param {Element} element The element root to search from.
+     * @param {string} expression The model expression to match.
+     * @param {boolean} opt_exactMatch If true, only returns exact matches
+     *     for the expression.
+     */
+    testability.findModels = function(element, expression, opt_exactMatch) {
+      var prefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng\\:'];
+      for (var p = 0; p < prefixes.length; ++p) {
+        var attributeEquals = opt_exactMatch ? '=' : '*=';
+        var selector = '[' + prefixes[p] + 'model' + attributeEquals + '"' + expression + '"]';
+        var elements = element.querySelectorAll(selector);
+        if (elements.length) {
+          return elements;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#getLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for getting the location in a browser agnostic way. Returns
+     *     the path, search, and hash. (e.g. /path?a=b#hash)
+     */
+    testability.getLocation = function() {
+      return $location.url();
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#setLocation
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut for navigating to a location without doing a full page reload.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url The location url (path, search and hash,
+     *     e.g. /path?a=b#hash) to go to.
+     */
+    testability.setLocation = function(url) {
+      if (url !== $location.url()) {
+        $location.url(url);
+        $rootScope.$digest();
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @name $$testability#whenStable
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Calls the callback when $timeout and $http requests are completed.
+     *
+     * @param {function} callback
+     */
+    testability.whenStable = function(callback) {
+      $browser.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests(callback);
+    };
+
+    return testability;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $TimeoutProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
+    var deferreds = {};
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc service
+      * @name $timeout
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
+      * block and delegates any exceptions to
+      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+      *
+      * The return value of registering a timeout function is a promise, which will be resolved when
+      * the timeout is reached and the timeout function is executed.
+      *
+      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
+      *
+      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
+      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
+      *
+      * @param {function()} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
+      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
+      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
+      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The value this
+      *   promise will be resolved with is the return value of the `fn` function.
+      *
+      */
+    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
+      var skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          timeoutId;
+
+      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
+        try {
+          deferred.resolve(fn());
+        } catch (e) {
+          deferred.reject(e);
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+        finally {
+          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }, delay);
+
+      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
+      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc method
+      * @name $timeout#cancel
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
+      * resolved with a rejection.
+      *
+      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
+      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+      *   canceled.
+      */
+    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
+        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
+        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return timeout;
+  }];
+}
+
+// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
+// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
+// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
+// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
+// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
+// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
+// service.
+var urlParsingNode = document.createElement("a");
+var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href);
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
+ * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
+ * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
+ * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
+ * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
+ * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
+ * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for IE
+ * ---------------------------
+ * IE >= 8 and <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
+ * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
+ * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
+ * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
+ * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
+ * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
+ *
+ * IE7 does not normalize the URL when assigned to an anchor node.  (Apparently, it does, if one
+ * uses the inner HTML approach to assign the URL as part of an HTML snippet -
+ * http://stackoverflow.com/a/472729)  However, setting img[src] does normalize the URL.
+ * Unfortunately, setting img[src] to something like "javascript:foo" on IE throws an exception.
+ * Since the primary usage for normalizing URLs is to sanitize such URLs, we can't use that
+ * method and IE < 8 is unsupported.
+ *
+ * References:
+ *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
+ *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+ *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
+ *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
+ *
+ * @kind function
+ * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
+ * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
+ * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
+ *
+ *   | member name   | Description    |
+ *   |---------------|----------------|
+ *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
+ *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
+ *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
+ *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
+ *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
+ *   | hostname      | The hostname
+ *   | port          | The port, without ":"
+ *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
+ *
+ */
+function urlResolve(url) {
+  var href = url;
+
+  if (msie) {
+    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
+    // done in two steps on IE.
+    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
+    href = urlParsingNode.href;
+  }
+
+  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+
+  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+  return {
+    href: urlParsingNode.href,
+    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+    host: urlParsingNode.host,
+    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
+    port: urlParsingNode.port,
+    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
+      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
+      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
+  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
+  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
+          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
+ * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
+ * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
+ * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
+ *
+ * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
+ * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
+ * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
+ * expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="windowExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('windowExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function($scope, $window) {
+             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
+             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
+               $window.alert(greeting);
+             };
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" />
+         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
+       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
+       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
+       // element(':button').click();
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $WindowProvider() {
+  this.$get = valueFn(window);
+}
+
+/* global currencyFilter: true,
+ dateFilter: true,
+ filterFilter: true,
+ jsonFilter: true,
+ limitToFilter: true,
+ lowercaseFilter: true,
+ numberFilter: true,
+ orderByFilter: true,
+ uppercaseFilter: true,
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $filterProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
+ * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
+ * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   // Filter registration
+ *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
+ *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
+ *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
+ *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // register a filter factory which uses the
+ *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
+ *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
+ *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
+ *       // to generate salutation
+ *       return function(text) {
+ *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
+ *         return text && greet(text) || text;
+ *       };
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
+ * `Filter`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
+ *     function($filterProvider) {
+ *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
+ *         return ...;
+ *       });
+ *     },
+ *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
+ *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
+ *     });
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
+ * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $filter
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
+ *
+ * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
+ *
+ *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
+ *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
+ * @return {Function} the filter function
+ * @example
+   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
+        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('filterExample', [])
+      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
+        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
+        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+  */
+$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
+function $FilterProvider($provide) {
+  var suffix = 'Filter';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $filterProvider#register
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
+   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
+   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
+   *    of the registered filter instances.
+   */
+  function register(name, factory) {
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      var filters = {};
+      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
+        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
+      });
+      return filters;
+    } else {
+      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
+    }
+  }
+  this.register = register;
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+    return function(name) {
+      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
+    };
+  }];
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /* global
+    currencyFilter: false,
+    dateFilter: false,
+    filterFilter: false,
+    jsonFilter: false,
+    limitToFilter: false,
+    lowercaseFilter: false,
+    numberFilter: false,
+    orderByFilter: false,
+    uppercaseFilter: false,
+  */
+
+  register('currency', currencyFilter);
+  register('date', dateFilter);
+  register('filter', filterFilter);
+  register('json', jsonFilter);
+  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
+  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
+  register('number', numberFilter);
+  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
+  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name filter
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The source array.
+ * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
+ *   `array`.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `string`: The string is used for matching against the contents of the `array`. All strings or
+ *     objects with string properties in `array` that match this string will be returned. This also
+ *     applies to nested object properties.
+ *     The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
+ *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
+ *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
+ *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
+ *     property of the object or its nested object properties. That's equivalent to the simple
+ *     substring match with a `string` as described above. The predicate can be negated by prefixing
+ *     the string with `!`.
+ *     For example `{name: "!M"}` predicate will return an array of items which have property `name`
+ *     not containing "M".
+ *
+ *     Note that a named property will match properties on the same level only, while the special
+ *     `$` property will match properties on the same level or deeper. E.g. an array item like
+ *     `{name: {first: 'John', last: 'Doe'}}` will **not** be matched by `{name: 'John'}`, but
+ *     **will** be matched by `{$: 'John'}`.
+ *
+ *   - `function(value, index)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters. The
+ *     function is called for each element of `array`. The final result is an array of those
+ *     elements that the predicate returned true for.
+ *
+ * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
+ *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
+ *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
+ *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
+ *     should return true if both values should be considered equal.
+ *
+ *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(actual, expected)}`.
+ *     This is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
+ *
+ *   - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
+ *     insensitive way.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
+                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
+                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
+                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
+                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
+                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
+
+       Search: <input ng-model="searchText">
+       <table id="searchTextResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       <hr>
+       Any: <input ng-model="search.$"> <br>
+       Name only <input ng-model="search.name"><br>
+       Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"><br>
+       Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"><br>
+       <table id="searchObjResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
+           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
+         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
+           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
+             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
+           });
+         });
+       };
+
+       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
+         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('m');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');
+
+         searchText.clear();
+         searchText.sendKeys('76');
+         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
+       });
+
+       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
+         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
+         searchAny.clear();
+         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
+         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
+         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
+         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
+         searchName.clear();
+         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
+         strict.click();
+         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function filterFilter() {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator) {
+    if (!isArray(array)) return array;
+
+    var predicateFn;
+    var matchAgainstAnyProp;
+
+    switch (typeof expression) {
+      case 'function':
+        predicateFn = expression;
+        break;
+      case 'boolean':
+      case 'number':
+      case 'string':
+        matchAgainstAnyProp = true;
+        //jshint -W086
+      case 'object':
+        //jshint +W086
+        predicateFn = createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+        break;
+      default:
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    return array.filter(predicateFn);
+  };
+}
+
+// Helper functions for `filterFilter`
+function createPredicateFn(expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+  var shouldMatchPrimitives = isObject(expression) && ('$' in expression);
+  var predicateFn;
+
+  if (comparator === true) {
+    comparator = equals;
+  } else if (!isFunction(comparator)) {
+    comparator = function(actual, expected) {
+      if (isObject(actual) || isObject(expected)) {
+        // Prevent an object to be considered equal to a string like `'[object'`
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      actual = lowercase('' + actual);
+      expected = lowercase('' + expected);
+      return actual.indexOf(expected) !== -1;
+    };
+  }
+
+  predicateFn = function(item) {
+    if (shouldMatchPrimitives && !isObject(item)) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expression.$, comparator, false);
+    }
+    return deepCompare(item, expression, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  };
+
+  return predicateFn;
+}
+
+function deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp, dontMatchWholeObject) {
+  var actualType = typeof actual;
+  var expectedType = typeof expected;
+
+  if ((expectedType === 'string') && (expected.charAt(0) === '!')) {
+    return !deepCompare(actual, expected.substring(1), comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+  } else if (isArray(actual)) {
+    // In case `actual` is an array, consider it a match
+    // if ANY of it's items matches `expected`
+    return actual.some(function(item) {
+      return deepCompare(item, expected, comparator, matchAgainstAnyProp);
+    });
+  }
+
+  switch (actualType) {
+    case 'object':
+      var key;
+      if (matchAgainstAnyProp) {
+        for (key in actual) {
+          if ((key.charAt(0) !== '$') && deepCompare(actual[key], expected, comparator, true)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return dontMatchWholeObject ? false : deepCompare(actual, expected, comparator, false);
+      } else if (expectedType === 'object') {
+        for (key in expected) {
+          var expectedVal = expected[key];
+          if (isFunction(expectedVal)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          var matchAnyProperty = key === '$';
+          var actualVal = matchAnyProperty ? actual : actual[key];
+          if (!deepCompare(actualVal, expectedVal, comparator, matchAnyProperty, matchAnyProperty)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        return comparator(actual, expected);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'function':
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return comparator(actual, expected);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name currency
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
+ * symbol for current locale is used.
+ *
+ * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
+ * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
+ * @param {number=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the amount to, defaults to default max fraction size for current locale
+ * @returns {string} Formatted number.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="currencyExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input type="number" ng-model="amount"> <br>
+         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
+         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span id="currency-custom">{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span>
+         no fractions (0): <span id="currency-no-fractions">{{amount | currency:"USD$":0}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,235');
+       });
+       it('should update', function() {
+         if (browser.params.browser == 'safari') {
+           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
+           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
+           return;
+         }
+         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
+         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('($1,234.00)');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-custom')).getText()).toBe('(USD$1,234.00)');
+         expect(element(by.id('currency-no-fractions')).getText()).toBe('(USD$1,234)');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function currencyFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(amount, currencySymbol, fractionSize) {
+    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) {
+      currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
+    }
+
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = formats.PATTERNS[1].maxFrac;
+    }
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (amount == null)
+        ? amount
+        : formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, fractionSize).
+            replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name number
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as text.
+ *
+ * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
+ * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
+ * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
+ * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
+ * @returns {string} Number rounded to decimalPlaces and places a “,” after each third digit.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="numberFilterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         Enter number: <input ng-model='val'><br>
+         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
+         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
+         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format numbers', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
+       });
+
+       it('should update', function() {
+         element(by.model('val')).clear();
+         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
+         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
+         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
+         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
+      });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function numberFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(number, fractionSize) {
+
+    // if null or undefined pass it through
+    return (number == null)
+        ? number
+        : formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
+                       fractionSize);
+  };
+}
+
+var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
+function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
+  if (!isFinite(number) || isObject(number)) return '';
+
+  var isNegative = number < 0;
+  number = Math.abs(number);
+  var numStr = number + '',
+      formatedText = '',
+      parts = [];
+
+  var hasExponent = false;
+  if (numStr.indexOf('e') !== -1) {
+    var match = numStr.match(/([\d\.]+)e(-?)(\d+)/);
+    if (match && match[2] == '-' && match[3] > fractionSize + 1) {
+      number = 0;
+    } else {
+      formatedText = numStr;
+      hasExponent = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasExponent) {
+    var fractionLen = (numStr.split(DECIMAL_SEP)[1] || '').length;
+
+    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = Math.min(Math.max(pattern.minFrac, fractionLen), pattern.maxFrac);
+    }
+
+    // safely round numbers in JS without hitting imprecisions of floating-point arithmetics
+    // inspired by:
+    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/round
+    number = +(Math.round(+(number.toString() + 'e' + fractionSize)).toString() + 'e' + -fractionSize);
+
+    var fraction = ('' + number).split(DECIMAL_SEP);
+    var whole = fraction[0];
+    fraction = fraction[1] || '';
+
+    var i, pos = 0,
+        lgroup = pattern.lgSize,
+        group = pattern.gSize;
+
+    if (whole.length >= (lgroup + group)) {
+      pos = whole.length - lgroup;
+      for (i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
+        if ((pos - i) % group === 0 && i !== 0) {
+          formatedText += groupSep;
+        }
+        formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (i = pos; i < whole.length; i++) {
+      if ((whole.length - i) % lgroup === 0 && i !== 0) {
+        formatedText += groupSep;
+      }
+      formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
+    }
+
+    // format fraction part.
+    while (fraction.length < fractionSize) {
+      fraction += '0';
+    }
+
+    if (fractionSize && fractionSize !== "0") formatedText += decimalSep + fraction.substr(0, fractionSize);
+  } else {
+    if (fractionSize > 0 && number < 1) {
+      formatedText = number.toFixed(fractionSize);
+      number = parseFloat(formatedText);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (number === 0) {
+    isNegative = false;
+  }
+
+  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negPre : pattern.posPre,
+             formatedText,
+             isNegative ? pattern.negSuf : pattern.posSuf);
+  return parts.join('');
+}
+
+function padNumber(num, digits, trim) {
+  var neg = '';
+  if (num < 0) {
+    neg =  '-';
+    num = -num;
+  }
+  num = '' + num;
+  while (num.length < digits) num = '0' + num;
+  if (trim)
+    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
+  return neg + num;
+}
+
+
+function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim) {
+  offset = offset || 0;
+  return function(date) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset)
+      value += offset;
+    if (value === 0 && offset == -12) value = 12;
+    return padNumber(value, size, trim);
+  };
+}
+
+function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm) {
+  return function(date, formats) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    var get = uppercase(shortForm ? ('SHORT' + name) : name);
+
+    return formats[get][value];
+  };
+}
+
+function timeZoneGetter(date) {
+  var zone = -1 * date.getTimezoneOffset();
+  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";
+
+  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
+                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
+
+  return paddedZone;
+}
+
+function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
+    // 0 = index of January
+    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
+    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
+    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
+    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
+}
+
+function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
+    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
+      // 4 = index of Thursday
+      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
+}
+
+function weekGetter(size) {
+   return function(date) {
+      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
+         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);
+
+      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
+         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week
+
+      return padNumber(result, size);
+   };
+}
+
+function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
+}
+
+var DATE_FORMATS = {
+  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4),
+    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true),
+     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1),
+  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
+   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
+    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
+     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
+    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
+     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
+    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
+     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
+    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
+     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
+    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
+     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
+    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
+     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
+     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
+     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
+   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
+  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
+   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
+     a: ampmGetter,
+     Z: timeZoneGetter,
+    ww: weekGetter(2),
+     w: weekGetter(1)
+};
+
+var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMdHhmsaZEw']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|w+))(.*)/,
+    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name date
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
+ *
+ *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
+ *
+ *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
+ *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
+ *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
+ *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
+ *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
+ *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
+ *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
+ *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
+ *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
+ *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
+ *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
+ *   * `'hh'`: Hour in AM/PM, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'h'`: Hour in AM/PM, (1-12)
+ *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
+ *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
+ *   * `'sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
+ *   * `'a'`: AM/PM marker
+ *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
+ *   * `'ww'`: Week of year, padded (00-53). Week 01 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *   * `'w'`: Week of year (0-53). Week 1 is the week with the first Thursday of the year
+ *
+ *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
+ *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
+ *
+ *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
+ *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 PM)
+ *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
+ *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
+ *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 PM)
+ *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 PM)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be escaped by surrounding with single quotes (e.g.
+ *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output a single quote, escape it - i.e., two single quotes in a sequence
+ *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
+ *
+ * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
+ *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sssZ and its
+ *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
+ *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
+ * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
+ *    `mediumDate` is used.
+ * @param {string=} timezone Timezone to be used for formatting. Right now, only `'UTC'` is supported.
+ *    If not specified, the timezone of the browser will be used.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
+           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span>:
+          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma"}}</span><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should format date', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:\"MM/dd/yyyy 'at' h:mma\"")).getText()).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 at \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function dateFilter($locale) {
+
+
+  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
+                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
+  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+    var match;
+    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
+      var date = new Date(0),
+          tzHour = 0,
+          tzMin  = 0,
+          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
+          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
+
+      if (match[9]) {
+        tzHour = int(match[9] + match[10]);
+        tzMin = int(match[9] + match[11]);
+      }
+      dateSetter.call(date, int(match[1]), int(match[2]) - 1, int(match[3]));
+      var h = int(match[4] || 0) - tzHour;
+      var m = int(match[5] || 0) - tzMin;
+      var s = int(match[6] || 0);
+      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7] || 0)) * 1000);
+      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
+      return date;
+    }
+    return string;
+  }
+
+
+  return function(date, format, timezone) {
+    var text = '',
+        parts = [],
+        fn, match;
+
+    format = format || 'mediumDate';
+    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
+    if (isString(date)) {
+      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? int(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
+    }
+
+    if (isNumber(date)) {
+      date = new Date(date);
+    }
+
+    if (!isDate(date)) {
+      return date;
+    }
+
+    while (format) {
+      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
+      if (match) {
+        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
+        format = parts.pop();
+      } else {
+        parts.push(format);
+        format = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (timezone && timezone === 'UTC') {
+      date = new Date(date.getTime());
+      date.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() + date.getTimezoneOffset());
+    }
+    forEach(parts, function(value) {
+      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
+      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS)
+                 : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
+    });
+
+    return text;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name json
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
+ *
+ *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
+ *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
+ *
+ * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
+ * @param {number=} spacing The number of spaces to use per indentation, defaults to 2.
+ * @returns {string} JSON string.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <pre id="default-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
+       <pre id="custom-spacing">{{ {'name':'value'} | json:4 }}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('default-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
+         expect(element(by.id('custom-spacing')).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n    "name": ?"value"\n}/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+function jsonFilter() {
+  return function(object, spacing) {
+    if (isUndefined(spacing)) {
+        spacing = 2;
+    }
+    return toJson(object, spacing);
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name lowercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to lowercase.
+ * @see angular.lowercase
+ */
+var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name uppercase
+ * @kind function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to uppercase.
+ * @see angular.uppercase
+ */
+var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name limitTo
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements
+ * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array, string or number, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`. If a number is used as input, it is
+ * converted to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|string|number} input Source array, string or number to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
+ *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
+ *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
+ *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if input array
+ *     had less than `limit` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="limitToExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
+             $scope.longNumber = 2345432342;
+             $scope.numLimit = 3;
+             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
+             $scope.longNumberLimit = 3;
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         Limit {{numbers}} to: <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="numLimit">
+         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
+         Limit {{letters}} to: <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="letterLimit">
+         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
+         Limit {{longNumber}} to: <input type="number" step="1" ng-model="longNumberLimit">
+         <p>Output long number: {{ longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit }}</p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
+       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
+       var longNumberLimitInput = element(by.model('longNumberLimit'));
+       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
+       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));
+       var limitedLongNumber = element(by.binding('longNumber | limitTo:longNumberLimit'));
+
+       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
+         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(longNumberLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 234');
+       });
+
+       // There is a bug in safari and protractor that doesn't like the minus key
+       // it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
+       //   numLimitInput.clear();
+       //   numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   letterLimitInput.clear();
+       //   letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+       //   longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
+       //   expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
+       //   expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
+       //   expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 342');
+       // });
+
+       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
+         numLimitInput.clear();
+         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         letterLimitInput.clear();
+         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         longNumberLimitInput.clear();
+         longNumberLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
+         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
+         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
+         expect(limitedLongNumber.getText()).toEqual('Output long number: 2345432342');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+*/
+function limitToFilter() {
+  return function(input, limit) {
+    if (isNumber(input)) input = input.toString();
+    if (!isArray(input) && !isString(input)) return input;
+
+    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
+      limit = Number(limit);
+    } else {
+      limit = int(limit);
+    }
+
+    //NaN check on limit
+    if (limit) {
+      return limit > 0 ? input.slice(0, limit) : input.slice(limit);
+    } else {
+      return isString(input) ? "" : [];
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name orderBy
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate. It is ordered alphabetically
+ * for strings and numerically for numbers. Note: if you notice numbers are not being sorted
+ * correctly, make sure they are actually being saved as numbers and not strings.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
+ * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>=} expression A predicate to be
+ *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ *
+ *    Can be one of:
+ *
+ *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
+ *      `<`, `=`, `>` operator.
+ *    - `string`: An Angular expression. The result of this expression is used to compare elements
+ *      (for example `name` to sort by a property called `name` or `name.substr(0, 3)` to sort by
+ *      3 first characters of a property called `name`). The result of a constant expression
+ *      is interpreted as a property name to be used in comparisons (for example `"special name"`
+ *      to sort object by the value of their `special name` property). An expression can be
+ *      optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control ascending or descending sort order
+ *      (for example, `+name` or `-name`). If no property is provided, (e.g. `'+'`) then the array
+ *      element itself is used to compare where sorting.
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
+ *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
+ *
+ *    If the predicate is missing or empty then it defaults to `'+'`.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order of the array.
+ * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="orderByExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.friends =
+                 [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
+                  {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
+                  {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
+                  {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
+                  {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}];
+             $scope.predicate = '-age';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         [ <a href="" ng-click="predicate=''">unsorted</a> ]
+         <table class="friend">
+           <tr>
+             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'name'; reverse=false">Name</a>
+                 (<a href="" ng-click="predicate = '-name'; reverse=false">^</a>)</th>
+             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'phone'; reverse=!reverse">Phone Number</a></th>
+             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'age'; reverse=!reverse">Age</a></th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:predicate:reverse">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ * It's also possible to call the orderBy filter manually, by injecting `$filter`, retrieving the
+ * filter routine with `$filter('orderBy')`, and calling the returned filter routine with the
+ * desired parameters.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="orderByExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <table class="friend">
+          <tr>
+            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=false;order('name', false)">Name</a>
+              (<a href="" ng-click="order('-name',false)">^</a>)</th>
+            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('phone', reverse)">Phone Number</a></th>
+            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('age',reverse)">Age</a></th>
+          </tr>
+          <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
+            <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+            <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+            <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+          </tr>
+        </table>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('orderByExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$filter', function($scope, $filter) {
+          var orderBy = $filter('orderBy');
+          $scope.friends = [
+            { name: 'John',    phone: '555-1212',    age: 10 },
+            { name: 'Mary',    phone: '555-9876',    age: 19 },
+            { name: 'Mike',    phone: '555-4321',    age: 21 },
+            { name: 'Adam',    phone: '555-5678',    age: 35 },
+            { name: 'Julie',   phone: '555-8765',    age: 29 }
+          ];
+          $scope.order = function(predicate, reverse) {
+            $scope.friends = orderBy($scope.friends, predicate, reverse);
+          };
+          $scope.order('-age',false);
+        }]);
+    </file>
+</example>
+ */
+orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
+function orderByFilter($parse) {
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
+    if (!(isArrayLike(array))) return array;
+    sortPredicate = isArray(sortPredicate) ? sortPredicate : [sortPredicate];
+    if (sortPredicate.length === 0) { sortPredicate = ['+']; }
+    sortPredicate = sortPredicate.map(function(predicate) {
+      var descending = false, get = predicate || identity;
+      if (isString(predicate)) {
+        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
+          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-';
+          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
+        }
+        if (predicate === '') {
+          // Effectively no predicate was passed so we compare identity
+          return reverseComparator(compare, descending);
+        }
+        get = $parse(predicate);
+        if (get.constant) {
+          var key = get();
+          return reverseComparator(function(a, b) {
+            return compare(a[key], b[key]);
+          }, descending);
+        }
+      }
+      return reverseComparator(function(a, b) {
+        return compare(get(a),get(b));
+      }, descending);
+    });
+    return slice.call(array).sort(reverseComparator(comparator, reverseOrder));
+
+    function comparator(o1, o2) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < sortPredicate.length; i++) {
+        var comp = sortPredicate[i](o1, o2);
+        if (comp !== 0) return comp;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    function reverseComparator(comp, descending) {
+      return descending
+          ? function(a, b) {return comp(b,a);}
+          : comp;
+    }
+
+    function isPrimitive(value) {
+      switch (typeof value) {
+        case 'number': /* falls through */
+        case 'boolean': /* falls through */
+        case 'string':
+          return true;
+        default:
+          return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function objectToString(value) {
+      if (value === null) return 'null';
+      if (typeof value.valueOf === 'function') {
+        value = value.valueOf();
+        if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+      }
+      if (typeof value.toString === 'function') {
+        value = value.toString();
+        if (isPrimitive(value)) return value;
+      }
+      return '';
+    }
+
+    function compare(v1, v2) {
+      var t1 = typeof v1;
+      var t2 = typeof v2;
+      if (t1 === t2 && t1 === "object") {
+        v1 = objectToString(v1);
+        v2 = objectToString(v2);
+      }
+      if (t1 === t2) {
+        if (t1 === "string") {
+           v1 = v1.toLowerCase();
+           v2 = v2.toLowerCase();
+        }
+        if (v1 === v2) return 0;
+        return v1 < v2 ? -1 : 1;
+      } else {
+        return t1 < t2 ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function ngDirective(directive) {
+  if (isFunction(directive)) {
+    directive = {
+      link: directive
+    };
+  }
+  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
+  return valueFn(directive);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name a
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
+ * the href attribute is empty.
+ *
+ * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
+ * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
+ * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
+ */
+var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref && !attr.name) {
+      return function(scope, element) {
+        // If the linked element is not an anchor tag anymore, do nothing
+        if (element[0].nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'a') return;
+
+        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
+        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
+                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
+        element.on('click', function(event) {
+          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
+          if (!element.attr(href)) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHref
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
+ * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
+ * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
+ * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
+ * and will most likely return a 404 error. The `ngHref` directive
+ * solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The wrong way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}">link1</a>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element A
+ * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
+ * in links and their different behaviors:
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
+        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
+        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
+        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-3')).click();
+
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/123$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
+        });
+
+        xit('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
+          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
+          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
+        });
+
+        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
+          element(by.model('value')).clear();
+          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
+          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);
+
+          element(by.id('link-6')).click();
+
+          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
+          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
+          browser.wait(function() {
+            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              return url.match(/\/6$/);
+            });
+          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrc
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSrcset
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 99
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * ```html
+ * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDisabled
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * We shouldn't do this, because it will make the button enabled on Chrome/Firefox but not on IE8 and older IEs:
+ * ```html
+ * <div ng-init="scope = { isDisabled: false }">
+ *  <button disabled="{{scope.isDisabled}}">Disabled</button>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as disabled. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngDisabled` directive solves this problem for the `disabled` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle button', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "disabled" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChecked
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as checked. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngChecked` directive solves this problem for the `checked` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"><br/>
+        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master">
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('master')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "checked" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngReadonly
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as readonly. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngReadonly` directive solves this problem for the `readonly` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular"/>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('checked')).click();
+          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSelected
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as selected. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngSelected` directive solves this problem for the `selected` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"><br/>
+        <select>
+          <option>Hello!</option>
+          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
+        </select>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
+          element(by.model('selected')).click();
+          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @element OPTION
+ * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngOpen
+ * @restrict A
+ * @priority 100
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as open. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngOpen` directive solves this problem for the `open` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+     <example>
+       <file name="index.html">
+         Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"><br/>
+         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
+            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
+         </details>
+       </file>
+       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should toggle open', function() {
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
+           element(by.model('open')).click();
+           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
+         });
+       </file>
+     </example>
+ *
+ * @element DETAILS
+ * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
+ *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
+
+
+// boolean attrs are evaluated
+forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
+  // binding to multiple is not supported
+  if (propName == "multiple") return;
+
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'A',
+      priority: 100,
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
+          attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// aliased input attrs are evaluated
+forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 100,
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
+        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
+        if (ngAttr === "ngPattern" && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) == "/") {
+          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
+          if (match) {
+            attr.$set("ngPattern", new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
+          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
+forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var propName = attrName,
+            name = attrName;
+
+        if (attrName === 'href' &&
+            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
+          name = 'xlinkHref';
+          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
+          propName = null;
+        }
+
+        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
+          if (!value) {
+            if (attrName === 'href') {
+              attr.$set(name, null);
+            }
+            return;
+          }
+
+          attr.$set(name, value);
+
+          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
+          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
+          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
+          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
+          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+/* global -nullFormCtrl, -SUBMITTED_CLASS, addSetValidityMethod: true
+ */
+var nullFormCtrl = {
+  $addControl: noop,
+  $$renameControl: nullFormRenameControl,
+  $removeControl: noop,
+  $setValidity: noop,
+  $setDirty: noop,
+  $setPristine: noop,
+  $setSubmitted: noop
+},
+SUBMITTED_CLASS = 'ng-submitted';
+
+function nullFormRenameControl(control, name) {
+  control.$name = name;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name form.FormController
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
+ * @property {boolean} $submitted True if user has submitted the form even if its invalid.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to controls or
+ *  forms with failing validators, where:
+ *
+ *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that have a failing validator for given error name.
+ *
+ *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ *
+ *  - `email`
+ *  - `max`
+ *  - `maxlength`
+ *  - `min`
+ *  - `minlength`
+ *  - `number`
+ *  - `pattern`
+ *  - `required`
+ *  - `url`
+ *  - `date`
+ *  - `datetimelocal`
+ *  - `time`
+ *  - `week`
+ *  - `month`
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
+ * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
+ *
+ * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
+ * of `FormController`.
+ *
+ */
+//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate', '$interpolate'];
+function FormController(element, attrs, $scope, $animate, $interpolate) {
+  var form = this,
+      controls = [];
+
+  var parentForm = form.$$parentForm = element.parent().controller('form') || nullFormCtrl;
+
+  // init state
+  form.$error = {};
+  form.$$success = {};
+  form.$pending = undefined;
+  form.$name = $interpolate(attrs.name || attrs.ngForm || '')($scope);
+  form.$dirty = false;
+  form.$pristine = true;
+  form.$valid = true;
+  form.$invalid = false;
+  form.$submitted = false;
+
+  parentForm.$addControl(form);
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
+   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
+   */
+  form.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$rollbackViewValue();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  form.$commitViewValue = function() {
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$commitViewValue();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a control with the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are linked.
+   */
+  form.$addControl = function(control) {
+    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
+    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
+    controls.push(control);
+
+    if (control.$name) {
+      form[control.$name] = control;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Private API: rename a form control
+  form.$$renameControl = function(control, newName) {
+    var oldName = control.$name;
+
+    if (form[oldName] === control) {
+      delete form[oldName];
+    }
+    form[newName] = control;
+    control.$name = newName;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Deregister a control from the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
+   */
+  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
+    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
+      delete form[control.$name];
+    }
+    forEach(form.$pending, function(value, name) {
+      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    });
+    forEach(form.$error, function(value, name) {
+      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    });
+    forEach(form.$$success, function(value, name) {
+      form.$setValidity(name, null, control);
+    });
+
+    arrayRemove(controls, control);
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the validity of a form control.
+   *
+   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  addSetValidityMethod({
+    ctrl: this,
+    $element: element,
+    set: function(object, property, controller) {
+      var list = object[property];
+      if (!list) {
+        object[property] = [controller];
+      } else {
+        var index = list.indexOf(controller);
+        if (index === -1) {
+          list.push(controller);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    unset: function(object, property, controller) {
+      var list = object[property];
+      if (!list) {
+        return;
+      }
+      arrayRemove(list, controller);
+      if (list.length === 0) {
+        delete object[property];
+      }
+    },
+    parentForm: parentForm,
+    $animate: $animate
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
+   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  form.$setDirty = function() {
+    $animate.removeClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    $animate.addClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    form.$dirty = true;
+    form.$pristine = false;
+    parentForm.$setDirty();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
+   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
+   * in this form.
+   *
+   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
+   * saving or resetting it.
+   */
+  form.$setPristine = function() {
+    $animate.setClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS, DIRTY_CLASS + ' ' + SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    form.$dirty = false;
+    form.$pristine = true;
+    form.$submitted = false;
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setPristine();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the form controls to their
+   * untouched state (ng-untouched class).
+   *
+   * Setting a form controls back to their untouched state is often useful when setting the form
+   * back to its pristine state.
+   */
+  form.$setUntouched = function() {
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setUntouched();
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name form.FormController#$setSubmitted
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its submitted state.
+   */
+  form.$setSubmitted = function() {
+    $animate.addClass(element, SUBMITTED_CLASS);
+    form.$submitted = true;
+    parentForm.$setSubmitted();
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngForm
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
+ * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
+ * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
+ *
+ * Note: the purpose of `ngForm` is to group controls,
+ * but not to be a replacement for the `<form>` tag with all of its capabilities
+ * (e.g. posting to the server, ...).
+ *
+ * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ *
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name form
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that instantiates
+ * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
+ *
+ * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
+ * this name.
+ *
+ * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
+ *
+ * In Angular forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
+ * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
+ * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive which behaves identically to
+ * `<form>` but can be nested.  This allows you to have nested forms, which is very useful when
+ * using Angular validation directives in forms that are dynamically generated using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`} directive. Since you cannot dynamically generate the `name`
+ * attribute of input elements using interpolation, you have to wrap each set of repeated inputs in an
+ * `ngForm` directive and nest these in an outer `form` element.
+ *
+ *
+ * # CSS classes
+ *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
+ *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
+ *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
+ *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
+ *  - `ng-submitted` is set if the form was submitted.
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
+ *
+ * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
+ * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
+ * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
+ * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
+ *
+ * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
+ * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
+ * a form is submitted:
+ *
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
+  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
+ *
+ * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
+ * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
+ * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
+ *
+ * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
+ * (`ngSubmit`)
+ * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
+ * doesn't trigger submit
+ * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
+ * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
+ * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
+ *
+ * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
+ * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * ## Animation Hooks
+ *
+ * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
+ * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
+ * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
+ * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
+ * as JS animations.
+ *
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-form {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-form.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('formExample', [])
+           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.userType = 'guest';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+        .my-form {
+          -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
+          transition:all linear 0.5s;
+          background: transparent;
+        }
+        .my-form.ng-invalid {
+          background: red;
+        }
+       </style>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
+         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
+         <tt>userType = {{userType}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));
+
+          userInput.clear();
+          userInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ */
+var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
+  return ['$timeout', function($timeout) {
+    var formDirective = {
+      name: 'form',
+      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
+      controller: FormController,
+      compile: function ngFormCompile(formElement) {
+        // Setup initial state of the control
+        formElement.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+        return {
+          pre: function ngFormPreLink(scope, formElement, attr, controller) {
+            // if `action` attr is not present on the form, prevent the default action (submission)
+            if (!('action' in attr)) {
+              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
+              // action is not prevented. see #1238
+              //
+              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
+              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
+              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
+              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
+                scope.$apply(function() {
+                  controller.$commitViewValue();
+                  controller.$setSubmitted();
+                });
+
+                event.preventDefault();
+              };
+
+              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
+
+              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
+              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
+                }, 0, false);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var parentFormCtrl = controller.$$parentForm,
+                alias = controller.$name;
+
+            if (alias) {
+              setter(scope, null, alias, controller, alias);
+              attr.$observe(attr.name ? 'name' : 'ngForm', function(newValue) {
+                if (alias === newValue) return;
+                setter(scope, null, alias, undefined, alias);
+                alias = newValue;
+                setter(scope, null, alias, controller, alias);
+                parentFormCtrl.$$renameControl(controller, alias);
+              });
+            }
+            formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+              parentFormCtrl.$removeControl(controller);
+              if (alias) {
+                setter(scope, null, alias, undefined, alias);
+              }
+              extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
+            });
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+    return formDirective;
+  }];
+};
+
+var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
+var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
+
+/* global VALID_CLASS: false,
+  INVALID_CLASS: false,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: false,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: false,
+  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: false,
+  TOUCHED_CLASS: false,
+  $ngModelMinErr: false,
+*/
+
+// Regex code is obtained from SO: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3143070/javascript-regex-iso-datetime#answer-3143231
+var ISO_DATE_REGEXP = /\d{4}-[01]\d-[0-3]\dT[0-2]\d:[0-5]\d:[0-5]\d\.\d+([+-][0-2]\d:[0-5]\d|Z)/;
+var URL_REGEXP = /^(ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(\/|\/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-\/]))?$/;
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~.-]+@[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?)*$/i;
+var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))\s*$/;
+var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
+var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-W(\d\d)$/;
+var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)$/;
+var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)(?::(\d\d)(\.\d{1,3})?)?$/;
+
+var inputType = {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[text]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding, inherited by most of the `input` elements.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression is a string then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it in `^` and `$`
+   *    characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+   *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+   *    input.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 text: 'guest',
+                 word: /^\s*\w*\s*$/
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           Single word: <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="example.text"
+                               ng-pattern="example.word" required ng-trim="false">
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+             Required!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
+             Single word only!</span>
+
+           <tt>text = {{example.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('example.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('hello world');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'text': textInputType,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc input
+     * @name input[date]
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
+     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
+     * expected input format via a placeholder or label.
+     *
+     * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+     * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+     *
+     * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+     *
+     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+     * valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd).
+     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+     * a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd).
+     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+     * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+     *    interaction with the input element.
+     *
+     * @example
+     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
+            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.example = {
+                value: new Date(2013, 9, 22)
+              };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+          Pick a date in 2013:
+          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+              Required!</span>
+          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
+              Not a valid date!</span>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+       </form>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
+        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+        var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+        function setInput(val) {
+          // set the value of the element and force validation.
+          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+          browser.executeScript(scr);
+        }
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          setInput('');
+          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+          setInput('2015-01-01');
+          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+        });
+     </file>
+     </example>
+     */
+  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
+         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
+         'yyyy-MM-dd'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[datetime-local]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57:00`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+    * valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss).
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+    * a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss).
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('dateExample', [])
+          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.example = {
+              value: new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57)
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        Pick a date between in 2013:
+        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss" min="2001-01-01T00:00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00:00" required />
+        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
+            Not a valid date!</span>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[time]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * local time format (HH:mm:ss), for example: `14:57:00`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
+   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1970, or local date `new Date(1970, 0, 1, HH, mm, ss)`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+   * valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss).
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be a
+   * valid ISO time format (HH:mm:ss).
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('timeExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(1970, 0, 1, 14, 57, 0)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        Pick a between 8am and 5pm:
+        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="HH:mm:ss" min="08:00:00" max="17:00:00" required />
+        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
+            Not a valid date!</span>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "HH:mm:ss"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57:00');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('23:59:00');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
+      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm', 'ss', 'sss']),
+     'HH:mm:ss.sss'),
+
+   /**
+    * @ngdoc input
+    * @name input[week]
+    *
+    * @description
+    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
+    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`.
+    *
+    * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+    * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+    *
+    * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+    * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+    *
+    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
+    * valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##).
+    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
+    * a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##).
+    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+    *    interaction with the input element.
+    *
+    * @example
+    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+      angular.module('weekExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 0, 3)
+          };
+        }]);
+      </script>
+      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+        Pick a date between in 2013:
+        <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+            placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32" max="2013-W52" required />
+        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+            Required!</span>
+        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
+            Not a valid date!</span>
+        <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-W01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+    </file>
+    </example>
+    */
+  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[month]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
+   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
+   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a Date object, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+   * Invalid `Date` objects (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) will be rendered as an empty string.
+   * If the model is not set to the first of the month, the next view to model update will set it
+   * to the first of the month.
+   *
+   * The timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model can be defined using
+   * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}. By default, this is the timezone of the browser.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be
+   * a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM).
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must
+   * be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM).
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+      angular.module('monthExample', [])
+        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.example = {
+            value: new Date(2013, 9, 1)
+          };
+        }]);
+     </script>
+     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
+       Pick a month in 2013:
+       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
+       <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+          Required!</span>
+       <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
+          Not a valid month!</span>
+       <tt>value = {{example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+     </form>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var value = element(by.binding('example.value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
+      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+      var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
+      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
+      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
+      function setInput(val) {
+        // set the value of the element and force validation.
+        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
+        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
+        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
+        browser.executeScript(scr);
+      }
+
+      it('should initialize to model', function() {
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+        setInput('');
+        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+
+      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+        setInput('2015-01');
+        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
+        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
+      });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+   */
+  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
+     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
+     'yyyy-MM'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[number]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
+   * error if not a valid number.
+   *
+   * The model must always be a number, otherwise Angular will throw an error.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression is a string then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it in `^` and `$`
+   *    characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('numberExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.example = {
+                 value: 12
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           Number: <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="example.value"
+                          min="0" max="99" required>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+             Required!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
+             Not valid number!</span>
+           <tt>value = {{example.value}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var value = element(by.binding('example.value'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('example.value'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('123');
+            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'number': numberInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[url]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
+   * valid URL.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[url]` uses a regex to validate urls that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation, you can use `ng-pattern` or modify
+   * the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression is a string then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it in `^` and `$`
+   *    characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('urlExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.url = {
+                 text: 'http://google.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           URL: <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="url.text" required>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+             Required!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
+             Not valid url!</span>
+           <tt>text = {{url.text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('url.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('url.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('box');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'url': urlInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[email]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
+   * address.
+   *
+   * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+   * **Note:** `input[email]` uses a regex to validate email addresses that is derived from the regex
+   * used in Chromium. If you need stricter validation (e.g. requiring a top-level domain), you can
+   * use `ng-pattern` or modify the built-in validators (see the {@link guide/forms Forms guide})
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of
+   *    any length.
+   * @param {string=} pattern Similar to `ngPattern` except that the attribute value is the actual string
+   *    that contains the regular expression body that will be converted to a regular expression
+   *    as in the ngPattern directive.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the ngModel value does not match
+   *    a RegExp found by evaluating the Angular expression given in the attribute value.
+   *    If the expression evaluates to a RegExp object then this is used directly.
+   *    If the expression is a string then it will be converted to a RegExp after wrapping it in `^` and `$`
+   *    characters. For instance, `"abc"` will be converted to `new RegExp('^abc$')`.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('emailExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.email = {
+                 text: 'me@example.com'
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+             Email: <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="email.text" required>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
+               Not valid email!</span>
+             <tt>text = {{email.text}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
+           </form>
+         </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var text = element(by.binding('email.text'));
+          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
+          var input = element(by.model('email.text'));
+
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('');
+            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
+            input.clear();
+            input.sendKeys('xxx');
+
+            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'email': emailInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[radio]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML radio button.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string} value The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {string} ngValue Angular expression which sets the value to which the expression should
+   *    be set when selected.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('radioExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.color = {
+                 name: 'blue'
+               };
+               $scope.specialValue = {
+                 "id": "12345",
+                 "value": "green"
+               };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="red">  Red <br/>
+           <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" ng-value="specialValue"> Green <br/>
+           <input type="radio" ng-model="color.name" value="blue"> Blue <br/>
+           <tt>color = {{color.name | json}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var color = element(by.binding('color.name'));
+
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');
+
+            element.all(by.model('color.name')).get(0).click();
+
+            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'radio': radioInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc input
+   * @name input[checkbox]
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML checkbox.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
+        <file name="index.html">
+         <script>
+           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
+             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+               $scope.checkboxModel = {
+                value1 : true,
+                value2 : 'YES'
+              };
+             }]);
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+           Value1: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value1"> <br/>
+           Value2: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checkboxModel.value2"
+                          ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'"> <br/>
+           <tt>value1 = {{checkboxModel.value1}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>value2 = {{checkboxModel.value2}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            var value1 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value1'));
+            var value2 = element(by.binding('checkboxModel.value2'));
+
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');
+
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value1')).click();
+            element(by.model('checkboxModel.value2')).click();
+
+            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
+            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+   */
+  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
+
+  'hidden': noop,
+  'button': noop,
+  'submit': noop,
+  'reset': noop,
+  'file': noop
+};
+
+function stringBasedInputType(ctrl) {
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? value : value.toString();
+  });
+}
+
+function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+}
+
+function baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  var type = lowercase(element[0].type);
+
+  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
+  // hold the listener until composition is done.
+  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
+  if (!$sniffer.android) {
+    var composing = false;
+
+    element.on('compositionstart', function(data) {
+      composing = true;
+    });
+
+    element.on('compositionend', function() {
+      composing = false;
+      listener();
+    });
+  }
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (timeout) {
+      $browser.defer.cancel(timeout);
+      timeout = null;
+    }
+    if (composing) return;
+    var value = element.val(),
+        event = ev && ev.type;
+
+    // By default we will trim the value
+    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
+    // If input type is 'password', the value is never trimmed
+    if (type !== 'password' && (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false')) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
+
+    // If a control is suffering from bad input (due to native validators), browsers discard its
+    // value, so it may be necessary to revalidate (by calling $setViewValue again) even if the
+    // control's value is the same empty value twice in a row.
+    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event);
+    }
+  };
+
+  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
+  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
+  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
+    element.on('input', listener);
+  } else {
+    var timeout;
+
+    var deferListener = function(ev, input, origValue) {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          timeout = null;
+          if (!input || input.value !== origValue) {
+            listener(ev);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
+      var key = event.keyCode;
+
+      // ignore
+      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
+      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
+
+      deferListener(event, this, this.value);
+    });
+
+    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
+    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
+      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
+  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
+  element.on('change', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element.val(ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
+}
+
+function weekParser(isoWeek, existingDate) {
+  if (isDate(isoWeek)) {
+    return isoWeek;
+  }
+
+  if (isString(isoWeek)) {
+    WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
+    var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
+    if (parts) {
+      var year = +parts[1],
+          week = +parts[2],
+          hours = 0,
+          minutes = 0,
+          seconds = 0,
+          milliseconds = 0,
+          firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
+          addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
+
+      if (existingDate) {
+        hours = existingDate.getHours();
+        minutes = existingDate.getMinutes();
+        seconds = existingDate.getSeconds();
+        milliseconds = existingDate.getMilliseconds();
+      }
+
+      return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NaN;
+}
+
+function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
+  return function(iso, date) {
+    var parts, map;
+
+    if (isDate(iso)) {
+      return iso;
+    }
+
+    if (isString(iso)) {
+      // When a date is JSON'ified to wraps itself inside of an extra
+      // set of double quotes. This makes the date parsing code unable
+      // to match the date string and parse it as a date.
+      if (iso.charAt(0) == '"' && iso.charAt(iso.length - 1) == '"') {
+        iso = iso.substring(1, iso.length - 1);
+      }
+      if (ISO_DATE_REGEXP.test(iso)) {
+        return new Date(iso);
+      }
+      regexp.lastIndex = 0;
+      parts = regexp.exec(iso);
+
+      if (parts) {
+        parts.shift();
+        if (date) {
+          map = {
+            yyyy: date.getFullYear(),
+            MM: date.getMonth() + 1,
+            dd: date.getDate(),
+            HH: date.getHours(),
+            mm: date.getMinutes(),
+            ss: date.getSeconds(),
+            sss: date.getMilliseconds() / 1000
+          };
+        } else {
+          map = { yyyy: 1970, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0, ss: 0, sss: 0 };
+        }
+
+        forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
+          if (index < mapping.length) {
+            map[mapping[index]] = +part;
+          }
+        });
+        return new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm, map.ss || 0, map.sss * 1000 || 0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return NaN;
+  };
+}
+
+function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
+  return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter) {
+    badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
+    baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+    var timezone = ctrl && ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.timezone;
+    var previousDate;
+
+    ctrl.$$parserName = type;
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) return null;
+      if (regexp.test(value)) {
+        // Note: We cannot read ctrl.$modelValue, as there might be a different
+        // parser/formatter in the processing chain so that the model
+        // contains some different data format!
+        var parsedDate = parseDate(value, previousDate);
+        if (timezone === 'UTC') {
+          parsedDate.setMinutes(parsedDate.getMinutes() - parsedDate.getTimezoneOffset());
+        }
+        return parsedDate;
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    });
+
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+      if (value && !isDate(value)) {
+        throw $ngModelMinErr('datefmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a date', value);
+      }
+      if (isValidDate(value)) {
+        previousDate = value;
+        if (previousDate && timezone === 'UTC') {
+          var timezoneOffset = 60000 * previousDate.getTimezoneOffset();
+          previousDate = new Date(previousDate.getTime() + timezoneOffset);
+        }
+        return $filter('date')(value, format, timezone);
+      } else {
+        previousDate = null;
+        return '';
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (isDefined(attr.min) || attr.ngMin) {
+      var minVal;
+      ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || parseDate(value) >= minVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+        minVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (isDefined(attr.max) || attr.ngMax) {
+      var maxVal;
+      ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+        return !isValidDate(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || parseDate(value) <= maxVal;
+      };
+      attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+        maxVal = parseObservedDateValue(val);
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+    }
+
+    function isValidDate(value) {
+      // Invalid Date: getTime() returns NaN
+      return value && !(value.getTime && value.getTime() !== value.getTime());
+    }
+
+    function parseObservedDateValue(val) {
+      return isDefined(val) ? (isDate(val) ? val : parseDate(val)) : undefined;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  var node = element[0];
+  var nativeValidation = ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = isObject(node.validity);
+  if (nativeValidation) {
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+      var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY) || {};
+      // Detect bug in FF35 for input[email] (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1064430):
+      // - also sets validity.badInput (should only be validity.typeMismatch).
+      // - see http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)
+      // - can ignore this case as we can still read out the erroneous email...
+      return validity.badInput && !validity.typeMismatch ? undefined : value;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  badInputChecker(scope, element, attr, ctrl);
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  ctrl.$$parserName = 'number';
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value))      return null;
+    if (NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) return parseFloat(value);
+    return undefined;
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
+      if (!isNumber(value)) {
+        throw $ngModelMinErr('numfmt', 'Expected `{0}` to be a number', value);
+      }
+      value = value.toString();
+    }
+    return value;
+  });
+
+  if (attr.min || attr.ngMin) {
+    var minVal;
+    ctrl.$validators.min = function(value) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(minVal) || value >= minVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('min', function(val) {
+      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+        val = parseFloat(val, 10);
+      }
+      minVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (attr.max || attr.ngMax) {
+    var maxVal;
+    ctrl.$validators.max = function(value) {
+      return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(maxVal) || value <= maxVal;
+    };
+
+    attr.$observe('max', function(val) {
+      if (isDefined(val) && !isNumber(val)) {
+        val = parseFloat(val, 10);
+      }
+      maxVal = isNumber(val) && !isNaN(val) ? val : undefined;
+      // TODO(matsko): implement validateLater to reduce number of validations
+      ctrl.$validate();
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+
+  ctrl.$$parserName = 'url';
+  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
+
+function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // Note: no badInputChecker here by purpose as `url` is only a validation
+  // in browsers, i.e. we can always read out input.value even if it is not valid!
+  baseInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+  stringBasedInputType(ctrl);
+
+  ctrl.$$parserName = 'email';
+  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
+  };
+}
+
+function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  // make the name unique, if not defined
+  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
+    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+  }
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    if (element[0].checked) {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value, ev && ev.type);
+    }
+  };
+
+  element.on('click', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    var value = attr.value;
+    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
+
+  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+}
+
+function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
+  var parseFn;
+  if (isDefined(expression)) {
+    parseFn = $parse(expression);
+    if (!parseFn.constant) {
+      throw minErr('ngModel')('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
+                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
+    }
+    return parseFn(context);
+  }
+  return fallback;
+}
+
+function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
+  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
+  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);
+
+  var listener = function(ev) {
+    ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
+  };
+
+  element.on('click', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
+  };
+
+  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because the $viewValue of an empty checkbox is always set to `false`
+  // This is because of the parser below, which compares the `$modelValue` with `trueValue` to convert
+  // it to a boolean.
+  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return value === false;
+  };
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return equals(value, trueValue);
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
+  });
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name textarea
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
+ * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
+ * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+ *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+ *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name input
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML input element control. When used together with {@link ngModel `ngModel`}, it provides data-binding,
+ * input state control, and validation.
+ * Input control follows HTML5 input types and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Not every feature offered is available for all input types.
+ * Specifically, data binding and event handling via `ng-model` is unsupported for `input[file]`.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength. Setting the attribute to a negative or non-numeric value, allows view values of any
+ *    length.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+ *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+ *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+ *    This parameter is ignored for input[type=password] controls, which will never trim the
+ *    input.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('inputExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
+            }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="myForm">
+           User name: <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
+             Required!</span><br>
+           Last name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
+             ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
+             Too short!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
+             Too long!</span><br>
+         </form>
+         <hr>
+         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br>
+       </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var user = element(by.exactBinding('user'));
+        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
+        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
+        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
+        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
+        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
+          userNameInput.clear();
+          userNameInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
+          userLastInput.clear();
+          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');
+
+          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
+          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
+    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['?ngModel'],
+    link: {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+        if (ctrls[0]) {
+          (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
+                                                              $browser, $filter, $parse);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+
+var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngValue
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Binds the given expression to the value of `<option>` or {@link input[radio] `input[radio]`},
+ * so that when the element is selected, the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} of that element is set to
+ * the bound value.
+ *
+ * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using
+ * {@link ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as shown below.
+ *
+ * Likewise, `ngValue` can be used to generate `<option>` elements for
+ * the {@link select `select`} element. In that case however, only strings are supported
+ * for the `value `attribute, so the resulting `ngModel` will always be a string.
+ * Support for `select` models with non-string values is available via `ngOptions`.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
+ *   of the `input` element
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+          angular.module('valueExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
+              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
+            }]);
+       </script>
+        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
+            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
+              {{name}}
+              <input type="radio"
+                     ng-model="my.favorite"
+                     ng-value="name"
+                     id="{{name}}"
+                     name="favorite">
+            </label>
+          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
+        </form>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));
+
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
+        });
+        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
+          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
+          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngValueDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
+      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
+        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
+        };
+      } else {
+        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
+            attr.$set('value', value);
+          });
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBind
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
+ * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
+ * expression changes.
+ *
+ * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
+ * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
+ *
+ * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` if a template is momentarily
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
+ * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
+ *
+ * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
+   <example module="bindExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.name = 'Whirled';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
+         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+
+         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
+         nameInput.clear();
+         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
+         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindDirective = ['$compile', function($compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'AC',
+    compile: function ngBindCompile(templateElement) {
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
+      return function ngBindLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBind);
+        element = element[0];
+        scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
+          element.textContent = value === undefined ? '' : value;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBindTemplate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
+ * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
+ * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
+ * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
+ * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
+ * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
+ *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
+   <example module="bindExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('bindExample', [])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
+             $scope.name = 'World';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"><br>
+        Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
+        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
+         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
+         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));
+
+         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');
+
+         salutationInput.clear();
+         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
+         nameInput.clear();
+         nameInput.sendKeys('user');
+
+         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', '$compile', function($interpolate, $compile) {
+  return {
+    compile: function ngBindTemplateCompile(templateElement) {
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(templateElement);
+      return function ngBindTemplateLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, interpolateFn.expressions);
+        element = element[0];
+        attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
+          element.textContent = value === undefined ? '' : value;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBindHtml
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluates the expression and inserts the resulting HTML into the element in a secure way. By default,
+ * the resulting HTML content will be sanitized using the {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.
+ * To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize` is available, for example, by including {@link
+ * ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in core Angular). In order to use {@link ngSanitize}
+ * in your module's dependencies, you need to include "angular-sanitize.js" in your application.
+ *
+ * You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
+ * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
+ * under {@link ng.$sce#show-me-an-example-using-sce- Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
+ * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+
+   <example module="bindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('bindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.myHTML =
+              'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with ' +
+              '<a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
+         }]);
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
+             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', '$compile', function($sce, $parse, $compile) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    compile: function ngBindHtmlCompile(tElement, tAttrs) {
+      var ngBindHtmlGetter = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml);
+      var ngBindHtmlWatch = $parse(tAttrs.ngBindHtml, function getStringValue(value) {
+        return (value || '').toString();
+      });
+      $compile.$$addBindingClass(tElement);
+
+      return function ngBindHtmlLink(scope, element, attr) {
+        $compile.$$addBindingInfo(element, attr.ngBindHtml);
+
+        scope.$watch(ngBindHtmlWatch, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction() {
+          // we re-evaluate the expr because we want a TrustedValueHolderType
+          // for $sce, not a string
+          element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngBindHtmlGetter(scope)) || '');
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngChange
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
+ * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
+ * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
+ * form element or presses the return key).
+ *
+ * The `ngChange` expression is only evaluated when a change in the input value causes
+ * a new value to be committed to the model.
+ *
+ * It will not be evaluated:
+ * * if the value returned from the `$parsers` transformation pipeline has not changed
+ * * if the input has continued to be invalid since the model will stay `null`
+ * * if the model is changed programmatically and not by a change to the input value
+ *
+ *
+ * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
+ * in input value.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngChange-directive" module="changeExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *     <script>
+ *       angular.module('changeExample', [])
+ *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *           $scope.counter = 0;
+ *           $scope.change = function() {
+ *             $scope.counter++;
+ *           };
+ *         }]);
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
+ *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
+ *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
+ *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
+ *     </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
+ *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
+ *
+ *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
+ *
+ *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
+ *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
+ *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();
+
+ *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
+ *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'A',
+  require: 'ngModel',
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
+      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+function classDirective(name, selector) {
+  name = 'ngClass' + name;
+  return ['$animate', function($animate) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'AC',
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var oldVal;
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);
+
+        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
+          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+        });
+
+
+        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
+          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
+            // jshint bitwise: false
+            var mod = $index & 1;
+            if (mod !== (old$index & 1)) {
+              var classes = arrayClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+              mod === selector ?
+                addClasses(classes) :
+                removeClasses(classes);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        function addClasses(classes) {
+          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, 1);
+          attr.$addClass(newClasses);
+        }
+
+        function removeClasses(classes) {
+          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, -1);
+          attr.$removeClass(newClasses);
+        }
+
+        function digestClassCounts(classes, count) {
+          var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts') || {};
+          var classesToUpdate = [];
+          forEach(classes, function(className) {
+            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
+              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
+              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
+                classesToUpdate.push(className);
+              }
+            }
+          });
+          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
+          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
+        }
+
+        function updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses) {
+          var toAdd = arrayDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
+          var toRemove = arrayDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
+          toAdd = digestClassCounts(toAdd, 1);
+          toRemove = digestClassCounts(toRemove, -1);
+          if (toAdd && toAdd.length) {
+            $animate.addClass(element, toAdd);
+          }
+          if (toRemove && toRemove.length) {
+            $animate.removeClass(element, toRemove);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
+          if (selector === true || scope.$index % 2 === selector) {
+            var newClasses = arrayClasses(newVal || []);
+            if (!oldVal) {
+              addClasses(newClasses);
+            } else if (!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
+              var oldClasses = arrayClasses(oldVal);
+              updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses);
+            }
+          }
+          oldVal = shallowCopy(newVal);
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
+      var values = [];
+
+      outer:
+      for (var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+        var token = tokens1[i];
+        for (var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+          if (token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+        }
+        values.push(token);
+      }
+      return values;
+    }
+
+    function arrayClasses(classVal) {
+      if (isArray(classVal)) {
+        return classVal;
+      } else if (isString(classVal)) {
+        return classVal.split(' ');
+      } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
+        var classes = [];
+        forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
+          if (v) {
+            classes = classes.concat(k.split(' '));
+          }
+        });
+        return classes;
+      }
+      return classVal;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClass
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
+ * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
+ *
+ * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
+ * evaluates to:
+ *
+ * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
+ * names.
+ *
+ * 2. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should be a string that is
+ * one or more space-delimited class names.
+ *
+ * 3. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
+ * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
+ *
+ * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
+ *
+ * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then the
+ * new classes are added.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * **add** - happens just before the class is applied to the elements
+ *
+ * **remove** - happens just before the class is removed from the element
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
+ *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
+ *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
+ *   element.
+ *
+ * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, red: error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
+       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted"> deleted (apply "strike" class)<br>
+       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important"> important (apply "bold" class)<br>
+       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error"> error (apply "red" class)
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
+       <input type="text" ng-model="style" placeholder="Type: bold strike red">
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
+       <input ng-model="style1" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style2" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style3" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .strike {
+         text-decoration: line-through;
+       }
+       .bold {
+           font-weight: bold;
+       }
+       .red {
+           color: red;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));
+
+       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {
+
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/red/);
+
+         element(by.model('important')).click();
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);
+
+         element(by.model('error')).click();
+         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/red/);
+       });
+
+       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
+         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style')).clear();
+         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
+         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
+       });
+
+       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
+         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
+         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
+         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
+         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
+         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+   ## Animations
+
+   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.
+
+   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
+      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
+      <br>
+      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .base-class {
+         -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+       }
+
+       .base-class.my-class {
+         color: red;
+         font-size:3em;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class', function() {
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();
+
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();
+
+         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+
+   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
+   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
+   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
+   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
+   to view the step by step details of {@link ng.$animate#addClass $animate.addClass} and
+   {@link ng.$animate#removeClass $animate.removeClass}.
+ */
+var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClassOdd
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}}
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClassEven
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
+ *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCloak
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
+ * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
+ *
+ * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
+ * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
+ * of the browser view.
+ *
+ * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
+ * `angular.min.js`.
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
+ *   display: none !important;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
+ * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
+ * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
+ * the compiled element visible.
+ *
+ * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
+ * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
+ * application.
+ *
+ * Legacy browsers, like IE7, do not provide attribute selector support (added in CSS 2.1) so they
+ * cannot match the `[ng\:cloak]` selector. To work around this limitation, you must add the css
+ * class `ng-cloak` in addition to the `ngCloak` directive as shown in the example below.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
+        <div id="template2" ng-cloak class="ng-cloak">{{ 'hello IE7' }}</div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
+         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
+           toBeNull();
+         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
+           toBeNull();
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
+    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngController
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
+ * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
+ *
+ * MVC components in angular:
+ *
+ * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
+ *   are accessed through bindings.
+ * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
+ * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
+ *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
+ *
+ * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
+ * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
+ * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
+ * and executed twice.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 500
+ * @param {expression} ngController Name of a constructor function registered with the current
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider $controllerProvider} or an {@link guide/expression expression}
+ * that on the current scope evaluates to a constructor function.
+ *
+ * The controller instance can be published into a scope property by specifying
+ * `ng-controller="as propertyName"`.
+ *
+ * If the current `$controllerProvider` is configured to use globals (via
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#allowGlobals `$controllerProvider.allowGlobals()` }), this may
+ * also be the name of a globally accessible constructor function (not recommended).
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
+ * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
+ * easily be called from the angular markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
+ * in the View without the need for a manual update.
+ *
+ * Two different declaration styles are included below:
+ *
+ * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
+ * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
+ * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
+ * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
+ *
+ * The second option is more common in the Angular community, and is generally used in boilerplates
+ * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
+ * and avoiding scope.
+ *
+ * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
+ * multiple controllers apply to an element.
+ * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
+ * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
+ * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
+ * inheritance masking primitives.
+ *
+ * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngControllerAs" module="controllerAsExample">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
+ *      Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/>
+ *      [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
+ *      Contact:
+ *      <ul>
+ *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
+ *          <select ng-model="contact.type">
+ *             <option>phone</option>
+ *             <option>email</option>
+ *          </select>
+ *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
+ *          [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
+ *          | <a href="" ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
+ *        </li>
+ *        <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
+ *     </ul>
+ *    </div>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *    angular.module('controllerAsExample', [])
+ *      .controller('SettingsController1', SettingsController1);
+ *
+ *    function SettingsController1() {
+ *      this.name = "John Smith";
+ *      this.contacts = [
+ *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
+ *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'} ];
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
+ *      alert(this.name);
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
+ *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+ *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+ *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
+ *      contact.type = 'phone';
+ *      contact.value = '';
+ *    };
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it('should check controller as', function() {
+ *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
+ *         expect(container.element(by.model('settings.name'))
+ *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
+ *
+ *       var firstRepeat =
+ *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
+ *       var secondRepeat =
+ *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
+ *
+ *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
+ *
+ *       expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
+ *
+ *       firstRepeat.element(by.linkText('clear')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('');
+ *
+ *       container.element(by.linkText('add')).click();
+ *
+ *       expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
+ *           .element(by.model('contact.value'))
+ *           .getAttribute('value'))
+ *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
+ *
+ * <example name="ngController" module="controllerExample">
+ *  <file name="index.html">
+ *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
+ *     Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/>
+ *     [ <a href="" ng-click="greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
+ *     Contact:
+ *     <ul>
+ *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <select ng-model="contact.type">
+ *            <option>phone</option>
+ *            <option>email</option>
+ *         </select>
+ *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
+ *         [ <a href="" ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
+ *         | <a href="" ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
+ *       </li>
+ *       <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
+ *    </ul>
+ *   </div>
+ *  </file>
+ *  <file name="app.js">
+ *   angular.module('controllerExample', [])
+ *     .controller('SettingsController2', ['$scope', SettingsController2]);
+ *
+ *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
+ *     $scope.name = "John Smith";
+ *     $scope.contacts = [
+ *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
+ *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
+ *
+ *     $scope.greet = function() {
+ *       alert($scope.name);
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.addContact = function() {
+ *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+ *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+ *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
+ *       contact.type = 'phone';
+ *       contact.value = '';
+ *     };
+ *   }
+ *  </file>
+ *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *    it('should check controller', function() {
+ *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
+ *
+ *      expect(container.element(by.model('name'))
+ *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
+ *
+ *      var firstRepeat =
+ *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
+ *      var secondRepeat =
+ *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
+ *
+ *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
+ *      expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
+ *
+ *      firstRepeat.element(by.linkText('clear')).click();
+ *
+ *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('');
+ *
+ *      container.element(by.linkText('add')).click();
+ *
+ *      expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
+ *          .element(by.model('contact.value'))
+ *          .getAttribute('value'))
+ *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
+ *    });
+ *  </file>
+ *</example>
+
+ */
+var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    scope: true,
+    controller: '@',
+    priority: 500
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCsp
+ *
+ * @element html
+ * @description
+ * Enables [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) support.
+ *
+ * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions or Universal Windows Apps.
+ *
+ * CSP forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions (among other things).
+ * For Angular to be CSP compatible there are only two things that we need to do differently:
+ *
+ * - don't use `Function` constructor to generate optimized value getters
+ * - don't inject custom stylesheet into the document
+ *
+ * AngularJS uses `Function(string)` generated functions as a speed optimization. Applying the `ngCsp`
+ * directive will cause Angular to use CSP compatibility mode. When this mode is on AngularJS will
+ * evaluate all expressions up to 30% slower than in non-CSP mode, but no security violations will
+ * be raised.
+ *
+ * CSP forbids JavaScript to inline stylesheet rules. In non CSP mode Angular automatically
+ * includes some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak}).
+ * To make those directives work in CSP mode, include the `angular-csp.css` manually.
+ *
+ * Angular tries to autodetect if CSP is active and automatically turn on the CSP-safe mode. This
+ * autodetection however triggers a CSP error to be logged in the console:
+ *
+ * ```
+ * Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of
+ * script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that
+ * 'script-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This error is harmless but annoying. To prevent the error from showing up, put the `ngCsp`
+ * directive on the root element of the application or on the `angular.js` script tag, whichever
+ * appears first in the html document.
+ *
+ * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
+   ```html
+     <!doctype html>
+     <html ng-app ng-csp>
+     ...
+     ...
+     </html>
+   ```
+  * @example
+      // Note: the suffix `.csp` in the example name triggers
+      // csp mode in our http server!
+      <example name="example.csp" module="cspExample" ng-csp="true">
+        <file name="index.html">
+          <div ng-controller="MainController as ctrl">
+            <div>
+              <button ng-click="ctrl.inc()" id="inc">Increment</button>
+              <span id="counter">
+                {{ctrl.counter}}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+
+            <div>
+              <button ng-click="ctrl.evil()" id="evil">Evil</button>
+              <span id="evilError">
+                {{ctrl.evilError}}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        </file>
+        <file name="script.js">
+           angular.module('cspExample', [])
+             .controller('MainController', function() {
+                this.counter = 0;
+                this.inc = function() {
+                  this.counter++;
+                };
+                this.evil = function() {
+                  // jshint evil:true
+                  try {
+                    eval('1+2');
+                  } catch (e) {
+                    this.evilError = e.message;
+                  }
+                };
+              });
+        </file>
+        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+          var util, webdriver;
+
+          var incBtn = element(by.id('inc'));
+          var counter = element(by.id('counter'));
+          var evilBtn = element(by.id('evil'));
+          var evilError = element(by.id('evilError'));
+
+          function getAndClearSevereErrors() {
+            return browser.manage().logs().get('browser').then(function(browserLog) {
+              return browserLog.filter(function(logEntry) {
+                return logEntry.level.value > webdriver.logging.Level.WARNING.value;
+              });
+            });
+          }
+
+          function clearErrors() {
+            getAndClearSevereErrors();
+          }
+
+          function expectNoErrors() {
+            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
+              expect(filteredLog.length).toEqual(0);
+              if (filteredLog.length) {
+                console.log('browser console errors: ' + util.inspect(filteredLog));
+              }
+            });
+          }
+
+          function expectError(regex) {
+            getAndClearSevereErrors().then(function(filteredLog) {
+              var found = false;
+              filteredLog.forEach(function(log) {
+                if (log.message.match(regex)) {
+                  found = true;
+                }
+              });
+              if (!found) {
+                throw new Error('expected an error that matches ' + regex);
+              }
+            });
+          }
+
+          beforeEach(function() {
+            util = require('util');
+            webdriver = require('protractor/node_modules/selenium-webdriver');
+          });
+
+          // For now, we only test on Chrome,
+          // as Safari does not load the page with Protractor's injected scripts,
+          // and Firefox webdriver always disables content security policy (#6358)
+          if (browser.params.browser !== 'chrome') {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          it('should not report errors when the page is loaded', function() {
+            // clear errors so we are not dependent on previous tests
+            clearErrors();
+            // Need to reload the page as the page is already loaded when
+            // we come here
+            browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
+              browser.get(url);
+            });
+            expectNoErrors();
+          });
+
+          it('should evaluate expressions', function() {
+            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('0');
+            incBtn.click();
+            expect(counter.getText()).toEqual('1');
+            expectNoErrors();
+          });
+
+          it('should throw and report an error when using "eval"', function() {
+            evilBtn.click();
+            expect(evilError.getText()).toMatch(/Content Security Policy/);
+            expectError(/Content Security Policy/);
+          });
+        </file>
+      </example>
+  */
+
+// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we
+// bootstrap the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have
+// the csp.isActive() fn that looks for ng-csp attribute anywhere in the current doc
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngClick
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
+ * an element is clicked.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment
+      </button>
+      <span>
+        count: {{count}}
+      </span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-click', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
+         element(by.css('button')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+/*
+ * A collection of directives that allows creation of custom event handlers that are defined as
+ * angular expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
+ */
+var ngEventDirectives = {};
+
+// For events that might fire synchronously during DOM manipulation
+// we need to execute their event handlers asynchronously using $evalAsync,
+// so that they are not executed in an inconsistent state.
+var forceAsyncEvents = {
+  'blur': true,
+  'focus': true
+};
+forEach(
+  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
+  function(eventName) {
+    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + eventName);
+    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', '$rootScope', function($parse, $rootScope) {
+      return {
+        restrict: 'A',
+        compile: function($element, attr) {
+          // We expose the powerful $event object on the scope that provides access to the Window,
+          // etc. that isn't protected by the fast paths in $parse.  We explicitly request better
+          // checks at the cost of speed since event handler expressions are not executed as
+          // frequently as regular change detection.
+          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName], /* interceptorFn */ null, /* expensiveChecks */ true);
+          return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
+            element.on(eventName, function(event) {
+              var callback = function() {
+                fn(scope, {$event:event});
+              };
+              if (forceAsyncEvents[eventName] && $rootScope.$$phase) {
+                scope.$evalAsync(callback);
+              } else {
+                scope.$apply(callback);
+              }
+            });
+          };
+        }
+      };
+    }];
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngDblclick
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on double click)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMousedown
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on mouse down)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseup
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (on mouse up)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseover
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse is over)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseenter
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse enters)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMouseleave
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse leaves)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngMousemove
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment (when mouse moves)
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeydown
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+      key down count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeyup
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
+       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}
+
+       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
+       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
+       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
+       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngKeypress
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
+ * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+      key press count: {{count}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSubmit
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
+ *
+ * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
+ * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
+ * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Warning:** Be careful not to cause "double-submission" by using both the `ngClick` and
+ * `ngSubmit` handlers together. See the
+ * {@link form#submitting-a-form-and-preventing-the-default-action `form` directive documentation}
+ * for a detailed discussion of when `ngSubmit` may be triggered.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @element form
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="submitExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <script>
+        angular.module('submitExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.list = [];
+            $scope.text = 'hello';
+            $scope.submit = function() {
+              if ($scope.text) {
+                $scope.list.push(this.text);
+                $scope.text = '';
+              }
+            };
+          }]);
+      </script>
+      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        Enter text and hit enter:
+        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
+        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
+        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
+      </form>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+         expect(element(by.model('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
+       });
+       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
+         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
+        });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngFocus
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
+ *
+ * Note: As the `focus` event is executed synchronously when calling `input.focus()`
+ * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
+ * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngBlur
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
+ *
+ * A [blur event](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/blur) fires when
+ * an element has lost focus.
+ *
+ * Note: As the `blur` event is executed synchronously also during DOM manipulations
+ * (e.g. removing a focussed input),
+ * AngularJS executes the expression using `scope.$evalAsync` if the event is fired
+ * during an `$apply` to ensure a consistent state.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCopy
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
+      copied: {{copied}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngCut
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
+      cut: {{cut}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPaste
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @priority 0
+ * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
+      pasted: {{paste}}
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngIf
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
+ * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
+ * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
+ * element is reinserted into the DOM.
+ *
+ * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
+ * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
+ * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
+ * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
+ *
+ * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
+ * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
+ * its parent scope using
+ * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes#javascript-prototypal-inheritance).
+ * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
+ * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
+ * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
+ *
+ * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
+ * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
+ * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
+ * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
+ *
+ * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
+ * and `leave` effects.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - happens just after the `ngIf` contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the `ngIf` container
+ * leave - happens just before the `ngIf` contents are removed from the DOM
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 600
+ * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
+ *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
+ *     element is added to the DOM tree.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /><br/>
+      Show when checked:
+      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
+        This is removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
+      </span>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-if {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
+        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter,
+      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        opacity:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-leave,
+      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 600,
+    terminal: true,
+    restrict: 'A',
+    $$tlb: true,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var block, childScope, previousElements;
+        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {
+
+          if (value) {
+            if (!childScope) {
+              $transclude(function(clone, newScope) {
+                childScope = newScope;
+                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngIf: ' + $attr.ngIf + ' ');
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block = {
+                  clone: clone
+                };
+                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
+              });
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (previousElements) {
+              previousElements.remove();
+              previousElements = null;
+            }
+            if (childScope) {
+              childScope.$destroy();
+              childScope = null;
+            }
+            if (block) {
+              previousElements = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+              $animate.leave(previousElements).then(function() {
+                previousElements = null;
+              });
+              block = null;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngInclude
+ * @restrict ECA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
+ *
+ * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
+ * application document. This is done by calling {@link $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
+ * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
+ * {@link $sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
+ * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
+ *
+ * In addition, the browser's
+ * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
+ * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
+ * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
+ * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
+ * access on some browsers.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - animation is used to bring new content into the browser.
+ * leave - animation is used to animate existing content away.
+ *
+ * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 400
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
+ *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
+ * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
+ *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
+ *
+ *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
+ *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
+ *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="includeExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
+        <option value="">(blank)</option>
+       </select>
+       url of the template: <code>{{template.url}}</code>
+       <hr/>
+       <div class="slide-animate-container">
+         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('includeExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.templates =
+            [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
+              { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
+          $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
+        }]);
+     </file>
+    <file name="template1.html">
+      Content of template1.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="template2.html">
+      Content of template2.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .slide-animate-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+        display:block;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        top:0;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        top:50px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
+      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));
+
+      it('should load template1.html', function() {
+        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
+      });
+
+      it('should load template2.html', function() {
+        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
+          // Firefox can't handle using selects
+          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
+          return;
+        }
+        templateSelect.click();
+        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
+      });
+
+      it('should change to blank', function() {
+        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
+          // Firefox can't handle using selects
+          return;
+        }
+        templateSelect.click();
+        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
+        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
+ * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ngInclude#$includeContentError
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted when a template HTTP request yields an erroneous response (status < 200 || status > 299)
+ *
+ * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+ * @param {String} src URL of content to load.
+ */
+var ngIncludeDirective = ['$templateRequest', '$anchorScroll', '$animate', '$sce',
+                  function($templateRequest,   $anchorScroll,   $animate,   $sce) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    priority: 400,
+    terminal: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    controller: angular.noop,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
+          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
+          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;
+
+      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var changeCounter = 0,
+            currentScope,
+            previousElement,
+            currentElement;
+
+        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
+          if (previousElement) {
+            previousElement.remove();
+            previousElement = null;
+          }
+          if (currentScope) {
+            currentScope.$destroy();
+            currentScope = null;
+          }
+          if (currentElement) {
+            $animate.leave(currentElement).then(function() {
+              previousElement = null;
+            });
+            previousElement = currentElement;
+            currentElement = null;
+          }
+        };
+
+        scope.$watch($sce.parseAsResourceUrl(srcExp), function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
+          var afterAnimation = function() {
+            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
+              $anchorScroll();
+            }
+          };
+          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;
+
+          if (src) {
+            //set the 2nd param to true to ignore the template request error so that the inner
+            //contents and scope can be cleaned up.
+            $templateRequest(src, true).then(function(response) {
+              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
+              var newScope = scope.$new();
+              ctrl.template = response;
+
+              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
+              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
+              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
+              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
+              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
+              // directives to non existing elements.
+              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element).then(afterAnimation);
+              });
+
+              currentScope = newScope;
+              currentElement = clone;
+
+              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded', src);
+              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
+            }, function() {
+              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                scope.$emit('$includeContentError', src);
+              }
+            });
+            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested', src);
+          } else {
+            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+            ctrl.template = null;
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
+// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
+// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
+// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
+// is called.
+var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
+  function($compile) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'ECA',
+      priority: -400,
+      require: 'ngInclude',
+      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
+        if (/SVG/.test($element[0].toString())) {
+          // WebKit: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=135698 --- SVG elements do not
+          // support innerHTML, so detect this here and try to generate the contents
+          // specially.
+          $element.empty();
+          $compile(jqLiteBuildFragment(ctrl.template, document).childNodes)(scope,
+              function namespaceAdaptedClone(clone) {
+            $element.append(clone);
+          }, {futureParentElement: $element});
+          return;
+        }
+
+        $element.html(ctrl.template);
+        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngInit
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
+ * current scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-error">
+ * The only appropriate use of `ngInit` is for aliasing special properties of
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below. Besides this case, you
+ * should use {@link guide/controller controllers} rather than `ngInit`
+ * to initialize values on a scope.
+ * </div>
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with {@link ng.$filter `$filter`}, make
+ * sure you have parenthesis for correct precedence:
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ * `<div ng-init="test1 = (data | orderBy:'name')"></div>`
+ * </pre>
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @priority 450
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="initExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+   <script>
+     angular.module('initExample', [])
+       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+         $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
+       }]);
+   </script>
+   <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
+       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
+          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+   </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should alias index positions', function() {
+         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
+         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
+         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
+         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
+         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
+  priority: 450,
+  compile: function() {
+    return {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
+        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngList
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The default
+ * delimiter is a comma followed by a space - equivalent to `ng-list=", "`. You can specify a custom
+ * delimiter as the value of the `ngList` attribute - for example, `ng-list=" | "`.
+ *
+ * The behaviour of the directive is affected by the use of the `ngTrim` attribute.
+ * * If `ngTrim` is set to `"false"` then whitespace around both the separator and each
+ *   list item is respected. This implies that the user of the directive is responsible for
+ *   dealing with whitespace but also allows you to use whitespace as a delimiter, such as a
+ *   tab or newline character.
+ * * Otherwise whitespace around the delimiter is ignored when splitting (although it is respected
+ *   when joining the list items back together) and whitespace around each list item is stripped
+ *   before it is added to the model.
+ *
+ * ### Example with Validation
+ *
+ * <example name="ngList-directive" module="listExample">
+ *   <file name="app.js">
+ *      angular.module('listExample', [])
+ *        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+ *          $scope.names = ['morpheus', 'neo', 'trinity'];
+ *        }]);
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+ *      List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required>
+ *      <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
+ *        Required!</span>
+ *      <br>
+ *      <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+ *      <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+ *     </form>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
+ *     var names = element(by.exactBinding('names'));
+ *     var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
+ *     var error = element(by.css('span.error'));
+ *
+ *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
+ *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('["morpheus","neo","trinity"]');
+ *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
+ *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+ *       listInput.clear();
+ *       listInput.sendKeys('');
+ *
+ *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
+ *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
+ *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * ### Example - splitting on whitespace
+ * <example name="ngList-directive-newlines">
+ *   <file name="index.html">
+ *    <textarea ng-model="list" ng-list="&#10;" ng-trim="false"></textarea>
+ *    <pre>{{ list | json }}</pre>
+ *   </file>
+ *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+ *     it("should split the text by newlines", function() {
+ *       var listInput = element(by.model('list'));
+ *       var output = element(by.binding('list | json'));
+ *       listInput.sendKeys('abc\ndef\nghi');
+ *       expect(output.getText()).toContain('[\n  "abc",\n  "def",\n  "ghi"\n]');
+ *     });
+ *   </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value.
+ */
+var ngListDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 100,
+    require: 'ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+      // We want to control whitespace trimming so we use this convoluted approach
+      // to access the ngList attribute, which doesn't pre-trim the attribute
+      var ngList = element.attr(attr.$attr.ngList) || ', ';
+      var trimValues = attr.ngTrim !== 'false';
+      var separator = trimValues ? trim(ngList) : ngList;
+
+      var parse = function(viewValue) {
+        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
+        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;
+
+        var list = [];
+
+        if (viewValue) {
+          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
+            if (value) list.push(trimValues ? trim(value) : value);
+          });
+        }
+
+        return list;
+      };
+
+      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
+      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          return value.join(ngList);
+        }
+
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
+      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+        return !value || !value.length;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/* global VALID_CLASS: true,
+  INVALID_CLASS: true,
+  PRISTINE_CLASS: true,
+  DIRTY_CLASS: true,
+  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: true,
+  TOUCHED_CLASS: true,
+*/
+
+var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
+    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
+    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
+    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty',
+    UNTOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-untouched',
+    TOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-touched',
+    PENDING_CLASS = 'ng-pending';
+
+
+var $ngModelMinErr = new minErr('ngModel');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc type
+ * @name ngModel.NgModelController
+ *
+ * @property {string} $viewValue Actual string value in the view.
+ * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model that the control is bound to.
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+       the control reads value from the DOM. The functions are called in array order, each passing
+       its return value through to the next. The last return value is forwarded to the
+       {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} collection.
+
+Parsers are used to sanitize / convert the {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$viewValue
+`$viewValue`}.
+
+Returning `undefined` from a parser means a parse error occurred. In that case,
+no {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$validators `$validators`} will run and the `ngModel`
+will be set to `undefined` unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`}
+is set to `true`. The parse error is stored in `ngModel.$error.parse`.
+
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+       the model value changes. The functions are called in reverse array order, each passing the value through to the
+       next. The last return value is used as the actual DOM value.
+       Used to format / convert values for display in the control.
+ * ```js
+ * function formatter(value) {
+ *   if (value) {
+ *     return value.toUpperCase();
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Object.<string, function>} $validators A collection of validators that are applied
+ *      whenever the model value changes. The key value within the object refers to the name of the
+ *      validator while the function refers to the validation operation. The validation operation is
+ *      provided with the model value as an argument and must return a true or false value depending
+ *      on the response of that validation.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * ngModel.$validators.validCharacters = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+ *   return /[0-9]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /[a-z]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /[A-Z]+/.test(value) &&
+ *          /\W+/.test(value);
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Object.<string, function>} $asyncValidators A collection of validations that are expected to
+ *      perform an asynchronous validation (e.g. a HTTP request). The validation function that is provided
+ *      is expected to return a promise when it is run during the model validation process. Once the promise
+ *      is delivered then the validation status will be set to true when fulfilled and false when rejected.
+ *      When the asynchronous validators are triggered, each of the validators will run in parallel and the model
+ *      value will only be updated once all validators have been fulfilled. As long as an asynchronous validator
+ *      is unfulfilled, its key will be added to the controllers `$pending` property. Also, all asynchronous validators
+ *      will only run once all synchronous validators have passed.
+ *
+ * Please note that if $http is used then it is important that the server returns a success HTTP response code
+ * in order to fulfill the validation and a status level of `4xx` in order to reject the validation.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * ngModel.$asyncValidators.uniqueUsername = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+ *   var value = modelValue || viewValue;
+ *
+ *   // Lookup user by username
+ *   return $http.get('/api/users/' + value).
+ *      then(function resolved() {
+ *        //username exists, this means validation fails
+ *        return $q.reject('exists');
+ *      }, function rejected() {
+ *        //username does not exist, therefore this validation passes
+ *        return true;
+ *      });
+ * };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
+ *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
+ *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all failing validator ids as keys.
+ * @property {Object} $pending An object hash with all pending validator ids as keys.
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $untouched True if control has not lost focus yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $touched True if control has lost focus.
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
+ * @property {string} $name The name attribute of the control.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `NgModelController` provides API for the {@link ngModel `ngModel`} directive.
+ * The controller contains services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting
+ * and parsing. It purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or
+ * listening to DOM events.
+ * Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
+ * `NgModelController` for data-binding to control elements.
+ * Angular provides this DOM logic for most {@link input `input`} elements.
+ * At the end of this page you can find a {@link ngModel.NgModelController#custom-control-example
+ * custom control example} that uses `ngModelController` to bind to `contenteditable` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ### Custom Control Example
+ * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
+ * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
+ * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
+ *
+ * Note that `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
+ * contents be edited in place by the user.  This will not work on older browsers.
+ *
+ * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
+ * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
+ * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to provide unsafe content if it marks
+ * that content using the `$sce` service.
+ *
+ * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+    <file name="style.css">
+      [contenteditable] {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background-color: white;
+        min-height: 20px;
+      }
+
+      .ng-invalid {
+        border: 1px solid red;
+      }
+
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
+        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
+          return {
+            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
+            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
+            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+              if (!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model
+
+              // Specify how UI should be updated
+              ngModel.$render = function() {
+                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
+              };
+
+              // Listen for change events to enable binding
+              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
+                scope.$evalAsync(read);
+              });
+              read(); // initialize
+
+              // Write data to the model
+              function read() {
+                var html = element.html();
+                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
+                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
+                if ( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
+                  html = '';
+                }
+                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
+              }
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <form name="myForm">
+       <div contenteditable
+            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
+            strip-br="true"
+            required>Change me!</div>
+        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
+       <hr>
+       <textarea ng-model="userContent"></textarea>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
+      if (browser.params.browser == 'safari' || browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
+        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
+        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
+        return;
+      }
+      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
+      var content = 'Change me!';
+
+      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);
+
+      contentEditable.clear();
+      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
+      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
+      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
+    });
+    </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ */
+var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate', '$timeout', '$rootScope', '$q', '$interpolate',
+    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate, $timeout, $rootScope, $q, $interpolate) {
+  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$$rawModelValue = undefined; // stores the parsed modelValue / model set from scope regardless of validity.
+  this.$validators = {};
+  this.$asyncValidators = {};
+  this.$parsers = [];
+  this.$formatters = [];
+  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
+  this.$untouched = true;
+  this.$touched = false;
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here
+  this.$$success = {}; // keep valid keys here
+  this.$pending = undefined; // keep pending keys here
+  this.$name = $interpolate($attr.name || '', false)($scope);
+
+
+  var parsedNgModel = $parse($attr.ngModel),
+      parsedNgModelAssign = parsedNgModel.assign,
+      ngModelGet = parsedNgModel,
+      ngModelSet = parsedNgModelAssign,
+      pendingDebounce = null,
+      ctrl = this;
+
+  this.$$setOptions = function(options) {
+    ctrl.$options = options;
+    if (options && options.getterSetter) {
+      var invokeModelGetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '()'),
+          invokeModelSetter = $parse($attr.ngModel + '($$$p)');
+
+      ngModelGet = function($scope) {
+        var modelValue = parsedNgModel($scope);
+        if (isFunction(modelValue)) {
+          modelValue = invokeModelGetter($scope);
+        }
+        return modelValue;
+      };
+      ngModelSet = function($scope, newValue) {
+        if (isFunction(parsedNgModel($scope))) {
+          invokeModelSetter($scope, {$$$p: ctrl.$modelValue});
+        } else {
+          parsedNgModelAssign($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
+        }
+      };
+    } else if (!parsedNgModel.assign) {
+      throw $ngModelMinErr('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
+          $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
+   * directive will implement this method.
+   *
+   * The `$render()` method is invoked in the following situations:
+   *
+   * * `$rollbackViewValue()` is called.  If we are rolling back the view value to the last
+   *   committed value then `$render()` is called to update the input control.
+   * * The value referenced by `ng-model` is changed programmatically and both the `$modelValue` and
+   *   the `$viewValue` are different to last time.
+   *
+   * Since `ng-model` does not do a deep watch, `$render()` is only invoked if the values of
+   * `$modelValue` and `$viewValue` are actually different to their previous value. If `$modelValue`
+   * or `$viewValue` are objects (rather than a string or number) then `$render()` will not be
+   * invoked if you only change a property on the objects.
+   */
+  this.$render = noop;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of an input is empty.
+   *
+   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
+   *
+   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
+   *
+   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different to the
+   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
+   * implies empty.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value The value of the input to check for emptiness.
+   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is "empty".
+   */
+  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
+  };
+
+  var parentForm = $element.inheritedData('$formController') || nullFormCtrl,
+      currentValidationRunId = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Change the validity state, and notify the form.
+   *
+   * This method can be called within $parsers/$formatters or a custom validation implementation.
+   * However, in most cases it should be sufficient to use the `ngModel.$validators` and
+   * `ngModel.$asyncValidators` collections which will call `$setValidity` automatically.
+   *
+   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. The `validationErrorKey` will be assigned
+   *        to either `$error[validationErrorKey]` or `$pending[validationErrorKey]`
+   *        (for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`), so that it is available for data-binding.
+   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
+   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
+   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
+   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true), invalid (false), pending (undefined),
+   *                          or skipped (null). Pending is used for unfulfilled `$asyncValidators`.
+   *                          Skipped is used by Angular when validators do not run because of parse errors and
+   *                          when `$asyncValidators` do not run because any of the `$validators` failed.
+   */
+  addSetValidityMethod({
+    ctrl: this,
+    $element: $element,
+    set: function(object, property) {
+      object[property] = true;
+    },
+    unset: function(object, property) {
+      delete object[property];
+    },
+    parentForm: parentForm,
+    $animate: $animate
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-dirty` class and set the control to its pristine
+   * state (`ng-pristine` class). A model is considered to be pristine when the control
+   * has not been changed from when first compiled.
+   */
+  this.$setPristine = function() {
+    ctrl.$dirty = false;
+    ctrl.$pristine = true;
+    $animate.removeClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    $animate.addClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setDirty
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-pristine` class and set the control to its dirty
+   * state (`ng-dirty` class). A model is considered to be dirty when the control has been changed
+   * from when first compiled.
+   */
+  this.$setDirty = function() {
+    ctrl.$dirty = true;
+    ctrl.$pristine = false;
+    $animate.removeClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    $animate.addClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
+    parentForm.$setDirty();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setUntouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its untouched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-touched` class and set the control to its
+   * untouched state (`ng-untouched` class). Upon compilation, a model is set as untouched
+   * by default, however this function can be used to restore that state if the model has
+   * already been touched by the user.
+   */
+  this.$setUntouched = function() {
+    ctrl.$touched = false;
+    ctrl.$untouched = true;
+    $animate.setClass($element, UNTOUCHED_CLASS, TOUCHED_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setTouched
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its touched state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the `ng-untouched` class and set the control to its
+   * touched state (`ng-touched` class). A model is considered to be touched when the user has
+   * first focused the control element and then shifted focus away from the control (blur event).
+   */
+  this.$setTouched = function() {
+    ctrl.$touched = true;
+    ctrl.$untouched = false;
+    $animate.setClass($element, TOUCHED_CLASS, UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancel an update and reset the input element's value to prevent an update to the `$modelValue`,
+   * which may be caused by a pending debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some
+   * future event.
+   *
+   * If you have an input that uses `ng-model-options` to set up debounced events or events such
+   * as blur you can have a situation where there is a period when the `$viewValue`
+   * is out of synch with the ngModel's `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * In this case, you can run into difficulties if you try to update the ngModel's `$modelValue`
+   * programmatically before these debounced/future events have resolved/occurred, because Angular's
+   * dirty checking mechanism is not able to tell whether the model has actually changed or not.
+   *
+   * The `$rollbackViewValue()` method should be called before programmatically changing the model of an
+   * input which may have such events pending. This is important in order to make sure that the
+   * input field will be updated with the new model value and any pending operations are cancelled.
+   *
+   * <example name="ng-model-cancel-update" module="cancel-update-example">
+   *   <file name="app.js">
+   *     angular.module('cancel-update-example', [])
+   *
+   *     .controller('CancelUpdateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+   *       $scope.resetWithCancel = function(e) {
+   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
+   *           $scope.myForm.myInput1.$rollbackViewValue();
+   *           $scope.myValue = '';
+   *         }
+   *       };
+   *       $scope.resetWithoutCancel = function(e) {
+   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
+   *           $scope.myValue = '';
+   *         }
+   *       };
+   *     }]);
+   *   </file>
+   *   <file name="index.html">
+   *     <div ng-controller="CancelUpdateController">
+   *       <p>Try typing something in each input.  See that the model only updates when you
+   *          blur off the input.
+   *        </p>
+   *        <p>Now see what happens if you start typing then press the Escape key</p>
+   *
+   *       <form name="myForm" ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }">
+   *         <p>With $rollbackViewValue()</p>
+   *         <input name="myInput1" ng-model="myValue" ng-keydown="resetWithCancel($event)"><br/>
+   *         myValue: "{{ myValue }}"
+   *
+   *         <p>Without $rollbackViewValue()</p>
+   *         <input name="myInput2" ng-model="myValue" ng-keydown="resetWithoutCancel($event)"><br/>
+   *         myValue: "{{ myValue }}"
+   *       </form>
+   *     </div>
+   *   </file>
+   * </example>
+   */
+  this.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
+    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+    ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    ctrl.$render();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$validate
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Runs each of the registered validators (first synchronous validators and then
+   * asynchronous validators).
+   * If the validity changes to invalid, the model will be set to `undefined`,
+   * unless {@link ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions.allowInvalid`} is `true`.
+   * If the validity changes to valid, it will set the model to the last available valid
+   * modelValue, i.e. either the last parsed value or the last value set from the scope.
+   */
+  this.$validate = function() {
+    // ignore $validate before model is initialized
+    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    // Note: we use the $$rawModelValue as $modelValue might have been
+    // set to undefined during a view -> model update that found validation
+    // errors. We can't parse the view here, since that could change
+    // the model although neither viewValue nor the model on the scope changed
+    var modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue;
+
+    // Check if the there's a parse error, so we don't unset it accidentially
+    var parserName = ctrl.$$parserName || 'parse';
+    var parserValid = ctrl.$error[parserName] ? false : undefined;
+
+    var prevValid = ctrl.$valid;
+    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
+
+    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
+
+    ctrl.$$runValidators(parserValid, modelValue, viewValue, function(allValid) {
+      // If there was no change in validity, don't update the model
+      // This prevents changing an invalid modelValue to undefined
+      if (!allowInvalid && prevValid !== allValid) {
+        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
+        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
+        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
+        // to calculate their validity.
+        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+
+        if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
+          ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+  };
+
+  this.$$runValidators = function(parseValid, modelValue, viewValue, doneCallback) {
+    currentValidationRunId++;
+    var localValidationRunId = currentValidationRunId;
+
+    // check parser error
+    if (!processParseErrors(parseValid)) {
+      validationDone(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!processSyncValidators()) {
+      validationDone(false);
+      return;
+    }
+    processAsyncValidators();
+
+    function processParseErrors(parseValid) {
+      var errorKey = ctrl.$$parserName || 'parse';
+      if (parseValid === undefined) {
+        setValidity(errorKey, null);
+      } else {
+        setValidity(errorKey, parseValid);
+        if (!parseValid) {
+          forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(v, name) {
+            setValidity(name, null);
+          });
+          forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
+            setValidity(name, null);
+          });
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    function processSyncValidators() {
+      var syncValidatorsValid = true;
+      forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(validator, name) {
+        var result = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
+        syncValidatorsValid = syncValidatorsValid && result;
+        setValidity(name, result);
+      });
+      if (!syncValidatorsValid) {
+        forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(v, name) {
+          setValidity(name, null);
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    function processAsyncValidators() {
+      var validatorPromises = [];
+      var allValid = true;
+      forEach(ctrl.$asyncValidators, function(validator, name) {
+        var promise = validator(modelValue, viewValue);
+        if (!isPromiseLike(promise)) {
+          throw $ngModelMinErr("$asyncValidators",
+            "Expected asynchronous validator to return a promise but got '{0}' instead.", promise);
+        }
+        setValidity(name, undefined);
+        validatorPromises.push(promise.then(function() {
+          setValidity(name, true);
+        }, function(error) {
+          allValid = false;
+          setValidity(name, false);
+        }));
+      });
+      if (!validatorPromises.length) {
+        validationDone(true);
+      } else {
+        $q.all(validatorPromises).then(function() {
+          validationDone(allValid);
+        }, noop);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function setValidity(name, isValid) {
+      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
+        ctrl.$setValidity(name, isValid);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function validationDone(allValid) {
+      if (localValidationRunId === currentValidationRunId) {
+
+        doneCallback(allValid);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$commitViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Commit a pending update to the `$modelValue`.
+   *
+   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
+   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. this method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
+   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
+   */
+  this.$commitViewValue = function() {
+    var viewValue = ctrl.$viewValue;
+
+    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+
+    // If the view value has not changed then we should just exit, except in the case where there is
+    // a native validator on the element. In this case the validation state may have changed even though
+    // the viewValue has stayed empty.
+    if (ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue === viewValue && (viewValue !== '' || !ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
+
+    // change to dirty
+    if (ctrl.$pristine) {
+      this.$setDirty();
+    }
+    this.$$parseAndValidate();
+  };
+
+  this.$$parseAndValidate = function() {
+    var viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
+    var modelValue = viewValue;
+    var parserValid = isUndefined(modelValue) ? undefined : true;
+
+    if (parserValid) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < ctrl.$parsers.length; i++) {
+        modelValue = ctrl.$parsers[i](modelValue);
+        if (isUndefined(modelValue)) {
+          parserValid = false;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (isNumber(ctrl.$modelValue) && isNaN(ctrl.$modelValue)) {
+      // ctrl.$modelValue has not been touched yet...
+      ctrl.$modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
+    }
+    var prevModelValue = ctrl.$modelValue;
+    var allowInvalid = ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.allowInvalid;
+    ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+
+    if (allowInvalid) {
+      ctrl.$modelValue = modelValue;
+      writeToModelIfNeeded();
+    }
+
+    // Pass the $$lastCommittedViewValue here, because the cached viewValue might be out of date.
+    // This can happen if e.g. $setViewValue is called from inside a parser
+    ctrl.$$runValidators(parserValid, modelValue, ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue, function(allValid) {
+      if (!allowInvalid) {
+        // Note: Don't check ctrl.$valid here, as we could have
+        // external validators (e.g. calculated on the server),
+        // that just call $setValidity and need the model value
+        // to calculate their validity.
+        ctrl.$modelValue = allValid ? modelValue : undefined;
+        writeToModelIfNeeded();
+      }
+    });
+
+    function writeToModelIfNeeded() {
+      if (ctrl.$modelValue !== prevModelValue) {
+        ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$$writeModelToScope = function() {
+    ngModelSet($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
+    forEach(ctrl.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      try {
+        listener();
+      } catch (e) {
+        $exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Update the view value.
+   *
+   * This method should be called when an input directive want to change the view value; typically,
+   * this is done from within a DOM event handler.
+   *
+   * For example {@link ng.directive:input input} calls it when the value of the input changes and
+   * {@link ng.directive:select select} calls it when an option is selected.
+   *
+   * If the new `value` is an object (rather than a string or a number), we should make a copy of the
+   * object before passing it to `$setViewValue`.  This is because `ngModel` does not perform a deep
+   * watch of objects, it only looks for a change of identity. If you only change the property of
+   * the object then ngModel will not realise that the object has changed and will not invoke the
+   * `$parsers` and `$validators` pipelines.
+   *
+   * For this reason, you should not change properties of the copy once it has been passed to
+   * `$setViewValue`. Otherwise you may cause the model value on the scope to change incorrectly.
+   *
+   * When this method is called, the new `value` will be staged for committing through the `$parsers`
+   * and `$validators` pipelines. If there are no special {@link ngModelOptions} specified then the staged
+   * value sent directly for processing, finally to be applied to `$modelValue` and then the
+   * **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute.
+   *
+   * Lastly, all the registered change listeners, in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
+   *
+   * In case the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions} directive is used with `updateOn`
+   * and the `default` trigger is not listed, all those actions will remain pending until one of the
+   * `updateOn` events is triggered on the DOM element.
+   * All these actions will be debounced if the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}
+   * directive is used with a custom debounce for this particular event.
+   *
+   * Note that calling this function does not trigger a `$digest`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} value Value from the view.
+   * @param {string} trigger Event that triggered the update.
+   */
+  this.$setViewValue = function(value, trigger) {
+    ctrl.$viewValue = value;
+    if (!ctrl.$options || ctrl.$options.updateOnDefault) {
+      ctrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(trigger);
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$$debounceViewValueCommit = function(trigger) {
+    var debounceDelay = 0,
+        options = ctrl.$options,
+        debounce;
+
+    if (options && isDefined(options.debounce)) {
+      debounce = options.debounce;
+      if (isNumber(debounce)) {
+        debounceDelay = debounce;
+      } else if (isNumber(debounce[trigger])) {
+        debounceDelay = debounce[trigger];
+      } else if (isNumber(debounce['default'])) {
+        debounceDelay = debounce['default'];
+      }
+    }
+
+    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
+    if (debounceDelay) {
+      pendingDebounce = $timeout(function() {
+        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
+      }, debounceDelay);
+    } else if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+      ctrl.$commitViewValue();
+    } else {
+      $scope.$apply(function() {
+        ctrl.$commitViewValue();
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  // model -> value
+  // Note: we cannot use a normal scope.$watch as we want to detect the following:
+  // 1. scope value is 'a'
+  // 2. user enters 'b'
+  // 3. ng-change kicks in and reverts scope value to 'a'
+  //    -> scope value did not change since the last digest as
+  //       ng-change executes in apply phase
+  // 4. view should be changed back to 'a'
+  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
+    var modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);
+
+    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
+    // TODO(perf): why not move this to the action fn?
+    if (modelValue !== ctrl.$modelValue) {
+      ctrl.$modelValue = ctrl.$$rawModelValue = modelValue;
+
+      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
+          idx = formatters.length;
+
+      var viewValue = modelValue;
+      while (idx--) {
+        viewValue = formatters[idx](viewValue);
+      }
+      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== viewValue) {
+        ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
+        ctrl.$render();
+
+        ctrl.$$runValidators(undefined, modelValue, viewValue, noop);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return modelValue;
+  });
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngModel
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @priority 1
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
+ * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
+ * which is created and exposed by this directive.
+ *
+ * `ngModel` is responsible for:
+ *
+ * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
+ *   require.
+ * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
+ * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, touched/untouched, validation errors).
+ * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`, `ng-touched`, `ng-untouched`) including animations.
+ * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
+ *
+ * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
+ * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
+ * implicitly and added to the scope.
+ *
+ * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - [Understanding Scopes](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes)
+ *
+ * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
+ *    - {@link input[text] text}
+ *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
+ *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
+ *    - {@link input[number] number}
+ *    - {@link input[email] email}
+ *    - {@link input[url] url}
+ *    - {@link input[date] date}
+ *    - {@link input[datetime-local] datetime-local}
+ *    - {@link input[time] time}
+ *    - {@link input[month] month}
+ *    - {@link input[week] week}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
+ *
+ * # CSS classes
+ * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
+ * depending on the validity of the model.
+ *
+ *  - `ng-valid`: the model is valid
+ *  - `ng-invalid`: the model is invalid
+ *  - `ng-valid-[key]`: for each valid key added by `$setValidity`
+ *  - `ng-invalid-[key]`: for each invalid key added by `$setValidity`
+ *  - `ng-pristine`: the control hasn't been interacted with yet
+ *  - `ng-dirty`: the control has been interacted with
+ *  - `ng-touched`: the control has been blurred
+ *  - `ng-untouched`: the control hasn't been blurred
+ *  - `ng-pending`: any `$asyncValidators` are unfulfilled
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
+ *
+ * ## Animation Hooks
+ *
+ * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
+ * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
+ * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
+ * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
+ * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
+ *
+ * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
+ * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
+ * //advanced animations
+ * .my-input {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   background: white;
+ * }
+ * .my-input.ng-invalid {
+ *   background: red;
+ *   color:white;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="inputExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+        angular.module('inputExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.val = '1';
+          }]);
+       </script>
+       <style>
+         .my-input {
+           -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
+           transition:all linear 0.5s;
+           background: transparent;
+         }
+         .my-input.ng-invalid {
+           color:white;
+           background: red;
+         }
+       </style>
+       Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
+       Integer is a valid value.
+       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input" />
+       </form>
+     </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ * ## Binding to a getter/setter
+ *
+ * Sometimes it's helpful to bind `ngModel` to a getter/setter function.  A getter/setter is a
+ * function that returns a representation of the model when called with zero arguments, and sets
+ * the internal state of a model when called with an argument. It's sometimes useful to use this
+ * for models that have an internal representation that's different than what the model exposes
+ * to the view.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's best to keep getters fast because Angular is likely to call them more
+ * frequently than other parts of your code.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * You use this behavior by adding `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to an element that
+ * has `ng-model` attached to it. You can also add `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to
+ * a `<form>`, which will enable this behavior for all `<input>`s within it. See
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions`} for more.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to use `ngModel` with a getter/setter:
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <example name="ngModel-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <form name="userForm">
+           Name:
+           <input type="text" name="userName"
+                  ng-model="user.name"
+                  ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+         </form>
+         <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="app.js">
+       angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           var _name = 'Brian';
+           $scope.user = {
+             name: function(newName) {
+               if (angular.isDefined(newName)) {
+                 _name = newName;
+               }
+               return _name;
+             }
+           };
+         }]);
+     </file>
+ * </example>
+ */
+var ngModelDirective = ['$rootScope', function($rootScope) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: ['ngModel', '^?form', '^?ngModelOptions'],
+    controller: NgModelController,
+    // Prelink needs to run before any input directive
+    // so that we can set the NgModelOptions in NgModelController
+    // before anyone else uses it.
+    priority: 1,
+    compile: function ngModelCompile(element) {
+      // Setup initial state of the control
+      element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(UNTOUCHED_CLASS).addClass(VALID_CLASS);
+
+      return {
+        pre: function ngModelPreLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
+              formCtrl = ctrls[1] || nullFormCtrl;
+
+          modelCtrl.$$setOptions(ctrls[2] && ctrls[2].$options);
+
+          // notify others, especially parent forms
+          formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);
+
+          attr.$observe('name', function(newValue) {
+            if (modelCtrl.$name !== newValue) {
+              formCtrl.$$renameControl(modelCtrl, newValue);
+            }
+          });
+
+          scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+            formCtrl.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
+          });
+        },
+        post: function ngModelPostLink(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+          var modelCtrl = ctrls[0];
+          if (modelCtrl.$options && modelCtrl.$options.updateOn) {
+            element.on(modelCtrl.$options.updateOn, function(ev) {
+              modelCtrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(ev && ev.type);
+            });
+          }
+
+          element.on('blur', function(ev) {
+            if (modelCtrl.$touched) return;
+
+            if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+              scope.$evalAsync(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
+            } else {
+              scope.$apply(modelCtrl.$setTouched);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var DEFAULT_REGEXP = /(\s+|^)default(\s+|$)/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngModelOptions
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Allows tuning how model updates are done. Using `ngModelOptions` you can specify a custom list of
+ * events that will trigger a model update and/or a debouncing delay so that the actual update only
+ * takes place when a timer expires; this timer will be reset after another change takes place.
+ *
+ * Given the nature of `ngModelOptions`, the value displayed inside input fields in the view might
+ * be different than the value in the actual model. This means that if you update the model you
+ * should also invoke {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`} on the relevant input field in
+ * order to make sure it is synchronized with the model and that any debounced action is canceled.
+ *
+ * The easiest way to reference the control's {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`}
+ * method is by making sure the input is placed inside a form that has a `name` attribute. This is
+ * important because `form` controllers are published to the related scope under the name in their
+ * `name` attribute.
+ *
+ * Any pending changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is submitted via the
+ * `submit` event. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
+ * to have access to the updated model.
+ *
+ * `ngModelOptions` has an effect on the element it's declared on and its descendants.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} ngModelOptions options to apply to the current model. Valid keys are:
+ *   - `updateOn`: string specifying which event should the input be bound to. You can set several
+ *     events using an space delimited list. There is a special event called `default` that
+ *     matches the default events belonging of the control.
+ *   - `debounce`: integer value which contains the debounce model update value in milliseconds. A
+ *     value of 0 triggers an immediate update. If an object is supplied instead, you can specify a
+ *     custom value for each event. For example:
+ *     `ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default blur', debounce: {'default': 500, 'blur': 0} }"`
+ *   - `allowInvalid`: boolean value which indicates that the model can be set with values that did
+ *     not validate correctly instead of the default behavior of setting the model to undefined.
+ *   - `getterSetter`: boolean value which determines whether or not to treat functions bound to
+       `ngModel` as getters/setters.
+ *   - `timezone`: Defines the timezone to be used to read/write the `Date` instance in the model for
+ *     `<input type="date">`, `<input type="time">`, ... . Right now, the only supported value is `'UTC'`,
+ *     otherwise the default timezone of the browser will be used.
+ *
+ * @example
+
+  The following example shows how to override immediate updates. Changes on the inputs within the
+  form will update the model only when the control loses focus (blur event). If `escape` key is
+  pressed while the input field is focused, the value is reset to the value in the current model.
+
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-blur" module="optionsExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form name="userForm">
+          Name:
+          <input type="text" name="userName"
+                 ng-model="user.name"
+                 ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
+                 ng-keyup="cancel($event)" /><br />
+
+          Other data:
+          <input type="text" ng-model="user.data" /><br />
+        </form>
+        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.user = { name: 'say', data: '' };
+
+          $scope.cancel = function(e) {
+            if (e.keyCode == 27) {
+              $scope.userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue();
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var model = element(by.binding('user.name'));
+      var input = element(by.model('user.name'));
+      var other = element(by.model('user.data'));
+
+      it('should allow custom events', function() {
+        input.sendKeys(' hello');
+        input.click();
+        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
+        other.click();
+        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say hello');
+      });
+
+      it('should $rollbackViewValue when model changes', function() {
+        input.sendKeys(' hello');
+        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say hello');
+        input.sendKeys(protractor.Key.ESCAPE);
+        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say');
+        other.click();
+        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+
+  This one shows how to debounce model changes. Model will be updated only 1 sec after last change.
+  If the `Clear` button is pressed, any debounced action is canceled and the value becomes empty.
+
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-debounce" module="optionsExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form name="userForm">
+          Name:
+          <input type="text" name="userName"
+                 ng-model="user.name"
+                 ng-model-options="{ debounce: 1000 }" />
+          <button ng-click="userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue(); user.name=''">Clear</button><br />
+        </form>
+        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.user = { name: 'say' };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
+
+  This one shows how to bind to getter/setters:
+
+  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <form name="userForm">
+          Name:
+          <input type="text" name="userName"
+                 ng-model="user.name"
+                 ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
+        </form>
+        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="app.js">
+      angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          var _name = 'Brian';
+          $scope.user = {
+            name: function(newName) {
+              return angular.isDefined(newName) ? (_name = newName) : _name;
+            }
+          };
+        }]);
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngModelOptionsDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    controller: ['$scope', '$attrs', function($scope, $attrs) {
+      var that = this;
+      this.$options = $scope.$eval($attrs.ngModelOptions);
+      // Allow adding/overriding bound events
+      if (this.$options.updateOn !== undefined) {
+        this.$options.updateOnDefault = false;
+        // extract "default" pseudo-event from list of events that can trigger a model update
+        this.$options.updateOn = trim(this.$options.updateOn.replace(DEFAULT_REGEXP, function() {
+          that.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
+          return ' ';
+        }));
+      } else {
+        this.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
+      }
+    }]
+  };
+};
+
+
+
+// helper methods
+function addSetValidityMethod(context) {
+  var ctrl = context.ctrl,
+      $element = context.$element,
+      classCache = {},
+      set = context.set,
+      unset = context.unset,
+      parentForm = context.parentForm,
+      $animate = context.$animate;
+
+  classCache[INVALID_CLASS] = !(classCache[VALID_CLASS] = $element.hasClass(VALID_CLASS));
+
+  ctrl.$setValidity = setValidity;
+
+  function setValidity(validationErrorKey, state, controller) {
+    if (state === undefined) {
+      createAndSet('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      unsetAndCleanup('$pending', validationErrorKey, controller);
+    }
+    if (!isBoolean(state)) {
+      unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+    } else {
+      if (state) {
+        unset(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        set(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      } else {
+        set(ctrl.$error, validationErrorKey, controller);
+        unset(ctrl.$$success, validationErrorKey, controller);
+      }
+    }
+    if (ctrl.$pending) {
+      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, true);
+      ctrl.$valid = ctrl.$invalid = undefined;
+      toggleValidationCss('', null);
+    } else {
+      cachedToggleClass(PENDING_CLASS, false);
+      ctrl.$valid = isObjectEmpty(ctrl.$error);
+      ctrl.$invalid = !ctrl.$valid;
+      toggleValidationCss('', ctrl.$valid);
+    }
+
+    // re-read the state as the set/unset methods could have
+    // combined state in ctrl.$error[validationError] (used for forms),
+    // where setting/unsetting only increments/decrements the value,
+    // and does not replace it.
+    var combinedState;
+    if (ctrl.$pending && ctrl.$pending[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = undefined;
+    } else if (ctrl.$error[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = false;
+    } else if (ctrl.$$success[validationErrorKey]) {
+      combinedState = true;
+    } else {
+      combinedState = null;
+    }
+
+    toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, combinedState);
+    parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, combinedState, ctrl);
+  }
+
+  function createAndSet(name, value, controller) {
+    if (!ctrl[name]) {
+      ctrl[name] = {};
+    }
+    set(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+  }
+
+  function unsetAndCleanup(name, value, controller) {
+    if (ctrl[name]) {
+      unset(ctrl[name], value, controller);
+    }
+    if (isObjectEmpty(ctrl[name])) {
+      ctrl[name] = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function cachedToggleClass(className, switchValue) {
+    if (switchValue && !classCache[className]) {
+      $animate.addClass($element, className);
+      classCache[className] = true;
+    } else if (!switchValue && classCache[className]) {
+      $animate.removeClass($element, className);
+      classCache[className] = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function toggleValidationCss(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
+    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+
+    cachedToggleClass(VALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === true);
+    cachedToggleClass(INVALID_CLASS + validationErrorKey, isValid === false);
+  }
+}
+
+function isObjectEmpty(obj) {
+  if (obj) {
+    for (var prop in obj) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngNonBindable
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @priority 1000
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
+ * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
+ * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
+ * displays snippets of code, for instance.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+ * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
+ * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example>
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
+         expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
+         expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
+       });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngPluralize
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
+ * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
+ * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
+ * by specifying the mappings between
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * and the strings to be displayed.
+ *
+ * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
+ * There are two
+ * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
+ * in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
+ * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
+ * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
+ * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
+ *
+ * # Configuring ngPluralize
+ * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
+ * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
+ *
+ * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
+ * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
+ *
+ * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
+ * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ *```
+ *
+ * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
+ * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
+ * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
+ * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
+ * show "a dozen people are viewing".
+ *
+ * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
+ * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
+ * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
+ * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
+ *
+ * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
+ * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
+ * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
+ * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
+ * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
+ * Let's take a look at an example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+ *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+ *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
+ * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
+ * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
+ * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
+ * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
+ * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
+ * is shown.
+ *
+ * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
+ * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
+ * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
+ * plural categories "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
+ * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
+ * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="pluralizeExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+          angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
+            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+              $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
+              $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
+              $scope.personCount = 1;
+            }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /><br/>
+          Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /><br/>
+          Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /><br/>
+
+          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
+          Without Offset:
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize><br>
+
+          <!--- Example with offset --->
+          With Offset(2):
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
+          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('0');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('2');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('3');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');
+
+          countInput.clear();
+          countInput.sendKeys('4');
+
+          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
+          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
+          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
+          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
+          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
+          personCount.clear();
+          personCount.sendKeys('4');
+          person1.clear();
+          person1.sendKeys('Di');
+          person2.clear();
+          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
+          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', function($locale, $interpolate) {
+  var BRACE = /{}/g,
+      IS_WHEN = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EA',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      var numberExp = attr.count,
+          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
+          offset = attr.offset || 0,
+          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
+          whensExpFns = {},
+          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+          braceReplacement = startSymbol + numberExp + '-' + offset + endSymbol,
+          watchRemover = angular.noop,
+          lastCount;
+
+      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
+        var tmpMatch = IS_WHEN.exec(attributeName);
+        if (tmpMatch) {
+          var whenKey = (tmpMatch[1] ? '-' : '') + lowercase(tmpMatch[2]);
+          whens[whenKey] = element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
+        }
+      });
+      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
+        whensExpFns[key] = $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, braceReplacement));
+
+      });
+
+      scope.$watch(numberExp, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
+        var count = parseFloat(newVal);
+        var countIsNaN = isNaN(count);
+
+        if (!countIsNaN && !(count in whens)) {
+          // If an explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it.
+          // Otherwise, check it against pluralization rules in $locale service.
+          count = $locale.pluralCat(count - offset);
+        }
+
+        // If both `count` and `lastCount` are NaN, we don't need to re-register a watch.
+        // In JS `NaN !== NaN`, so we have to exlicitly check.
+        if ((count !== lastCount) && !(countIsNaN && isNaN(lastCount))) {
+          watchRemover();
+          watchRemover = scope.$watch(whensExpFns[count], updateElementText);
+          lastCount = count;
+        }
+      });
+
+      function updateElementText(newText) {
+        element.text(newText || '');
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngRepeat
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
+ * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
+ * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
+ *
+ * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
+ *
+ * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
+ * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
+ * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
+ * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
+ * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
+ * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
+ * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
+ *
+ * Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
+ * This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
+ *
+ * # Iterating over object properties
+ *
+ * It is possible to get `ngRepeat` to iterate over the properties of an object using the following
+ * syntax:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in myObj"> ... </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You need to be aware that the JavaScript specification does not define what order
+ * it will return the keys for an object. In order to have a guaranteed deterministic order
+ * for the keys, Angular versions up to and including 1.3 **sort the keys alphabetically**.
+ *
+ * If this is not desired, the recommended workaround is to convert your object into an array
+ * that is sorted into the order that you prefer before providing it to `ngRepeat`.  You could
+ * do this with a filter such as [toArrayFilter](http://ngmodules.org/modules/angular-toArrayFilter)
+ * or implement a `$watch` on the object yourself.
+ *
+ * In version 1.4 we will remove the sorting, since it seems that browsers generally follow the
+ * strategy of providing keys in the order in which they were defined, although there are exceptions
+ * when keys are deleted and reinstated.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Special repeat start and end points
+ * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
+ * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
+ * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
+ * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
+ *
+ * The example below makes use of this feature:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
+ *     Header {{ item }}
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body {{ item }}
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
+ *     Footer {{ item }}
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
+ * ```html
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header A
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body A
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer A
+ *   </footer>
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header B
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body B
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer B
+ *   </footer>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
+ * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * **.enter** - when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter
+ *
+ * **.leave** - when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out
+ *
+ * **.move** - when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
+ *   formats are currently supported:
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
+ *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
+ *
+ *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
+ *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking function
+ *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking function
+ *     is specified the ng-repeat associates elements by identity in the collection. It is an error to have
+ *     more than one tracking function to resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
+ *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)  Filters should be applied to the expression,
+ *     before specifying a tracking expression.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`. This implies that the DOM elements
+ *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
+ *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
+ *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
+ *     element in the same way in the DOM.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
+ *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
+ *     property is same.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
+ *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
+ *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
+ *     when a filter is active on the repeater, but the filtered result set is empty.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
+ *     the items have been processed through the filter.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example initializes the scope to a list of names and
+ * then uses `ngRepeat` to display every person:
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-init="friends = [
+        {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
+      ]">
+        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
+        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." />
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results">
+            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length == 0">
+            <strong>No results found...</strong>
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:40px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:40px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));
+
+      it('should render initial data set', function() {
+        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
+        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
+        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
+            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
+      });
+
+       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
+
+         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');
+
+         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
+         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
+         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
+       });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', function($parse, $animate) {
+  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
+  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
+
+  var updateScope = function(scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, arrayLength) {
+    // TODO(perf): generate setters to shave off ~40ms or 1-1.5%
+    scope[valueIdentifier] = value;
+    if (keyIdentifier) scope[keyIdentifier] = key;
+    scope.$index = index;
+    scope.$first = (index === 0);
+    scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
+    scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
+    // jshint bitwise: false
+    scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
+    // jshint bitwise: true
+  };
+
+  var getBlockStart = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[0];
+  };
+
+  var getBlockEnd = function(block) {
+    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
+  };
+
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 1000,
+    terminal: true,
+    $$tlb: true,
+    compile: function ngRepeatCompile($element, $attr) {
+      var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
+      var ngRepeatEndComment = document.createComment(' end ngRepeat: ' + expression + ' ');
+
+      var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
+            expression);
+      }
+
+      var lhs = match[1];
+      var rhs = match[2];
+      var aliasAs = match[3];
+      var trackByExp = match[4];
+
+      match = lhs.match(/^(?:(\s*[\$\w]+)|\(\s*([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\s*\))$/);
+
+      if (!match) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
+            lhs);
+      }
+      var valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
+      var keyIdentifier = match[2];
+
+      if (aliasAs && (!/^[$a-zA-Z_][$a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(aliasAs) ||
+          /^(null|undefined|this|\$index|\$first|\$middle|\$last|\$even|\$odd|\$parent|\$root|\$id)$/.test(aliasAs))) {
+        throw ngRepeatMinErr('badident', "alias '{0}' is invalid --- must be a valid JS identifier which is not a reserved name.",
+          aliasAs);
+      }
+
+      var trackByExpGetter, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn;
+      var hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+
+      if (trackByExp) {
+        trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
+      } else {
+        trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
+          return hashKey(value);
+        };
+        trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
+          return key;
+        };
+      }
+
+      return function ngRepeatLink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+
+        if (trackByExpGetter) {
+          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
+            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
+            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
+            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
+            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
+            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
+          };
+        }
+
+        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
+        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
+        //   - scope: bound scope
+        //   - element: previous element.
+        //   - index: position
+        //
+        // We are using no-proto object so that we don't need to guard against inherited props via
+        // hasOwnProperty.
+        var lastBlockMap = createMap();
+
+        //watch props
+        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection) {
+          var index, length,
+              previousNode = $element[0],     // node that cloned nodes should be inserted after
+                                              // initialized to the comment node anchor
+              nextNode,
+              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
+              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
+              nextBlockMap = createMap(),
+              collectionLength,
+              key, value, // key/value of iteration
+              trackById,
+              trackByIdFn,
+              collectionKeys,
+              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
+              nextBlockOrder,
+              elementsToRemove;
+
+          if (aliasAs) {
+            $scope[aliasAs] = collection;
+          }
+
+          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
+            collectionKeys = collection;
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
+          } else {
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
+            // if object, extract keys, sort them and use to determine order of iteration over obj props
+            collectionKeys = [];
+            for (var itemKey in collection) {
+              if (collection.hasOwnProperty(itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) != '$') {
+                collectionKeys.push(itemKey);
+              }
+            }
+            collectionKeys.sort();
+          }
+
+          collectionLength = collectionKeys.length;
+          nextBlockOrder = new Array(collectionLength);
+
+          // locate existing items
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
+            if (lastBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // found previously seen block
+              block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
+            } else if (nextBlockMap[trackById]) {
+              // if collision detected. restore lastBlockMap and throw an error
+              forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
+                if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+              });
+              throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes',
+                  "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}, Duplicate value: {2}",
+                  expression, trackById, value);
+            } else {
+              // new never before seen block
+              nextBlockOrder[index] = {id: trackById, scope: undefined, clone: undefined};
+              nextBlockMap[trackById] = true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // remove leftover items
+          for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
+            block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
+            elementsToRemove = getBlockNodes(block.clone);
+            $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
+            if (elementsToRemove[0].parentNode) {
+              // if the element was not removed yet because of pending animation, mark it as deleted
+              // so that we can ignore it later
+              for (index = 0, length = elementsToRemove.length; index < length; index++) {
+                elementsToRemove[index][NG_REMOVED] = true;
+              }
+            }
+            block.scope.$destroy();
+          }
+
+          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
+          for (index = 0; index < collectionLength; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
+
+            if (block.scope) {
+              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
+              // associated scope/element
+
+              nextNode = previousNode;
+
+              // skip nodes that are already pending removal via leave animation
+              do {
+                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
+              } while (nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
+
+              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
+                // existing item which got moved
+                $animate.move(getBlockNodes(block.clone), null, jqLite(previousNode));
+              }
+              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
+              updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+            } else {
+              // new item which we don't know about
+              $transclude(function ngRepeatTransclude(clone, scope) {
+                block.scope = scope;
+                // http://jsperf.com/clone-vs-createcomment
+                var endNode = ngRepeatEndComment.cloneNode(false);
+                clone[clone.length++] = endNode;
+
+                // TODO(perf): support naked previousNode in `enter` to avoid creation of jqLite wrapper?
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, jqLite(previousNode));
+                previousNode = endNode;
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
+                block.clone = clone;
+                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+                updateScope(block.scope, index, valueIdentifier, value, keyIdentifier, key, collectionLength);
+              });
+            }
+          }
+          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var NG_HIDE_CLASS = 'ng-hide';
+var NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS = 'ng-hide-animate';
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngShow
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
+ * provided to the `ngShow` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
+ * the `.ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
+ * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a falsy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
+ * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
+ * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is !important used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
+ * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
+ * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
+ * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
+ * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
+ * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
+ * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
+ * class CSS. Note that the selector that needs to be used is actually `.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate)` to cope
+ * with extra animation classes that can be added.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate) {
+ *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
+ *
+ * ## A note about animations with `ngShow`
+ *
+ * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
+ * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
+ * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
+ * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * //
+ * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
+ * //
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   /&#42; this is required as of 1.3x to properly
+ *      apply all styling in a show/hide animation &#42;/
+ *   transition: 0s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add-active,
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove-active {
+ *   /&#42; the transition is defined in the active class &#42;/
+ *   transition: 1s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3.0-beta.11, there is no need to change the display
+ * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * addClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a truthy value and the just before contents are set to visible
+ * removeClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngShow` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
+ *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+      <div>
+        Show:
+        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div>
+        Hide:
+        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="glyphicons.css">
+      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show {
+        line-height: 20px;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active,
+      .animate-show.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
+        -webkit-transition: all linear 0.5s;
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show.ng-hide {
+        line-height: 0;
+        opacity: 0;
+        padding: 0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
+      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
+
+      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+
+        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value) {
+        // we're adding a temporary, animation-specific class for ng-hide since this way
+        // we can control when the element is actually displayed on screen without having
+        // to have a global/greedy CSS selector that breaks when other animations are run.
+        // Read: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/9103#issuecomment-58335845
+        $animate[value ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngHide
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
+ * provided to the `ngHide` attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
+ * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
+ * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value then the `.ng-hide` CSS class is added to the class
+ * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the `.ng-hide` CSS class is removed
+ * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is !important used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why !important is used for the `.ng-hide` CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
+ * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
+ * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
+ * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
+ * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
+ * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding `.ng-hide`
+ *
+ * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display: none!important`. If you wish to change
+ * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
+ * class in CSS:
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .ng-hide {
+ *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
+ *   display: block!important;
+ *   position: absolute;
+ *   top: -9999px;
+ *   left: -9999px;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
+ *
+ * ## A note about animations with `ngHide`
+ *
+ * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
+ * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that the `.ng-hide`
+ * CSS class is added and removed for you instead of your own CSS class.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * //
+ * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
+ * //
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition: 0.5s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3.0-beta.11, there is no need to change the display
+ * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * removeClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
+ * addClass: `.ng-hide` - happens after the `ngHide` expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to visible
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
+ *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+      <div>
+        Show:
+        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div>
+        Hide:
+        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="glyphicons.css">
+      @import url(../../components/bootstrap-3.1.1/css/bootstrap.css);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-hide {
+        -webkit-transition: all linear 0.5s;
+        transition: all linear 0.5s;
+        line-height: 20px;
+        opacity: 1;
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+
+      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
+        line-height: 0;
+        opacity: 0;
+        padding: 0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        padding: 10px;
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background: white;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
+      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));
+
+      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+
+        element(by.model('checked')).click();
+
+        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
+        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    multiElement: true,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value) {
+        // The comment inside of the ngShowDirective explains why we add and
+        // remove a temporary class for the show/hide animation
+        $animate[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element,NG_HIDE_CLASS, {
+          tempClasses: NG_HIDE_IN_PROGRESS_CLASS
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngStyle
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngStyle
+ *
+ * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
+ * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
+ * keys.
+ *
+ * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
+ * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
+        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
+        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
+        <br/>
+        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
+        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       span {
+         color: black;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));
+
+       it('should check ng-style', function() {
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
+         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)');
+         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
+         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
+  scope.$watchCollection(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
+    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
+      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
+    }
+    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
+  });
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngSwitch
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
+ * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
+ * as specified in the template.
+ *
+ * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
+ * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
+ * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
+ * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
+ * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
+ * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
+ * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
+ * attribute is displayed.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
+ * as literal string values to match against.
+ * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
+ * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
+ * </div>
+
+ * @animations
+ * enter - happens after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container
+ * leave - happens just after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```
+ * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
+ * </ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1200
+ * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <tt>ng-switch-when</tt>.
+ * On child elements add:
+ *
+ * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
+ *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
+ *   elements will be displayed.
+ * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
+ *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
+ *   case match.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
+        </select>
+        <tt>selection={{selection}}</tt>
+        <hr/>
+        <div class="animate-switch-container"
+          ng-switch on="selection">
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
+        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
+          $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
+        }]);
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-switch-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
+        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
+      var select = element(by.model('selection'));
+
+      it('should start in settings', function() {
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should change to home', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
+      });
+      it('should select default', function() {
+        select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
+        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EA',
+    require: 'ngSwitch',
+
+    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
+     this.cases = {};
+    }],
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
+      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
+          selectedTranscludes = [],
+          selectedElements = [],
+          previousLeaveAnimations = [],
+          selectedScopes = [];
+
+      var spliceFactory = function(array, index) {
+          return function() { array.splice(index, 1); };
+      };
+
+      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
+        var i, ii;
+        for (i = 0, ii = previousLeaveAnimations.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          $animate.cancel(previousLeaveAnimations[i]);
+        }
+        previousLeaveAnimations.length = 0;
+
+        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
+          var selected = getBlockNodes(selectedElements[i].clone);
+          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
+          var promise = previousLeaveAnimations[i] = $animate.leave(selected);
+          promise.then(spliceFactory(previousLeaveAnimations, i));
+        }
+
+        selectedElements.length = 0;
+        selectedScopes.length = 0;
+
+        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
+          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
+            selectedTransclude.transclude(function(caseElement, selectedScope) {
+              selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
+              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
+              caseElement[caseElement.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngSwitchWhen: ');
+              var block = { clone: caseElement };
+
+              selectedElements.push(block);
+              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+  }
+});
+
+var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 1200,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  multiElement: true,
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+   }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ngTransclude
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
+ *
+ * Any existing content of the element that this directive is placed on will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="transcludeExample">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('transcludeExample', [])
+          .directive('pane', function(){
+             return {
+               restrict: 'E',
+               transclude: true,
+               scope: { title:'@' },
+               template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+                           '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
+                           '<ng-transclude></ng-transclude>' +
+                         '</div>'
+             };
+         })
+         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+           $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+           $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+         }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+         <input ng-model="title"> <br/>
+         <textarea ng-model="text"></textarea> <br/>
+         <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+        it('should have transcluded', function() {
+          var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
+          titleElement.clear();
+          titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
+          var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
+          textElement.clear();
+          textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
+          expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
+          expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
+        });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngTranscludeDirective = ngDirective({
+  restrict: 'EAC',
+  link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
+    if (!$transclude) {
+      throw minErr('ngTransclude')('orphan',
+       'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
+       'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
+       'Element: {0}',
+       startingTag($element));
+    }
+
+    $transclude(function(clone) {
+      $element.empty();
+      $element.append(clone);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name script
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
+ * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
+ * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
+ * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
+ * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
+ * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
+        Content of the template.
+      </script>
+
+      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
+      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
+        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
+        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
+        var templateUrl = attr.id,
+            text = element[0].text;
+
+        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name select
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
+ *
+ * # `ngOptions`
+ *
+ * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
+ * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
+ * `ngOptions` comprehension expression.
+ *
+ * In many cases, `ngRepeat` can be used on `<option>` elements instead of `ngOptions` to achieve a
+ * similar result. However, `ngOptions` provides some benefits such as reducing memory and
+ * increasing speed by not creating a new scope for each repeated instance, as well as providing
+ * more flexibility in how the `<select>`'s model is assigned via the `select` **`as`** part of the
+ * comprehension expression. `ngOptions` should be used when the `<select>` model needs to be bound
+ *  to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only be bound to string values at
+ * present.
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
+ * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
+ * directive.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** `ngModel` compares by reference, not value. This is important when binding to an
+ * array of objects. See an example [in this jsfiddle](http://jsfiddle.net/qWzTb/).
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ## `select` **`as`**
+ *
+ * Using `select` **`as`** will bind the result of the `select` expression to the model, but
+ * the value of the `<select>` and `<option>` html elements will be either the index (for array data sources)
+ * or property name (for object data sources) of the value within the collection. If a **`track by`** expression
+ * is used, the result of that expression will be set as the value of the `option` and `select` elements.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### `select` **`as`** and **`track by`**
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * Do not use `select` **`as`** and **`track by`** in the same expression. They are not designed to work together.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Consider the following example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <select ng-options="item.subItem as item.label for item in values track by item.id" ng-model="selected">
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $scope.values = [{
+ *   id: 1,
+ *   label: 'aLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'aSubItem' }
+ * }, {
+ *   id: 2,
+ *   label: 'bLabel',
+ *   subItem: { name: 'bSubItem' }
+ * }];
+ *
+ * $scope.selected = { name: 'aSubItem' };
+ * ```
+ *
+ * With the purpose of preserving the selection, the **`track by`** expression is always applied to the element
+ * of the data source (to `item` in this example). To calculate whether an element is selected, we do the
+ * following:
+ *
+ * 1. Apply **`track by`** to the elements in the array. In the example: `[1, 2]`
+ * 2. Apply **`track by`** to the already selected value in `ngModel`.
+ *    In the example: this is not possible as **`track by`** refers to `item.id`, but the selected
+ *    value from `ngModel` is `{name: 'aSubItem'}`, so the **`track by`** expression is applied to
+ *    a wrong object, the selected element can't be found, `<select>` is always reset to the "not
+ *    selected" option.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
+ *
+ *   * for array data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` | orderBy:`orderexpr` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *        (for including a filter with `track by`)
+ *   * for object data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *
+ * Where:
+ *
+ *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
+ *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
+ *      of `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
+ *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
+ *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
+ *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
+ *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
+ *      DOM element.
+ *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
+ *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
+ *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`). With this the selection is preserved
+ *      even when the options are recreated (e.g. reloaded from the server).
+ *
+ * @example
+    <example module="selectExample">
+      <file name="index.html">
+        <script>
+        angular.module('selectExample', [])
+          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+            $scope.colors = [
+              {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'white', shade:'light'},
+              {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'blue', shade:'dark'},
+              {name:'yellow', shade:'light'}
+            ];
+            $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
+          }]);
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+          <ul>
+            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
+              Name: <input ng-model="color.name">
+              [<a href ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)">X</a>]
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              [<a href ng-click="colors.push({})">add</a>]
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+          <hr/>
+          Color (null not allowed):
+          <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select><br>
+
+          Color (null allowed):
+          <span  class="nullable">
+            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
+              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
+            </select>
+          </span><br/>
+
+          Color grouped by shade:
+          <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
+          </select><br/>
+
+
+          Select <a href ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</a>.<br>
+          <hr/>
+          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor} }}
+          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
+               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </file>
+      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+         it('should check ng-options', function() {
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
+           element.all(by.model('myColor')).first().click();
+           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
+           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
+           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
+           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
+         });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+
+var ngOptionsDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'A',
+  terminal: true
+});
+
+// jshint maxlen: false
+var selectDirective = ['$compile', '$parse', function($compile,   $parse) {
+                         //000011111111110000000000022222222220000000000000000000003333333333000000000000004444444444444440000000005555555555555550000000666666666666666000000000000000777777777700000000000000000008888888888
+  var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/,
+      nullModelCtrl = {$setViewValue: noop};
+// jshint maxlen: 100
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
+    controller: ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function($element, $scope, $attrs) {
+      var self = this,
+          optionsMap = {},
+          ngModelCtrl = nullModelCtrl,
+          nullOption,
+          unknownOption;
+
+
+      self.databound = $attrs.ngModel;
+
+
+      self.init = function(ngModelCtrl_, nullOption_, unknownOption_) {
+        ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
+        nullOption = nullOption_;
+        unknownOption = unknownOption_;
+      };
+
+
+      self.addOption = function(value, element) {
+        assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
+        optionsMap[value] = true;
+
+        if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
+          $element.val(value);
+          if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
+        }
+        // Workaround for https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=381459
+        // Adding an <option selected="selected"> element to a <select required="required"> should
+        // automatically select the new element
+        if (element && element[0].hasAttribute('selected')) {
+          element[0].selected = true;
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      self.removeOption = function(value) {
+        if (this.hasOption(value)) {
+          delete optionsMap[value];
+          if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue === value) {
+            this.renderUnknownOption(value);
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
+        var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+        unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+        $element.prepend(unknownOption);
+        $element.val(unknownVal);
+        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
+      };
+
+
+      self.hasOption = function(value) {
+        return optionsMap.hasOwnProperty(value);
+      };
+
+      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
+        self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
+      });
+    }],
+
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      if (!ctrls[1]) return;
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0],
+          ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1],
+          multiple = attr.multiple,
+          optionsExp = attr.ngOptions,
+          nullOption = false, // if false, user will not be able to select it (used by ngOptions)
+          emptyOption,
+          renderScheduled = false,
+          // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+          // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+          optionTemplate = jqLite(document.createElement('option')),
+          optGroupTemplate =jqLite(document.createElement('optgroup')),
+          unknownOption = optionTemplate.clone();
+
+      // find "null" option
+      for (var i = 0, children = element.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        if (children[i].value === '') {
+          emptyOption = nullOption = children.eq(i);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      selectCtrl.init(ngModelCtrl, nullOption, unknownOption);
+
+      // required validator
+      if (multiple) {
+        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+          return !value || value.length === 0;
+        };
+      }
+
+      if (optionsExp) setupAsOptions(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
+      else if (multiple) setupAsMultiple(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
+      else setupAsSingle(scope, element, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl);
+
+
+      ////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+      function setupAsSingle(scope, selectElement, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl) {
+        ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
+          var viewValue = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
+
+          if (selectCtrl.hasOption(viewValue)) {
+            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
+            selectElement.val(viewValue);
+            if (viewValue === '') emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
+          } else {
+            if (isUndefined(viewValue) && emptyOption) {
+              selectElement.val('');
+            } else {
+              selectCtrl.renderUnknownOption(viewValue);
+            }
+          }
+        };
+
+        selectElement.on('change', function() {
+          scope.$apply(function() {
+            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
+            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectElement.val());
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+      function setupAsMultiple(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
+        var lastView;
+        ctrl.$render = function() {
+          var items = new HashMap(ctrl.$viewValue);
+          forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
+            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
+          });
+        };
+
+        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
+        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
+        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
+          if (!equals(lastView, ctrl.$viewValue)) {
+            lastView = shallowCopy(ctrl.$viewValue);
+            ctrl.$render();
+          }
+        });
+
+        selectElement.on('change', function() {
+          scope.$apply(function() {
+            var array = [];
+            forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
+              if (option.selected) {
+                array.push(option.value);
+              }
+            });
+            ctrl.$setViewValue(array);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+      function setupAsOptions(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
+        var match;
+
+        if (!(match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP))) {
+          throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
+            "Expected expression in form of " +
+            "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
+            " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
+            optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
+        }
+
+        var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]),
+            valueName = match[4] || match[6],
+            selectAs = / as /.test(match[0]) && match[1],
+            selectAsFn = selectAs ? $parse(selectAs) : null,
+            keyName = match[5],
+            groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || ''),
+            valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName),
+            valuesFn = $parse(match[7]),
+            track = match[8],
+            trackFn = track ? $parse(match[8]) : null,
+            trackKeysCache = {},
+            // This is an array of array of existing option groups in DOM.
+            // We try to reuse these if possible
+            // - optionGroupsCache[0] is the options with no option group
+            // - optionGroupsCache[?][0] is the parent: either the SELECT or OPTGROUP element
+            optionGroupsCache = [[{element: selectElement, label:''}]],
+            //re-usable object to represent option's locals
+            locals = {};
+
+        if (nullOption) {
+          // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
+          $compile(nullOption)(scope);
+
+          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
+          // becomes the compilation root
+          nullOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+
+          // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
+          // remove the label from the element. wtf?
+          nullOption.remove();
+        }
+
+        // clear contents, we'll add what's needed based on the model
+        selectElement.empty();
+
+        selectElement.on('change', selectionChanged);
+
+        ctrl.$render = render;
+
+        scope.$watchCollection(valuesFn, scheduleRendering);
+        scope.$watchCollection(getLabels, scheduleRendering);
+
+        if (multiple) {
+          scope.$watchCollection(function() { return ctrl.$modelValue; }, scheduleRendering);
+        }
+
+        // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
+
+        function callExpression(exprFn, key, value) {
+          locals[valueName] = value;
+          if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
+          return exprFn(scope, locals);
+        }
+
+        function selectionChanged() {
+          scope.$apply(function() {
+            var collection = valuesFn(scope) || [];
+            var viewValue;
+            if (multiple) {
+              viewValue = [];
+              forEach(selectElement.val(), function(selectedKey) {
+                  selectedKey = trackFn ? trackKeysCache[selectedKey] : selectedKey;
+                viewValue.push(getViewValue(selectedKey, collection[selectedKey]));
+              });
+            } else {
+              var selectedKey = trackFn ? trackKeysCache[selectElement.val()] : selectElement.val();
+              viewValue = getViewValue(selectedKey, collection[selectedKey]);
+            }
+            ctrl.$setViewValue(viewValue);
+            render();
+          });
+        }
+
+        function getViewValue(key, value) {
+          if (key === '?') {
+            return undefined;
+          } else if (key === '') {
+            return null;
+          } else {
+            var viewValueFn = selectAsFn ? selectAsFn : valueFn;
+            return callExpression(viewValueFn, key, value);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function getLabels() {
+          var values = valuesFn(scope);
+          var toDisplay;
+          if (values && isArray(values)) {
+            toDisplay = new Array(values.length);
+            for (var i = 0, ii = values.length; i < ii; i++) {
+              toDisplay[i] = callExpression(displayFn, i, values[i]);
+            }
+            return toDisplay;
+          } else if (values) {
+            // TODO: Add a test for this case
+            toDisplay = {};
+            for (var prop in values) {
+              if (values.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
+                toDisplay[prop] = callExpression(displayFn, prop, values[prop]);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return toDisplay;
+        }
+
+        function createIsSelectedFn(viewValue) {
+          var selectedSet;
+          if (multiple) {
+            if (trackFn && isArray(viewValue)) {
+
+              selectedSet = new HashMap([]);
+              for (var trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < viewValue.length; trackIndex++) {
+                // tracking by key
+                selectedSet.put(callExpression(trackFn, null, viewValue[trackIndex]), true);
+              }
+            } else {
+              selectedSet = new HashMap(viewValue);
+            }
+          } else if (trackFn) {
+            viewValue = callExpression(trackFn, null, viewValue);
+          }
+
+          return function isSelected(key, value) {
+            var compareValueFn;
+            if (trackFn) {
+              compareValueFn = trackFn;
+            } else if (selectAsFn) {
+              compareValueFn = selectAsFn;
+            } else {
+              compareValueFn = valueFn;
+            }
+
+            if (multiple) {
+              return isDefined(selectedSet.remove(callExpression(compareValueFn, key, value)));
+            } else {
+              return viewValue === callExpression(compareValueFn, key, value);
+            }
+          };
+        }
+
+        function scheduleRendering() {
+          if (!renderScheduled) {
+            scope.$$postDigest(render);
+            renderScheduled = true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * A new labelMap is created with each render.
+         * This function is called for each existing option with added=false,
+         * and each new option with added=true.
+         * - Labels that are passed to this method twice,
+         * (once with added=true and once with added=false) will end up with a value of 0, and
+         * will cause no change to happen to the corresponding option.
+         * - Labels that are passed to this method only once with added=false will end up with a
+         * value of -1 and will eventually be passed to selectCtrl.removeOption()
+         * - Labels that are passed to this method only once with added=true will end up with a
+         * value of 1 and will eventually be passed to selectCtrl.addOption()
+        */
+        function updateLabelMap(labelMap, label, added) {
+          labelMap[label] = labelMap[label] || 0;
+          labelMap[label] += (added ? 1 : -1);
+        }
+
+        function render() {
+          renderScheduled = false;
+
+          // Temporary location for the option groups before we render them
+          var optionGroups = {'':[]},
+              optionGroupNames = [''],
+              optionGroupName,
+              optionGroup,
+              option,
+              existingParent, existingOptions, existingOption,
+              viewValue = ctrl.$viewValue,
+              values = valuesFn(scope) || [],
+              keys = keyName ? sortedKeys(values) : values,
+              key,
+              value,
+              groupLength, length,
+              groupIndex, index,
+              labelMap = {},
+              selected,
+              isSelected = createIsSelectedFn(viewValue),
+              anySelected = false,
+              lastElement,
+              element,
+              label,
+              optionId;
+
+          trackKeysCache = {};
+
+          // We now build up the list of options we need (we merge later)
+          for (index = 0; length = keys.length, index < length; index++) {
+            key = index;
+            if (keyName) {
+              key = keys[index];
+              if (key.charAt(0) === '$') continue;
+            }
+            value = values[key];
+
+            optionGroupName = callExpression(groupByFn, key, value) || '';
+            if (!(optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName])) {
+              optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName] = [];
+              optionGroupNames.push(optionGroupName);
+            }
+
+            selected = isSelected(key, value);
+            anySelected = anySelected || selected;
+
+            label = callExpression(displayFn, key, value); // what will be seen by the user
+
+            // doing displayFn(scope, locals) || '' overwrites zero values
+            label = isDefined(label) ? label : '';
+            optionId = trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : (keyName ? keys[index] : index);
+            if (trackFn) {
+              trackKeysCache[optionId] = key;
+            }
+
+            optionGroup.push({
+              // either the index into array or key from object
+              id: optionId,
+              label: label,
+              selected: selected                   // determine if we should be selected
+            });
+          }
+          if (!multiple) {
+            if (nullOption || viewValue === null) {
+              // insert null option if we have a placeholder, or the model is null
+              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'', label:'', selected:!anySelected});
+            } else if (!anySelected) {
+              // option could not be found, we have to insert the undefined item
+              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'?', label:'', selected:true});
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Now we need to update the list of DOM nodes to match the optionGroups we computed above
+          for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupNames.length;
+               groupIndex < groupLength;
+               groupIndex++) {
+            // current option group name or '' if no group
+            optionGroupName = optionGroupNames[groupIndex];
+
+            // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
+            optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName];
+
+            if (optionGroupsCache.length <= groupIndex) {
+              // we need to grow the optionGroups
+              existingParent = {
+                element: optGroupTemplate.clone().attr('label', optionGroupName),
+                label: optionGroup.label
+              };
+              existingOptions = [existingParent];
+              optionGroupsCache.push(existingOptions);
+              selectElement.append(existingParent.element);
+            } else {
+              existingOptions = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];
+              existingParent = existingOptions[0];  // either SELECT (no group) or OPTGROUP element
+
+              // update the OPTGROUP label if not the same.
+              if (existingParent.label != optionGroupName) {
+                existingParent.element.attr('label', existingParent.label = optionGroupName);
+              }
+            }
+
+            lastElement = null;  // start at the beginning
+            for (index = 0, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
+              option = optionGroup[index];
+              if ((existingOption = existingOptions[index + 1])) {
+                // reuse elements
+                lastElement = existingOption.element;
+                if (existingOption.label !== option.label) {
+                  updateLabelMap(labelMap, existingOption.label, false);
+                  updateLabelMap(labelMap, option.label, true);
+                  lastElement.text(existingOption.label = option.label);
+                  lastElement.prop('label', existingOption.label);
+                }
+                if (existingOption.id !== option.id) {
+                  lastElement.val(existingOption.id = option.id);
+                }
+                // lastElement.prop('selected') provided by jQuery has side-effects
+                if (lastElement[0].selected !== option.selected) {
+                  lastElement.prop('selected', (existingOption.selected = option.selected));
+                  if (msie) {
+                    // See #7692
+                    // The selected item wouldn't visually update on IE without this.
+                    // Tested on Win7: IE9, IE10 and IE11. Future IEs should be tested as well
+                    lastElement.prop('selected', existingOption.selected);
+                  }
+                }
+              } else {
+                // grow elements
+
+                // if it's a null option
+                if (option.id === '' && nullOption) {
+                  // put back the pre-compiled element
+                  element = nullOption;
+                } else {
+                  // jQuery(v1.4.2) Bug: We should be able to chain the method calls, but
+                  // in this version of jQuery on some browser the .text() returns a string
+                  // rather then the element.
+                  (element = optionTemplate.clone())
+                      .val(option.id)
+                      .prop('selected', option.selected)
+                      .attr('selected', option.selected)
+                      .prop('label', option.label)
+                      .text(option.label);
+                }
+
+                existingOptions.push(existingOption = {
+                    element: element,
+                    label: option.label,
+                    id: option.id,
+                    selected: option.selected
+                });
+                updateLabelMap(labelMap, option.label, true);
+                if (lastElement) {
+                  lastElement.after(element);
+                } else {
+                  existingParent.element.append(element);
+                }
+                lastElement = element;
+              }
+            }
+            // remove any excessive OPTIONs in a group
+            index++; // increment since the existingOptions[0] is parent element not OPTION
+            while (existingOptions.length > index) {
+              option = existingOptions.pop();
+              updateLabelMap(labelMap, option.label, false);
+              option.element.remove();
+            }
+          }
+          // remove any excessive OPTGROUPs from select
+          while (optionGroupsCache.length > groupIndex) {
+            // remove all the labels in the option group
+            optionGroup = optionGroupsCache.pop();
+            for (index = 1; index < optionGroup.length; ++index) {
+              updateLabelMap(labelMap, optionGroup[index].label, false);
+            }
+            optionGroup[0].element.remove();
+          }
+          forEach(labelMap, function(count, label) {
+            if (count > 0) {
+              selectCtrl.addOption(label);
+            } else if (count < 0) {
+              selectCtrl.removeOption(label);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
+  var nullSelectCtrl = {
+    addOption: noop,
+    removeOption: noop
+  };
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (isUndefined(attr.value)) {
+        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
+        if (!interpolateFn) {
+          attr.$set('value', element.text());
+        }
+      }
+
+      return function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
+            parent = element.parent(),
+            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
+              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup
+
+        if (!selectCtrl || !selectCtrl.databound) {
+          selectCtrl = nullSelectCtrl;
+        }
+
+        if (interpolateFn) {
+          scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+            attr.$set('value', newVal);
+            if (oldVal !== newVal) {
+              selectCtrl.removeOption(oldVal);
+            }
+            selectCtrl.addOption(newVal, element);
+          });
+        } else {
+          selectCtrl.addOption(attr.value, element);
+        }
+
+        element.on('$destroy', function() {
+          selectCtrl.removeOption(attr.value);
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var styleDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  terminal: false
+});
+
+var requiredDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+
+      ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return !attr.required || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
+      };
+
+      attr.$observe('required', function() {
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+var patternDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var regexp, patternExp = attr.ngPattern || attr.pattern;
+      attr.$observe('pattern', function(regex) {
+        if (isString(regex) && regex.length > 0) {
+          regex = new RegExp('^' + regex + '$');
+        }
+
+        if (regex && !regex.test) {
+          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
+            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
+            regex, startingTag(elm));
+        }
+
+        regexp = regex || undefined;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+
+      ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(value) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(value);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+var maxlengthDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var maxlength = -1;
+      attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
+        var intVal = int(value);
+        maxlength = isNaN(intVal) ? -1 : intVal;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return (maxlength < 0) || ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || (viewValue.length <= maxlength);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+var minlengthDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+
+      var minlength = 0;
+      attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
+        minlength = int(value) || 0;
+        ctrl.$validate();
+      });
+      ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
+        return ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue) || viewValue.length >= minlength;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+  if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
+    //AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
+    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once.');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  //try to bind to jquery now so that one can write jqLite(document).ready()
+  //but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
+  bindJQuery();
+
+  publishExternalAPI(angular);
+
+  jqLite(document).ready(function() {
+    angularInit(document, bootstrap);
+  });
+
+})(window, document);
+
+!window.angular.$$csp() && window.angular.element(document).find('head').prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-hide-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}</style>');
+
+/*!
+ * ionic.bundle.js is a concatenation of:
+ * ionic.js, angular.js, angular-animate.js,
+ * angular-sanitize.js, angular-ui-router.js,
+ * and ionic-angular.js
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.3.13
+ * (c) 2010-2014 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, angular, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+/* jshint maxlen: false */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ngAnimate
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `ngAnimate` module provides support for JavaScript, CSS3 transition and CSS3 keyframe animation hooks within existing core and custom directives.
+ *
+ * <div doc-module-components="ngAnimate"></div>
+ *
+ * # Usage
+ *
+ * To see animations in action, all that is required is to define the appropriate CSS classes
+ * or to register a JavaScript animation via the `myModule.animation()` function. The directives that support animation automatically are:
+ * `ngRepeat`, `ngInclude`, `ngIf`, `ngSwitch`, `ngShow`, `ngHide`, `ngView` and `ngClass`. Custom directives can take advantage of animation
+ * by using the `$animate` service.
+ *
+ * Below is a more detailed breakdown of the supported animation events provided by pre-existing ng directives:
+ *
+ * | Directive                                                                                                | Supported Animations                                                     |
+ * |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat#animations ngRepeat}                                                        | enter, leave and move                                                    |
+ * | {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView#animations ngView}                                                       | enter and leave                                                          |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngInclude#animations ngInclude}                                                      | enter and leave                                                          |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngSwitch#animations ngSwitch}                                                        | enter and leave                                                          |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngIf#animations ngIf}                                                                | enter and leave                                                          |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngClass#animations ngClass}                                                          | add and remove (the CSS class(es) present)                               |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:ngShow#animations ngShow} & {@link ng.directive:ngHide#animations ngHide}            | add and remove (the ng-hide class value)                                 |
+ * | {@link ng.directive:form#animation-hooks form} & {@link ng.directive:ngModel#animation-hooks ngModel}    | add and remove (dirty, pristine, valid, invalid & all other validations) |
+ * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessages}                                                          | add and remove (ng-active & ng-inactive)                                 |
+ * | {@link module:ngMessages#animations ngMessage}                                                           | enter and leave                                                          |
+ *
+ * You can find out more information about animations upon visiting each directive page.
+ *
+ * Below is an example of how to apply animations to a directive that supports animation hooks:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <style type="text/css">
+ * .slide.ng-enter, .slide.ng-leave {
+ *   -webkit-transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .slide.ng-enter { }        /&#42; starting animations for enter &#42;/
+ * .slide.ng-enter.ng-enter-active { } /&#42; terminal animations for enter &#42;/
+ * .slide.ng-leave { }        /&#42; starting animations for leave &#42;/
+ * .slide.ng-leave.ng-leave-active { } /&#42; terminal animations for leave &#42;/
+ * </style>
+ *
+ * <!--
+ * the animate service will automatically add .ng-enter and .ng-leave to the element
+ * to trigger the CSS transition/animations
+ * -->
+ * <ANY class="slide" ng-include="..."></ANY>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Keep in mind that, by default, if an animation is running, any child elements cannot be animated
+ * until the parent element's animation has completed. This blocking feature can be overridden by
+ * placing the `ng-animate-children` attribute on a parent container tag.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <div class="slide-animation" ng-if="on" ng-animate-children>
+ *   <div class="fade-animation" ng-if="on">
+ *     <div class="explode-animation" ng-if="on">
+ *        ...
+ *     </div>
+ *   </div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * When the `on` expression value changes and an animation is triggered then each of the elements within
+ * will all animate without the block being applied to child elements.
+ *
+ * ## Are animations run when the application starts?
+ * No they are not. When an application is bootstrapped Angular will disable animations from running to avoid
+ * a frenzy of animations from being triggered as soon as the browser has rendered the screen. For this to work,
+ * Angular will wait for two digest cycles until enabling animations. From there on, any animation-triggering
+ * layout changes in the application will trigger animations as normal.
+ *
+ * In addition, upon bootstrap, if the routing system or any directives or load remote data (via $http) then Angular
+ * will automatically extend the wait time to enable animations once **all** of the outbound HTTP requests
+ * are complete.
+ *
+ * ## CSS-defined Animations
+ * The animate service will automatically apply two CSS classes to the animated element and these two CSS classes
+ * are designed to contain the start and end CSS styling. Both CSS transitions and keyframe animations are supported
+ * and can be used to play along with this naming structure.
+ *
+ * The following code below demonstrates how to perform animations using **CSS transitions** with Angular:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <style type="text/css">
+ * /&#42;
+ *  The animate class is apart of the element and the ng-enter class
+ *  is attached to the element once the enter animation event is triggered
+ * &#42;/
+ * .reveal-animation.ng-enter {
+ *  -webkit-transition: 1s linear all; /&#42; Safari/Chrome &#42;/
+ *  transition: 1s linear all; /&#42; All other modern browsers and IE10+ &#42;/
+ *
+ *  /&#42; The animation preparation code &#42;/
+ *  opacity: 0;
+ * }
+ *
+ * /&#42;
+ *  Keep in mind that you want to combine both CSS
+ *  classes together to avoid any CSS-specificity
+ *  conflicts
+ * &#42;/
+ * .reveal-animation.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+ *  /&#42; The animation code itself &#42;/
+ *  opacity: 1;
+ * }
+ * </style>
+ *
+ * <div class="view-container">
+ *   <div ng-view class="reveal-animation"></div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The following code below demonstrates how to perform animations using **CSS animations** with Angular:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <style type="text/css">
+ * .reveal-animation.ng-enter {
+ *   -webkit-animation: enter_sequence 1s linear; /&#42; Safari/Chrome &#42;/
+ *   animation: enter_sequence 1s linear; /&#42; IE10+ and Future Browsers &#42;/
+ * }
+ * @-webkit-keyframes enter_sequence {
+ *   from { opacity:0; }
+ *   to { opacity:1; }
+ * }
+ * @keyframes enter_sequence {
+ *   from { opacity:0; }
+ *   to { opacity:1; }
+ * }
+ * </style>
+ *
+ * <div class="view-container">
+ *   <div ng-view class="reveal-animation"></div>
+ * </div>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Both CSS3 animations and transitions can be used together and the animate service will figure out the correct duration and delay timing.
+ *
+ * Upon DOM mutation, the event class is added first (something like `ng-enter`), then the browser prepares itself to add
+ * the active class (in this case `ng-enter-active`) which then triggers the animation. The animation module will automatically
+ * detect the CSS code to determine when the animation ends. Once the animation is over then both CSS classes will be
+ * removed from the DOM. If a browser does not support CSS transitions or CSS animations then the animation will start and end
+ * immediately resulting in a DOM element that is at its final state. This final state is when the DOM element
+ * has no CSS transition/animation classes applied to it.
+ *
+ * ### Structural transition animations
+ *
+ * Structural transitions (such as enter, leave and move) will always apply a `0s none` transition
+ * value to force the browser into rendering the styles defined in the setup (`.ng-enter`, `.ng-leave`
+ * or `.ng-move`) class. This means that any active transition animations operating on the element
+ * will be cut off to make way for the enter, leave or move animation.
+ *
+ * ### Class-based transition animations
+ *
+ * Class-based transitions refer to transition animations that are triggered when a CSS class is
+ * added to or removed from the element (via `$animate.addClass`, `$animate.removeClass`,
+ * `$animate.setClass`, or by directives such as `ngClass`, `ngModel` and `form`).
+ * They are different when compared to structural animations since they **do not cancel existing
+ * animations** nor do they **block successive transitions** from rendering on the same element.
+ * This distinction allows for **multiple class-based transitions** to be performed on the same element.
+ *
+ * In addition to ngAnimate supporting the default (natural) functionality of class-based transition
+ * animations, ngAnimate also decorates the element with starting and ending CSS classes to aid the
+ * developer in further styling the element throughout the transition animation. Earlier versions
+ * of ngAnimate may have caused natural CSS transitions to break and not render properly due to
+ * $animate temporarily blocking transitions using `0s none` in order to allow the setup CSS class
+ * (the `-add` or `-remove` class) to be applied without triggering an animation. However, as of
+ * **version 1.3**, this workaround has been removed with ngAnimate and all non-ngAnimate CSS
+ * class transitions are compatible with ngAnimate.
+ *
+ * There is, however, one special case when dealing with class-based transitions in ngAnimate.
+ * When rendering class-based transitions that make use of the setup and active CSS classes
+ * (e.g. `.fade-add` and `.fade-add-active` for when `.fade` is added) be sure to define
+ * the transition value **on the active CSS class** and not the setup class.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .fade-add {
+ *   /&#42; remember to place a 0s transition here
+ *      to ensure that the styles are applied instantly
+ *      even if the element already has a transition style &#42;/
+ *   transition:0s linear all;
+ *
+ *   /&#42; starting CSS styles &#42;/
+ *   opacity:1;
+ * }
+ * .fade-add.fade-add-active {
+ *   /&#42; this will be the length of the animation &#42;/
+ *   transition:1s linear all;
+ *   opacity:0;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * The setup CSS class (in this case `.fade-add`) also has a transition style property, however, it
+ * has a duration of zero. This may not be required, however, incase the browser is unable to render
+ * the styling present in this CSS class instantly then it could be that the browser is attempting
+ * to perform an unnecessary transition.
+ *
+ * This workaround, however, does not apply to  standard class-based transitions that are rendered
+ * when a CSS class containing a transition is applied to an element:
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * /&#42; this works as expected &#42;/
+ * .fade {
+ *   transition:1s linear all;
+ *   opacity:0;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Please keep this in mind when coding the CSS markup that will be used within class-based transitions.
+ * Also, try not to mix the two class-based animation flavors together since the CSS code may become
+ * overly complex.
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Preventing Collisions With Third Party Libraries
+ *
+ * Some third-party frameworks place animation duration defaults across many element or className
+ * selectors in order to make their code small and reuseable. This can lead to issues with ngAnimate, which
+ * is expecting actual animations on these elements and has to wait for their completion.
+ *
+ * You can prevent this unwanted behavior by using a prefix on all your animation classes:
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * /&#42; prefixed with animate- &#42;/
+ * .animate-fade-add.animate-fade-add-active {
+ *   transition:1s linear all;
+ *   opacity:0;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * You then configure `$animate` to enforce this prefix:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $animateProvider.classNameFilter(/animate-/);
+ * ```
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ### CSS Staggering Animations
+ * A Staggering animation is a collection of animations that are issued with a slight delay in between each successive operation resulting in a
+ * curtain-like effect. The ngAnimate module (versions >=1.2) supports staggering animations and the stagger effect can be
+ * performed by creating a **ng-EVENT-stagger** CSS class and attaching that class to the base CSS class used for
+ * the animation. The style property expected within the stagger class can either be a **transition-delay** or an
+ * **animation-delay** property (or both if your animation contains both transitions and keyframe animations).
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .my-animation.ng-enter {
+ *   /&#42; standard transition code &#42;/
+ *   -webkit-transition: 1s linear all;
+ *   transition: 1s linear all;
+ *   opacity:0;
+ * }
+ * .my-animation.ng-enter-stagger {
+ *   /&#42; this will have a 100ms delay between each successive leave animation &#42;/
+ *   -webkit-transition-delay: 0.1s;
+ *   transition-delay: 0.1s;
+ *
+ *   /&#42; in case the stagger doesn't work then these two values
+ *    must be set to 0 to avoid an accidental CSS inheritance &#42;/
+ *   -webkit-transition-duration: 0s;
+ *   transition-duration: 0s;
+ * }
+ * .my-animation.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+ *   /&#42; standard transition styles &#42;/
+ *   opacity:1;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Staggering animations work by default in ngRepeat (so long as the CSS class is defined). Outside of ngRepeat, to use staggering animations
+ * on your own, they can be triggered by firing multiple calls to the same event on $animate. However, the restrictions surrounding this
+ * are that each of the elements must have the same CSS className value as well as the same parent element. A stagger operation
+ * will also be reset if more than 10ms has passed after the last animation has been fired.
+ *
+ * The following code will issue the **ng-leave-stagger** event on the element provided:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var kids = parent.children();
+ *
+ * $animate.leave(kids[0]); //stagger index=0
+ * $animate.leave(kids[1]); //stagger index=1
+ * $animate.leave(kids[2]); //stagger index=2
+ * $animate.leave(kids[3]); //stagger index=3
+ * $animate.leave(kids[4]); //stagger index=4
+ *
+ * $timeout(function() {
+ *   //stagger has reset itself
+ *   $animate.leave(kids[5]); //stagger index=0
+ *   $animate.leave(kids[6]); //stagger index=1
+ * }, 100, false);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Stagger animations are currently only supported within CSS-defined animations.
+ *
+ * ## JavaScript-defined Animations
+ * In the event that you do not want to use CSS3 transitions or CSS3 animations or if you wish to offer animations on browsers that do not
+ * yet support CSS transitions/animations, then you can make use of JavaScript animations defined inside of your AngularJS module.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * //!annotate="YourApp" Your AngularJS Module|Replace this or ngModule with the module that you used to define your application.
+ * var ngModule = angular.module('YourApp', ['ngAnimate']);
+ * ngModule.animation('.my-crazy-animation', function() {
+ *   return {
+ *     enter: function(element, done) {
+ *       //run the animation here and call done when the animation is complete
+ *       return function(cancelled) {
+ *         //this (optional) function will be called when the animation
+ *         //completes or when the animation is cancelled (the cancelled
+ *         //flag will be set to true if cancelled).
+ *       };
+ *     },
+ *     leave: function(element, done) { },
+ *     move: function(element, done) { },
+ *
+ *     //animation that can be triggered before the class is added
+ *     beforeAddClass: function(element, className, done) { },
+ *
+ *     //animation that can be triggered after the class is added
+ *     addClass: function(element, className, done) { },
+ *
+ *     //animation that can be triggered before the class is removed
+ *     beforeRemoveClass: function(element, className, done) { },
+ *
+ *     //animation that can be triggered after the class is removed
+ *     removeClass: function(element, className, done) { }
+ *   };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * JavaScript-defined animations are created with a CSS-like class selector and a collection of events which are set to run
+ * a javascript callback function. When an animation is triggered, $animate will look for a matching animation which fits
+ * the element's CSS class attribute value and then run the matching animation event function (if found).
+ * In other words, if the CSS classes present on the animated element match any of the JavaScript animations then the callback function will
+ * be executed. It should be also noted that only simple, single class selectors are allowed (compound class selectors are not supported).
+ *
+ * Within a JavaScript animation, an object containing various event callback animation functions is expected to be returned.
+ * As explained above, these callbacks are triggered based on the animation event. Therefore if an enter animation is run,
+ * and the JavaScript animation is found, then the enter callback will handle that animation (in addition to the CSS keyframe animation
+ * or transition code that is defined via a stylesheet).
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Applying Directive-specific Styles to an Animation
+ * In some cases a directive or service may want to provide `$animate` with extra details that the animation will
+ * include into its animation. Let's say for example we wanted to render an animation that animates an element
+ * towards the mouse coordinates as to where the user clicked last. By collecting the X/Y coordinates of the click
+ * (via the event parameter) we can set the `top` and `left` styles into an object and pass that into our function
+ * call to `$animate.addClass`.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * canvas.on('click', function(e) {
+ *   $animate.addClass(element, 'on', {
+ *     to: {
+ *       left : e.client.x + 'px',
+ *       top : e.client.y + 'px'
+ *     }
+ *   }):
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Now when the animation runs, and a transition or keyframe animation is picked up, then the animation itself will
+ * also include and transition the styling of the `left` and `top` properties into its running animation. If we want
+ * to provide some starting animation values then we can do so by placing the starting animations styles into an object
+ * called `from` in the same object as the `to` animations.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * canvas.on('click', function(e) {
+ *   $animate.addClass(element, 'on', {
+ *     from: {
+ *        position: 'absolute',
+ *        left: '0px',
+ *        top: '0px'
+ *     },
+ *     to: {
+ *       left : e.client.x + 'px',
+ *       top : e.client.y + 'px'
+ *     }
+ *   }):
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Once the animation is complete or cancelled then the union of both the before and after styles are applied to the
+ * element. If `ngAnimate` is not present then the styles will be applied immediately.
+ *
+ */
+
+angular.module('ngAnimate', ['ng'])
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc provider
+   * @name $animateProvider
+   * @description
+   *
+   * The `$animateProvider` allows developers to register JavaScript animation event handlers directly inside of a module.
+   * When an animation is triggered, the $animate service will query the $animate service to find any animations that match
+   * the provided name value.
+   *
+   * Requires the {@link ngAnimate `ngAnimate`} module to be installed.
+   *
+   * Please visit the {@link ngAnimate `ngAnimate`} module overview page learn more about how to use animations in your application.
+   *
+   */
+  .directive('ngAnimateChildren', function() {
+    var NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN = '$$ngAnimateChildren';
+    return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+      var val = attrs.ngAnimateChildren;
+      if (angular.isString(val) && val.length === 0) { //empty attribute
+        element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN, true);
+      } else {
+        scope.$watch(val, function(value) {
+          element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN, !!value);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  })
+
+  //this private service is only used within CSS-enabled animations
+  //IE8 + IE9 do not support rAF natively, but that is fine since they
+  //also don't support transitions and keyframes which means that the code
+  //below will never be used by the two browsers.
+  .factory('$$animateReflow', ['$$rAF', '$document', function($$rAF, $document) {
+    var bod = $document[0].body;
+    return function(fn) {
+      //the returned function acts as the cancellation function
+      return $$rAF(function() {
+        //the line below will force the browser to perform a repaint
+        //so that all the animated elements within the animation frame
+        //will be properly updated and drawn on screen. This is
+        //required to perform multi-class CSS based animations with
+        //Firefox. DO NOT REMOVE THIS LINE.
+        var a = bod.offsetWidth + 1;
+        fn();
+      });
+    };
+  }])
+
+  .config(['$provide', '$animateProvider', function($provide, $animateProvider) {
+    var noop = angular.noop;
+    var forEach = angular.forEach;
+    var selectors = $animateProvider.$$selectors;
+    var isArray = angular.isArray;
+    var isString = angular.isString;
+    var isObject = angular.isObject;
+
+    var ELEMENT_NODE = 1;
+    var NG_ANIMATE_STATE = '$$ngAnimateState';
+    var NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN = '$$ngAnimateChildren';
+    var NG_ANIMATE_CLASS_NAME = 'ng-animate';
+    var rootAnimateState = {running: true};
+
+    function extractElementNode(element) {
+      for (var i = 0; i < element.length; i++) {
+        var elm = element[i];
+        if (elm.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE) {
+          return elm;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function prepareElement(element) {
+      return element && angular.element(element);
+    }
+
+    function stripCommentsFromElement(element) {
+      return angular.element(extractElementNode(element));
+    }
+
+    function isMatchingElement(elm1, elm2) {
+      return extractElementNode(elm1) == extractElementNode(elm2);
+    }
+    var $$jqLite;
+    $provide.decorator('$animate',
+        ['$delegate', '$$q', '$injector', '$sniffer', '$rootElement', '$$asyncCallback', '$rootScope', '$document', '$templateRequest', '$$jqLite',
+ function($delegate,   $$q,   $injector,   $sniffer,   $rootElement,   $$asyncCallback,   $rootScope,   $document,   $templateRequest,   $$$jqLite) {
+
+      $$jqLite = $$$jqLite;
+      $rootElement.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE, rootAnimateState);
+
+      // Wait until all directive and route-related templates are downloaded and
+      // compiled. The $templateRequest.totalPendingRequests variable keeps track of
+      // all of the remote templates being currently downloaded. If there are no
+      // templates currently downloading then the watcher will still fire anyway.
+      var deregisterWatch = $rootScope.$watch(
+        function() { return $templateRequest.totalPendingRequests; },
+        function(val, oldVal) {
+          if (val !== 0) return;
+          deregisterWatch();
+
+          // Now that all templates have been downloaded, $animate will wait until
+          // the post digest queue is empty before enabling animations. By having two
+          // calls to $postDigest calls we can ensure that the flag is enabled at the
+          // very end of the post digest queue. Since all of the animations in $animate
+          // use $postDigest, it's important that the code below executes at the end.
+          // This basically means that the page is fully downloaded and compiled before
+          // any animations are triggered.
+          $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
+            $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
+              rootAnimateState.running = false;
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      );
+
+      var globalAnimationCounter = 0;
+      var classNameFilter = $animateProvider.classNameFilter();
+      var isAnimatableClassName = !classNameFilter
+              ? function() { return true; }
+              : function(className) {
+                return classNameFilter.test(className);
+              };
+
+      function classBasedAnimationsBlocked(element, setter) {
+        var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {};
+        if (setter) {
+          data.running = true;
+          data.structural = true;
+          element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE, data);
+        }
+        return data.disabled || (data.running && data.structural);
+      }
+
+      function runAnimationPostDigest(fn) {
+        var cancelFn, defer = $$q.defer();
+        defer.promise.$$cancelFn = function() {
+          cancelFn && cancelFn();
+        };
+        $rootScope.$$postDigest(function() {
+          cancelFn = fn(function() {
+            defer.resolve();
+          });
+        });
+        return defer.promise;
+      }
+
+      function parseAnimateOptions(options) {
+        // some plugin code may still be passing in the callback
+        // function as the last param for the $animate methods so
+        // it's best to only allow string or array values for now
+        if (isObject(options)) {
+          if (options.tempClasses && isString(options.tempClasses)) {
+            options.tempClasses = options.tempClasses.split(/\s+/);
+          }
+          return options;
+        }
+      }
+
+      function resolveElementClasses(element, cache, runningAnimations) {
+        runningAnimations = runningAnimations || {};
+
+        var lookup = {};
+        forEach(runningAnimations, function(data, selector) {
+          forEach(selector.split(' '), function(s) {
+            lookup[s]=data;
+          });
+        });
+
+        var hasClasses = Object.create(null);
+        forEach((element.attr('class') || '').split(/\s+/), function(className) {
+          hasClasses[className] = true;
+        });
+
+        var toAdd = [], toRemove = [];
+        forEach((cache && cache.classes) || [], function(status, className) {
+          var hasClass = hasClasses[className];
+          var matchingAnimation = lookup[className] || {};
+
+          // When addClass and removeClass is called then $animate will check to
+          // see if addClass and removeClass cancel each other out. When there are
+          // more calls to removeClass than addClass then the count falls below 0
+          // and then the removeClass animation will be allowed. Otherwise if the
+          // count is above 0 then that means an addClass animation will commence.
+          // Once an animation is allowed then the code will also check to see if
+          // there exists any on-going animation that is already adding or remvoing
+          // the matching CSS class.
+          if (status === false) {
+            //does it have the class or will it have the class
+            if (hasClass || matchingAnimation.event == 'addClass') {
+              toRemove.push(className);
+            }
+          } else if (status === true) {
+            //is the class missing or will it be removed?
+            if (!hasClass || matchingAnimation.event == 'removeClass') {
+              toAdd.push(className);
+            }
+          }
+        });
+
+        return (toAdd.length + toRemove.length) > 0 && [toAdd.join(' '), toRemove.join(' ')];
+      }
+
+      function lookup(name) {
+        if (name) {
+          var matches = [],
+              flagMap = {},
+              classes = name.substr(1).split('.');
+
+          //the empty string value is the default animation
+          //operation which performs CSS transition and keyframe
+          //animations sniffing. This is always included for each
+          //element animation procedure if the browser supports
+          //transitions and/or keyframe animations. The default
+          //animation is added to the top of the list to prevent
+          //any previous animations from affecting the element styling
+          //prior to the element being animated.
+          if ($sniffer.transitions || $sniffer.animations) {
+            matches.push($injector.get(selectors['']));
+          }
+
+          for (var i=0; i < classes.length; i++) {
+            var klass = classes[i],
+                selectorFactoryName = selectors[klass];
+            if (selectorFactoryName && !flagMap[klass]) {
+              matches.push($injector.get(selectorFactoryName));
+              flagMap[klass] = true;
+            }
+          }
+          return matches;
+        }
+      }
+
+      function animationRunner(element, animationEvent, className, options) {
+        //transcluded directives may sometimes fire an animation using only comment nodes
+        //best to catch this early on to prevent any animation operations from occurring
+        var node = element[0];
+        if (!node) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (options) {
+          options.to = options.to || {};
+          options.from = options.from || {};
+        }
+
+        var classNameAdd;
+        var classNameRemove;
+        if (isArray(className)) {
+          classNameAdd = className[0];
+          classNameRemove = className[1];
+          if (!classNameAdd) {
+            className = classNameRemove;
+            animationEvent = 'removeClass';
+          } else if (!classNameRemove) {
+            className = classNameAdd;
+            animationEvent = 'addClass';
+          } else {
+            className = classNameAdd + ' ' + classNameRemove;
+          }
+        }
+
+        var isSetClassOperation = animationEvent == 'setClass';
+        var isClassBased = isSetClassOperation
+                           || animationEvent == 'addClass'
+                           || animationEvent == 'removeClass'
+                           || animationEvent == 'animate';
+
+        var currentClassName = element.attr('class');
+        var classes = currentClassName + ' ' + className;
+        if (!isAnimatableClassName(classes)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        var beforeComplete = noop,
+            beforeCancel = [],
+            before = [],
+            afterComplete = noop,
+            afterCancel = [],
+            after = [];
+
+        var animationLookup = (' ' + classes).replace(/\s+/g,'.');
+        forEach(lookup(animationLookup), function(animationFactory) {
+          var created = registerAnimation(animationFactory, animationEvent);
+          if (!created && isSetClassOperation) {
+            registerAnimation(animationFactory, 'addClass');
+            registerAnimation(animationFactory, 'removeClass');
+          }
+        });
+
+        function registerAnimation(animationFactory, event) {
+          var afterFn = animationFactory[event];
+          var beforeFn = animationFactory['before' + event.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + event.substr(1)];
+          if (afterFn || beforeFn) {
+            if (event == 'leave') {
+              beforeFn = afterFn;
+              //when set as null then animation knows to skip this phase
+              afterFn = null;
+            }
+            after.push({
+              event: event, fn: afterFn
+            });
+            before.push({
+              event: event, fn: beforeFn
+            });
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        function run(fns, cancellations, allCompleteFn) {
+          var animations = [];
+          forEach(fns, function(animation) {
+            animation.fn && animations.push(animation);
+          });
+
+          var count = 0;
+          function afterAnimationComplete(index) {
+            if (cancellations) {
+              (cancellations[index] || noop)();
+              if (++count < animations.length) return;
+              cancellations = null;
+            }
+            allCompleteFn();
+          }
+
+          //The code below adds directly to the array in order to work with
+          //both sync and async animations. Sync animations are when the done()
+          //operation is called right away. DO NOT REFACTOR!
+          forEach(animations, function(animation, index) {
+            var progress = function() {
+              afterAnimationComplete(index);
+            };
+            switch (animation.event) {
+              case 'setClass':
+                cancellations.push(animation.fn(element, classNameAdd, classNameRemove, progress, options));
+                break;
+              case 'animate':
+                cancellations.push(animation.fn(element, className, options.from, options.to, progress));
+                break;
+              case 'addClass':
+                cancellations.push(animation.fn(element, classNameAdd || className,     progress, options));
+                break;
+              case 'removeClass':
+                cancellations.push(animation.fn(element, classNameRemove || className,  progress, options));
+                break;
+              default:
+                cancellations.push(animation.fn(element, progress, options));
+                break;
+            }
+          });
+
+          if (cancellations && cancellations.length === 0) {
+            allCompleteFn();
+          }
+        }
+
+        return {
+          node: node,
+          event: animationEvent,
+          className: className,
+          isClassBased: isClassBased,
+          isSetClassOperation: isSetClassOperation,
+          applyStyles: function() {
+            if (options) {
+              element.css(angular.extend(options.from || {}, options.to || {}));
+            }
+          },
+          before: function(allCompleteFn) {
+            beforeComplete = allCompleteFn;
+            run(before, beforeCancel, function() {
+              beforeComplete = noop;
+              allCompleteFn();
+            });
+          },
+          after: function(allCompleteFn) {
+            afterComplete = allCompleteFn;
+            run(after, afterCancel, function() {
+              afterComplete = noop;
+              allCompleteFn();
+            });
+          },
+          cancel: function() {
+            if (beforeCancel) {
+              forEach(beforeCancel, function(cancelFn) {
+                (cancelFn || noop)(true);
+              });
+              beforeComplete(true);
+            }
+            if (afterCancel) {
+              forEach(afterCancel, function(cancelFn) {
+                (cancelFn || noop)(true);
+              });
+              afterComplete(true);
+            }
+          }
+        };
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc service
+       * @name $animate
+       * @kind object
+       *
+       * @description
+       * The `$animate` service provides animation detection support while performing DOM operations (enter, leave and move) as well as during addClass and removeClass operations.
+       * When any of these operations are run, the $animate service
+       * will examine any JavaScript-defined animations (which are defined by using the $animateProvider provider object)
+       * as well as any CSS-defined animations against the CSS classes present on the element once the DOM operation is run.
+       *
+       * The `$animate` service is used behind the scenes with pre-existing directives and animation with these directives
+       * will work out of the box without any extra configuration.
+       *
+       * Requires the {@link ngAnimate `ngAnimate`} module to be installed.
+       *
+       * Please visit the {@link ngAnimate `ngAnimate`} module overview page learn more about how to use animations in your application.
+       * ## Callback Promises
+       * With AngularJS 1.3, each of the animation methods, on the `$animate` service, return a promise when called. The
+       * promise itself is then resolved once the animation has completed itself, has been cancelled or has been
+       * skipped due to animations being disabled. (Note that even if the animation is cancelled it will still
+       * call the resolve function of the animation.)
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * $animate.enter(element, container).then(function() {
+       *   //...this is called once the animation is complete...
+       * });
+       * ```
+       *
+       * Also note that, due to the nature of the callback promise, if any Angular-specific code (like changing the scope,
+       * location of the page, etc...) is executed within the callback promise then be sure to wrap the code using
+       * `$scope.$apply(...)`;
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * $animate.leave(element).then(function() {
+       *   $scope.$apply(function() {
+       *     $location.path('/new-page');
+       *   });
+       * });
+       * ```
+       *
+       * An animation can also be cancelled by calling the `$animate.cancel(promise)` method with the provided
+       * promise that was returned when the animation was started.
+       *
+       * ```js
+       * var promise = $animate.addClass(element, 'super-long-animation');
+       * promise.then(function() {
+       *   //this will still be called even if cancelled
+       * });
+       *
+       * element.on('click', function() {
+       *   //tooo lazy to wait for the animation to end
+       *   $animate.cancel(promise);
+       * });
+       * ```
+       *
+       * (Keep in mind that the promise cancellation is unique to `$animate` since promises in
+       * general cannot be cancelled.)
+       *
+       */
+      return {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#animate
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Performs an inline animation on the element which applies the provided `to` and `from` CSS styles to the element.
+         * If any detected CSS transition, keyframe or JavaScript matches the provided `className` value then the animation
+         * will take on the provided styles. For example, if a transition animation is set for the given className then the
+         * provided `from` and `to` styles will be applied alongside the given transition. If a JavaScript animation is
+         * detected then the provided styles will be given in as function paramters.
+         *
+         * ```js
+         * ngModule.animation('.my-inline-animation', function() {
+         *   return {
+         *     animate : function(element, className, from, to, done) {
+         *       //styles
+         *     }
+         *   }
+         * });
+         * ```
+         *
+         * Below is a breakdown of each step that occurs during the `animate` animation:
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                                        | What the element class attribute looks like                  |
+         * |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.animate(...)` is called                                                                                  | `class="my-animation"`                                       |
+         * | 2. `$animate` waits for the next digest to start the animation                                                        | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                            |
+         * | 3. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                                          | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                            |
+         * | 4. the `className` class value is added to the element                                                                | `class="my-animation ng-animate className"`                  |
+         * | 5. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay                         | `class="my-animation ng-animate className"`                  |
+         * | 6. `$animate` blocks all CSS transitions on the element to ensure the `.className` class styling is applied right away| `class="my-animation ng-animate className"`                  |
+         * | 7. `$animate` applies the provided collection of `from` CSS styles to the element                                     | `class="my-animation ng-animate className"`                  |
+         * | 8. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                                             | `class="my-animation ng-animate className"`                  |
+         * | 9. `$animate` removes the CSS transition block placed on the element                                                  | `class="my-animation ng-animate className"`                  |
+         * | 10. the `className-active` class is added (this triggers the CSS transition/animation)                                | `class="my-animation ng-animate className className-active"` |
+         * | 11. `$animate` applies the collection of `to` CSS styles to the element which are then handled by the transition      | `class="my-animation ng-animate className className-active"` |
+         * | 12. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                                           | `class="my-animation ng-animate className className-active"` |
+         * | 13. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                                     | `class="my-animation"`                                       |
+         * | 14. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                                 | `class="my-animation"`                                       |
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be the focus of the enter animation
+         * @param {object} from a collection of CSS styles that will be applied to the element at the start of the animation
+         * @param {object} to a collection of CSS styles that the element will animate towards
+         * @param {string=} className an optional CSS class that will be added to the element for the duration of the animation (the default class is `ng-inline-animate`)
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+        */
+        animate: function(element, from, to, className, options) {
+          className = className || 'ng-inline-animate';
+          options = parseAnimateOptions(options) || {};
+          options.from = to ? from : null;
+          options.to   = to ? to : from;
+
+          return runAnimationPostDigest(function(done) {
+            return performAnimation('animate', className, stripCommentsFromElement(element), null, null, noop, options, done);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#enter
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Appends the element to the parentElement element that resides in the document and then runs the enter animation. Once
+         * the animation is started, the following CSS classes will be present on the element for the duration of the animation:
+         *
+         * Below is a breakdown of each step that occurs during enter animation:
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                                        | What the element class attribute looks like                |
+         * |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.enter(...)` is called                                                                                    | `class="my-animation"`                                     |
+         * | 2. element is inserted into the `parentElement` element or beside the `afterElement` element                          | `class="my-animation"`                                     |
+         * | 3. `$animate` waits for the next digest to start the animation                                                        | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                          |
+         * | 4. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                                          | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                          |
+         * | 5. the `.ng-enter` class is added to the element                                                                      | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter"`                 |
+         * | 6. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay                         | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter"`                 |
+         * | 7. `$animate` blocks all CSS transitions on the element to ensure the `.ng-enter` class styling is applied right away | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter"`                 |
+         * | 8. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                                             | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter"`                 |
+         * | 9. `$animate` removes the CSS transition block placed on the element                                                  | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter"`                 |
+         * | 10. the `.ng-enter-active` class is added (this triggers the CSS transition/animation)                                | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter ng-enter-active"` |
+         * | 11. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                                           | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-enter ng-enter-active"` |
+         * | 12. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                                     | `class="my-animation"`                                     |
+         * | 13. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                                 | `class="my-animation"`                                     |
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be the focus of the enter animation
+         * @param {DOMElement} parentElement the parent element of the element that will be the focus of the enter animation
+         * @param {DOMElement} afterElement the sibling element (which is the previous element) of the element that will be the focus of the enter animation
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of options that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+        */
+        enter: function(element, parentElement, afterElement, options) {
+          options = parseAnimateOptions(options);
+          element = angular.element(element);
+          parentElement = prepareElement(parentElement);
+          afterElement = prepareElement(afterElement);
+
+          classBasedAnimationsBlocked(element, true);
+          $delegate.enter(element, parentElement, afterElement);
+          return runAnimationPostDigest(function(done) {
+            return performAnimation('enter', 'ng-enter', stripCommentsFromElement(element), parentElement, afterElement, noop, options, done);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#leave
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Runs the leave animation operation and, upon completion, removes the element from the DOM. Once
+         * the animation is started, the following CSS classes will be added for the duration of the animation:
+         *
+         * Below is a breakdown of each step that occurs during leave animation:
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                                        | What the element class attribute looks like                |
+         * |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.leave(...)` is called                                                                                    | `class="my-animation"`                                     |
+         * | 2. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                                          | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                          |
+         * | 3. `$animate` waits for the next digest to start the animation                                                        | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                          |
+         * | 4. the `.ng-leave` class is added to the element                                                                      | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave"`                 |
+         * | 5. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay                         | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave"`                 |
+         * | 6. `$animate` blocks all CSS transitions on the element to ensure the `.ng-leave` class styling is applied right away | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave"`                 |
+         * | 7. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                                             | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave"`                 |
+         * | 8. `$animate` removes the CSS transition block placed on the element                                                  | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave"`                 |
+         * | 9. the `.ng-leave-active` class is added (this triggers the CSS transition/animation)                                 | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave ng-leave-active"` |
+         * | 10. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                                           | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-leave ng-leave-active"` |
+         * | 11. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                                     | `class="my-animation"`                                     |
+         * | 12. The element is removed from the DOM                                                                               | ...                                                        |
+         * | 13. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                                 | ...                                                        |
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be the focus of the leave animation
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of styles that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+        */
+        leave: function(element, options) {
+          options = parseAnimateOptions(options);
+          element = angular.element(element);
+
+          cancelChildAnimations(element);
+          classBasedAnimationsBlocked(element, true);
+          return runAnimationPostDigest(function(done) {
+            return performAnimation('leave', 'ng-leave', stripCommentsFromElement(element), null, null, function() {
+              $delegate.leave(element);
+            }, options, done);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#move
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Fires the move DOM operation. Just before the animation starts, the animate service will either append it into the parentElement container or
+         * add the element directly after the afterElement element if present. Then the move animation will be run. Once
+         * the animation is started, the following CSS classes will be added for the duration of the animation:
+         *
+         * Below is a breakdown of each step that occurs during move animation:
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                                       | What the element class attribute looks like              |
+         * |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.move(...)` is called                                                                                    | `class="my-animation"`                                   |
+         * | 2. element is moved into the parentElement element or beside the afterElement element                                | `class="my-animation"`                                   |
+         * | 3. `$animate` waits for the next digest to start the animation                                                       | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                        |
+         * | 4. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                                         | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                        |
+         * | 5. the `.ng-move` class is added to the element                                                                      | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move"`                |
+         * | 6. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay                        | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move"`                |
+         * | 7. `$animate` blocks all CSS transitions on the element to ensure the `.ng-move` class styling is applied right away | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move"`                |
+         * | 8. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                                            | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move"`                |
+         * | 9. `$animate` removes the CSS transition block placed on the element                                                 | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move"`                |
+         * | 10. the `.ng-move-active` class is added (this triggers the CSS transition/animation)                                | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move ng-move-active"` |
+         * | 11. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                                          | `class="my-animation ng-animate ng-move ng-move-active"` |
+         * | 12. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                                    | `class="my-animation"`                                   |
+         * | 13. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                                | `class="my-animation"`                                   |
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be the focus of the move animation
+         * @param {DOMElement} parentElement the parentElement element of the element that will be the focus of the move animation
+         * @param {DOMElement} afterElement the sibling element (which is the previous element) of the element that will be the focus of the move animation
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of styles that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+        */
+        move: function(element, parentElement, afterElement, options) {
+          options = parseAnimateOptions(options);
+          element = angular.element(element);
+          parentElement = prepareElement(parentElement);
+          afterElement = prepareElement(afterElement);
+
+          cancelChildAnimations(element);
+          classBasedAnimationsBlocked(element, true);
+          $delegate.move(element, parentElement, afterElement);
+          return runAnimationPostDigest(function(done) {
+            return performAnimation('move', 'ng-move', stripCommentsFromElement(element), parentElement, afterElement, noop, options, done);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#addClass
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Triggers a custom animation event based off the className variable and then attaches the className value to the element as a CSS class.
+         * Unlike the other animation methods, the animate service will suffix the className value with {@type -add} in order to provide
+         * the animate service the setup and active CSS classes in order to trigger the animation (this will be skipped if no CSS transitions
+         * or keyframes are defined on the -add-active or base CSS class).
+         *
+         * Below is a breakdown of each step that occurs during addClass animation:
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                         | What the element class attribute looks like                        |
+         * |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.addClass(element, 'super')` is called                                                     | `class="my-animation"`                                             |
+         * | 2. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                           | `class="my-animation ng-animate"`                                  |
+         * | 3. the `.super-add` class is added to the element                                                      | `class="my-animation ng-animate super-add"`                        |
+         * | 4. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                              | `class="my-animation ng-animate super-add"`                        |
+         * | 5. the `.super` and `.super-add-active` classes are added (this triggers the CSS transition/animation) | `class="my-animation ng-animate super super-add super-add-active"` |
+         * | 6. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay          | `class="my-animation ng-animate super super-add super-add-active"` |
+         * | 7. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                             | `class="my-animation ng-animate super super-add super-add-active"` |
+         * | 8. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                       | `class="my-animation super"`                                       |
+         * | 9. The super class is kept on the element                                                              | `class="my-animation super"`                                       |
+         * | 10. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                  | `class="my-animation super"`                                       |
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be animated
+         * @param {string} className the CSS class that will be added to the element and then animated
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of styles that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+        */
+        addClass: function(element, className, options) {
+          return this.setClass(element, className, [], options);
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#removeClass
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Triggers a custom animation event based off the className variable and then removes the CSS class provided by the className value
+         * from the element. Unlike the other animation methods, the animate service will suffix the className value with {@type -remove} in
+         * order to provide the animate service the setup and active CSS classes in order to trigger the animation (this will be skipped if
+         * no CSS transitions or keyframes are defined on the -remove or base CSS classes).
+         *
+         * Below is a breakdown of each step that occurs during removeClass animation:
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                                       | What the element class attribute looks like                        |
+         * |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.removeClass(element, 'super')` is called                                                                | `class="my-animation super"`                                       |
+         * | 2. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                                         | `class="my-animation super ng-animate"`                            |
+         * | 3. the `.super-remove` class is added to the element                                                                 | `class="my-animation super ng-animate super-remove"`               |
+         * | 4. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                                            | `class="my-animation super ng-animate super-remove"`               |
+         * | 5. the `.super-remove-active` classes are added and `.super` is removed (this triggers the CSS transition/animation) | `class="my-animation ng-animate super-remove super-remove-active"` |
+         * | 6. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay                        | `class="my-animation ng-animate super-remove super-remove-active"` |
+         * | 7. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                                           | `class="my-animation ng-animate super-remove super-remove-active"` |
+         * | 8. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                                     | `class="my-animation"`                                             |
+         * | 9. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                                 | `class="my-animation"`                                             |
+         *
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element that will be animated
+         * @param {string} className the CSS class that will be animated and then removed from the element
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of styles that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+        */
+        removeClass: function(element, className, options) {
+          return this.setClass(element, [], className, options);
+        },
+
+        /**
+         *
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#setClass
+         *
+         * @description Adds and/or removes the given CSS classes to and from the element.
+         * Once complete, the `done()` callback will be fired (if provided).
+         *
+         * | Animation Step                                                                                                                               | What the element class attribute looks like                                            |
+         * |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+         * | 1. `$animate.setClass(element, 'on', 'off')` is called                                                                                       | `class="my-animation off"`                                                             |
+         * | 2. `$animate` runs the JavaScript-defined animations detected on the element                                                                 | `class="my-animation ng-animate off"`                                                  |
+         * | 3. the `.on-add` and `.off-remove` classes are added to the element                                                                          | `class="my-animation ng-animate on-add off-remove off"`                                |
+         * | 4. `$animate` waits for a single animation frame (this performs a reflow)                                                                    | `class="my-animation ng-animate on-add off-remove off"`                                |
+         * | 5. the `.on`, `.on-add-active` and `.off-remove-active` classes are added and `.off` is removed (this triggers the CSS transition/animation) | `class="my-animation ng-animate on on-add on-add-active off-remove off-remove-active"` |
+         * | 6. `$animate` scans the element styles to get the CSS transition/animation duration and delay                                                | `class="my-animation ng-animate on on-add on-add-active off-remove off-remove-active"` |
+         * | 7. `$animate` waits for the animation to complete (via events and timeout)                                                                   | `class="my-animation ng-animate on on-add on-add-active off-remove off-remove-active"` |
+         * | 8. The animation ends and all generated CSS classes are removed from the element                                                             | `class="my-animation on"`                                                              |
+         * | 9. The returned promise is resolved.                                                                                                         | `class="my-animation on"`                                                              |
+         *
+         * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have its CSS classes changed
+         *   removed from it
+         * @param {string} add the CSS classes which will be added to the element
+         * @param {string} remove the CSS class which will be removed from the element
+         *   CSS classes have been set on the element
+         * @param {object=} options an optional collection of styles that will be picked up by the CSS transition/animation
+         * @return {Promise} the animation callback promise
+         */
+        setClass: function(element, add, remove, options) {
+          options = parseAnimateOptions(options);
+
+          var STORAGE_KEY = '$$animateClasses';
+          element = angular.element(element);
+          element = stripCommentsFromElement(element);
+
+          if (classBasedAnimationsBlocked(element)) {
+            return $delegate.$$setClassImmediately(element, add, remove, options);
+          }
+
+          // we're using a combined array for both the add and remove
+          // operations since the ORDER OF addClass and removeClass matters
+          var classes, cache = element.data(STORAGE_KEY);
+          var hasCache = !!cache;
+          if (!cache) {
+            cache = {};
+            cache.classes = {};
+          }
+          classes = cache.classes;
+
+          add = isArray(add) ? add : add.split(' ');
+          forEach(add, function(c) {
+            if (c && c.length) {
+              classes[c] = true;
+            }
+          });
+
+          remove = isArray(remove) ? remove : remove.split(' ');
+          forEach(remove, function(c) {
+            if (c && c.length) {
+              classes[c] = false;
+            }
+          });
+
+          if (hasCache) {
+            if (options && cache.options) {
+              cache.options = angular.extend(cache.options || {}, options);
+            }
+
+            //the digest cycle will combine all the animations into one function
+            return cache.promise;
+          } else {
+            element.data(STORAGE_KEY, cache = {
+              classes: classes,
+              options: options
+            });
+          }
+
+          return cache.promise = runAnimationPostDigest(function(done) {
+            var parentElement = element.parent();
+            var elementNode = extractElementNode(element);
+            var parentNode = elementNode.parentNode;
+            // TODO(matsko): move this code into the animationsDisabled() function once #8092 is fixed
+            if (!parentNode || parentNode['$$NG_REMOVED'] || elementNode['$$NG_REMOVED']) {
+              done();
+              return;
+            }
+
+            var cache = element.data(STORAGE_KEY);
+            element.removeData(STORAGE_KEY);
+
+            var state = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {};
+            var classes = resolveElementClasses(element, cache, state.active);
+            return !classes
+              ? done()
+              : performAnimation('setClass', classes, element, parentElement, null, function() {
+                  if (classes[0]) $delegate.$$addClassImmediately(element, classes[0]);
+                  if (classes[1]) $delegate.$$removeClassImmediately(element, classes[1]);
+                }, cache.options, done);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#cancel
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @param {Promise} animationPromise The animation promise that is returned when an animation is started.
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Cancels the provided animation.
+        */
+        cancel: function(promise) {
+          promise.$$cancelFn();
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $animate#enabled
+         * @kind function
+         *
+         * @param {boolean=} value If provided then set the animation on or off.
+         * @param {DOMElement=} element If provided then the element will be used to represent the enable/disable operation
+         * @return {boolean} Current animation state.
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Globally enables/disables animations.
+         *
+        */
+        enabled: function(value, element) {
+          switch (arguments.length) {
+            case 2:
+              if (value) {
+                cleanup(element);
+              } else {
+                var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {};
+                data.disabled = true;
+                element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE, data);
+              }
+            break;
+
+            case 1:
+              rootAnimateState.disabled = !value;
+            break;
+
+            default:
+              value = !rootAnimateState.disabled;
+            break;
+          }
+          return !!value;
+         }
+      };
+
+      /*
+        all animations call this shared animation triggering function internally.
+        The animationEvent variable refers to the JavaScript animation event that will be triggered
+        and the className value is the name of the animation that will be applied within the
+        CSS code. Element, `parentElement` and `afterElement` are provided DOM elements for the animation
+        and the onComplete callback will be fired once the animation is fully complete.
+      */
+      function performAnimation(animationEvent, className, element, parentElement, afterElement, domOperation, options, doneCallback) {
+        var noopCancel = noop;
+        var runner = animationRunner(element, animationEvent, className, options);
+        if (!runner) {
+          fireDOMOperation();
+          fireBeforeCallbackAsync();
+          fireAfterCallbackAsync();
+          closeAnimation();
+          return noopCancel;
+        }
+
+        animationEvent = runner.event;
+        className = runner.className;
+        var elementEvents = angular.element._data(runner.node);
+        elementEvents = elementEvents && elementEvents.events;
+
+        if (!parentElement) {
+          parentElement = afterElement ? afterElement.parent() : element.parent();
+        }
+
+        //skip the animation if animations are disabled, a parent is already being animated,
+        //the element is not currently attached to the document body or then completely close
+        //the animation if any matching animations are not found at all.
+        //NOTE: IE8 + IE9 should close properly (run closeAnimation()) in case an animation was found.
+        if (animationsDisabled(element, parentElement)) {
+          fireDOMOperation();
+          fireBeforeCallbackAsync();
+          fireAfterCallbackAsync();
+          closeAnimation();
+          return noopCancel;
+        }
+
+        var ngAnimateState  = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {};
+        var runningAnimations     = ngAnimateState.active || {};
+        var totalActiveAnimations = ngAnimateState.totalActive || 0;
+        var lastAnimation         = ngAnimateState.last;
+        var skipAnimation = false;
+
+        if (totalActiveAnimations > 0) {
+          var animationsToCancel = [];
+          if (!runner.isClassBased) {
+            if (animationEvent == 'leave' && runningAnimations['ng-leave']) {
+              skipAnimation = true;
+            } else {
+              //cancel all animations when a structural animation takes place
+              for (var klass in runningAnimations) {
+                animationsToCancel.push(runningAnimations[klass]);
+              }
+              ngAnimateState = {};
+              cleanup(element, true);
+            }
+          } else if (lastAnimation.event == 'setClass') {
+            animationsToCancel.push(lastAnimation);
+            cleanup(element, className);
+          } else if (runningAnimations[className]) {
+            var current = runningAnimations[className];
+            if (current.event == animationEvent) {
+              skipAnimation = true;
+            } else {
+              animationsToCancel.push(current);
+              cleanup(element, className);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (animationsToCancel.length > 0) {
+            forEach(animationsToCancel, function(operation) {
+              operation.cancel();
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (runner.isClassBased
+            && !runner.isSetClassOperation
+            && animationEvent != 'animate'
+            && !skipAnimation) {
+          skipAnimation = (animationEvent == 'addClass') == element.hasClass(className); //opposite of XOR
+        }
+
+        if (skipAnimation) {
+          fireDOMOperation();
+          fireBeforeCallbackAsync();
+          fireAfterCallbackAsync();
+          fireDoneCallbackAsync();
+          return noopCancel;
+        }
+
+        runningAnimations     = ngAnimateState.active || {};
+        totalActiveAnimations = ngAnimateState.totalActive || 0;
+
+        if (animationEvent == 'leave') {
+          //there's no need to ever remove the listener since the element
+          //will be removed (destroyed) after the leave animation ends or
+          //is cancelled midway
+          element.one('$destroy', function(e) {
+            var element = angular.element(this);
+            var state = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE);
+            if (state) {
+              var activeLeaveAnimation = state.active['ng-leave'];
+              if (activeLeaveAnimation) {
+                activeLeaveAnimation.cancel();
+                cleanup(element, 'ng-leave');
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        //the ng-animate class does nothing, but it's here to allow for
+        //parent animations to find and cancel child animations when needed
+        $$jqLite.addClass(element, NG_ANIMATE_CLASS_NAME);
+        if (options && options.tempClasses) {
+          forEach(options.tempClasses, function(className) {
+            $$jqLite.addClass(element, className);
+          });
+        }
+
+        var localAnimationCount = globalAnimationCounter++;
+        totalActiveAnimations++;
+        runningAnimations[className] = runner;
+
+        element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE, {
+          last: runner,
+          active: runningAnimations,
+          index: localAnimationCount,
+          totalActive: totalActiveAnimations
+        });
+
+        //first we run the before animations and when all of those are complete
+        //then we perform the DOM operation and run the next set of animations
+        fireBeforeCallbackAsync();
+        runner.before(function(cancelled) {
+          var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE);
+          cancelled = cancelled ||
+                        !data || !data.active[className] ||
+                        (runner.isClassBased && data.active[className].event != animationEvent);
+
+          fireDOMOperation();
+          if (cancelled === true) {
+            closeAnimation();
+          } else {
+            fireAfterCallbackAsync();
+            runner.after(closeAnimation);
+          }
+        });
+
+        return runner.cancel;
+
+        function fireDOMCallback(animationPhase) {
+          var eventName = '$animate:' + animationPhase;
+          if (elementEvents && elementEvents[eventName] && elementEvents[eventName].length > 0) {
+            $$asyncCallback(function() {
+              element.triggerHandler(eventName, {
+                event: animationEvent,
+                className: className
+              });
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        function fireBeforeCallbackAsync() {
+          fireDOMCallback('before');
+        }
+
+        function fireAfterCallbackAsync() {
+          fireDOMCallback('after');
+        }
+
+        function fireDoneCallbackAsync() {
+          fireDOMCallback('close');
+          doneCallback();
+        }
+
+        //it is less complicated to use a flag than managing and canceling
+        //timeouts containing multiple callbacks.
+        function fireDOMOperation() {
+          if (!fireDOMOperation.hasBeenRun) {
+            fireDOMOperation.hasBeenRun = true;
+            domOperation();
+          }
+        }
+
+        function closeAnimation() {
+          if (!closeAnimation.hasBeenRun) {
+            if (runner) { //the runner doesn't exist if it fails to instantiate
+              runner.applyStyles();
+            }
+
+            closeAnimation.hasBeenRun = true;
+            if (options && options.tempClasses) {
+              forEach(options.tempClasses, function(className) {
+                $$jqLite.removeClass(element, className);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE);
+            if (data) {
+
+              /* only structural animations wait for reflow before removing an
+                 animation, but class-based animations don't. An example of this
+                 failing would be when a parent HTML tag has a ng-class attribute
+                 causing ALL directives below to skip animations during the digest */
+              if (runner && runner.isClassBased) {
+                cleanup(element, className);
+              } else {
+                $$asyncCallback(function() {
+                  var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {};
+                  if (localAnimationCount == data.index) {
+                    cleanup(element, className, animationEvent);
+                  }
+                });
+                element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE, data);
+              }
+            }
+            fireDoneCallbackAsync();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      function cancelChildAnimations(element) {
+        var node = extractElementNode(element);
+        if (node) {
+          var nodes = angular.isFunction(node.getElementsByClassName) ?
+            node.getElementsByClassName(NG_ANIMATE_CLASS_NAME) :
+            node.querySelectorAll('.' + NG_ANIMATE_CLASS_NAME);
+          forEach(nodes, function(element) {
+            element = angular.element(element);
+            var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE);
+            if (data && data.active) {
+              forEach(data.active, function(runner) {
+                runner.cancel();
+              });
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      function cleanup(element, className) {
+        if (isMatchingElement(element, $rootElement)) {
+          if (!rootAnimateState.disabled) {
+            rootAnimateState.running = false;
+            rootAnimateState.structural = false;
+          }
+        } else if (className) {
+          var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {};
+
+          var removeAnimations = className === true;
+          if (!removeAnimations && data.active && data.active[className]) {
+            data.totalActive--;
+            delete data.active[className];
+          }
+
+          if (removeAnimations || !data.totalActive) {
+            $$jqLite.removeClass(element, NG_ANIMATE_CLASS_NAME);
+            element.removeData(NG_ANIMATE_STATE);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      function animationsDisabled(element, parentElement) {
+        if (rootAnimateState.disabled) {
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        if (isMatchingElement(element, $rootElement)) {
+          return rootAnimateState.running;
+        }
+
+        var allowChildAnimations, parentRunningAnimation, hasParent;
+        do {
+          //the element did not reach the root element which means that it
+          //is not apart of the DOM. Therefore there is no reason to do
+          //any animations on it
+          if (parentElement.length === 0) break;
+
+          var isRoot = isMatchingElement(parentElement, $rootElement);
+          var state = isRoot ? rootAnimateState : (parentElement.data(NG_ANIMATE_STATE) || {});
+          if (state.disabled) {
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          //no matter what, for an animation to work it must reach the root element
+          //this implies that the element is attached to the DOM when the animation is run
+          if (isRoot) {
+            hasParent = true;
+          }
+
+          //once a flag is found that is strictly false then everything before
+          //it will be discarded and all child animations will be restricted
+          if (allowChildAnimations !== false) {
+            var animateChildrenFlag = parentElement.data(NG_ANIMATE_CHILDREN);
+            if (angular.isDefined(animateChildrenFlag)) {
+              allowChildAnimations = animateChildrenFlag;
+            }
+          }
+
+          parentRunningAnimation = parentRunningAnimation ||
+                                   state.running ||
+                                   (state.last && !state.last.isClassBased);
+        }
+        while (parentElement = parentElement.parent());
+
+        return !hasParent || (!allowChildAnimations && parentRunningAnimation);
+      }
+    }]);
+
+    $animateProvider.register('', ['$window', '$sniffer', '$timeout', '$$animateReflow',
+                           function($window,   $sniffer,   $timeout,   $$animateReflow) {
+      // Detect proper transitionend/animationend event names.
+      var CSS_PREFIX = '', TRANSITION_PROP, TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, ANIMATION_PROP, ANIMATIONEND_EVENT;
+
+      // If unprefixed events are not supported but webkit-prefixed are, use the latter.
+      // Otherwise, just use W3C names, browsers not supporting them at all will just ignore them.
+      // Note: Chrome implements `window.onwebkitanimationend` and doesn't implement `window.onanimationend`
+      // but at the same time dispatches the `animationend` event and not `webkitAnimationEnd`.
+      // Register both events in case `window.onanimationend` is not supported because of that,
+      // do the same for `transitionend` as Safari is likely to exhibit similar behavior.
+      // Also, the only modern browser that uses vendor prefixes for transitions/keyframes is webkit
+      // therefore there is no reason to test anymore for other vendor prefixes: http://caniuse.com/#search=transition
+      if (window.ontransitionend === undefined && window.onwebkittransitionend !== undefined) {
+        CSS_PREFIX = '-webkit-';
+        TRANSITION_PROP = 'WebkitTransition';
+        TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitTransitionEnd transitionend';
+      } else {
+        TRANSITION_PROP = 'transition';
+        TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'transitionend';
+      }
+
+      if (window.onanimationend === undefined && window.onwebkitanimationend !== undefined) {
+        CSS_PREFIX = '-webkit-';
+        ANIMATION_PROP = 'WebkitAnimation';
+        ANIMATIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitAnimationEnd animationend';
+      } else {
+        ANIMATION_PROP = 'animation';
+        ANIMATIONEND_EVENT = 'animationend';
+      }
+
+      var DURATION_KEY = 'Duration';
+      var PROPERTY_KEY = 'Property';
+      var DELAY_KEY = 'Delay';
+      var ANIMATION_ITERATION_COUNT_KEY = 'IterationCount';
+      var ANIMATION_PLAYSTATE_KEY = 'PlayState';
+      var NG_ANIMATE_PARENT_KEY = '$$ngAnimateKey';
+      var NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY = '$$ngAnimateCSS3Data';
+      var ELAPSED_TIME_MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES = 3;
+      var CLOSING_TIME_BUFFER = 1.5;
+      var ONE_SECOND = 1000;
+
+      var lookupCache = {};
+      var parentCounter = 0;
+      var animationReflowQueue = [];
+      var cancelAnimationReflow;
+      function clearCacheAfterReflow() {
+        if (!cancelAnimationReflow) {
+          cancelAnimationReflow = $$animateReflow(function() {
+            animationReflowQueue = [];
+            cancelAnimationReflow = null;
+            lookupCache = {};
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      function afterReflow(element, callback) {
+        if (cancelAnimationReflow) {
+          cancelAnimationReflow();
+        }
+        animationReflowQueue.push(callback);
+        cancelAnimationReflow = $$animateReflow(function() {
+          forEach(animationReflowQueue, function(fn) {
+            fn();
+          });
+
+          animationReflowQueue = [];
+          cancelAnimationReflow = null;
+          lookupCache = {};
+        });
+      }
+
+      var closingTimer = null;
+      var closingTimestamp = 0;
+      var animationElementQueue = [];
+      function animationCloseHandler(element, totalTime) {
+        var node = extractElementNode(element);
+        element = angular.element(node);
+
+        //this item will be garbage collected by the closing
+        //animation timeout
+        animationElementQueue.push(element);
+
+        //but it may not need to cancel out the existing timeout
+        //if the timestamp is less than the previous one
+        var futureTimestamp = Date.now() + totalTime;
+        if (futureTimestamp <= closingTimestamp) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        $timeout.cancel(closingTimer);
+
+        closingTimestamp = futureTimestamp;
+        closingTimer = $timeout(function() {
+          closeAllAnimations(animationElementQueue);
+          animationElementQueue = [];
+        }, totalTime, false);
+      }
+
+      function closeAllAnimations(elements) {
+        forEach(elements, function(element) {
+          var elementData = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY);
+          if (elementData) {
+            forEach(elementData.closeAnimationFns, function(fn) {
+              fn();
+            });
+          }
+        });
+      }
+
+      function getElementAnimationDetails(element, cacheKey) {
+        var data = cacheKey ? lookupCache[cacheKey] : null;
+        if (!data) {
+          var transitionDuration = 0;
+          var transitionDelay = 0;
+          var animationDuration = 0;
+          var animationDelay = 0;
+
+          //we want all the styles defined before and after
+          forEach(element, function(element) {
+            if (element.nodeType == ELEMENT_NODE) {
+              var elementStyles = $window.getComputedStyle(element) || {};
+
+              var transitionDurationStyle = elementStyles[TRANSITION_PROP + DURATION_KEY];
+              transitionDuration = Math.max(parseMaxTime(transitionDurationStyle), transitionDuration);
+
+              var transitionDelayStyle = elementStyles[TRANSITION_PROP + DELAY_KEY];
+              transitionDelay  = Math.max(parseMaxTime(transitionDelayStyle), transitionDelay);
+
+              var animationDelayStyle = elementStyles[ANIMATION_PROP + DELAY_KEY];
+              animationDelay   = Math.max(parseMaxTime(elementStyles[ANIMATION_PROP + DELAY_KEY]), animationDelay);
+
+              var aDuration  = parseMaxTime(elementStyles[ANIMATION_PROP + DURATION_KEY]);
+
+              if (aDuration > 0) {
+                aDuration *= parseInt(elementStyles[ANIMATION_PROP + ANIMATION_ITERATION_COUNT_KEY], 10) || 1;
+              }
+              animationDuration = Math.max(aDuration, animationDuration);
+            }
+          });
+          data = {
+            total: 0,
+            transitionDelay: transitionDelay,
+            transitionDuration: transitionDuration,
+            animationDelay: animationDelay,
+            animationDuration: animationDuration
+          };
+          if (cacheKey) {
+            lookupCache[cacheKey] = data;
+          }
+        }
+        return data;
+      }
+
+      function parseMaxTime(str) {
+        var maxValue = 0;
+        var values = isString(str) ?
+          str.split(/\s*,\s*/) :
+          [];
+        forEach(values, function(value) {
+          maxValue = Math.max(parseFloat(value) || 0, maxValue);
+        });
+        return maxValue;
+      }
+
+      function getCacheKey(element) {
+        var parentElement = element.parent();
+        var parentID = parentElement.data(NG_ANIMATE_PARENT_KEY);
+        if (!parentID) {
+          parentElement.data(NG_ANIMATE_PARENT_KEY, ++parentCounter);
+          parentID = parentCounter;
+        }
+        return parentID + '-' + extractElementNode(element).getAttribute('class');
+      }
+
+      function animateSetup(animationEvent, element, className, styles) {
+        var structural = ['ng-enter','ng-leave','ng-move'].indexOf(className) >= 0;
+
+        var cacheKey = getCacheKey(element);
+        var eventCacheKey = cacheKey + ' ' + className;
+        var itemIndex = lookupCache[eventCacheKey] ? ++lookupCache[eventCacheKey].total : 0;
+
+        var stagger = {};
+        if (itemIndex > 0) {
+          var staggerClassName = className + '-stagger';
+          var staggerCacheKey = cacheKey + ' ' + staggerClassName;
+          var applyClasses = !lookupCache[staggerCacheKey];
+
+          applyClasses && $$jqLite.addClass(element, staggerClassName);
+
+          stagger = getElementAnimationDetails(element, staggerCacheKey);
+
+          applyClasses && $$jqLite.removeClass(element, staggerClassName);
+        }
+
+        $$jqLite.addClass(element, className);
+
+        var formerData = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY) || {};
+        var timings = getElementAnimationDetails(element, eventCacheKey);
+        var transitionDuration = timings.transitionDuration;
+        var animationDuration = timings.animationDuration;
+
+        if (structural && transitionDuration === 0 && animationDuration === 0) {
+          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, className);
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        var blockTransition = styles || (structural && transitionDuration > 0);
+        var blockAnimation = animationDuration > 0 &&
+                             stagger.animationDelay > 0 &&
+                             stagger.animationDuration === 0;
+
+        var closeAnimationFns = formerData.closeAnimationFns || [];
+        element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY, {
+          stagger: stagger,
+          cacheKey: eventCacheKey,
+          running: formerData.running || 0,
+          itemIndex: itemIndex,
+          blockTransition: blockTransition,
+          closeAnimationFns: closeAnimationFns
+        });
+
+        var node = extractElementNode(element);
+
+        if (blockTransition) {
+          blockTransitions(node, true);
+          if (styles) {
+            element.css(styles);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (blockAnimation) {
+          blockAnimations(node, true);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      function animateRun(animationEvent, element, className, activeAnimationComplete, styles) {
+        var node = extractElementNode(element);
+        var elementData = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY);
+        if (node.getAttribute('class').indexOf(className) == -1 || !elementData) {
+          activeAnimationComplete();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        var activeClassName = '';
+        var pendingClassName = '';
+        forEach(className.split(' '), function(klass, i) {
+          var prefix = (i > 0 ? ' ' : '') + klass;
+          activeClassName += prefix + '-active';
+          pendingClassName += prefix + '-pending';
+        });
+
+        var style = '';
+        var appliedStyles = [];
+        var itemIndex = elementData.itemIndex;
+        var stagger = elementData.stagger;
+        var staggerTime = 0;
+        if (itemIndex > 0) {
+          var transitionStaggerDelay = 0;
+          if (stagger.transitionDelay > 0 && stagger.transitionDuration === 0) {
+            transitionStaggerDelay = stagger.transitionDelay * itemIndex;
+          }
+
+          var animationStaggerDelay = 0;
+          if (stagger.animationDelay > 0 && stagger.animationDuration === 0) {
+            animationStaggerDelay = stagger.animationDelay * itemIndex;
+            appliedStyles.push(CSS_PREFIX + 'animation-play-state');
+          }
+
+          staggerTime = Math.round(Math.max(transitionStaggerDelay, animationStaggerDelay) * 100) / 100;
+        }
+
+        if (!staggerTime) {
+          $$jqLite.addClass(element, activeClassName);
+          if (elementData.blockTransition) {
+            blockTransitions(node, false);
+          }
+        }
+
+        var eventCacheKey = elementData.cacheKey + ' ' + activeClassName;
+        var timings = getElementAnimationDetails(element, eventCacheKey);
+        var maxDuration = Math.max(timings.transitionDuration, timings.animationDuration);
+        if (maxDuration === 0) {
+          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, activeClassName);
+          animateClose(element, className);
+          activeAnimationComplete();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (!staggerTime && styles && Object.keys(styles).length > 0) {
+          if (!timings.transitionDuration) {
+            element.css('transition', timings.animationDuration + 's linear all');
+            appliedStyles.push('transition');
+          }
+          element.css(styles);
+        }
+
+        var maxDelay = Math.max(timings.transitionDelay, timings.animationDelay);
+        var maxDelayTime = maxDelay * ONE_SECOND;
+
+        if (appliedStyles.length > 0) {
+          //the element being animated may sometimes contain comment nodes in
+          //the jqLite object, so we're safe to use a single variable to house
+          //the styles since there is always only one element being animated
+          var oldStyle = node.getAttribute('style') || '';
+          if (oldStyle.charAt(oldStyle.length - 1) !== ';') {
+            oldStyle += ';';
+          }
+          node.setAttribute('style', oldStyle + ' ' + style);
+        }
+
+        var startTime = Date.now();
+        var css3AnimationEvents = ANIMATIONEND_EVENT + ' ' + TRANSITIONEND_EVENT;
+        var animationTime     = (maxDelay + maxDuration) * CLOSING_TIME_BUFFER;
+        var totalTime         = (staggerTime + animationTime) * ONE_SECOND;
+
+        var staggerTimeout;
+        if (staggerTime > 0) {
+          $$jqLite.addClass(element, pendingClassName);
+          staggerTimeout = $timeout(function() {
+            staggerTimeout = null;
+
+            if (timings.transitionDuration > 0) {
+              blockTransitions(node, false);
+            }
+            if (timings.animationDuration > 0) {
+              blockAnimations(node, false);
+            }
+
+            $$jqLite.addClass(element, activeClassName);
+            $$jqLite.removeClass(element, pendingClassName);
+
+            if (styles) {
+              if (timings.transitionDuration === 0) {
+                element.css('transition', timings.animationDuration + 's linear all');
+              }
+              element.css(styles);
+              appliedStyles.push('transition');
+            }
+          }, staggerTime * ONE_SECOND, false);
+        }
+
+        element.on(css3AnimationEvents, onAnimationProgress);
+        elementData.closeAnimationFns.push(function() {
+          onEnd();
+          activeAnimationComplete();
+        });
+
+        elementData.running++;
+        animationCloseHandler(element, totalTime);
+        return onEnd;
+
+        // This will automatically be called by $animate so
+        // there is no need to attach this internally to the
+        // timeout done method.
+        function onEnd() {
+          element.off(css3AnimationEvents, onAnimationProgress);
+          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, activeClassName);
+          $$jqLite.removeClass(element, pendingClassName);
+          if (staggerTimeout) {
+            $timeout.cancel(staggerTimeout);
+          }
+          animateClose(element, className);
+          var node = extractElementNode(element);
+          for (var i in appliedStyles) {
+            node.style.removeProperty(appliedStyles[i]);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function onAnimationProgress(event) {
+          event.stopPropagation();
+          var ev = event.originalEvent || event;
+          var timeStamp = ev.$manualTimeStamp || ev.timeStamp || Date.now();
+
+          /* Firefox (or possibly just Gecko) likes to not round values up
+           * when a ms measurement is used for the animation */
+          var elapsedTime = parseFloat(ev.elapsedTime.toFixed(ELAPSED_TIME_MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES));
+
+          /* $manualTimeStamp is a mocked timeStamp value which is set
+           * within browserTrigger(). This is only here so that tests can
+           * mock animations properly. Real events fallback to event.timeStamp,
+           * or, if they don't, then a timeStamp is automatically created for them.
+           * We're checking to see if the timeStamp surpasses the expected delay,
+           * but we're using elapsedTime instead of the timeStamp on the 2nd
+           * pre-condition since animations sometimes close off early */
+          if (Math.max(timeStamp - startTime, 0) >= maxDelayTime && elapsedTime >= maxDuration) {
+            activeAnimationComplete();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      function blockTransitions(node, bool) {
+        node.style[TRANSITION_PROP + PROPERTY_KEY] = bool ? 'none' : '';
+      }
+
+      function blockAnimations(node, bool) {
+        node.style[ANIMATION_PROP + ANIMATION_PLAYSTATE_KEY] = bool ? 'paused' : '';
+      }
+
+      function animateBefore(animationEvent, element, className, styles) {
+        if (animateSetup(animationEvent, element, className, styles)) {
+          return function(cancelled) {
+            cancelled && animateClose(element, className);
+          };
+        }
+      }
+
+      function animateAfter(animationEvent, element, className, afterAnimationComplete, styles) {
+        if (element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY)) {
+          return animateRun(animationEvent, element, className, afterAnimationComplete, styles);
+        } else {
+          animateClose(element, className);
+          afterAnimationComplete();
+        }
+      }
+
+      function animate(animationEvent, element, className, animationComplete, options) {
+        //If the animateSetup function doesn't bother returning a
+        //cancellation function then it means that there is no animation
+        //to perform at all
+        var preReflowCancellation = animateBefore(animationEvent, element, className, options.from);
+        if (!preReflowCancellation) {
+          clearCacheAfterReflow();
+          animationComplete();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        //There are two cancellation functions: one is before the first
+        //reflow animation and the second is during the active state
+        //animation. The first function will take care of removing the
+        //data from the element which will not make the 2nd animation
+        //happen in the first place
+        var cancel = preReflowCancellation;
+        afterReflow(element, function() {
+          //once the reflow is complete then we point cancel to
+          //the new cancellation function which will remove all of the
+          //animation properties from the active animation
+          cancel = animateAfter(animationEvent, element, className, animationComplete, options.to);
+        });
+
+        return function(cancelled) {
+          (cancel || noop)(cancelled);
+        };
+      }
+
+      function animateClose(element, className) {
+        $$jqLite.removeClass(element, className);
+        var data = element.data(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY);
+        if (data) {
+          if (data.running) {
+            data.running--;
+          }
+          if (!data.running || data.running === 0) {
+            element.removeData(NG_ANIMATE_CSS_DATA_KEY);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return {
+        animate: function(element, className, from, to, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          options.from = from;
+          options.to = to;
+          return animate('animate', element, className, animationCompleted, options);
+        },
+
+        enter: function(element, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          return animate('enter', element, 'ng-enter', animationCompleted, options);
+        },
+
+        leave: function(element, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          return animate('leave', element, 'ng-leave', animationCompleted, options);
+        },
+
+        move: function(element, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          return animate('move', element, 'ng-move', animationCompleted, options);
+        },
+
+        beforeSetClass: function(element, add, remove, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          var className = suffixClasses(remove, '-remove') + ' ' +
+                          suffixClasses(add, '-add');
+          var cancellationMethod = animateBefore('setClass', element, className, options.from);
+          if (cancellationMethod) {
+            afterReflow(element, animationCompleted);
+            return cancellationMethod;
+          }
+          clearCacheAfterReflow();
+          animationCompleted();
+        },
+
+        beforeAddClass: function(element, className, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          var cancellationMethod = animateBefore('addClass', element, suffixClasses(className, '-add'), options.from);
+          if (cancellationMethod) {
+            afterReflow(element, animationCompleted);
+            return cancellationMethod;
+          }
+          clearCacheAfterReflow();
+          animationCompleted();
+        },
+
+        beforeRemoveClass: function(element, className, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          var cancellationMethod = animateBefore('removeClass', element, suffixClasses(className, '-remove'), options.from);
+          if (cancellationMethod) {
+            afterReflow(element, animationCompleted);
+            return cancellationMethod;
+          }
+          clearCacheAfterReflow();
+          animationCompleted();
+        },
+
+        setClass: function(element, add, remove, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          remove = suffixClasses(remove, '-remove');
+          add = suffixClasses(add, '-add');
+          var className = remove + ' ' + add;
+          return animateAfter('setClass', element, className, animationCompleted, options.to);
+        },
+
+        addClass: function(element, className, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          return animateAfter('addClass', element, suffixClasses(className, '-add'), animationCompleted, options.to);
+        },
+
+        removeClass: function(element, className, animationCompleted, options) {
+          options = options || {};
+          return animateAfter('removeClass', element, suffixClasses(className, '-remove'), animationCompleted, options.to);
+        }
+      };
+
+      function suffixClasses(classes, suffix) {
+        var className = '';
+        classes = isArray(classes) ? classes : classes.split(/\s+/);
+        forEach(classes, function(klass, i) {
+          if (klass && klass.length > 0) {
+            className += (i > 0 ? ' ' : '') + klass + suffix;
+          }
+        });
+        return className;
+      }
+    }]);
+  }]);
+
+
+})(window, window.angular);
+
+/*!
+ * ionic.bundle.js is a concatenation of:
+ * ionic.js, angular.js, angular-animate.js,
+ * angular-sanitize.js, angular-ui-router.js,
+ * and ionic-angular.js
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.3.13
+ * (c) 2010-2014 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, angular, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+var $sanitizeMinErr = angular.$$minErr('$sanitize');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc module
+ * @name ngSanitize
+ * @description
+ *
+ * # ngSanitize
+ *
+ * The `ngSanitize` module provides functionality to sanitize HTML.
+ *
+ *
+ * <div doc-module-components="ngSanitize"></div>
+ *
+ * See {@link ngSanitize.$sanitize `$sanitize`} for usage.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * HTML Parser By Misko Hevery (misko@hevery.com)
+ * based on:  HTML Parser By John Resig (ejohn.org)
+ * Original code by Erik Arvidsson, Mozilla Public License
+ * http://erik.eae.net/simplehtmlparser/simplehtmlparser.js
+ *
+ * // Use like so:
+ * htmlParser(htmlString, {
+ *     start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {},
+ *     end: function(tag) {},
+ *     chars: function(text) {},
+ *     comment: function(text) {}
+ * });
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $sanitize
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   The input is sanitized by parsing the HTML into tokens. All safe tokens (from a whitelist) are
+ *   then serialized back to properly escaped html string. This means that no unsafe input can make
+ *   it into the returned string, however, since our parser is more strict than a typical browser
+ *   parser, it's possible that some obscure input, which would be recognized as valid HTML by a
+ *   browser, won't make it through the sanitizer. The input may also contain SVG markup.
+ *   The whitelist is configured using the functions `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist` and
+ *   `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist` of {@link ng.$compileProvider `$compileProvider`}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} html HTML input.
+ * @returns {string} Sanitized HTML.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="sanitizeExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+   <file name="index.html">
+     <script>
+         angular.module('sanitizeExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$sce', function($scope, $sce) {
+             $scope.snippet =
+               '<p style="color:blue">an html\n' +
+               '<em onmouseover="this.textContent=\'PWN3D!\'">click here</em>\n' +
+               'snippet</p>';
+             $scope.deliberatelyTrustDangerousSnippet = function() {
+               return $sce.trustAsHtml($scope.snippet);
+             };
+           }]);
+     </script>
+     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+        Snippet: <textarea ng-model="snippet" cols="60" rows="3"></textarea>
+       <table>
+         <tr>
+           <td>Directive</td>
+           <td>How</td>
+           <td>Source</td>
+           <td>Rendered</td>
+         </tr>
+         <tr id="bind-html-with-sanitize">
+           <td>ng-bind-html</td>
+           <td>Automatically uses $sanitize</td>
+           <td><pre>&lt;div ng-bind-html="snippet"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre></td>
+           <td><div ng-bind-html="snippet"></div></td>
+         </tr>
+         <tr id="bind-html-with-trust">
+           <td>ng-bind-html</td>
+           <td>Bypass $sanitize by explicitly trusting the dangerous value</td>
+           <td>
+           <pre>&lt;div ng-bind-html="deliberatelyTrustDangerousSnippet()"&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+           </td>
+           <td><div ng-bind-html="deliberatelyTrustDangerousSnippet()"></div></td>
+         </tr>
+         <tr id="bind-default">
+           <td>ng-bind</td>
+           <td>Automatically escapes</td>
+           <td><pre>&lt;div ng-bind="snippet"&gt;<br/>&lt;/div&gt;</pre></td>
+           <td><div ng-bind="snippet"></div></td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       </div>
+   </file>
+   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+     it('should sanitize the html snippet by default', function() {
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-sanitize div')).getInnerHtml()).
+         toBe('<p>an html\n<em>click here</em>\nsnippet</p>');
+     });
+
+     it('should inline raw snippet if bound to a trusted value', function() {
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-trust div')).getInnerHtml()).
+         toBe("<p style=\"color:blue\">an html\n" +
+              "<em onmouseover=\"this.textContent='PWN3D!'\">click here</em>\n" +
+              "snippet</p>");
+     });
+
+     it('should escape snippet without any filter', function() {
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-default div')).getInnerHtml()).
+         toBe("&lt;p style=\"color:blue\"&gt;an html\n" +
+              "&lt;em onmouseover=\"this.textContent='PWN3D!'\"&gt;click here&lt;/em&gt;\n" +
+              "snippet&lt;/p&gt;");
+     });
+
+     it('should update', function() {
+       element(by.model('snippet')).clear();
+       element(by.model('snippet')).sendKeys('new <b onclick="alert(1)">text</b>');
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-sanitize div')).getInnerHtml()).
+         toBe('new <b>text</b>');
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-html-with-trust div')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
+         'new <b onclick="alert(1)">text</b>');
+       expect(element(by.css('#bind-default div')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
+         "new &lt;b onclick=\"alert(1)\"&gt;text&lt;/b&gt;");
+     });
+   </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $SanitizeProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$$sanitizeUri', function($$sanitizeUri) {
+    return function(html) {
+      var buf = [];
+      htmlParser(html, htmlSanitizeWriter(buf, function(uri, isImage) {
+        return !/^unsafe/.test($$sanitizeUri(uri, isImage));
+      }));
+      return buf.join('');
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+function sanitizeText(chars) {
+  var buf = [];
+  var writer = htmlSanitizeWriter(buf, angular.noop);
+  writer.chars(chars);
+  return buf.join('');
+}
+
+
+// Regular Expressions for parsing tags and attributes
+var START_TAG_REGEXP =
+       /^<((?:[a-zA-Z])[\w:-]*)((?:\s+[\w:-]+(?:\s*=\s*(?:(?:"[^"]*")|(?:'[^']*')|[^>\s]+))?)*)\s*(\/?)\s*(>?)/,
+  END_TAG_REGEXP = /^<\/\s*([\w:-]+)[^>]*>/,
+  ATTR_REGEXP = /([\w:-]+)(?:\s*=\s*(?:(?:"((?:[^"])*)")|(?:'((?:[^'])*)')|([^>\s]+)))?/g,
+  BEGIN_TAG_REGEXP = /^</,
+  BEGING_END_TAGE_REGEXP = /^<\//,
+  COMMENT_REGEXP = /<!--(.*?)-->/g,
+  DOCTYPE_REGEXP = /<!DOCTYPE([^>]*?)>/i,
+  CDATA_REGEXP = /<!\[CDATA\[(.*?)]]>/g,
+  SURROGATE_PAIR_REGEXP = /[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]/g,
+  // Match everything outside of normal chars and " (quote character)
+  NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEXP = /([^\#-~| |!])/g;
+
+
+// Good source of info about elements and attributes
+// http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#semantics
+// http://simon.html5.org/html-elements
+
+// Safe Void Elements - HTML5
+// http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#void-elements
+var voidElements = makeMap("area,br,col,hr,img,wbr");
+
+// Elements that you can, intentionally, leave open (and which close themselves)
+// http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#optional-tags
+var optionalEndTagBlockElements = makeMap("colgroup,dd,dt,li,p,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,tr"),
+    optionalEndTagInlineElements = makeMap("rp,rt"),
+    optionalEndTagElements = angular.extend({},
+                                            optionalEndTagInlineElements,
+                                            optionalEndTagBlockElements);
+
+// Safe Block Elements - HTML5
+var blockElements = angular.extend({}, optionalEndTagBlockElements, makeMap("address,article," +
+        "aside,blockquote,caption,center,del,dir,div,dl,figure,figcaption,footer,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5," +
+        "h6,header,hgroup,hr,ins,map,menu,nav,ol,pre,script,section,table,ul"));
+
+// Inline Elements - HTML5
+var inlineElements = angular.extend({}, optionalEndTagInlineElements, makeMap("a,abbr,acronym,b," +
+        "bdi,bdo,big,br,cite,code,del,dfn,em,font,i,img,ins,kbd,label,map,mark,q,ruby,rp,rt,s," +
+        "samp,small,span,strike,strong,sub,sup,time,tt,u,var"));
+
+// SVG Elements
+// https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Sanitization_rules#svg_Elements
+var svgElements = makeMap("animate,animateColor,animateMotion,animateTransform,circle,defs," +
+        "desc,ellipse,font-face,font-face-name,font-face-src,g,glyph,hkern,image,linearGradient," +
+        "line,marker,metadata,missing-glyph,mpath,path,polygon,polyline,radialGradient,rect,set," +
+        "stop,svg,switch,text,title,tspan,use");
+
+// Special Elements (can contain anything)
+var specialElements = makeMap("script,style");
+
+var validElements = angular.extend({},
+                                   voidElements,
+                                   blockElements,
+                                   inlineElements,
+                                   optionalEndTagElements,
+                                   svgElements);
+
+//Attributes that have href and hence need to be sanitized
+var uriAttrs = makeMap("background,cite,href,longdesc,src,usemap,xlink:href");
+
+var htmlAttrs = makeMap('abbr,align,alt,axis,bgcolor,border,cellpadding,cellspacing,class,clear,' +
+    'color,cols,colspan,compact,coords,dir,face,headers,height,hreflang,hspace,' +
+    'ismap,lang,language,nohref,nowrap,rel,rev,rows,rowspan,rules,' +
+    'scope,scrolling,shape,size,span,start,summary,target,title,type,' +
+    'valign,value,vspace,width');
+
+// SVG attributes (without "id" and "name" attributes)
+// https://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/Sanitization_rules#svg_Attributes
+var svgAttrs = makeMap('accent-height,accumulate,additive,alphabetic,arabic-form,ascent,' +
+    'attributeName,attributeType,baseProfile,bbox,begin,by,calcMode,cap-height,class,color,' +
+    'color-rendering,content,cx,cy,d,dx,dy,descent,display,dur,end,fill,fill-rule,font-family,' +
+    'font-size,font-stretch,font-style,font-variant,font-weight,from,fx,fy,g1,g2,glyph-name,' +
+    'gradientUnits,hanging,height,horiz-adv-x,horiz-origin-x,ideographic,k,keyPoints,' +
+    'keySplines,keyTimes,lang,marker-end,marker-mid,marker-start,markerHeight,markerUnits,' +
+    'markerWidth,mathematical,max,min,offset,opacity,orient,origin,overline-position,' +
+    'overline-thickness,panose-1,path,pathLength,points,preserveAspectRatio,r,refX,refY,' +
+    'repeatCount,repeatDur,requiredExtensions,requiredFeatures,restart,rotate,rx,ry,slope,stemh,' +
+    'stemv,stop-color,stop-opacity,strikethrough-position,strikethrough-thickness,stroke,' +
+    'stroke-dasharray,stroke-dashoffset,stroke-linecap,stroke-linejoin,stroke-miterlimit,' +
+    'stroke-opacity,stroke-width,systemLanguage,target,text-anchor,to,transform,type,u1,u2,' +
+    'underline-position,underline-thickness,unicode,unicode-range,units-per-em,values,version,' +
+    'viewBox,visibility,width,widths,x,x-height,x1,x2,xlink:actuate,xlink:arcrole,xlink:role,' +
+    'xlink:show,xlink:title,xlink:type,xml:base,xml:lang,xml:space,xmlns,xmlns:xlink,y,y1,y2,' +
+    'zoomAndPan');
+
+var validAttrs = angular.extend({},
+                                uriAttrs,
+                                svgAttrs,
+                                htmlAttrs);
+
+function makeMap(str) {
+  var obj = {}, items = str.split(','), i;
+  for (i = 0; i < items.length; i++) obj[items[i]] = true;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @example
+ * htmlParser(htmlString, {
+ *     start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {},
+ *     end: function(tag) {},
+ *     chars: function(text) {},
+ *     comment: function(text) {}
+ * });
+ *
+ * @param {string} html string
+ * @param {object} handler
+ */
+function htmlParser(html, handler) {
+  if (typeof html !== 'string') {
+    if (html === null || typeof html === 'undefined') {
+      html = '';
+    } else {
+      html = '' + html;
+    }
+  }
+  var index, chars, match, stack = [], last = html, text;
+  stack.last = function() { return stack[stack.length - 1]; };
+
+  while (html) {
+    text = '';
+    chars = true;
+
+    // Make sure we're not in a script or style element
+    if (!stack.last() || !specialElements[stack.last()]) {
+
+      // Comment
+      if (html.indexOf("<!--") === 0) {
+        // comments containing -- are not allowed unless they terminate the comment
+        index = html.indexOf("--", 4);
+
+        if (index >= 0 && html.lastIndexOf("-->", index) === index) {
+          if (handler.comment) handler.comment(html.substring(4, index));
+          html = html.substring(index + 3);
+          chars = false;
+        }
+      // DOCTYPE
+      } else if (DOCTYPE_REGEXP.test(html)) {
+        match = html.match(DOCTYPE_REGEXP);
+
+        if (match) {
+          html = html.replace(match[0], '');
+          chars = false;
+        }
+      // end tag
+      } else if (BEGING_END_TAGE_REGEXP.test(html)) {
+        match = html.match(END_TAG_REGEXP);
+
+        if (match) {
+          html = html.substring(match[0].length);
+          match[0].replace(END_TAG_REGEXP, parseEndTag);
+          chars = false;
+        }
+
+      // start tag
+      } else if (BEGIN_TAG_REGEXP.test(html)) {
+        match = html.match(START_TAG_REGEXP);
+
+        if (match) {
+          // We only have a valid start-tag if there is a '>'.
+          if (match[4]) {
+            html = html.substring(match[0].length);
+            match[0].replace(START_TAG_REGEXP, parseStartTag);
+          }
+          chars = false;
+        } else {
+          // no ending tag found --- this piece should be encoded as an entity.
+          text += '<';
+          html = html.substring(1);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (chars) {
+        index = html.indexOf("<");
+
+        text += index < 0 ? html : html.substring(0, index);
+        html = index < 0 ? "" : html.substring(index);
+
+        if (handler.chars) handler.chars(decodeEntities(text));
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // IE versions 9 and 10 do not understand the regex '[^]', so using a workaround with [\W\w].
+      html = html.replace(new RegExp("([\\W\\w]*)<\\s*\\/\\s*" + stack.last() + "[^>]*>", 'i'),
+        function(all, text) {
+          text = text.replace(COMMENT_REGEXP, "$1").replace(CDATA_REGEXP, "$1");
+
+          if (handler.chars) handler.chars(decodeEntities(text));
+
+          return "";
+      });
+
+      parseEndTag("", stack.last());
+    }
+
+    if (html == last) {
+      throw $sanitizeMinErr('badparse', "The sanitizer was unable to parse the following block " +
+                                        "of html: {0}", html);
+    }
+    last = html;
+  }
+
+  // Clean up any remaining tags
+  parseEndTag();
+
+  function parseStartTag(tag, tagName, rest, unary) {
+    tagName = angular.lowercase(tagName);
+    if (blockElements[tagName]) {
+      while (stack.last() && inlineElements[stack.last()]) {
+        parseEndTag("", stack.last());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (optionalEndTagElements[tagName] && stack.last() == tagName) {
+      parseEndTag("", tagName);
+    }
+
+    unary = voidElements[tagName] || !!unary;
+
+    if (!unary)
+      stack.push(tagName);
+
+    var attrs = {};
+
+    rest.replace(ATTR_REGEXP,
+      function(match, name, doubleQuotedValue, singleQuotedValue, unquotedValue) {
+        var value = doubleQuotedValue
+          || singleQuotedValue
+          || unquotedValue
+          || '';
+
+        attrs[name] = decodeEntities(value);
+    });
+    if (handler.start) handler.start(tagName, attrs, unary);
+  }
+
+  function parseEndTag(tag, tagName) {
+    var pos = 0, i;
+    tagName = angular.lowercase(tagName);
+    if (tagName)
+      // Find the closest opened tag of the same type
+      for (pos = stack.length - 1; pos >= 0; pos--)
+        if (stack[pos] == tagName)
+          break;
+
+    if (pos >= 0) {
+      // Close all the open elements, up the stack
+      for (i = stack.length - 1; i >= pos; i--)
+        if (handler.end) handler.end(stack[i]);
+
+      // Remove the open elements from the stack
+      stack.length = pos;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+var hiddenPre=document.createElement("pre");
+var spaceRe = /^(\s*)([\s\S]*?)(\s*)$/;
+/**
+ * decodes all entities into regular string
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {string} A string with decoded entities.
+ */
+function decodeEntities(value) {
+  if (!value) { return ''; }
+
+  // Note: IE8 does not preserve spaces at the start/end of innerHTML
+  // so we must capture them and reattach them afterward
+  var parts = spaceRe.exec(value);
+  var spaceBefore = parts[1];
+  var spaceAfter = parts[3];
+  var content = parts[2];
+  if (content) {
+    hiddenPre.innerHTML=content.replace(/</g,"&lt;");
+    // innerText depends on styling as it doesn't display hidden elements.
+    // Therefore, it's better to use textContent not to cause unnecessary
+    // reflows. However, IE<9 don't support textContent so the innerText
+    // fallback is necessary.
+    content = 'textContent' in hiddenPre ?
+      hiddenPre.textContent : hiddenPre.innerText;
+  }
+  return spaceBefore + content + spaceAfter;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Escapes all potentially dangerous characters, so that the
+ * resulting string can be safely inserted into attribute or
+ * element text.
+ * @param value
+ * @returns {string} escaped text
+ */
+function encodeEntities(value) {
+  return value.
+    replace(/&/g, '&amp;').
+    replace(SURROGATE_PAIR_REGEXP, function(value) {
+      var hi = value.charCodeAt(0);
+      var low = value.charCodeAt(1);
+      return '&#' + (((hi - 0xD800) * 0x400) + (low - 0xDC00) + 0x10000) + ';';
+    }).
+    replace(NON_ALPHANUMERIC_REGEXP, function(value) {
+      return '&#' + value.charCodeAt(0) + ';';
+    }).
+    replace(/</g, '&lt;').
+    replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
+}
+
+/**
+ * create an HTML/XML writer which writes to buffer
+ * @param {Array} buf use buf.jain('') to get out sanitized html string
+ * @returns {object} in the form of {
+ *     start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {},
+ *     end: function(tag) {},
+ *     chars: function(text) {},
+ *     comment: function(text) {}
+ * }
+ */
+function htmlSanitizeWriter(buf, uriValidator) {
+  var ignore = false;
+  var out = angular.bind(buf, buf.push);
+  return {
+    start: function(tag, attrs, unary) {
+      tag = angular.lowercase(tag);
+      if (!ignore && specialElements[tag]) {
+        ignore = tag;
+      }
+      if (!ignore && validElements[tag] === true) {
+        out('<');
+        out(tag);
+        angular.forEach(attrs, function(value, key) {
+          var lkey=angular.lowercase(key);
+          var isImage = (tag === 'img' && lkey === 'src') || (lkey === 'background');
+          if (validAttrs[lkey] === true &&
+            (uriAttrs[lkey] !== true || uriValidator(value, isImage))) {
+            out(' ');
+            out(key);
+            out('="');
+            out(encodeEntities(value));
+            out('"');
+          }
+        });
+        out(unary ? '/>' : '>');
+      }
+    },
+    end: function(tag) {
+        tag = angular.lowercase(tag);
+        if (!ignore && validElements[tag] === true) {
+          out('</');
+          out(tag);
+          out('>');
+        }
+        if (tag == ignore) {
+          ignore = false;
+        }
+      },
+    chars: function(chars) {
+        if (!ignore) {
+          out(encodeEntities(chars));
+        }
+      }
+  };
+}
+
+
+// define ngSanitize module and register $sanitize service
+angular.module('ngSanitize', []).provider('$sanitize', $SanitizeProvider);
+
+/* global sanitizeText: false */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name linky
+ * @kind function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Finds links in text input and turns them into html links. Supports http/https/ftp/mailto and
+ * plain email address links.
+ *
+ * Requires the {@link ngSanitize `ngSanitize`} module to be installed.
+ *
+ * @param {string} text Input text.
+ * @param {string} target Window (_blank|_self|_parent|_top) or named frame to open links in.
+ * @returns {string} Html-linkified text.
+ *
+ * @usage
+   <span ng-bind-html="linky_expression | linky"></span>
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example module="linkyExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <script>
+         angular.module('linkyExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
+             $scope.snippet =
+               'Pretty text with some links:\n'+
+               'http://angularjs.org/,\n'+
+               'mailto:us@somewhere.org,\n'+
+               'another@somewhere.org,\n'+
+               'and one more: ftp://127.0.0.1/.';
+             $scope.snippetWithTarget = 'http://angularjs.org/';
+           }]);
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
+       Snippet: <textarea ng-model="snippet" cols="60" rows="3"></textarea>
+       <table>
+         <tr>
+           <td>Filter</td>
+           <td>Source</td>
+           <td>Rendered</td>
+         </tr>
+         <tr id="linky-filter">
+           <td>linky filter</td>
+           <td>
+             <pre>&lt;div ng-bind-html="snippet | linky"&gt;<br>&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+           </td>
+           <td>
+             <div ng-bind-html="snippet | linky"></div>
+           </td>
+         </tr>
+         <tr id="linky-target">
+          <td>linky target</td>
+          <td>
+            <pre>&lt;div ng-bind-html="snippetWithTarget | linky:'_blank'"&gt;<br>&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+          </td>
+          <td>
+            <div ng-bind-html="snippetWithTarget | linky:'_blank'"></div>
+          </td>
+         </tr>
+         <tr id="escaped-html">
+           <td>no filter</td>
+           <td><pre>&lt;div ng-bind="snippet"&gt;<br>&lt;/div&gt;</pre></td>
+           <td><div ng-bind="snippet"></div></td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </file>
+     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
+       it('should linkify the snippet with urls', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('linky-filter')).element(by.binding('snippet | linky')).getText()).
+             toBe('Pretty text with some links: http://angularjs.org/, us@somewhere.org, ' +
+                  'another@somewhere.org, and one more: ftp://127.0.0.1/.');
+         expect(element.all(by.css('#linky-filter a')).count()).toEqual(4);
+       });
+
+       it('should not linkify snippet without the linky filter', function() {
+         expect(element(by.id('escaped-html')).element(by.binding('snippet')).getText()).
+             toBe('Pretty text with some links: http://angularjs.org/, mailto:us@somewhere.org, ' +
+                  'another@somewhere.org, and one more: ftp://127.0.0.1/.');
+         expect(element.all(by.css('#escaped-html a')).count()).toEqual(0);
+       });
+
+       it('should update', function() {
+         element(by.model('snippet')).clear();
+         element(by.model('snippet')).sendKeys('new http://link.');
+         expect(element(by.id('linky-filter')).element(by.binding('snippet | linky')).getText()).
+             toBe('new http://link.');
+         expect(element.all(by.css('#linky-filter a')).count()).toEqual(1);
+         expect(element(by.id('escaped-html')).element(by.binding('snippet')).getText())
+             .toBe('new http://link.');
+       });
+
+       it('should work with the target property', function() {
+        expect(element(by.id('linky-target')).
+            element(by.binding("snippetWithTarget | linky:'_blank'")).getText()).
+            toBe('http://angularjs.org/');
+        expect(element(by.css('#linky-target a')).getAttribute('target')).toEqual('_blank');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+angular.module('ngSanitize').filter('linky', ['$sanitize', function($sanitize) {
+  var LINKY_URL_REGEXP =
+        /((ftp|https?):\/\/|(www\.)|(mailto:)?[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@)\S*[^\s.;,(){}<>"”’]/,
+      MAILTO_REGEXP = /^mailto:/;
+
+  return function(text, target) {
+    if (!text) return text;
+    var match;
+    var raw = text;
+    var html = [];
+    var url;
+    var i;
+    while ((match = raw.match(LINKY_URL_REGEXP))) {
+      // We can not end in these as they are sometimes found at the end of the sentence
+      url = match[0];
+      // if we did not match ftp/http/www/mailto then assume mailto
+      if (!match[2] && !match[4]) {
+        url = (match[3] ? 'http://' : 'mailto:') + url;
+      }
+      i = match.index;
+      addText(raw.substr(0, i));
+      addLink(url, match[0].replace(MAILTO_REGEXP, ''));
+      raw = raw.substring(i + match[0].length);
+    }
+    addText(raw);
+    return $sanitize(html.join(''));
+
+    function addText(text) {
+      if (!text) {
+        return;
+      }
+      html.push(sanitizeText(text));
+    }
+
+    function addLink(url, text) {
+      html.push('<a ');
+      if (angular.isDefined(target)) {
+        html.push('target="',
+                  target,
+                  '" ');
+      }
+      html.push('href="',
+                url.replace(/"/g, '&quot;'),
+                '">');
+      addText(text);
+      html.push('</a>');
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+})(window, window.angular);
+
+/*!
+ * ionic.bundle.js is a concatenation of:
+ * ionic.js, angular.js, angular-animate.js,
+ * angular-sanitize.js, angular-ui-router.js,
+ * and ionic-angular.js
+ */
+
+/**
+ * State-based routing for AngularJS
+ * @version v0.2.13
+ * @link http://angular-ui.github.com/
+ * @license MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+/* commonjs package manager support (eg componentjs) */
+if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof exports !== "undefined" && module.exports === exports){
+  module.exports = 'ui.router';
+}
+
+(function (window, angular, undefined) {
+/*jshint globalstrict:true*/
+/*global angular:false*/
+'use strict';
+
+var isDefined = angular.isDefined,
+    isFunction = angular.isFunction,
+    isString = angular.isString,
+    isObject = angular.isObject,
+    isArray = angular.isArray,
+    forEach = angular.forEach,
+    extend = angular.extend,
+    copy = angular.copy;
+
+function inherit(parent, extra) {
+  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, { prototype: parent }))(), extra);
+}
+
+function merge(dst) {
+  forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
+    if (obj !== dst) {
+      forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
+        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) dst[key] = value;
+      });
+    }
+  });
+  return dst;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds the common ancestor path between two states.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} first The first state.
+ * @param {Object} second The second state.
+ * @return {Array} Returns an array of state names in descending order, not including the root.
+ */
+function ancestors(first, second) {
+  var path = [];
+
+  for (var n in first.path) {
+    if (first.path[n] !== second.path[n]) break;
+    path.push(first.path[n]);
+  }
+  return path;
+}
+
+/**
+ * IE8-safe wrapper for `Object.keys()`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} object A JavaScript object.
+ * @return {Array} Returns the keys of the object as an array.
+ */
+function objectKeys(object) {
+  if (Object.keys) {
+    return Object.keys(object);
+  }
+  var result = [];
+
+  angular.forEach(object, function(val, key) {
+    result.push(key);
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * IE8-safe wrapper for `Array.prototype.indexOf()`.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array A JavaScript array.
+ * @param {*} value A value to search the array for.
+ * @return {Number} Returns the array index value of `value`, or `-1` if not present.
+ */
+function indexOf(array, value) {
+  if (Array.prototype.indexOf) {
+    return array.indexOf(value, Number(arguments[2]) || 0);
+  }
+  var len = array.length >>> 0, from = Number(arguments[2]) || 0;
+  from = (from < 0) ? Math.ceil(from) : Math.floor(from);
+
+  if (from < 0) from += len;
+
+  for (; from < len; from++) {
+    if (from in array && array[from] === value) return from;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges a set of parameters with all parameters inherited between the common parents of the
+ * current state and a given destination state.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} currentParams The value of the current state parameters ($stateParams).
+ * @param {Object} newParams The set of parameters which will be composited with inherited params.
+ * @param {Object} $current Internal definition of object representing the current state.
+ * @param {Object} $to Internal definition of object representing state to transition to.
+ */
+function inheritParams(currentParams, newParams, $current, $to) {
+  var parents = ancestors($current, $to), parentParams, inherited = {}, inheritList = [];
+
+  for (var i in parents) {
+    if (!parents[i].params) continue;
+    parentParams = objectKeys(parents[i].params);
+    if (!parentParams.length) continue;
+
+    for (var j in parentParams) {
+      if (indexOf(inheritList, parentParams[j]) >= 0) continue;
+      inheritList.push(parentParams[j]);
+      inherited[parentParams[j]] = currentParams[parentParams[j]];
+    }
+  }
+  return extend({}, inherited, newParams);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Performs a non-strict comparison of the subset of two objects, defined by a list of keys.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} a The first object.
+ * @param {Object} b The second object.
+ * @param {Array} keys The list of keys within each object to compare. If the list is empty or not specified,
+ *                     it defaults to the list of keys in `a`.
+ * @return {Boolean} Returns `true` if the keys match, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+function equalForKeys(a, b, keys) {
+  if (!keys) {
+    keys = [];
+    for (var n in a) keys.push(n); // Used instead of Object.keys() for IE8 compatibility
+  }
+
+  for (var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
+    var k = keys[i];
+    if (a[k] != b[k]) return false; // Not '===', values aren't necessarily normalized
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the subset of an object, based on a list of keys.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} keys
+ * @param {Object} values
+ * @return {Boolean} Returns a subset of `values`.
+ */
+function filterByKeys(keys, values) {
+  var filtered = {};
+
+  forEach(keys, function (name) {
+    filtered[name] = values[name];
+  });
+  return filtered;
+}
+
+// like _.indexBy
+// when you know that your index values will be unique, or you want last-one-in to win
+function indexBy(array, propName) {
+  var result = {};
+  forEach(array, function(item) {
+    result[item[propName]] = item;
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+// extracted from underscore.js
+// Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
+function pick(obj) {
+  var copy = {};
+  var keys = Array.prototype.concat.apply(Array.prototype, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  forEach(keys, function(key) {
+    if (key in obj) copy[key] = obj[key];
+  });
+  return copy;
+}
+
+// extracted from underscore.js
+// Return a copy of the object omitting the blacklisted properties.
+function omit(obj) {
+  var copy = {};
+  var keys = Array.prototype.concat.apply(Array.prototype, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  for (var key in obj) {
+    if (indexOf(keys, key) == -1) copy[key] = obj[key];
+  }
+  return copy;
+}
+
+function pluck(collection, key) {
+  var result = isArray(collection) ? [] : {};
+
+  forEach(collection, function(val, i) {
+    result[i] = isFunction(key) ? key(val) : val[key];
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+function filter(collection, callback) {
+  var array = isArray(collection);
+  var result = array ? [] : {};
+  forEach(collection, function(val, i) {
+    if (callback(val, i)) {
+      result[array ? result.length : i] = val;
+    }
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+function map(collection, callback) {
+  var result = isArray(collection) ? [] : {};
+
+  forEach(collection, function(val, i) {
+    result[i] = callback(val, i);
+  });
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router.util
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router.util sub-module
+ *
+ * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
+ * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
+ *
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router.util', ['ng']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router.router
+ * 
+ * @requires ui.router.util
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router.router sub-module
+ *
+ * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
+ * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router.router', ['ui.router.util']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router.state
+ * 
+ * @requires ui.router.router
+ * @requires ui.router.util
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router.state sub-module
+ *
+ * This module is a dependency of the main ui.router module. Do not include this module as a dependency
+ * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
+ * 
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router.state', ['ui.router.router', 'ui.router.util']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name ui.router
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # ui.router
+ * 
+ * ## The main module for ui.router 
+ * There are several sub-modules included with the ui.router module, however only this module is needed
+ * as a dependency within your angular app. The other modules are for organization purposes. 
+ *
+ * The modules are:
+ * * ui.router - the main "umbrella" module
+ * * ui.router.router - 
+ * 
+ * *You'll need to include **only** this module as the dependency within your angular app.*
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * <!doctype html>
+ * <html ng-app="myApp">
+ * <head>
+ *   <script src="js/angular.js"></script>
+ *   <!-- Include the ui-router script -->
+ *   <script src="js/angular-ui-router.min.js"></script>
+ *   <script>
+ *     // ...and add 'ui.router' as a dependency
+ *     var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['ui.router']);
+ *   </script>
+ * </head>
+ * <body>
+ * </body>
+ * </html>
+ * </pre>
+ */
+angular.module('ui.router', ['ui.router.state']);
+
+angular.module('ui.router.compat', ['ui.router']);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.$resolve
+ *
+ * @requires $q
+ * @requires $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Manages resolution of (acyclic) graphs of promises.
+ */
+$Resolve.$inject = ['$q', '$injector'];
+function $Resolve(  $q,    $injector) {
+  
+  var VISIT_IN_PROGRESS = 1,
+      VISIT_DONE = 2,
+      NOTHING = {},
+      NO_DEPENDENCIES = [],
+      NO_LOCALS = NOTHING,
+      NO_PARENT = extend($q.when(NOTHING), { $$promises: NOTHING, $$values: NOTHING });
+  
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#study
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Studies a set of invocables that are likely to be used multiple times.
+   * <pre>
+   * $resolve.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self)
+   * </pre>
+   * is equivalent to
+   * <pre>
+   * $resolve.resolve(invocables, locals, parent, self)
+   * </pre>
+   * but the former is more efficient (in fact `resolve` just calls `study` 
+   * internally).
+   *
+   * @param {object} invocables Invocable objects
+   * @return {function} a function to pass in locals, parent and self
+   */
+  this.study = function (invocables) {
+    if (!isObject(invocables)) throw new Error("'invocables' must be an object");
+    var invocableKeys = objectKeys(invocables || {});
+    
+    // Perform a topological sort of invocables to build an ordered plan
+    var plan = [], cycle = [], visited = {};
+    function visit(value, key) {
+      if (visited[key] === VISIT_DONE) return;
+      
+      cycle.push(key);
+      if (visited[key] === VISIT_IN_PROGRESS) {
+        cycle.splice(0, indexOf(cycle, key));
+        throw new Error("Cyclic dependency: " + cycle.join(" -> "));
+      }
+      visited[key] = VISIT_IN_PROGRESS;
+      
+      if (isString(value)) {
+        plan.push(key, [ function() { return $injector.get(value); }], NO_DEPENDENCIES);
+      } else {
+        var params = $injector.annotate(value);
+        forEach(params, function (param) {
+          if (param !== key && invocables.hasOwnProperty(param)) visit(invocables[param], param);
+        });
+        plan.push(key, value, params);
+      }
+      
+      cycle.pop();
+      visited[key] = VISIT_DONE;
+    }
+    forEach(invocables, visit);
+    invocables = cycle = visited = null; // plan is all that's required
+    
+    function isResolve(value) {
+      return isObject(value) && value.then && value.$$promises;
+    }
+    
+    return function (locals, parent, self) {
+      if (isResolve(locals) && self === undefined) {
+        self = parent; parent = locals; locals = null;
+      }
+      if (!locals) locals = NO_LOCALS;
+      else if (!isObject(locals)) {
+        throw new Error("'locals' must be an object");
+      }       
+      if (!parent) parent = NO_PARENT;
+      else if (!isResolve(parent)) {
+        throw new Error("'parent' must be a promise returned by $resolve.resolve()");
+      }
+      
+      // To complete the overall resolution, we have to wait for the parent
+      // promise and for the promise for each invokable in our plan.
+      var resolution = $q.defer(),
+          result = resolution.promise,
+          promises = result.$$promises = {},
+          values = extend({}, locals),
+          wait = 1 + plan.length/3,
+          merged = false;
+          
+      function done() {
+        // Merge parent values we haven't got yet and publish our own $$values
+        if (!--wait) {
+          if (!merged) merge(values, parent.$$values); 
+          result.$$values = values;
+          result.$$promises = result.$$promises || true; // keep for isResolve()
+          delete result.$$inheritedValues;
+          resolution.resolve(values);
+        }
+      }
+      
+      function fail(reason) {
+        result.$$failure = reason;
+        resolution.reject(reason);
+      }
+
+      // Short-circuit if parent has already failed
+      if (isDefined(parent.$$failure)) {
+        fail(parent.$$failure);
+        return result;
+      }
+      
+      if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
+        merge(values, omit(parent.$$inheritedValues, invocableKeys));
+      }
+
+      // Merge parent values if the parent has already resolved, or merge
+      // parent promises and wait if the parent resolve is still in progress.
+      extend(promises, parent.$$promises);
+      if (parent.$$values) {
+        merged = merge(values, omit(parent.$$values, invocableKeys));
+        result.$$inheritedValues = omit(parent.$$values, invocableKeys);
+        done();
+      } else {
+        if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
+          result.$$inheritedValues = omit(parent.$$inheritedValues, invocableKeys);
+        }        
+        parent.then(done, fail);
+      }
+      
+      // Process each invocable in the plan, but ignore any where a local of the same name exists.
+      for (var i=0, ii=plan.length; i<ii; i+=3) {
+        if (locals.hasOwnProperty(plan[i])) done();
+        else invoke(plan[i], plan[i+1], plan[i+2]);
+      }
+      
+      function invoke(key, invocable, params) {
+        // Create a deferred for this invocation. Failures will propagate to the resolution as well.
+        var invocation = $q.defer(), waitParams = 0;
+        function onfailure(reason) {
+          invocation.reject(reason);
+          fail(reason);
+        }
+        // Wait for any parameter that we have a promise for (either from parent or from this
+        // resolve; in that case study() will have made sure it's ordered before us in the plan).
+        forEach(params, function (dep) {
+          if (promises.hasOwnProperty(dep) && !locals.hasOwnProperty(dep)) {
+            waitParams++;
+            promises[dep].then(function (result) {
+              values[dep] = result;
+              if (!(--waitParams)) proceed();
+            }, onfailure);
+          }
+        });
+        if (!waitParams) proceed();
+        function proceed() {
+          if (isDefined(result.$$failure)) return;
+          try {
+            invocation.resolve($injector.invoke(invocable, self, values));
+            invocation.promise.then(function (result) {
+              values[key] = result;
+              done();
+            }, onfailure);
+          } catch (e) {
+            onfailure(e);
+          }
+        }
+        // Publish promise synchronously; invocations further down in the plan may depend on it.
+        promises[key] = invocation.promise;
+      }
+      
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+  
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#resolve
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Resolves a set of invocables. An invocable is a function to be invoked via 
+   * `$injector.invoke()`, and can have an arbitrary number of dependencies. 
+   * An invocable can either return a value directly,
+   * or a `$q` promise. If a promise is returned it will be resolved and the 
+   * resulting value will be used instead. Dependencies of invocables are resolved 
+   * (in this order of precedence)
+   *
+   * - from the specified `locals`
+   * - from another invocable that is part of this `$resolve` call
+   * - from an invocable that is inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` 
+   *   (or recursively
+   * - from any ancestor `$resolve` of that parent).
+   *
+   * The return value of `$resolve` is a promise for an object that contains 
+   * (in this order of precedence)
+   *
+   * - any `locals` (if specified)
+   * - the resolved return values of all injectables
+   * - any values inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` (if specified)
+   *
+   * The promise will resolve after the `parent` promise (if any) and all promises 
+   * returned by injectables have been resolved. If any invocable 
+   * (or `$injector.invoke`) throws an exception, or if a promise returned by an 
+   * invocable is rejected, the `$resolve` promise is immediately rejected with the 
+   * same error. A rejection of a `parent` promise (if specified) will likewise be 
+   * propagated immediately. Once the `$resolve` promise has been rejected, no 
+   * further invocables will be called.
+   * 
+   * Cyclic dependencies between invocables are not permitted and will caues `$resolve`
+   * to throw an error. As a special case, an injectable can depend on a parameter 
+   * with the same name as the injectable, which will be fulfilled from the `parent` 
+   * injectable of the same name. This allows inherited values to be decorated. 
+   * Note that in this case any other injectable in the same `$resolve` with the same
+   * dependency would see the decorated value, not the inherited value.
+   *
+   * Note that missing dependencies -- unlike cyclic dependencies -- will cause an 
+   * (asynchronous) rejection of the `$resolve` promise rather than a (synchronous) 
+   * exception.
+   *
+   * Invocables are invoked eagerly as soon as all dependencies are available. 
+   * This is true even for dependencies inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve`.
+   *
+   * As a special case, an invocable can be a string, in which case it is taken to 
+   * be a service name to be passed to `$injector.get()`. This is supported primarily 
+   * for backwards-compatibility with the `resolve` property of `$routeProvider` 
+   * routes.
+   *
+   * @param {object} invocables functions to invoke or 
+   * `$injector` services to fetch.
+   * @param {object} locals  values to make available to the injectables
+   * @param {object} parent  a promise returned by another call to `$resolve`.
+   * @param {object} self  the `this` for the invoked methods
+   * @return {object} Promise for an object that contains the resolved return value
+   * of all invocables, as well as any inherited and local values.
+   */
+  this.resolve = function (invocables, locals, parent, self) {
+    return this.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self);
+  };
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$resolve', $Resolve);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+ *
+ * @requires $http
+ * @requires $templateCache
+ * @requires $injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Service. Manages loading of templates.
+ */
+$TemplateFactory.$inject = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$injector'];
+function $TemplateFactory(  $http,   $templateCache,   $injector) {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromConfig
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a template from a configuration object. 
+   *
+   * @param {object} config Configuration object for which to load a template. 
+   * The following properties are search in the specified order, and the first one 
+   * that is defined is used to create the template:
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} config.template html string template or function to 
+   * load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString fromString}.
+   * @param {string|object} config.templateUrl url to load or a function returning 
+   * the url to load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl fromUrl}.
+   * @param {Function} config.templateProvider function to invoke via 
+   * {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider fromProvider}.
+   * @param {object} params  Parameters to pass to the template function.
+   * @param {object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke` if the template is loaded 
+   * via a `templateProvider`. Defaults to `{ params: params }`.
+   *
+   * @return {string|object}  The template html as a string, or a promise for 
+   * that string,or `null` if no template is configured.
+   */
+  this.fromConfig = function (config, params, locals) {
+    return (
+      isDefined(config.template) ? this.fromString(config.template, params) :
+      isDefined(config.templateUrl) ? this.fromUrl(config.templateUrl, params) :
+      isDefined(config.templateProvider) ? this.fromProvider(config.templateProvider, params, locals) :
+      null
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a template from a string or a function returning a string.
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} template html template as a string or function that 
+   * returns an html template as a string.
+   * @param {object} params Parameters to pass to the template function.
+   *
+   * @return {string|object} The template html as a string, or a promise for that 
+   * string.
+   */
+  this.fromString = function (template, params) {
+    return isFunction(template) ? template(params) : template;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   * 
+   * @description
+   * Loads a template from the a URL via `$http` and `$templateCache`.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Function} url url of the template to load, or a function 
+   * that returns a url.
+   * @param {Object} params Parameters to pass to the url function.
+   * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise 
+   * for that string.
+   */
+  this.fromUrl = function (url, params) {
+    if (isFunction(url)) url = url(params);
+    if (url == null) return null;
+    else return $http
+        .get(url, { cache: $templateCache, headers: { Accept: 'text/html' }})
+        .then(function(response) { return response.data; });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a template by invoking an injectable provider function.
+   *
+   * @param {Function} provider Function to invoke via `$injector.invoke`
+   * @param {Object} params Parameters for the template.
+   * @param {Object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke`. Defaults to 
+   * `{ params: params }`.
+   * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise 
+   * for that string.
+   */
+  this.fromProvider = function (provider, params, locals) {
+    return $injector.invoke(provider, null, locals || { params: params });
+  };
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$templateFactory', $TemplateFactory);
+
+var $$UMFP; // reference to $UrlMatcherFactoryProvider
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Matches URLs against patterns and extracts named parameters from the path or the search
+ * part of the URL. A URL pattern consists of a path pattern, optionally followed by '?' and a list
+ * of search parameters. Multiple search parameter names are separated by '&'. Search parameters
+ * do not influence whether or not a URL is matched, but their values are passed through into
+ * the matched parameters returned by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec}.
+ * 
+ * Path parameter placeholders can be specified using simple colon/catch-all syntax or curly brace
+ * syntax, which optionally allows a regular expression for the parameter to be specified:
+ *
+ * * `':'` name - colon placeholder
+ * * `'*'` name - catch-all placeholder
+ * * `'{' name '}'` - curly placeholder
+ * * `'{' name ':' regexp|type '}'` - curly placeholder with regexp or type name. Should the
+ *   regexp itself contain curly braces, they must be in matched pairs or escaped with a backslash.
+ *
+ * Parameter names may contain only word characters (latin letters, digits, and underscore) and
+ * must be unique within the pattern (across both path and search parameters). For colon 
+ * placeholders or curly placeholders without an explicit regexp, a path parameter matches any
+ * number of characters other than '/'. For catch-all placeholders the path parameter matches
+ * any number of characters.
+ * 
+ * Examples:
+ * 
+ * * `'/hello/'` - Matches only if the path is exactly '/hello/'. There is no special treatment for
+ *   trailing slashes, and patterns have to match the entire path, not just a prefix.
+ * * `'/user/:id'` - Matches '/user/bob' or '/user/1234!!!' or even '/user/' but not '/user' or
+ *   '/user/bob/details'. The second path segment will be captured as the parameter 'id'.
+ * * `'/user/{id}'` - Same as the previous example, but using curly brace syntax.
+ * * `'/user/{id:[^/]*}'` - Same as the previous example.
+ * * `'/user/{id:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}}'` - Similar to the previous example, but only matches if the id
+ *   parameter consists of 1 to 8 hex digits.
+ * * `'/files/{path:.*}'` - Matches any URL starting with '/files/' and captures the rest of the
+ *   path into the parameter 'path'.
+ * * `'/files/*path'` - ditto.
+ * * `'/calendar/{start:date}'` - Matches "/calendar/2014-11-12" (because the pattern defined
+ *   in the built-in  `date` Type matches `2014-11-12`) and provides a Date object in $stateParams.start
+ *
+ * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to compile into a matcher.
+ * @param {Object} config  A configuration object hash:
+ * @param {Object=} parentMatcher Used to concatenate the pattern/config onto
+ *   an existing UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * * `caseInsensitive` - `true` if URL matching should be case insensitive, otherwise `false`, the default value (for backward compatibility) is `false`.
+ * * `strict` - `false` if matching against a URL with a trailing slash should be treated as equivalent to a URL without a trailing slash, the default value is `true`.
+ *
+ * @property {string} prefix  A static prefix of this pattern. The matcher guarantees that any
+ *   URL matching this matcher (i.e. any string for which {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec()} returns
+ *   non-null) will start with this prefix.
+ *
+ * @property {string} source  The pattern that was passed into the constructor
+ *
+ * @property {string} sourcePath  The path portion of the source property
+ *
+ * @property {string} sourceSearch  The search portion of the source property
+ *
+ * @property {string} regex  The constructed regex that will be used to match against the url when 
+ *   it is time to determine which url will match.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}  New `UrlMatcher` object
+ */
+function UrlMatcher(pattern, config, parentMatcher) {
+  config = extend({ params: {} }, isObject(config) ? config : {});
+
+  // Find all placeholders and create a compiled pattern, using either classic or curly syntax:
+  //   '*' name
+  //   ':' name
+  //   '{' name '}'
+  //   '{' name ':' regexp '}'
+  // The regular expression is somewhat complicated due to the need to allow curly braces
+  // inside the regular expression. The placeholder regexp breaks down as follows:
+  //    ([:*])([\w\[\]]+)              - classic placeholder ($1 / $2) (search version has - for snake-case)
+  //    \{([\w\[\]]+)(?:\:( ... ))?\}  - curly brace placeholder ($3) with optional regexp/type ... ($4) (search version has - for snake-case
+  //    (?: ... | ... | ... )+         - the regexp consists of any number of atoms, an atom being either
+  //    [^{}\\]+                       - anything other than curly braces or backslash
+  //    \\.                            - a backslash escape
+  //    \{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\}          - a matched set of curly braces containing other atoms
+  var placeholder       = /([:*])([\w\[\]]+)|\{([\w\[\]]+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
+      searchPlaceholder = /([:]?)([\w\[\]-]+)|\{([\w\[\]-]+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
+      compiled = '^', last = 0, m,
+      segments = this.segments = [],
+      parentParams = parentMatcher ? parentMatcher.params : {},
+      params = this.params = parentMatcher ? parentMatcher.params.$$new() : new $$UMFP.ParamSet(),
+      paramNames = [];
+
+  function addParameter(id, type, config, location) {
+    paramNames.push(id);
+    if (parentParams[id]) return parentParams[id];
+    if (!/^\w+(-+\w+)*(?:\[\])?$/.test(id)) throw new Error("Invalid parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
+    if (params[id]) throw new Error("Duplicate parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
+    params[id] = new $$UMFP.Param(id, type, config, location);
+    return params[id];
+  }
+
+  function quoteRegExp(string, pattern, squash) {
+    var surroundPattern = ['',''], result = string.replace(/[\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]/g, "\\$&");
+    if (!pattern) return result;
+    switch(squash) {
+      case false: surroundPattern = ['(', ')'];   break;
+      case true:  surroundPattern = ['?(', ')?']; break;
+      default:    surroundPattern = ['(' + squash + "|", ')?'];  break;
+    }
+    return result + surroundPattern[0] + pattern + surroundPattern[1];
+  }
+
+  this.source = pattern;
+
+  // Split into static segments separated by path parameter placeholders.
+  // The number of segments is always 1 more than the number of parameters.
+  function matchDetails(m, isSearch) {
+    var id, regexp, segment, type, cfg, arrayMode;
+    id          = m[2] || m[3]; // IE[78] returns '' for unmatched groups instead of null
+    cfg         = config.params[id];
+    segment     = pattern.substring(last, m.index);
+    regexp      = isSearch ? m[4] : m[4] || (m[1] == '*' ? '.*' : null);
+    type        = $$UMFP.type(regexp || "string") || inherit($$UMFP.type("string"), { pattern: new RegExp(regexp) });
+    return {
+      id: id, regexp: regexp, segment: segment, type: type, cfg: cfg
+    };
+  }
+
+  var p, param, segment;
+  while ((m = placeholder.exec(pattern))) {
+    p = matchDetails(m, false);
+    if (p.segment.indexOf('?') >= 0) break; // we're into the search part
+
+    param = addParameter(p.id, p.type, p.cfg, "path");
+    compiled += quoteRegExp(p.segment, param.type.pattern.source, param.squash);
+    segments.push(p.segment);
+    last = placeholder.lastIndex;
+  }
+  segment = pattern.substring(last);
+
+  // Find any search parameter names and remove them from the last segment
+  var i = segment.indexOf('?');
+
+  if (i >= 0) {
+    var search = this.sourceSearch = segment.substring(i);
+    segment = segment.substring(0, i);
+    this.sourcePath = pattern.substring(0, last + i);
+
+    if (search.length > 0) {
+      last = 0;
+      while ((m = searchPlaceholder.exec(search))) {
+        p = matchDetails(m, true);
+        param = addParameter(p.id, p.type, p.cfg, "search");
+        last = placeholder.lastIndex;
+        // check if ?&
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    this.sourcePath = pattern;
+    this.sourceSearch = '';
+  }
+
+  compiled += quoteRegExp(segment) + (config.strict === false ? '\/?' : '') + '$';
+  segments.push(segment);
+
+  this.regexp = new RegExp(compiled, config.caseInsensitive ? 'i' : undefined);
+  this.prefix = segments[0];
+  this.$$paramNames = paramNames;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#concat
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns a new matcher for a pattern constructed by appending the path part and adding the
+ * search parameters of the specified pattern to this pattern. The current pattern is not
+ * modified. This can be understood as creating a pattern for URLs that are relative to (or
+ * suffixes of) the current pattern.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * The following two matchers are equivalent:
+ * <pre>
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').concat('/details?date');
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}/details?q&date');
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to append.
+ * @param {Object} config  An object hash of the configuration for the matcher.
+ * @returns {UrlMatcher}  A matcher for the concatenated pattern.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.concat = function (pattern, config) {
+  // Because order of search parameters is irrelevant, we can add our own search
+  // parameters to the end of the new pattern. Parse the new pattern by itself
+  // and then join the bits together, but it's much easier to do this on a string level.
+  var defaultConfig = {
+    caseInsensitive: $$UMFP.caseInsensitive(),
+    strict: $$UMFP.strictMode(),
+    squash: $$UMFP.defaultSquashPolicy()
+  };
+  return new UrlMatcher(this.sourcePath + pattern + this.sourceSearch, extend(defaultConfig, config), this);
+};
+
+UrlMatcher.prototype.toString = function () {
+  return this.source;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#exec
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Tests the specified path against this matcher, and returns an object containing the captured
+ * parameter values, or null if the path does not match. The returned object contains the values
+ * of any search parameters that are mentioned in the pattern, but their value may be null if
+ * they are not present in `searchParams`. This means that search parameters are always treated
+ * as optional.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <pre>
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q&r').exec('/user/bob', {
+ *   x: '1', q: 'hello'
+ * });
+ * // returns { id: 'bob', q: 'hello', r: null }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} path  The URL path to match, e.g. `$location.path()`.
+ * @param {Object} searchParams  URL search parameters, e.g. `$location.search()`.
+ * @returns {Object}  The captured parameter values.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.exec = function (path, searchParams) {
+  var m = this.regexp.exec(path);
+  if (!m) return null;
+  searchParams = searchParams || {};
+
+  var paramNames = this.parameters(), nTotal = paramNames.length,
+    nPath = this.segments.length - 1,
+    values = {}, i, j, cfg, paramName;
+
+  if (nPath !== m.length - 1) throw new Error("Unbalanced capture group in route '" + this.source + "'");
+
+  function decodePathArray(string) {
+    function reverseString(str) { return str.split("").reverse().join(""); }
+    function unquoteDashes(str) { return str.replace(/\\-/, "-"); }
+
+    var split = reverseString(string).split(/-(?!\\)/);
+    var allReversed = map(split, reverseString);
+    return map(allReversed, unquoteDashes).reverse();
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nPath; i++) {
+    paramName = paramNames[i];
+    var param = this.params[paramName];
+    var paramVal = m[i+1];
+    // if the param value matches a pre-replace pair, replace the value before decoding.
+    for (j = 0; j < param.replace; j++) {
+      if (param.replace[j].from === paramVal) paramVal = param.replace[j].to;
+    }
+    if (paramVal && param.array === true) paramVal = decodePathArray(paramVal);
+    values[paramName] = param.value(paramVal);
+  }
+  for (/**/; i < nTotal; i++) {
+    paramName = paramNames[i];
+    values[paramName] = this.params[paramName].value(searchParams[paramName]);
+  }
+
+  return values;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#parameters
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns the names of all path and search parameters of this pattern in an unspecified order.
+ * 
+ * @returns {Array.<string>}  An array of parameter names. Must be treated as read-only. If the
+ *    pattern has no parameters, an empty array is returned.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.parameters = function (param) {
+  if (!isDefined(param)) return this.$$paramNames;
+  return this.params[param] || null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#validate
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Checks an object hash of parameters to validate their correctness according to the parameter
+ * types of this `UrlMatcher`.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} params The object hash of parameters to validate.
+ * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `params` validates, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.validates = function (params) {
+  return this.params.$$validates(params);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#format
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a URL that matches this pattern by substituting the specified values
+ * for the path and search parameters. Null values for path parameters are
+ * treated as empty strings.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <pre>
+ * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').format({ id:'bob', q:'yes' });
+ * // returns '/user/bob?q=yes'
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {Object} values  the values to substitute for the parameters in this pattern.
+ * @returns {string}  the formatted URL (path and optionally search part).
+ */
+UrlMatcher.prototype.format = function (values) {
+  values = values || {};
+  var segments = this.segments, params = this.parameters(), paramset = this.params;
+  if (!this.validates(values)) return null;
+
+  var i, search = false, nPath = segments.length - 1, nTotal = params.length, result = segments[0];
+
+  function encodeDashes(str) { // Replace dashes with encoded "\-"
+    return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/-/g, function(c) { return '%5C%' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).toUpperCase(); });
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < nTotal; i++) {
+    var isPathParam = i < nPath;
+    var name = params[i], param = paramset[name], value = param.value(values[name]);
+    var isDefaultValue = param.isOptional && param.type.equals(param.value(), value);
+    var squash = isDefaultValue ? param.squash : false;
+    var encoded = param.type.encode(value);
+
+    if (isPathParam) {
+      var nextSegment = segments[i + 1];
+      if (squash === false) {
+        if (encoded != null) {
+          if (isArray(encoded)) {
+            result += map(encoded, encodeDashes).join("-");
+          } else {
+            result += encodeURIComponent(encoded);
+          }
+        }
+        result += nextSegment;
+      } else if (squash === true) {
+        var capture = result.match(/\/$/) ? /\/?(.*)/ : /(.*)/;
+        result += nextSegment.match(capture)[1];
+      } else if (isString(squash)) {
+        result += squash + nextSegment;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (encoded == null || (isDefaultValue && squash !== false)) continue;
+      if (!isArray(encoded)) encoded = [ encoded ];
+      encoded = map(encoded, encodeURIComponent).join('&' + name + '=');
+      result += (search ? '&' : '?') + (name + '=' + encoded);
+      search = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Implements an interface to define custom parameter types that can be decoded from and encoded to
+ * string parameters matched in a URL. Used by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}
+ * objects when matching or formatting URLs, or comparing or validating parameter values.
+ *
+ * See {@link ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#methods_type `$urlMatcherFactory#type()`} for more
+ * information on registering custom types.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} config  A configuration object which contains the custom type definition.  The object's
+ *        properties will override the default methods and/or pattern in `Type`'s public interface.
+ * @example
+ * <pre>
+ * {
+ *   decode: function(val) { return parseInt(val, 10); },
+ *   encode: function(val) { return val && val.toString(); },
+ *   equals: function(a, b) { return this.is(a) && a === b; },
+ *   is: function(val) { return angular.isNumber(val) isFinite(val) && val % 1 === 0; },
+ *   pattern: /\d+/
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @property {RegExp} pattern The regular expression pattern used to match values of this type when
+ *           coming from a substring of a URL.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object}  Returns a new `Type` object.
+ */
+function Type(config) {
+  extend(this, config);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#is
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Detects whether a value is of a particular type. Accepts a native (decoded) value
+ * and determines whether it matches the current `Type` object.
+ *
+ * @param {*} val  The value to check.
+ * @param {string} key  Optional. If the type check is happening in the context of a specific
+ *        {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} object, this is the name of the
+ *        parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for meta-programming of `Type` objects.
+ * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the value matches the type, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+Type.prototype.is = function(val, key) {
+  return true;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#encode
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Encodes a custom/native type value to a string that can be embedded in a URL. Note that the
+ * return value does *not* need to be URL-safe (i.e. passed through `encodeURIComponent()`), it
+ * only needs to be a representation of `val` that has been coerced to a string.
+ *
+ * @param {*} val  The value to encode.
+ * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
+ *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
+ * @returns {string}  Returns a string representation of `val` that can be encoded in a URL.
+ */
+Type.prototype.encode = function(val, key) {
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#decode
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Converts a parameter value (from URL string or transition param) to a custom/native value.
+ *
+ * @param {string} val  The URL parameter value to decode.
+ * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
+ *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
+ * @returns {*}  Returns a custom representation of the URL parameter value.
+ */
+Type.prototype.decode = function(val, key) {
+  return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#equals
+ * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines whether two decoded values are equivalent.
+ *
+ * @param {*} a  A value to compare against.
+ * @param {*} b  A value to compare against.
+ * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the values are equivalent/equal, otherwise `false`.
+ */
+Type.prototype.equals = function(a, b) {
+  return a == b;
+};
+
+Type.prototype.$subPattern = function() {
+  var sub = this.pattern.toString();
+  return sub.substr(1, sub.length - 2);
+};
+
+Type.prototype.pattern = /.*/;
+
+Type.prototype.toString = function() { return "{Type:" + this.name + "}"; };
+
+/*
+ * Wraps an existing custom Type as an array of Type, depending on 'mode'.
+ * e.g.:
+ * - urlmatcher pattern "/path?{queryParam[]:int}"
+ * - url: "/path?queryParam=1&queryParam=2
+ * - $stateParams.queryParam will be [1, 2]
+ * if `mode` is "auto", then
+ * - url: "/path?queryParam=1 will create $stateParams.queryParam: 1
+ * - url: "/path?queryParam=1&queryParam=2 will create $stateParams.queryParam: [1, 2]
+ */
+Type.prototype.$asArray = function(mode, isSearch) {
+  if (!mode) return this;
+  if (mode === "auto" && !isSearch) throw new Error("'auto' array mode is for query parameters only");
+  return new ArrayType(this, mode);
+
+  function ArrayType(type, mode) {
+    function bindTo(type, callbackName) {
+      return function() {
+        return type[callbackName].apply(type, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Wrap non-array value as array
+    function arrayWrap(val) { return isArray(val) ? val : (isDefined(val) ? [ val ] : []); }
+    // Unwrap array value for "auto" mode. Return undefined for empty array.
+    function arrayUnwrap(val) {
+      switch(val.length) {
+        case 0: return undefined;
+        case 1: return mode === "auto" ? val[0] : val;
+        default: return val;
+      }
+    }
+    function falsey(val) { return !val; }
+
+    // Wraps type (.is/.encode/.decode) functions to operate on each value of an array
+    function arrayHandler(callback, allTruthyMode) {
+      return function handleArray(val) {
+        val = arrayWrap(val);
+        var result = map(val, callback);
+        if (allTruthyMode === true)
+          return filter(result, falsey).length === 0;
+        return arrayUnwrap(result);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Wraps type (.equals) functions to operate on each value of an array
+    function arrayEqualsHandler(callback) {
+      return function handleArray(val1, val2) {
+        var left = arrayWrap(val1), right = arrayWrap(val2);
+        if (left.length !== right.length) return false;
+        for (var i = 0; i < left.length; i++) {
+          if (!callback(left[i], right[i])) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      };
+    }
+
+    this.encode = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, 'encode'));
+    this.decode = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, 'decode'));
+    this.is     = arrayHandler(bindTo(type, 'is'), true);
+    this.equals = arrayEqualsHandler(bindTo(type, 'equals'));
+    this.pattern = type.pattern;
+    this.$arrayMode = mode;
+  }
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory for {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} instances. The factory
+ * is also available to providers under the name `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
+ */
+function $UrlMatcherFactory() {
+  $$UMFP = this;
+
+  var isCaseInsensitive = false, isStrictMode = true, defaultSquashPolicy = false;
+
+  function valToString(val) { return val != null ? val.toString().replace(/\//g, "%2F") : val; }
+  function valFromString(val) { return val != null ? val.toString().replace(/%2F/g, "/") : val; }
+//  TODO: in 1.0, make string .is() return false if value is undefined by default.
+//  function regexpMatches(val) { /*jshint validthis:true */ return isDefined(val) && this.pattern.test(val); }
+  function regexpMatches(val) { /*jshint validthis:true */ return this.pattern.test(val); }
+
+  var $types = {}, enqueue = true, typeQueue = [], injector, defaultTypes = {
+    string: {
+      encode: valToString,
+      decode: valFromString,
+      is: regexpMatches,
+      pattern: /[^/]*/
+    },
+    int: {
+      encode: valToString,
+      decode: function(val) { return parseInt(val, 10); },
+      is: function(val) { return isDefined(val) && this.decode(val.toString()) === val; },
+      pattern: /\d+/
+    },
+    bool: {
+      encode: function(val) { return val ? 1 : 0; },
+      decode: function(val) { return parseInt(val, 10) !== 0; },
+      is: function(val) { return val === true || val === false; },
+      pattern: /0|1/
+    },
+    date: {
+      encode: function (val) {
+        if (!this.is(val))
+          return undefined;
+        return [ val.getFullYear(),
+          ('0' + (val.getMonth() + 1)).slice(-2),
+          ('0' + val.getDate()).slice(-2)
+        ].join("-");
+      },
+      decode: function (val) {
+        if (this.is(val)) return val;
+        var match = this.capture.exec(val);
+        return match ? new Date(match[1], match[2] - 1, match[3]) : undefined;
+      },
+      is: function(val) { return val instanceof Date && !isNaN(val.valueOf()); },
+      equals: function (a, b) { return this.is(a) && this.is(b) && a.toISOString() === b.toISOString(); },
+      pattern: /[0-9]{4}-(?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(?:0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/,
+      capture: /([0-9]{4})-(0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/
+    },
+    json: {
+      encode: angular.toJson,
+      decode: angular.fromJson,
+      is: angular.isObject,
+      equals: angular.equals,
+      pattern: /[^/]*/
+    },
+    any: { // does not encode/decode
+      encode: angular.identity,
+      decode: angular.identity,
+      is: angular.identity,
+      equals: angular.equals,
+      pattern: /.*/
+    }
+  };
+
+  function getDefaultConfig() {
+    return {
+      strict: isStrictMode,
+      caseInsensitive: isCaseInsensitive
+    };
+  }
+
+  function isInjectable(value) {
+    return (isFunction(value) || (isArray(value) && isFunction(value[value.length - 1])));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * [Internal] Get the default value of a parameter, which may be an injectable function.
+   */
+  $UrlMatcherFactory.$$getDefaultValue = function(config) {
+    if (!isInjectable(config.value)) return config.value;
+    if (!injector) throw new Error("Injectable functions cannot be called at configuration time");
+    return injector.invoke(config.value);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#caseInsensitive
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines whether URL matching should be case sensitive (the default behavior), or not.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} value `false` to match URL in a case sensitive manner; otherwise `true`;
+   * @returns {boolean} the current value of caseInsensitive
+   */
+  this.caseInsensitive = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value))
+      isCaseInsensitive = value;
+    return isCaseInsensitive;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#strictMode
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines whether URLs should match trailing slashes, or not (the default behavior).
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value `false` to match trailing slashes in URLs, otherwise `true`.
+   * @returns {boolean} the current value of strictMode
+   */
+  this.strictMode = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value))
+      isStrictMode = value;
+    return isStrictMode;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#defaultSquashPolicy
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the default behavior when generating or matching URLs with default parameter values.
+   *
+   * @param {string} value A string that defines the default parameter URL squashing behavior.
+   *    `nosquash`: When generating an href with a default parameter value, do not squash the parameter value from the URL
+   *    `slash`: When generating an href with a default parameter value, squash (remove) the parameter value, and, if the
+   *             parameter is surrounded by slashes, squash (remove) one slash from the URL
+   *    any other string, e.g. "~": When generating an href with a default parameter value, squash (remove)
+   *             the parameter value from the URL and replace it with this string.
+   */
+  this.defaultSquashPolicy = function(value) {
+    if (!isDefined(value)) return defaultSquashPolicy;
+    if (value !== true && value !== false && !isString(value))
+      throw new Error("Invalid squash policy: " + value + ". Valid policies: false, true, arbitrary-string");
+    defaultSquashPolicy = value;
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#compile
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Creates a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} for the specified pattern.
+   *
+   * @param {string} pattern  The URL pattern.
+   * @param {Object} config  The config object hash.
+   * @returns {UrlMatcher}  The UrlMatcher.
+   */
+  this.compile = function (pattern, config) {
+    return new UrlMatcher(pattern, extend(getDefaultConfig(), config));
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#isMatcher
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Returns true if the specified object is a `UrlMatcher`, or false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} object  The object to perform the type check against.
+   * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the object matches the `UrlMatcher` interface, by
+   *          implementing all the same methods.
+   */
+  this.isMatcher = function (o) {
+    if (!isObject(o)) return false;
+    var result = true;
+
+    forEach(UrlMatcher.prototype, function(val, name) {
+      if (isFunction(val)) {
+        result = result && (isDefined(o[name]) && isFunction(o[name]));
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#type
+   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a custom {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} object that can be used to
+   * generate URLs with typed parameters.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name  The type name.
+   * @param {Object|Function} definition   The type definition. See
+   *        {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} for information on the values accepted.
+   * @param {Object|Function} definitionFn (optional) A function that is injected before the app
+   *        runtime starts.  The result of this function is merged into the existing `definition`.
+   *        See {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} for information on the values accepted.
+   *
+   * @returns {Object}  Returns `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * This is a simple example of a custom type that encodes and decodes items from an
+   * array, using the array index as the URL-encoded value:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * var list = ['John', 'Paul', 'George', 'Ringo'];
+   *
+   * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('listItem', {
+   *   encode: function(item) {
+   *     // Represent the list item in the URL using its corresponding index
+   *     return list.indexOf(item);
+   *   },
+   *   decode: function(item) {
+   *     // Look up the list item by index
+   *     return list[parseInt(item, 10)];
+   *   },
+   *   is: function(item) {
+   *     // Ensure the item is valid by checking to see that it appears
+   *     // in the list
+   *     return list.indexOf(item) > -1;
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * $stateProvider.state('list', {
+   *   url: "/list/{item:listItem}",
+   *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
+   *     console.log($stateParams.item);
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * // ...
+   *
+   * // Changes URL to '/list/3', logs "Ringo" to the console
+   * $state.go('list', { item: "Ringo" });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * This is a more complex example of a type that relies on dependency injection to
+   * interact with services, and uses the parameter name from the URL to infer how to
+   * handle encoding and decoding parameter values:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   * // Defines a custom type that gets a value from a service,
+   * // where each service gets different types of values from
+   * // a backend API:
+   * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('dbObject', {}, function(Users, Posts) {
+   *
+   *   // Matches up services to URL parameter names
+   *   var services = {
+   *     user: Users,
+   *     post: Posts
+   *   };
+   *
+   *   return {
+   *     encode: function(object) {
+   *       // Represent the object in the URL using its unique ID
+   *       return object.id;
+   *     },
+   *     decode: function(value, key) {
+   *       // Look up the object by ID, using the parameter
+   *       // name (key) to call the correct service
+   *       return services[key].findById(value);
+   *     },
+   *     is: function(object, key) {
+   *       // Check that object is a valid dbObject
+   *       return angular.isObject(object) && object.id && services[key];
+   *     }
+   *     equals: function(a, b) {
+   *       // Check the equality of decoded objects by comparing
+   *       // their unique IDs
+   *       return a.id === b.id;
+   *     }
+   *   };
+   * });
+   *
+   * // In a config() block, you can then attach URLs with
+   * // type-annotated parameters:
+   * $stateProvider.state('users', {
+   *   url: "/users",
+   *   // ...
+   * }).state('users.item', {
+   *   url: "/{user:dbObject}",
+   *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
+   *     // $stateParams.user will now be an object returned from
+   *     // the Users service
+   *   },
+   *   // ...
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  this.type = function (name, definition, definitionFn) {
+    if (!isDefined(definition)) return $types[name];
+    if ($types.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("A type named '" + name + "' has already been defined.");
+
+    $types[name] = new Type(extend({ name: name }, definition));
+    if (definitionFn) {
+      typeQueue.push({ name: name, def: definitionFn });
+      if (!enqueue) flushTypeQueue();
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // `flushTypeQueue()` waits until `$urlMatcherFactory` is injected before invoking the queued `definitionFn`s
+  function flushTypeQueue() {
+    while(typeQueue.length) {
+      var type = typeQueue.shift();
+      if (type.pattern) throw new Error("You cannot override a type's .pattern at runtime.");
+      angular.extend($types[type.name], injector.invoke(type.def));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Register default types. Store them in the prototype of $types.
+  forEach(defaultTypes, function(type, name) { $types[name] = new Type(extend({name: name}, type)); });
+  $types = inherit($types, {});
+
+  /* No need to document $get, since it returns this */
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function ($injector) {
+    injector = $injector;
+    enqueue = false;
+    flushTypeQueue();
+
+    forEach(defaultTypes, function(type, name) {
+      if (!$types[name]) $types[name] = new Type(type);
+    });
+    return this;
+  }];
+
+  this.Param = function Param(id, type, config, location) {
+    var self = this;
+    config = unwrapShorthand(config);
+    type = getType(config, type, location);
+    var arrayMode = getArrayMode();
+    type = arrayMode ? type.$asArray(arrayMode, location === "search") : type;
+    if (type.name === "string" && !arrayMode && location === "path" && config.value === undefined)
+      config.value = ""; // for 0.2.x; in 0.3.0+ do not automatically default to ""
+    var isOptional = config.value !== undefined;
+    var squash = getSquashPolicy(config, isOptional);
+    var replace = getReplace(config, arrayMode, isOptional, squash);
+
+    function unwrapShorthand(config) {
+      var keys = isObject(config) ? objectKeys(config) : [];
+      var isShorthand = indexOf(keys, "value") === -1 && indexOf(keys, "type") === -1 &&
+                        indexOf(keys, "squash") === -1 && indexOf(keys, "array") === -1;
+      if (isShorthand) config = { value: config };
+      config.$$fn = isInjectable(config.value) ? config.value : function () { return config.value; };
+      return config;
+    }
+
+    function getType(config, urlType, location) {
+      if (config.type && urlType) throw new Error("Param '"+id+"' has two type configurations.");
+      if (urlType) return urlType;
+      if (!config.type) return (location === "config" ? $types.any : $types.string);
+      return config.type instanceof Type ? config.type : new Type(config.type);
+    }
+
+    // array config: param name (param[]) overrides default settings.  explicit config overrides param name.
+    function getArrayMode() {
+      var arrayDefaults = { array: (location === "search" ? "auto" : false) };
+      var arrayParamNomenclature = id.match(/\[\]$/) ? { array: true } : {};
+      return extend(arrayDefaults, arrayParamNomenclature, config).array;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * returns false, true, or the squash value to indicate the "default parameter url squash policy".
+     */
+    function getSquashPolicy(config, isOptional) {
+      var squash = config.squash;
+      if (!isOptional || squash === false) return false;
+      if (!isDefined(squash) || squash == null) return defaultSquashPolicy;
+      if (squash === true || isString(squash)) return squash;
+      throw new Error("Invalid squash policy: '" + squash + "'. Valid policies: false, true, or arbitrary string");
+    }
+
+    function getReplace(config, arrayMode, isOptional, squash) {
+      var replace, configuredKeys, defaultPolicy = [
+        { from: "",   to: (isOptional || arrayMode ? undefined : "") },
+        { from: null, to: (isOptional || arrayMode ? undefined : "") }
+      ];
+      replace = isArray(config.replace) ? config.replace : [];
+      if (isString(squash))
+        replace.push({ from: squash, to: undefined });
+      configuredKeys = map(replace, function(item) { return item.from; } );
+      return filter(defaultPolicy, function(item) { return indexOf(configuredKeys, item.from) === -1; }).concat(replace);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * [Internal] Get the default value of a parameter, which may be an injectable function.
+     */
+    function $$getDefaultValue() {
+      if (!injector) throw new Error("Injectable functions cannot be called at configuration time");
+      return injector.invoke(config.$$fn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * [Internal] Gets the decoded representation of a value if the value is defined, otherwise, returns the
+     * default value, which may be the result of an injectable function.
+     */
+    function $value(value) {
+      function hasReplaceVal(val) { return function(obj) { return obj.from === val; }; }
+      function $replace(value) {
+        var replacement = map(filter(self.replace, hasReplaceVal(value)), function(obj) { return obj.to; });
+        return replacement.length ? replacement[0] : value;
+      }
+      value = $replace(value);
+      return isDefined(value) ? self.type.decode(value) : $$getDefaultValue();
+    }
+
+    function toString() { return "{Param:" + id + " " + type + " squash: '" + squash + "' optional: " + isOptional + "}"; }
+
+    extend(this, {
+      id: id,
+      type: type,
+      location: location,
+      array: arrayMode,
+      squash: squash,
+      replace: replace,
+      isOptional: isOptional,
+      value: $value,
+      dynamic: undefined,
+      config: config,
+      toString: toString
+    });
+  };
+
+  function ParamSet(params) {
+    extend(this, params || {});
+  }
+
+  ParamSet.prototype = {
+    $$new: function() {
+      return inherit(this, extend(new ParamSet(), { $$parent: this}));
+    },
+    $$keys: function () {
+      var keys = [], chain = [], parent = this,
+        ignore = objectKeys(ParamSet.prototype);
+      while (parent) { chain.push(parent); parent = parent.$$parent; }
+      chain.reverse();
+      forEach(chain, function(paramset) {
+        forEach(objectKeys(paramset), function(key) {
+            if (indexOf(keys, key) === -1 && indexOf(ignore, key) === -1) keys.push(key);
+        });
+      });
+      return keys;
+    },
+    $$values: function(paramValues) {
+      var values = {}, self = this;
+      forEach(self.$$keys(), function(key) {
+        values[key] = self[key].value(paramValues && paramValues[key]);
+      });
+      return values;
+    },
+    $$equals: function(paramValues1, paramValues2) {
+      var equal = true, self = this;
+      forEach(self.$$keys(), function(key) {
+        var left = paramValues1 && paramValues1[key], right = paramValues2 && paramValues2[key];
+        if (!self[key].type.equals(left, right)) equal = false;
+      });
+      return equal;
+    },
+    $$validates: function $$validate(paramValues) {
+      var result = true, isOptional, val, param, self = this;
+
+      forEach(this.$$keys(), function(key) {
+        param = self[key];
+        val = paramValues[key];
+        isOptional = !val && param.isOptional;
+        result = result && (isOptional || !!param.type.is(val));
+      });
+      return result;
+    },
+    $$parent: undefined
+  };
+
+  this.ParamSet = ParamSet;
+}
+
+// Register as a provider so it's available to other providers
+angular.module('ui.router.util').provider('$urlMatcherFactory', $UrlMatcherFactory);
+angular.module('ui.router.util').run(['$urlMatcherFactory', function($urlMatcherFactory) { }]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
+ * @requires $locationProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$urlRouterProvider` has the responsibility of watching `$location`. 
+ * When `$location` changes it runs through a list of rules one by one until a 
+ * match is found. `$urlRouterProvider` is used behind the scenes anytime you specify 
+ * a url in a state configuration. All urls are compiled into a UrlMatcher object.
+ *
+ * There are several methods on `$urlRouterProvider` that make it useful to use directly
+ * in your module config.
+ */
+$UrlRouterProvider.$inject = ['$locationProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
+function $UrlRouterProvider(   $locationProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
+  var rules = [], otherwise = null, interceptDeferred = false, listener;
+
+  // Returns a string that is a prefix of all strings matching the RegExp
+  function regExpPrefix(re) {
+    var prefix = /^\^((?:\\[^a-zA-Z0-9]|[^\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]+)*)/.exec(re.source);
+    return (prefix != null) ? prefix[1].replace(/\\(.)/g, "$1") : '';
+  }
+
+  // Interpolates matched values into a String.replace()-style pattern
+  function interpolate(pattern, match) {
+    return pattern.replace(/\$(\$|\d{1,2})/, function (m, what) {
+      return match[what === '$' ? 0 : Number(what)];
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#rule
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines rules that are used by `$urlRouterProvider` to find matches for
+   * specific URLs.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *   // Here's an example of how you might allow case insensitive urls
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.rule(function ($injector, $location) {
+   *     var path = $location.path(),
+   *         normalized = path.toLowerCase();
+   *
+   *     if (path !== normalized) {
+   *       return normalized;
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object} rule Handler function that takes `$injector` and `$location`
+   * services as arguments. You can use them to return a valid path as a string.
+   *
+   * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
+   */
+  this.rule = function (rule) {
+    if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
+    rules.push(rule);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#otherwise
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Defines a path that is used when an invalid route is requested.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *   // if the path doesn't match any of the urls you configured
+   *   // otherwise will take care of routing the user to the
+   *   // specified url
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/index');
+   *
+   *   // Example of using function rule as param
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise(function ($injector, $location) {
+   *     return '/a/valid/url';
+   *   });
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} rule The url path you want to redirect to or a function 
+   * rule that returns the url path. The function version is passed two params: 
+   * `$injector` and `$location` services, and must return a url string.
+   *
+   * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
+   */
+  this.otherwise = function (rule) {
+    if (isString(rule)) {
+      var redirect = rule;
+      rule = function () { return redirect; };
+    }
+    else if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
+    otherwise = rule;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  function handleIfMatch($injector, handler, match) {
+    if (!match) return false;
+    var result = $injector.invoke(handler, handler, { $match: match });
+    return isDefined(result) ? result : true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#when
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a handler for a given url matching. if handle is a string, it is
+   * treated as a redirect, and is interpolated according to the syntax of match
+   * (i.e. like `String.replace()` for `RegExp`, or like a `UrlMatcher` pattern otherwise).
+   *
+   * If the handler is a function, it is injectable. It gets invoked if `$location`
+   * matches. You have the option of inject the match object as `$match`.
+   *
+   * The handler can return
+   *
+   * - **falsy** to indicate that the rule didn't match after all, then `$urlRouter`
+   *   will continue trying to find another one that matches.
+   * - **string** which is treated as a redirect and passed to `$location.url()`
+   * - **void** or any **truthy** value tells `$urlRouter` that the url was handled.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.when($state.url, function ($match, $stateParams) {
+   *     if ($state.$current.navigable !== state ||
+   *         !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams) {
+   *      $state.transitionTo(state, $match, false);
+   *     }
+   *   });
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|object} what The incoming path that you want to redirect.
+   * @param {string|object} handler The path you want to redirect your user to.
+   */
+  this.when = function (what, handler) {
+    var redirect, handlerIsString = isString(handler);
+    if (isString(what)) what = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(what);
+
+    if (!handlerIsString && !isFunction(handler) && !isArray(handler))
+      throw new Error("invalid 'handler' in when()");
+
+    var strategies = {
+      matcher: function (what, handler) {
+        if (handlerIsString) {
+          redirect = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(handler);
+          handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return redirect.format($match); }];
+        }
+        return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
+          return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path(), $location.search()));
+        }, {
+          prefix: isString(what.prefix) ? what.prefix : ''
+        });
+      },
+      regex: function (what, handler) {
+        if (what.global || what.sticky) throw new Error("when() RegExp must not be global or sticky");
+
+        if (handlerIsString) {
+          redirect = handler;
+          handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return interpolate(redirect, $match); }];
+        }
+        return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
+          return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path()));
+        }, {
+          prefix: regExpPrefix(what)
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    var check = { matcher: $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(what), regex: what instanceof RegExp };
+
+    for (var n in check) {
+      if (check[n]) return this.rule(strategies[n](what, handler));
+    }
+
+    throw new Error("invalid 'what' in when()");
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#deferIntercept
+   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Disables (or enables) deferring location change interception.
+   *
+   * If you wish to customize the behavior of syncing the URL (for example, if you wish to
+   * defer a transition but maintain the current URL), call this method at configuration time.
+   * Then, at run time, call `$urlRouter.listen()` after you have configured your own
+   * `$locationChangeSuccess` event handler.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
+   *
+   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
+   *
+   *   // Prevent $urlRouter from automatically intercepting URL changes;
+   *   // this allows you to configure custom behavior in between
+   *   // location changes and route synchronization:
+   *   $urlRouterProvider.deferIntercept();
+   *
+   * }).run(function ($rootScope, $urlRouter, UserService) {
+   *
+   *   $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function(e) {
+   *     // UserService is an example service for managing user state
+   *     if (UserService.isLoggedIn()) return;
+   *
+   *     // Prevent $urlRouter's default handler from firing
+   *     e.preventDefault();
+   *
+   *     UserService.handleLogin().then(function() {
+   *       // Once the user has logged in, sync the current URL
+   *       // to the router:
+   *       $urlRouter.sync();
+   *     });
+   *   });
+   *
+   *   // Configures $urlRouter's listener *after* your custom listener
+   *   $urlRouter.listen();
+   * });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {boolean} defer Indicates whether to defer location change interception. Passing
+            no parameter is equivalent to `true`.
+   */
+  this.deferIntercept = function (defer) {
+    if (defer === undefined) defer = true;
+    interceptDeferred = defer;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+   *
+   * @requires $location
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   * @requires $injector
+   * @requires $browser
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   */
+  this.$get = $get;
+  $get.$inject = ['$location', '$rootScope', '$injector', '$browser'];
+  function $get(   $location,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $browser) {
+
+    var baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), location = $location.url(), lastPushedUrl;
+
+    function appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, absolute) {
+      if (baseHref === '/') return url;
+      if (isHtml5) return baseHref.slice(0, -1) + url;
+      if (absolute) return baseHref.slice(1) + url;
+      return url;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Optimize groups of rules with non-empty prefix into some sort of decision tree
+    function update(evt) {
+      if (evt && evt.defaultPrevented) return;
+      var ignoreUpdate = lastPushedUrl && $location.url() === lastPushedUrl;
+      lastPushedUrl = undefined;
+      if (ignoreUpdate) return true;
+
+      function check(rule) {
+        var handled = rule($injector, $location);
+
+        if (!handled) return false;
+        if (isString(handled)) $location.replace().url(handled);
+        return true;
+      }
+      var n = rules.length, i;
+
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        if (check(rules[i])) return;
+      }
+      // always check otherwise last to allow dynamic updates to the set of rules
+      if (otherwise) check(otherwise);
+    }
+
+    function listen() {
+      listener = listener || $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', update);
+      return listener;
+    }
+
+    if (!interceptDeferred) listen();
+
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#sync
+       * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Triggers an update; the same update that happens when the address bar url changes, aka `$locationChangeSuccess`.
+       * This method is useful when you need to use `preventDefault()` on the `$locationChangeSuccess` event,
+       * perform some custom logic (route protection, auth, config, redirection, etc) and then finally proceed
+       * with the transition by calling `$urlRouter.sync()`.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * <pre>
+       * angular.module('app', ['ui.router'])
+       *   .run(function($rootScope, $urlRouter) {
+       *     $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function(evt) {
+       *       // Halt state change from even starting
+       *       evt.preventDefault();
+       *       // Perform custom logic
+       *       var meetsRequirement = ...
+       *       // Continue with the update and state transition if logic allows
+       *       if (meetsRequirement) $urlRouter.sync();
+       *     });
+       * });
+       * </pre>
+       */
+      sync: function() {
+        update();
+      },
+
+      listen: function() {
+        return listen();
+      },
+
+      update: function(read) {
+        if (read) {
+          location = $location.url();
+          return;
+        }
+        if ($location.url() === location) return;
+
+        $location.url(location);
+        $location.replace();
+      },
+
+      push: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
+        $location.url(urlMatcher.format(params || {}));
+        lastPushedUrl = options && options.$$avoidResync ? $location.url() : undefined;
+        if (options && options.replace) $location.replace();
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#href
+       * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+       *
+       * @description
+       * A URL generation method that returns the compiled URL for a given
+       * {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}, populated with the provided parameters.
+       *
+       * @example
+       * <pre>
+       * $bob = $urlRouter.href(new UrlMatcher("/about/:person"), {
+       *   person: "bob"
+       * });
+       * // $bob == "/about/bob";
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * @param {UrlMatcher} urlMatcher The `UrlMatcher` object which is used as the template of the URL to generate.
+       * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the matcher's required parameters.
+       * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+       *
+       * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
+       *
+       * @returns {string} Returns the fully compiled URL, or `null` if `params` fail validation against `urlMatcher`
+       */
+      href: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
+        if (!urlMatcher.validates(params)) return null;
+
+        var isHtml5 = $locationProvider.html5Mode();
+        if (angular.isObject(isHtml5)) {
+          isHtml5 = isHtml5.enabled;
+        }
+        
+        var url = urlMatcher.format(params);
+        options = options || {};
+
+        if (!isHtml5 && url !== null) {
+          url = "#" + $locationProvider.hashPrefix() + url;
+        }
+        url = appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, options.absolute);
+
+        if (!options.absolute || !url) {
+          return url;
+        }
+
+        var slash = (!isHtml5 && url ? '/' : ''), port = $location.port();
+        port = (port === 80 || port === 443 ? '' : ':' + port);
+
+        return [$location.protocol(), '://', $location.host(), port, slash, url].join('');
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.router').provider('$urlRouter', $UrlRouterProvider);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
+ * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The new `$stateProvider` works similar to Angular's v1 router, but it focuses purely
+ * on state.
+ *
+ * A state corresponds to a "place" in the application in terms of the overall UI and
+ * navigation. A state describes (via the controller / template / view properties) what
+ * the UI looks like and does at that place.
+ *
+ * States often have things in common, and the primary way of factoring out these
+ * commonalities in this model is via the state hierarchy, i.e. parent/child states aka
+ * nested states.
+ *
+ * The `$stateProvider` provides interfaces to declare these states for your app.
+ */
+$StateProvider.$inject = ['$urlRouterProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
+function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
+
+  var root, states = {}, $state, queue = {}, abstractKey = 'abstract';
+
+  // Builds state properties from definition passed to registerState()
+  var stateBuilder = {
+
+    // Derive parent state from a hierarchical name only if 'parent' is not explicitly defined.
+    // state.children = [];
+    // if (parent) parent.children.push(state);
+    parent: function(state) {
+      if (isDefined(state.parent) && state.parent) return findState(state.parent);
+      // regex matches any valid composite state name
+      // would match "contact.list" but not "contacts"
+      var compositeName = /^(.+)\.[^.]+$/.exec(state.name);
+      return compositeName ? findState(compositeName[1]) : root;
+    },
+
+    // inherit 'data' from parent and override by own values (if any)
+    data: function(state) {
+      if (state.parent && state.parent.data) {
+        state.data = state.self.data = extend({}, state.parent.data, state.data);
+      }
+      return state.data;
+    },
+
+    // Build a URLMatcher if necessary, either via a relative or absolute URL
+    url: function(state) {
+      var url = state.url, config = { params: state.params || {} };
+
+      if (isString(url)) {
+        if (url.charAt(0) == '^') return $urlMatcherFactory.compile(url.substring(1), config);
+        return (state.parent.navigable || root).url.concat(url, config);
+      }
+
+      if (!url || $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(url)) return url;
+      throw new Error("Invalid url '" + url + "' in state '" + state + "'");
+    },
+
+    // Keep track of the closest ancestor state that has a URL (i.e. is navigable)
+    navigable: function(state) {
+      return state.url ? state : (state.parent ? state.parent.navigable : null);
+    },
+
+    // Own parameters for this state. state.url.params is already built at this point. Create and add non-url params
+    ownParams: function(state) {
+      var params = state.url && state.url.params || new $$UMFP.ParamSet();
+      forEach(state.params || {}, function(config, id) {
+        if (!params[id]) params[id] = new $$UMFP.Param(id, null, config, "config");
+      });
+      return params;
+    },
+
+    // Derive parameters for this state and ensure they're a super-set of parent's parameters
+    params: function(state) {
+      return state.parent && state.parent.params ? extend(state.parent.params.$$new(), state.ownParams) : new $$UMFP.ParamSet();
+    },
+
+    // If there is no explicit multi-view configuration, make one up so we don't have
+    // to handle both cases in the view directive later. Note that having an explicit
+    // 'views' property will mean the default unnamed view properties are ignored. This
+    // is also a good time to resolve view names to absolute names, so everything is a
+    // straight lookup at link time.
+    views: function(state) {
+      var views = {};
+
+      forEach(isDefined(state.views) ? state.views : { '': state }, function (view, name) {
+        if (name.indexOf('@') < 0) name += '@' + state.parent.name;
+        views[name] = view;
+      });
+      return views;
+    },
+
+    // Keep a full path from the root down to this state as this is needed for state activation.
+    path: function(state) {
+      return state.parent ? state.parent.path.concat(state) : []; // exclude root from path
+    },
+
+    // Speed up $state.contains() as it's used a lot
+    includes: function(state) {
+      var includes = state.parent ? extend({}, state.parent.includes) : {};
+      includes[state.name] = true;
+      return includes;
+    },
+
+    $delegates: {}
+  };
+
+  function isRelative(stateName) {
+    return stateName.indexOf(".") === 0 || stateName.indexOf("^") === 0;
+  }
+
+  function findState(stateOrName, base) {
+    if (!stateOrName) return undefined;
+
+    var isStr = isString(stateOrName),
+        name  = isStr ? stateOrName : stateOrName.name,
+        path  = isRelative(name);
+
+    if (path) {
+      if (!base) throw new Error("No reference point given for path '"  + name + "'");
+      base = findState(base);
+      
+      var rel = name.split("."), i = 0, pathLength = rel.length, current = base;
+
+      for (; i < pathLength; i++) {
+        if (rel[i] === "" && i === 0) {
+          current = base;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (rel[i] === "^") {
+          if (!current.parent) throw new Error("Path '" + name + "' not valid for state '" + base.name + "'");
+          current = current.parent;
+          continue;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      rel = rel.slice(i).join(".");
+      name = current.name + (current.name && rel ? "." : "") + rel;
+    }
+    var state = states[name];
+
+    if (state && (isStr || (!isStr && (state === stateOrName || state.self === stateOrName)))) {
+      return state;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  function queueState(parentName, state) {
+    if (!queue[parentName]) {
+      queue[parentName] = [];
+    }
+    queue[parentName].push(state);
+  }
+
+  function flushQueuedChildren(parentName) {
+    var queued = queue[parentName] || [];
+    while(queued.length) {
+      registerState(queued.shift());
+    }
+  }
+
+  function registerState(state) {
+    // Wrap a new object around the state so we can store our private details easily.
+    state = inherit(state, {
+      self: state,
+      resolve: state.resolve || {},
+      toString: function() { return this.name; }
+    });
+
+    var name = state.name;
+    if (!isString(name) || name.indexOf('@') >= 0) throw new Error("State must have a valid name");
+    if (states.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("State '" + name + "'' is already defined");
+
+    // Get parent name
+    var parentName = (name.indexOf('.') !== -1) ? name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('.'))
+        : (isString(state.parent)) ? state.parent
+        : (isObject(state.parent) && isString(state.parent.name)) ? state.parent.name
+        : '';
+
+    // If parent is not registered yet, add state to queue and register later
+    if (parentName && !states[parentName]) {
+      return queueState(parentName, state.self);
+    }
+
+    for (var key in stateBuilder) {
+      if (isFunction(stateBuilder[key])) state[key] = stateBuilder[key](state, stateBuilder.$delegates[key]);
+    }
+    states[name] = state;
+
+    // Register the state in the global state list and with $urlRouter if necessary.
+    if (!state[abstractKey] && state.url) {
+      $urlRouterProvider.when(state.url, ['$match', '$stateParams', function ($match, $stateParams) {
+        if ($state.$current.navigable != state || !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams)) {
+          $state.transitionTo(state, $match, { inherit: true, location: false });
+        }
+      }]);
+    }
+
+    // Register any queued children
+    flushQueuedChildren(name);
+
+    return state;
+  }
+
+  // Checks text to see if it looks like a glob.
+  function isGlob (text) {
+    return text.indexOf('*') > -1;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if glob matches current $state name.
+  function doesStateMatchGlob (glob) {
+    var globSegments = glob.split('.'),
+        segments = $state.$current.name.split('.');
+
+    //match greedy starts
+    if (globSegments[0] === '**') {
+       segments = segments.slice(indexOf(segments, globSegments[1]));
+       segments.unshift('**');
+    }
+    //match greedy ends
+    if (globSegments[globSegments.length - 1] === '**') {
+       segments.splice(indexOf(segments, globSegments[globSegments.length - 2]) + 1, Number.MAX_VALUE);
+       segments.push('**');
+    }
+
+    if (globSegments.length != segments.length) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    //match single stars
+    for (var i = 0, l = globSegments.length; i < l; i++) {
+      if (globSegments[i] === '*') {
+        segments[i] = '*';
+      }
+    }
+
+    return segments.join('') === globSegments.join('');
+  }
+
+
+  // Implicit root state that is always active
+  root = registerState({
+    name: '',
+    url: '^',
+    views: null,
+    'abstract': true
+  });
+  root.navigable = null;
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#decorator
+   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Allows you to extend (carefully) or override (at your own peril) the 
+   * `stateBuilder` object used internally by `$stateProvider`. This can be used 
+   * to add custom functionality to ui-router, for example inferring templateUrl 
+   * based on the state name.
+   *
+   * When passing only a name, it returns the current (original or decorated) builder
+   * function that matches `name`.
+   *
+   * The builder functions that can be decorated are listed below. Though not all
+   * necessarily have a good use case for decoration, that is up to you to decide.
+   *
+   * In addition, users can attach custom decorators, which will generate new 
+   * properties within the state's internal definition. There is currently no clear 
+   * use-case for this beyond accessing internal states (i.e. $state.$current), 
+   * however, expect this to become increasingly relevant as we introduce additional 
+   * meta-programming features.
+   *
+   * **Warning**: Decorators should not be interdependent because the order of 
+   * execution of the builder functions in non-deterministic. Builder functions 
+   * should only be dependent on the state definition object and super function.
+   *
+   *
+   * Existing builder functions and current return values:
+   *
+   * - **parent** `{object}` - returns the parent state object.
+   * - **data** `{object}` - returns state data, including any inherited data that is not
+   *   overridden by own values (if any).
+   * - **url** `{object}` - returns a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher UrlMatcher}
+   *   or `null`.
+   * - **navigable** `{object}` - returns closest ancestor state that has a URL (aka is 
+   *   navigable).
+   * - **params** `{object}` - returns an array of state params that are ensured to 
+   *   be a super-set of parent's params.
+   * - **views** `{object}` - returns a views object where each key is an absolute view 
+   *   name (i.e. "viewName@stateName") and each value is the config object 
+   *   (template, controller) for the view. Even when you don't use the views object 
+   *   explicitly on a state config, one is still created for you internally.
+   *   So by decorating this builder function you have access to decorating template 
+   *   and controller properties.
+   * - **ownParams** `{object}` - returns an array of params that belong to the state, 
+   *   not including any params defined by ancestor states.
+   * - **path** `{string}` - returns the full path from the root down to this state. 
+   *   Needed for state activation.
+   * - **includes** `{object}` - returns an object that includes every state that 
+   *   would pass a `$state.includes()` test.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * // Override the internal 'views' builder with a function that takes the state
+   * // definition, and a reference to the internal function being overridden:
+   * $stateProvider.decorator('views', function (state, parent) {
+   *   var result = {},
+   *       views = parent(state);
+   *
+   *   angular.forEach(views, function (config, name) {
+   *     var autoName = (state.name + '.' + name).replace('.', '/');
+   *     config.templateUrl = config.templateUrl || '/partials/' + autoName + '.html';
+   *     result[name] = config;
+   *   });
+   *   return result;
+   * });
+   *
+   * $stateProvider.state('home', {
+   *   views: {
+   *     'contact.list': { controller: 'ListController' },
+   *     'contact.item': { controller: 'ItemController' }
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * // ...
+   *
+   * $state.go('home');
+   * // Auto-populates list and item views with /partials/home/contact/list.html,
+   * // and /partials/home/contact/item.html, respectively.
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string} name The name of the builder function to decorate. 
+   * @param {object} func A function that is responsible for decorating the original 
+   * builder function. The function receives two parameters:
+   *
+   *   - `{object}` - state - The state config object.
+   *   - `{object}` - super - The original builder function.
+   *
+   * @return {object} $stateProvider - $stateProvider instance
+   */
+  this.decorator = decorator;
+  function decorator(name, func) {
+    /*jshint validthis: true */
+    if (isString(name) && !isDefined(func)) {
+      return stateBuilder[name];
+    }
+    if (!isFunction(func) || !isString(name)) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (stateBuilder[name] && !stateBuilder.$delegates[name]) {
+      stateBuilder.$delegates[name] = stateBuilder[name];
+    }
+    stateBuilder[name] = func;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#state
+   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a state configuration under a given state name. The stateConfig object
+   * has the following acceptable properties.
+   *
+   * @param {string} name A unique state name, e.g. "home", "about", "contacts".
+   * To create a parent/child state use a dot, e.g. "about.sales", "home.newest".
+   * @param {object} stateConfig State configuration object.
+   * @param {string|function=} stateConfig.template
+   * <a id='template'></a>
+   *   html template as a string or a function that returns
+   *   an html template as a string which should be used by the uiView directives. This property 
+   *   takes precedence over templateUrl.
+   *   
+   *   If `template` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
+   *
+   *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by
+   *     applying the current state
+   *
+   * <pre>template:
+   *   "<h1>inline template definition</h1>" +
+   *   "<div ui-view></div>"</pre>
+   * <pre>template: function(params) {
+   *       return "<h1>generated template</h1>"; }</pre>
+   * </div>
+   *
+   * @param {string|function=} stateConfig.templateUrl
+   * <a id='templateUrl'></a>
+   *
+   *   path or function that returns a path to an html
+   *   template that should be used by uiView.
+   *   
+   *   If `templateUrl` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
+   *
+   *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by 
+   *     applying the current state
+   *
+   * <pre>templateUrl: "home.html"</pre>
+   * <pre>templateUrl: function(params) {
+   *     return myTemplates[params.pageId]; }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.templateProvider
+   * <a id='templateProvider'></a>
+   *    Provider function that returns HTML content string.
+   * <pre> templateProvider:
+   *       function(MyTemplateService, params) {
+   *         return MyTemplateService.getTemplate(params.pageId);
+   *       }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string|function=} stateConfig.controller
+   * <a id='controller'></a>
+   *
+   *  Controller fn that should be associated with newly
+   *   related scope or the name of a registered controller if passed as a string.
+   *   Optionally, the ControllerAs may be declared here.
+   * <pre>controller: "MyRegisteredController"</pre>
+   * <pre>controller:
+   *     "MyRegisteredController as fooCtrl"}</pre>
+   * <pre>controller: function($scope, MyService) {
+   *     $scope.data = MyService.getData(); }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.controllerProvider
+   * <a id='controllerProvider'></a>
+   *
+   * Injectable provider function that returns the actual controller or string.
+   * <pre>controllerProvider:
+   *   function(MyResolveData) {
+   *     if (MyResolveData.foo)
+   *       return "FooCtrl"
+   *     else if (MyResolveData.bar)
+   *       return "BarCtrl";
+   *     else return function($scope) {
+   *       $scope.baz = "Qux";
+   *     }
+   *   }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string=} stateConfig.controllerAs
+   * <a id='controllerAs'></a>
+   * 
+   * A controller alias name. If present the controller will be
+   *   published to scope under the controllerAs name.
+   * <pre>controllerAs: "myCtrl"</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.resolve
+   * <a id='resolve'></a>
+   *
+   * An optional map&lt;string, function&gt; of dependencies which
+   *   should be injected into the controller. If any of these dependencies are promises, 
+   *   the router will wait for them all to be resolved before the controller is instantiated.
+   *   If all the promises are resolved successfully, the $stateChangeSuccess event is fired
+   *   and the values of the resolved promises are injected into any controllers that reference them.
+   *   If any  of the promises are rejected the $stateChangeError event is fired.
+   *
+   *   The map object is:
+   *   
+   *   - key - {string}: name of dependency to be injected into controller
+   *   - factory - {string|function}: If string then it is alias for service. Otherwise if function, 
+   *     it is injected and return value it treated as dependency. If result is a promise, it is 
+   *     resolved before its value is injected into controller.
+   *
+   * <pre>resolve: {
+   *     myResolve1:
+   *       function($http, $stateParams) {
+   *         return $http.get("/api/foos/"+stateParams.fooID);
+   *       }
+   *     }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string=} stateConfig.url
+   * <a id='url'></a>
+   *
+   *   A url fragment with optional parameters. When a state is navigated or
+   *   transitioned to, the `$stateParams` service will be populated with any 
+   *   parameters that were passed.
+   *
+   * examples:
+   * <pre>url: "/home"
+   * url: "/users/:userid"
+   * url: "/books/{bookid:[a-zA-Z_-]}"
+   * url: "/books/{categoryid:int}"
+   * url: "/books/{publishername:string}/{categoryid:int}"
+   * url: "/messages?before&after"
+   * url: "/messages?{before:date}&{after:date}"</pre>
+   * url: "/messages/:mailboxid?{before:date}&{after:date}"
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.views
+   * <a id='views'></a>
+   * an optional map&lt;string, object&gt; which defined multiple views, or targets views
+   * manually/explicitly.
+   *
+   * Examples:
+   *
+   * Targets three named `ui-view`s in the parent state's template
+   * <pre>views: {
+   *     header: {
+   *       controller: "headerCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "header.html"
+   *     }, body: {
+   *       controller: "bodyCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "body.html"
+   *     }, footer: {
+   *       controller: "footCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "footer.html"
+   *     }
+   *   }</pre>
+   *
+   * Targets named `ui-view="header"` from grandparent state 'top''s template, and named `ui-view="body" from parent state's template.
+   * <pre>views: {
+   *     'header@top': {
+   *       controller: "msgHeaderCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "msgHeader.html"
+   *     }, 'body': {
+   *       controller: "messagesCtrl",
+   *       templateUrl: "messages.html"
+   *     }
+   *   }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} [stateConfig.abstract=false]
+   * <a id='abstract'></a>
+   * An abstract state will never be directly activated,
+   *   but can provide inherited properties to its common children states.
+   * <pre>abstract: true</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.onEnter
+   * <a id='onEnter'></a>
+   *
+   * Callback function for when a state is entered. Good way
+   *   to trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
+   * If minifying your scripts, make sure to explictly annotate this function,
+   * because it won't be automatically annotated by your build tools.
+   *
+   * <pre>onEnter: function(MyService, $stateParams) {
+   *     MyService.foo($stateParams.myParam);
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {function=} stateConfig.onExit
+   * <a id='onExit'></a>
+   *
+   * Callback function for when a state is exited. Good way to
+   *   trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
+   * If minifying your scripts, make sure to explictly annotate this function,
+   * because it won't be automatically annotated by your build tools.
+   *
+   * <pre>onExit: function(MyService, $stateParams) {
+   *     MyService.cleanup($stateParams.myParam);
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} [stateConfig.reloadOnSearch=true]
+   * <a id='reloadOnSearch'></a>
+   *
+   * If `false`, will not retrigger the same state
+   *   just because a search/query parameter has changed (via $location.search() or $location.hash()). 
+   *   Useful for when you'd like to modify $location.search() without triggering a reload.
+   * <pre>reloadOnSearch: false</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.data
+   * <a id='data'></a>
+   *
+   * Arbitrary data object, useful for custom configuration.  The parent state's `data` is
+   *   prototypally inherited.  In other words, adding a data property to a state adds it to
+   *   the entire subtree via prototypal inheritance.
+   *
+   * <pre>data: {
+   *     requiredRole: 'foo'
+   * } </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {object=} stateConfig.params
+   * <a id='params'></a>
+   *
+   * A map which optionally configures parameters declared in the `url`, or
+   *   defines additional non-url parameters.  For each parameter being
+   *   configured, add a configuration object keyed to the name of the parameter.
+   *
+   *   Each parameter configuration object may contain the following properties:
+   *
+   *   - ** value ** - {object|function=}: specifies the default value for this
+   *     parameter.  This implicitly sets this parameter as optional.
+   *
+   *     When UI-Router routes to a state and no value is
+   *     specified for this parameter in the URL or transition, the
+   *     default value will be used instead.  If `value` is a function,
+   *     it will be injected and invoked, and the return value used.
+   *
+   *     *Note*: `undefined` is treated as "no default value" while `null`
+   *     is treated as "the default value is `null`".
+   *
+   *     *Shorthand*: If you only need to configure the default value of the
+   *     parameter, you may use a shorthand syntax.   In the **`params`**
+   *     map, instead mapping the param name to a full parameter configuration
+   *     object, simply set map it to the default parameter value, e.g.:
+   *
+   * <pre>// define a parameter's default value
+   * params: {
+   *     param1: { value: "defaultValue" }
+   * }
+   * // shorthand default values
+   * params: {
+   *     param1: "defaultValue",
+   *     param2: "param2Default"
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   *   - ** array ** - {boolean=}: *(default: false)* If true, the param value will be
+   *     treated as an array of values.  If you specified a Type, the value will be
+   *     treated as an array of the specified Type.  Note: query parameter values
+   *     default to a special `"auto"` mode.
+   *
+   *     For query parameters in `"auto"` mode, if multiple  values for a single parameter
+   *     are present in the URL (e.g.: `/foo?bar=1&bar=2&bar=3`) then the values
+   *     are mapped to an array (e.g.: `{ foo: [ '1', '2', '3' ] }`).  However, if
+   *     only one value is present (e.g.: `/foo?bar=1`) then the value is treated as single
+   *     value (e.g.: `{ foo: '1' }`).
+   *
+   * <pre>params: {
+   *     param1: { array: true }
+   * }</pre>
+   *
+   *   - ** squash ** - {bool|string=}: `squash` configures how a default parameter value is represented in the URL when
+   *     the current parameter value is the same as the default value. If `squash` is not set, it uses the
+   *     configured default squash policy.
+   *     (See {@link ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#methods_defaultSquashPolicy `defaultSquashPolicy()`})
+   *
+   *   There are three squash settings:
+   *
+   *     - false: The parameter's default value is not squashed.  It is encoded and included in the URL
+   *     - true: The parameter's default value is omitted from the URL.  If the parameter is preceeded and followed
+   *       by slashes in the state's `url` declaration, then one of those slashes are omitted.
+   *       This can allow for cleaner looking URLs.
+   *     - `"<arbitrary string>"`: The parameter's default value is replaced with an arbitrary placeholder of  your choice.
+   *
+   * <pre>params: {
+   *     param1: {
+   *       value: "defaultId",
+   *       squash: true
+   * } }
+   * // squash "defaultValue" to "~"
+   * params: {
+   *     param1: {
+   *       value: "defaultValue",
+   *       squash: "~"
+   * } }
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   *
+   * @example
+   * <pre>
+   * // Some state name examples
+   *
+   * // stateName can be a single top-level name (must be unique).
+   * $stateProvider.state("home", {});
+   *
+   * // Or it can be a nested state name. This state is a child of the
+   * // above "home" state.
+   * $stateProvider.state("home.newest", {});
+   *
+   * // Nest states as deeply as needed.
+   * $stateProvider.state("home.newest.abc.xyz.inception", {});
+   *
+   * // state() returns $stateProvider, so you can chain state declarations.
+   * $stateProvider
+   *   .state("home", {})
+   *   .state("about", {})
+   *   .state("contacts", {});
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   */
+  this.state = state;
+  function state(name, definition) {
+    /*jshint validthis: true */
+    if (isObject(name)) definition = name;
+    else definition.name = name;
+    registerState(definition);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.state.$state
+   *
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   * @requires $q
+   * @requires ui.router.state.$view
+   * @requires $injector
+   * @requires ui.router.util.$resolve
+   * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
+   * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouter
+   *
+   * @property {object} params A param object, e.g. {sectionId: section.id)}, that 
+   * you'd like to test against the current active state.
+   * @property {object} current A reference to the state's config object. However 
+   * you passed it in. Useful for accessing custom data.
+   * @property {object} transition Currently pending transition. A promise that'll 
+   * resolve or reject.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * `$state` service is responsible for representing states as well as transitioning
+   * between them. It also provides interfaces to ask for current state or even states
+   * you're coming from.
+   */
+  this.$get = $get;
+  $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$q', '$view', '$injector', '$resolve', '$stateParams', '$urlRouter', '$location', '$urlMatcherFactory'];
+  function $get(   $rootScope,   $q,   $view,   $injector,   $resolve,   $stateParams,   $urlRouter,   $location,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
+
+    var TransitionSuperseded = $q.reject(new Error('transition superseded'));
+    var TransitionPrevented = $q.reject(new Error('transition prevented'));
+    var TransitionAborted = $q.reject(new Error('transition aborted'));
+    var TransitionFailed = $q.reject(new Error('transition failed'));
+
+    // Handles the case where a state which is the target of a transition is not found, and the user
+    // can optionally retry or defer the transition
+    function handleRedirect(redirect, state, params, options) {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateNotFound
+       * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+       * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+       * @description
+       * Fired when a requested state **cannot be found** using the provided state name during transition.
+       * The event is broadcast allowing any handlers a single chance to deal with the error (usually by
+       * lazy-loading the unfound state). A special `unfoundState` object is passed to the listener handler,
+       * you can see its three properties in the example. You can use `event.preventDefault()` to abort the
+       * transition and the promise returned from `go` will be rejected with a `'transition aborted'` value.
+       *
+       * @param {Object} event Event object.
+       * @param {Object} unfoundState Unfound State information. Contains: `to, toParams, options` properties.
+       * @param {State} fromState Current state object.
+       * @param {Object} fromParams Current state params.
+       *
+       * @example
+       *
+       * <pre>
+       * // somewhere, assume lazy.state has not been defined
+       * $state.go("lazy.state", {a:1, b:2}, {inherit:false});
+       *
+       * // somewhere else
+       * $scope.$on('$stateNotFound',
+       * function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
+       *     console.log(unfoundState.to); // "lazy.state"
+       *     console.log(unfoundState.toParams); // {a:1, b:2}
+       *     console.log(unfoundState.options); // {inherit:false} + default options
+       * })
+       * </pre>
+       */
+      var evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateNotFound', redirect, state, params);
+
+      if (evt.defaultPrevented) {
+        $urlRouter.update();
+        return TransitionAborted;
+      }
+
+      if (!evt.retry) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      // Allow the handler to return a promise to defer state lookup retry
+      if (options.$retry) {
+        $urlRouter.update();
+        return TransitionFailed;
+      }
+      var retryTransition = $state.transition = $q.when(evt.retry);
+
+      retryTransition.then(function() {
+        if (retryTransition !== $state.transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+        redirect.options.$retry = true;
+        return $state.transitionTo(redirect.to, redirect.toParams, redirect.options);
+      }, function() {
+        return TransitionAborted;
+      });
+      $urlRouter.update();
+
+      return retryTransition;
+    }
+
+    root.locals = { resolve: null, globals: { $stateParams: {} } };
+
+    $state = {
+      params: {},
+      current: root.self,
+      $current: root,
+      transition: null
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#reload
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A method that force reloads the current state. All resolves are re-resolved, events are not re-fired, 
+     * and controllers reinstantiated (bug with controllers reinstantiating right now, fixing soon).
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.reload = function(){
+     *     $state.reload();
+     *   }
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * `reload()` is just an alias for:
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { 
+     *   reload: true, inherit: false, notify: true
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition. See
+     * {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}.
+     */
+    $state.reload = function reload() {
+      return $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { reload: true, inherit: false, notify: true });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#go
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Convenience method for transitioning to a new state. `$state.go` calls 
+     * `$state.transitionTo` internally but automatically sets options to 
+     * `{ location: true, inherit: true, relative: $state.$current, notify: true }`. 
+     * This allows you to easily use an absolute or relative to path and specify 
+     * only the parameters you'd like to update (while letting unspecified parameters 
+     * inherit from the currently active ancestor states).
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
+     *     $state.go('contact.detail');
+     *   };
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     * <img src='../ngdoc_assets/StateGoExamples.png'/>
+     *
+     * @param {string} to Absolute state name or relative state path. Some examples:
+     *
+     * - `$state.go('contact.detail')` - will go to the `contact.detail` state
+     * - `$state.go('^')` - will go to a parent state
+     * - `$state.go('^.sibling')` - will go to a sibling state
+     * - `$state.go('.child.grandchild')` - will go to grandchild state
+     *
+     * @param {object=} params A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state, 
+     * will populate $stateParams. Any parameters that are not specified will be inherited from currently 
+     * defined parameters. This allows, for example, going to a sibling state that shares parameters
+     * specified in a parent state. Parameter inheritance only works between common ancestor states, I.e.
+     * transitioning to a sibling will get you the parameters for all parents, transitioning to a child
+     * will get you all current parameters, etc.
+     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
+     *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
+     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
+     * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
+     *    defines which state to be relative from.
+     * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
+     * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params 
+     *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you'd
+     *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
+     *
+     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition.
+     *
+     * Possible success values:
+     *
+     * - $state.current
+     *
+     * <br/>Possible rejection values:
+     *
+     * - 'transition superseded' - when a newer transition has been started after this one
+     * - 'transition prevented' - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateChangeStart` listener
+     * - 'transition aborted' - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateNotFound` listener or
+     *   when a `$stateNotFound` `event.retry` promise errors.
+     * - 'transition failed' - when a state has been unsuccessfully found after 2 tries.
+     * - *resolve error* - when an error has occurred with a `resolve`
+     *
+     */
+    $state.go = function go(to, params, options) {
+      return $state.transitionTo(to, params, extend({ inherit: true, relative: $state.$current }, options));
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#transitionTo
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Low-level method for transitioning to a new state. {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}
+     * uses `transitionTo` internally. `$state.go` is recommended in most situations.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
+     *
+     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
+     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
+     *     $state.transitionTo('contact.detail');
+     *   };
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string} to State name.
+     * @param {object=} toParams A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state,
+     * will populate $stateParams.
+     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
+     *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
+     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=false}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
+     * - **`relative`** - {object=}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
+     *    defines which state to be relative from.
+     * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
+     * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params 
+     *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you'd
+     *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
+     *
+     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition. See
+     * {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}.
+     */
+    $state.transitionTo = function transitionTo(to, toParams, options) {
+      toParams = toParams || {};
+      options = extend({
+        location: true, inherit: false, relative: null, notify: true, reload: false, $retry: false
+      }, options || {});
+
+      var from = $state.$current, fromParams = $state.params, fromPath = from.path;
+      var evt, toState = findState(to, options.relative);
+
+      if (!isDefined(toState)) {
+        var redirect = { to: to, toParams: toParams, options: options };
+        var redirectResult = handleRedirect(redirect, from.self, fromParams, options);
+
+        if (redirectResult) {
+          return redirectResult;
+        }
+
+        // Always retry once if the $stateNotFound was not prevented
+        // (handles either redirect changed or state lazy-definition)
+        to = redirect.to;
+        toParams = redirect.toParams;
+        options = redirect.options;
+        toState = findState(to, options.relative);
+
+        if (!isDefined(toState)) {
+          if (!options.relative) throw new Error("No such state '" + to + "'");
+          throw new Error("Could not resolve '" + to + "' from state '" + options.relative + "'");
+        }
+      }
+      if (toState[abstractKey]) throw new Error("Cannot transition to abstract state '" + to + "'");
+      if (options.inherit) toParams = inheritParams($stateParams, toParams || {}, $state.$current, toState);
+      if (!toState.params.$$validates(toParams)) return TransitionFailed;
+
+      toParams = toState.params.$$values(toParams);
+      to = toState;
+
+      var toPath = to.path;
+
+      // Starting from the root of the path, keep all levels that haven't changed
+      var keep = 0, state = toPath[keep], locals = root.locals, toLocals = [];
+
+      if (!options.reload) {
+        while (state && state === fromPath[keep] && state.ownParams.$$equals(toParams, fromParams)) {
+          locals = toLocals[keep] = state.locals;
+          keep++;
+          state = toPath[keep];
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If we're going to the same state and all locals are kept, we've got nothing to do.
+      // But clear 'transition', as we still want to cancel any other pending transitions.
+      // TODO: We may not want to bump 'transition' if we're called from a location change
+      // that we've initiated ourselves, because we might accidentally abort a legitimate
+      // transition initiated from code?
+      if (shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options)) {
+        if (to.self.reloadOnSearch !== false) $urlRouter.update();
+        $state.transition = null;
+        return $q.when($state.current);
+      }
+
+      // Filter parameters before we pass them to event handlers etc.
+      toParams = filterByKeys(to.params.$$keys(), toParams || {});
+
+      // Broadcast start event and cancel the transition if requested
+      if (options.notify) {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeStart
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         * Fired when the state transition **begins**. You can use `event.preventDefault()`
+         * to prevent the transition from happening and then the transition promise will be
+         * rejected with a `'transition prevented'` value.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
+         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
+         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
+         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
+         *
+         * @example
+         *
+         * <pre>
+         * $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart',
+         * function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
+         *     event.preventDefault();
+         *     // transitionTo() promise will be rejected with
+         *     // a 'transition prevented' error
+         * })
+         * </pre>
+         */
+        if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeStart', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams).defaultPrevented) {
+          $urlRouter.update();
+          return TransitionPrevented;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Resolve locals for the remaining states, but don't update any global state just
+      // yet -- if anything fails to resolve the current state needs to remain untouched.
+      // We also set up an inheritance chain for the locals here. This allows the view directive
+      // to quickly look up the correct definition for each view in the current state. Even
+      // though we create the locals object itself outside resolveState(), it is initially
+      // empty and gets filled asynchronously. We need to keep track of the promise for the
+      // (fully resolved) current locals, and pass this down the chain.
+      var resolved = $q.when(locals);
+
+      for (var l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++, state = toPath[l]) {
+        locals = toLocals[l] = inherit(locals);
+        resolved = resolveState(state, toParams, state === to, resolved, locals, options);
+      }
+
+      // Once everything is resolved, we are ready to perform the actual transition
+      // and return a promise for the new state. We also keep track of what the
+      // current promise is, so that we can detect overlapping transitions and
+      // keep only the outcome of the last transition.
+      var transition = $state.transition = resolved.then(function () {
+        var l, entering, exiting;
+
+        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+
+        // Exit 'from' states not kept
+        for (l = fromPath.length - 1; l >= keep; l--) {
+          exiting = fromPath[l];
+          if (exiting.self.onExit) {
+            $injector.invoke(exiting.self.onExit, exiting.self, exiting.locals.globals);
+          }
+          exiting.locals = null;
+        }
+
+        // Enter 'to' states not kept
+        for (l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++) {
+          entering = toPath[l];
+          entering.locals = toLocals[l];
+          if (entering.self.onEnter) {
+            $injector.invoke(entering.self.onEnter, entering.self, entering.locals.globals);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Run it again, to catch any transitions in callbacks
+        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+
+        // Update globals in $state
+        $state.$current = to;
+        $state.current = to.self;
+        $state.params = toParams;
+        copy($state.params, $stateParams);
+        $state.transition = null;
+
+        if (options.location && to.navigable) {
+          $urlRouter.push(to.navigable.url, to.navigable.locals.globals.$stateParams, {
+            $$avoidResync: true, replace: options.location === 'replace'
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (options.notify) {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeSuccess
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         * Fired once the state transition is **complete**.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
+         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
+         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
+         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
+         */
+          $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeSuccess', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
+        }
+        $urlRouter.update(true);
+
+        return $state.current;
+      }, function (error) {
+        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
+
+        $state.transition = null;
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeError
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         * Fired when an **error occurs** during transition. It's important to note that if you
+         * have any errors in your resolve functions (javascript errors, non-existent services, etc)
+         * they will not throw traditionally. You must listen for this $stateChangeError event to
+         * catch **ALL** errors.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
+         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
+         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
+         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
+         * @param {Error} error The resolve error object.
+         */
+        evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeError', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams, error);
+
+        if (!evt.defaultPrevented) {
+            $urlRouter.update();
+        }
+
+        return $q.reject(error);
+      });
+
+      return transition;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#is
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Similar to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes},
+     * but only checks for the full state name. If params is supplied then it will be
+     * tested for strict equality against the current active params object, so all params
+     * must match with none missing and no extras.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item';
+     *
+     * // absolute name
+     * $state.is('contact.details.item'); // returns true
+     * $state.is(contactDetailItemStateObject); // returns true
+     *
+     * // relative name (. and ^), typically from a template
+     * // E.g. from the 'contacts.details' template
+     * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.is('.item')}">Item</div>
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string|object} stateOrName The state name (absolute or relative) or state object you'd like to check.
+     * @param {object=} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`, that you'd like
+     * to test against the current active state.
+     * @param {object=} options An options object.  The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`relative`** - {string|object} -  If `stateOrName` is a relative state name and `options.relative` is set, .is will
+     * test relative to `options.relative` state (or name).
+     *
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it is the state.
+     */
+    $state.is = function is(stateOrName, params, options) {
+      options = extend({ relative: $state.$current }, options || {});
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
+
+      if (!isDefined(state)) { return undefined; }
+      if ($state.$current !== state) { return false; }
+      return params ? equalForKeys(state.params.$$values(params), $stateParams) : true;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#includes
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A method to determine if the current active state is equal to or is the child of the
+     * state stateName. If any params are passed then they will be tested for a match as well.
+     * Not all the parameters need to be passed, just the ones you'd like to test for equality.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * Partial and relative names
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item';
+     *
+     * // Using partial names
+     * $state.includes("contacts"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("contacts.details"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("contacts.details.item"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("contacts.list"); // returns false
+     * $state.includes("about"); // returns false
+     *
+     * // Using relative names (. and ^), typically from a template
+     * // E.g. from the 'contacts.details' template
+     * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.includes('.item')}">Item</div>
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Basic globbing patterns
+     * <pre>
+     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item.url';
+     *
+     * $state.includes("*.details.*.*"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.**"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("**.item.**"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.item.url"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.*.url"); // returns true
+     * $state.includes("*.details.*"); // returns false
+     * $state.includes("item.**"); // returns false
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string} stateOrName A partial name, relative name, or glob pattern
+     * to be searched for within the current state name.
+     * @param {object=} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`,
+     * that you'd like to test against the current active state.
+     * @param {object=} options An options object.  The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`relative`** - {string|object=} -  If `stateOrName` is a relative state reference and `options.relative` is set,
+     * .includes will test relative to `options.relative` state (or name).
+     *
+     * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it does include the state
+     */
+    $state.includes = function includes(stateOrName, params, options) {
+      options = extend({ relative: $state.$current }, options || {});
+      if (isString(stateOrName) && isGlob(stateOrName)) {
+        if (!doesStateMatchGlob(stateOrName)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        stateOrName = $state.$current.name;
+      }
+
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
+      if (!isDefined(state)) { return undefined; }
+      if (!isDefined($state.$current.includes[state.name])) { return false; }
+      return params ? equalForKeys(state.params.$$values(params), $stateParams, objectKeys(params)) : true;
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#href
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A url generation method that returns the compiled url for the given state populated with the given params.
+     *
+     * @example
+     * <pre>
+     * expect($state.href("about.person", { person: "bob" })).toEqual("/about/bob");
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param {string|object} stateOrName The state name or state object you'd like to generate a url from.
+     * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the state's required parameters.
+     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
+     *
+     * - **`lossy`** - {boolean=true} -  If true, and if there is no url associated with the state provided in the
+     *    first parameter, then the constructed href url will be built from the first navigable ancestor (aka
+     *    ancestor with a valid url).
+     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
+     * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
+     *    defines which state to be relative from.
+     * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
+     * 
+     * @returns {string} compiled state url
+     */
+    $state.href = function href(stateOrName, params, options) {
+      options = extend({
+        lossy:    true,
+        inherit:  true,
+        absolute: false,
+        relative: $state.$current
+      }, options || {});
+
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);
+
+      if (!isDefined(state)) return null;
+      if (options.inherit) params = inheritParams($stateParams, params || {}, $state.$current, state);
+      
+      var nav = (state && options.lossy) ? state.navigable : state;
+
+      if (!nav || nav.url === undefined || nav.url === null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+      return $urlRouter.href(nav.url, filterByKeys(state.params.$$keys(), params || {}), {
+        absolute: options.absolute
+      });
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ui.router.state.$state#get
+     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns the state configuration object for any specific state or all states.
+     *
+     * @param {string|object=} stateOrName (absolute or relative) If provided, will only get the config for
+     * the requested state. If not provided, returns an array of ALL state configs.
+     * @param {string|object=} context When stateOrName is a relative state reference, the state will be retrieved relative to context.
+     * @returns {Object|Array} State configuration object or array of all objects.
+     */
+    $state.get = function (stateOrName, context) {
+      if (arguments.length === 0) return map(objectKeys(states), function(name) { return states[name].self; });
+      var state = findState(stateOrName, context || $state.$current);
+      return (state && state.self) ? state.self : null;
+    };
+
+    function resolveState(state, params, paramsAreFiltered, inherited, dst, options) {
+      // Make a restricted $stateParams with only the parameters that apply to this state if
+      // necessary. In addition to being available to the controller and onEnter/onExit callbacks,
+      // we also need $stateParams to be available for any $injector calls we make during the
+      // dependency resolution process.
+      var $stateParams = (paramsAreFiltered) ? params : filterByKeys(state.params.$$keys(), params);
+      var locals = { $stateParams: $stateParams };
+
+      // Resolve 'global' dependencies for the state, i.e. those not specific to a view.
+      // We're also including $stateParams in this; that way the parameters are restricted
+      // to the set that should be visible to the state, and are independent of when we update
+      // the global $state and $stateParams values.
+      dst.resolve = $resolve.resolve(state.resolve, locals, dst.resolve, state);
+      var promises = [dst.resolve.then(function (globals) {
+        dst.globals = globals;
+      })];
+      if (inherited) promises.push(inherited);
+
+      // Resolve template and dependencies for all views.
+      forEach(state.views, function (view, name) {
+        var injectables = (view.resolve && view.resolve !== state.resolve ? view.resolve : {});
+        injectables.$template = [ function () {
+          return $view.load(name, { view: view, locals: locals, params: $stateParams, notify: options.notify }) || '';
+        }];
+
+        promises.push($resolve.resolve(injectables, locals, dst.resolve, state).then(function (result) {
+          // References to the controller (only instantiated at link time)
+          if (isFunction(view.controllerProvider) || isArray(view.controllerProvider)) {
+            var injectLocals = angular.extend({}, injectables, locals);
+            result.$$controller = $injector.invoke(view.controllerProvider, null, injectLocals);
+          } else {
+            result.$$controller = view.controller;
+          }
+          // Provide access to the state itself for internal use
+          result.$$state = state;
+          result.$$controllerAs = view.controllerAs;
+          dst[name] = result;
+        }));
+      });
+
+      // Wait for all the promises and then return the activation object
+      return $q.all(promises).then(function (values) {
+        return dst;
+      });
+    }
+
+    return $state;
+  }
+
+  function shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options) {
+    if (to === from && ((locals === from.locals && !options.reload) || (to.self.reloadOnSearch === false))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state')
+  .value('$stateParams', {})
+  .provider('$state', $StateProvider);
+
+
+$ViewProvider.$inject = [];
+function $ViewProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = $get;
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.state.$view
+   *
+   * @requires ui.router.util.$templateFactory
+   * @requires $rootScope
+   *
+   * @description
+   *
+   */
+  $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$templateFactory'];
+  function $get(   $rootScope,   $templateFactory) {
+    return {
+      // $view.load('full.viewName', { template: ..., controller: ..., resolve: ..., async: false, params: ... })
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ui.router.state.$view#load
+       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$view
+       *
+       * @description
+       *
+       * @param {string} name name
+       * @param {object} options option object.
+       */
+      load: function load(name, options) {
+        var result, defaults = {
+          template: null, controller: null, view: null, locals: null, notify: true, async: true, params: {}
+        };
+        options = extend(defaults, options);
+
+        if (options.view) {
+          result = $templateFactory.fromConfig(options.view, options.params, options.locals);
+        }
+        if (result && options.notify) {
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc event
+         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$viewContentLoading
+         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$view
+         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+         * @description
+         *
+         * Fired once the view **begins loading**, *before* the DOM is rendered.
+         *
+         * @param {Object} event Event object.
+         * @param {Object} viewConfig The view config properties (template, controller, etc).
+         *
+         * @example
+         *
+         * <pre>
+         * $scope.$on('$viewContentLoading',
+         * function(event, viewConfig){
+         *     // Access to all the view config properties.
+         *     // and one special property 'targetView'
+         *     // viewConfig.targetView
+         * });
+         * </pre>
+         */
+          $rootScope.$broadcast('$viewContentLoading', options);
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$view', $ViewProvider);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Provider that returns the {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll} service function.
+ */
+function $ViewScrollProvider() {
+
+  var useAnchorScroll = false;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#useAnchorScroll
+   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Reverts back to using the core [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll) service for
+   * scrolling based on the url anchor.
+   */
+  this.useAnchorScroll = function () {
+    useAnchorScroll = true;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc object
+   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
+   *
+   * @requires $anchorScroll
+   * @requires $timeout
+   *
+   * @description
+   * When called with a jqLite element, it scrolls the element into view (after a
+   * `$timeout` so the DOM has time to refresh).
+   *
+   * If you prefer to rely on `$anchorScroll` to scroll the view to the anchor,
+   * this can be enabled by calling {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#methods_useAnchorScroll `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`}.
+   */
+  this.$get = ['$anchorScroll', '$timeout', function ($anchorScroll, $timeout) {
+    if (useAnchorScroll) {
+      return $anchorScroll;
+    }
+
+    return function ($element) {
+      $timeout(function () {
+        $element[0].scrollIntoView();
+      }, 0, false);
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$uiViewScroll', $ViewScrollProvider);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires $compile
+ * @requires $controller
+ * @requires $injector
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @restrict ECA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ui-view directive tells $state where to place your templates.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name A view name. The name should be unique amongst the other views in the
+ * same state. You can have views of the same name that live in different states.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} autoscroll It allows you to set the scroll behavior of the browser window
+ * when a view is populated. By default, $anchorScroll is overridden by ui-router's custom scroll
+ * service, {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll}. This custom service let's you
+ * scroll ui-view elements into view when they are populated during a state activation.
+ *
+ * *Note: To revert back to old [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll)
+ * functionality, call `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`.*
+ *
+ * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates.
+ * 
+ * @example
+ * A view can be unnamed or named. 
+ * <pre>
+ * <!-- Unnamed -->
+ * <div ui-view></div> 
+ * 
+ * <!-- Named -->
+ * <div ui-view="viewName"></div>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * You can only have one unnamed view within any template (or root html). If you are only using a 
+ * single view and it is unnamed then you can populate it like so:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ui-view></div> 
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * The above is a convenient shortcut equivalent to specifying your view explicitly with the {@link ui.router.state.$stateProvider#views `views`}
+ * config property, by name, in this case an empty name:
+ * <pre>
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   views: {
+ *     "": {
+ *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ *     }
+ *   }    
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * But typically you'll only use the views property if you name your view or have more than one view 
+ * in the same template. There's not really a compelling reason to name a view if its the only one, 
+ * but you could if you wanted, like so:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ui-view="main"></div>
+ * </pre> 
+ * <pre>
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   views: {
+ *     "main": {
+ *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ *     }
+ *   }    
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * Really though, you'll use views to set up multiple views:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ui-view></div>
+ * <div ui-view="chart"></div> 
+ * <div ui-view="data"></div> 
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * $stateProvider.state("home", {
+ *   views: {
+ *     "": {
+ *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
+ *     },
+ *     "chart": {
+ *       template: "<chart_thing/>"
+ *     },
+ *     "data": {
+ *       template: "<data_thing/>"
+ *     }
+ *   }    
+ * })
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Examples for `autoscroll`:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * <!-- If autoscroll present with no expression,
+ *      then scroll ui-view into view -->
+ * <ui-view autoscroll/>
+ *
+ * <!-- If autoscroll present with valid expression,
+ *      then scroll ui-view into view if expression evaluates to true -->
+ * <ui-view autoscroll='true'/>
+ * <ui-view autoscroll='false'/>
+ * <ui-view autoscroll='scopeVariable'/>
+ * </pre>
+ */
+$ViewDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$injector', '$uiViewScroll', '$interpolate'];
+function $ViewDirective(   $state,   $injector,   $uiViewScroll,   $interpolate) {
+
+  function getService() {
+    return ($injector.has) ? function(service) {
+      return $injector.has(service) ? $injector.get(service) : null;
+    } : function(service) {
+      try {
+        return $injector.get(service);
+      } catch (e) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  var service = getService(),
+      $animator = service('$animator'),
+      $animate = service('$animate');
+
+  // Returns a set of DOM manipulation functions based on which Angular version
+  // it should use
+  function getRenderer(attrs, scope) {
+    var statics = function() {
+      return {
+        enter: function (element, target, cb) { target.after(element); cb(); },
+        leave: function (element, cb) { element.remove(); cb(); }
+      };
+    };
+
+    if ($animate) {
+      return {
+        enter: function(element, target, cb) {
+          var promise = $animate.enter(element, null, target, cb);
+          if (promise && promise.then) promise.then(cb);
+        },
+        leave: function(element, cb) {
+          var promise = $animate.leave(element, cb);
+          if (promise && promise.then) promise.then(cb);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+    if ($animator) {
+      var animate = $animator && $animator(scope, attrs);
+
+      return {
+        enter: function(element, target, cb) {animate.enter(element, null, target); cb(); },
+        leave: function(element, cb) { animate.leave(element); cb(); }
+      };
+    }
+
+    return statics();
+  }
+
+  var directive = {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    terminal: true,
+    priority: 400,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    compile: function (tElement, tAttrs, $transclude) {
+      return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
+        var previousEl, currentEl, currentScope, latestLocals,
+            onloadExp     = attrs.onload || '',
+            autoScrollExp = attrs.autoscroll,
+            renderer      = getRenderer(attrs, scope);
+
+        scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() {
+          updateView(false);
+        });
+        scope.$on('$viewContentLoading', function() {
+          updateView(false);
+        });
+
+        updateView(true);
+
+        function cleanupLastView() {
+          if (previousEl) {
+            previousEl.remove();
+            previousEl = null;
+          }
+
+          if (currentScope) {
+            currentScope.$destroy();
+            currentScope = null;
+          }
+
+          if (currentEl) {
+            renderer.leave(currentEl, function() {
+              previousEl = null;
+            });
+
+            previousEl = currentEl;
+            currentEl = null;
+          }
+        }
+
+        function updateView(firstTime) {
+          var newScope,
+              name            = getUiViewName(scope, attrs, $element, $interpolate),
+              previousLocals  = name && $state.$current && $state.$current.locals[name];
+
+          if (!firstTime && previousLocals === latestLocals) return; // nothing to do
+          newScope = scope.$new();
+          latestLocals = $state.$current.locals[name];
+
+          var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
+            renderer.enter(clone, $element, function onUiViewEnter() {
+              if(currentScope) {
+                currentScope.$emit('$viewContentAnimationEnded');
+              }
+
+              if (angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp) && !autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp)) {
+                $uiViewScroll(clone);
+              }
+            });
+            cleanupLastView();
+          });
+
+          currentEl = clone;
+          currentScope = newScope;
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc event
+           * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view#$viewContentLoaded
+           * @eventOf ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
+           * @eventType emits on ui-view directive scope
+           * @description           *
+           * Fired once the view is **loaded**, *after* the DOM is rendered.
+           *
+           * @param {Object} event Event object.
+           */
+          currentScope.$emit('$viewContentLoaded');
+          currentScope.$eval(onloadExp);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+
+  return directive;
+}
+
+$ViewDirectiveFill.$inject = ['$compile', '$controller', '$state', '$interpolate'];
+function $ViewDirectiveFill (  $compile,   $controller,   $state,   $interpolate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    priority: -400,
+    compile: function (tElement) {
+      var initial = tElement.html();
+      return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
+        var current = $state.$current,
+            name = getUiViewName(scope, attrs, $element, $interpolate),
+            locals  = current && current.locals[name];
+
+        if (! locals) {
+          return;
+        }
+
+        $element.data('$uiView', { name: name, state: locals.$$state });
+        $element.html(locals.$template ? locals.$template : initial);
+
+        var link = $compile($element.contents());
+
+        if (locals.$$controller) {
+          locals.$scope = scope;
+          var controller = $controller(locals.$$controller, locals);
+          if (locals.$$controllerAs) {
+            scope[locals.$$controllerAs] = controller;
+          }
+          $element.data('$ngControllerController', controller);
+          $element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
+        }
+
+        link(scope);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Shared ui-view code for both directives:
+ * Given scope, element, and its attributes, return the view's name
+ */
+function getUiViewName(scope, attrs, element, $interpolate) {
+  var name = $interpolate(attrs.uiView || attrs.name || '')(scope);
+  var inherited = element.inheritedData('$uiView');
+  return name.indexOf('@') >= 0 ?  name :  (name + '@' + (inherited ? inherited.state.name : ''));
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirective);
+angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirectiveFill);
+
+function parseStateRef(ref, current) {
+  var preparsed = ref.match(/^\s*({[^}]*})\s*$/), parsed;
+  if (preparsed) ref = current + '(' + preparsed[1] + ')';
+  parsed = ref.replace(/\n/g, " ").match(/^([^(]+?)\s*(\((.*)\))?$/);
+  if (!parsed || parsed.length !== 4) throw new Error("Invalid state ref '" + ref + "'");
+  return { state: parsed[1], paramExpr: parsed[3] || null };
+}
+
+function stateContext(el) {
+  var stateData = el.parent().inheritedData('$uiView');
+
+  if (stateData && stateData.state && stateData.state.name) {
+    return stateData.state;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires $timeout
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A directive that binds a link (`<a>` tag) to a state. If the state has an associated 
+ * URL, the directive will automatically generate & update the `href` attribute via 
+ * the {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_href $state.href()} method. Clicking 
+ * the link will trigger a state transition with optional parameters. 
+ *
+ * Also middle-clicking, right-clicking, and ctrl-clicking on the link will be 
+ * handled natively by the browser.
+ *
+ * You can also use relative state paths within ui-sref, just like the relative 
+ * paths passed to `$state.go()`. You just need to be aware that the path is relative
+ * to the state that the link lives in, in other words the state that loaded the 
+ * template containing the link.
+ *
+ * You can specify options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
+ * using the `ui-sref-opts` attribute. Options are restricted to `location`, `inherit`,
+ * and `reload`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here's an example of how you'd use ui-sref and how it would compile. If you have the 
+ * following template:
+ * <pre>
+ * <a ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
+ * 
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">{{ contact.name }}</a>
+ *     </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * Then the compiled html would be (assuming Html5Mode is off and current state is contacts):
+ * <pre>
+ * <a href="#/home" ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a href="#/about" ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a href="#/contacts?page=2" ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
+ * 
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a href="#/contacts/1" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Joe</a>
+ *     </li>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a href="#/contacts/2" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Alice</a>
+ *     </li>
+ *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+ *         <a href="#/contacts/3" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Bob</a>
+ *     </li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <a ui-sref="home" ui-sref-opts="{reload: true}">Home</a>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {string} ui-sref 'stateName' can be any valid absolute or relative state
+ * @param {Object} ui-sref-opts options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
+ */
+$StateRefDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$timeout'];
+function $StateRefDirective($state, $timeout) {
+  var allowedOptions = ['location', 'inherit', 'reload'];
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: ['?^uiSrefActive', '?^uiSrefActiveEq'],
+    link: function(scope, element, attrs, uiSrefActive) {
+      var ref = parseStateRef(attrs.uiSref, $state.current.name);
+      var params = null, url = null, base = stateContext(element) || $state.$current;
+      var newHref = null, isAnchor = element.prop("tagName") === "A";
+      var isForm = element[0].nodeName === "FORM";
+      var attr = isForm ? "action" : "href", nav = true;
+
+      var options = { relative: base, inherit: true };
+      var optionsOverride = scope.$eval(attrs.uiSrefOpts) || {};
+
+      angular.forEach(allowedOptions, function(option) {
+        if (option in optionsOverride) {
+          options[option] = optionsOverride[option];
+        }
+      });
+
+      var update = function(newVal) {
+        if (newVal) params = angular.copy(newVal);
+        if (!nav) return;
+
+        newHref = $state.href(ref.state, params, options);
+
+        var activeDirective = uiSrefActive[1] || uiSrefActive[0];
+        if (activeDirective) {
+          activeDirective.$$setStateInfo(ref.state, params);
+        }
+        if (newHref === null) {
+          nav = false;
+          return false;
+        }
+        attrs.$set(attr, newHref);
+      };
+
+      if (ref.paramExpr) {
+        scope.$watch(ref.paramExpr, function(newVal, oldVal) {
+          if (newVal !== params) update(newVal);
+        }, true);
+        params = angular.copy(scope.$eval(ref.paramExpr));
+      }
+      update();
+
+      if (isForm) return;
+
+      element.bind("click", function(e) {
+        var button = e.which || e.button;
+        if ( !(button > 1 || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey || e.shiftKey || element.attr('target')) ) {
+          // HACK: This is to allow ng-clicks to be processed before the transition is initiated:
+          var transition = $timeout(function() {
+            $state.go(ref.state, params, options);
+          });
+          e.preventDefault();
+
+          // if the state has no URL, ignore one preventDefault from the <a> directive.
+          var ignorePreventDefaultCount = isAnchor && !newHref ? 1: 0;
+          e.preventDefault = function() {
+            if (ignorePreventDefaultCount-- <= 0)
+              $timeout.cancel(transition);
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
+ * @requires $interpolate
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A directive working alongside ui-sref to add classes to an element when the
+ * related ui-sref directive's state is active, and removing them when it is inactive.
+ * The primary use-case is to simplify the special appearance of navigation menus
+ * relying on `ui-sref`, by having the "active" state's menu button appear different,
+ * distinguishing it from the inactive menu items.
+ *
+ * ui-sref-active can live on the same element as ui-sref or on a parent element. The first
+ * ui-sref-active found at the same level or above the ui-sref will be used.
+ *
+ * Will activate when the ui-sref's target state or any child state is active. If you
+ * need to activate only when the ui-sref target state is active and *not* any of
+ * it's children, then you will use
+ * {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq ui-sref-active-eq}
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Given the following template:
+ * <pre>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item">
+ *     <a href ui-sref="app.user({user: 'bilbobaggins'})">@bilbobaggins</a>
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ * When the app state is "app.user" (or any children states), and contains the state parameter "user" with value "bilbobaggins",
+ * the resulting HTML will appear as (note the 'active' class):
+ * <pre>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item active">
+ *     <a ui-sref="app.user({user: 'bilbobaggins'})" href="/users/bilbobaggins">@bilbobaggins</a>
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The class name is interpolated **once** during the directives link time (any further changes to the
+ * interpolated value are ignored).
+ *
+ * Multiple classes may be specified in a space-separated format:
+ * <pre>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li ui-sref-active='class1 class2 class3'>
+ *     <a ui-sref="app.user">link</a>
+ *   </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
+ * @requires $interpolate
+ *
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The same as {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active ui-sref-active} but will only activate
+ * when the exact target state used in the `ui-sref` is active; no child states.
+ *
+ */
+$StateRefActiveDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$stateParams', '$interpolate'];
+function $StateRefActiveDirective($state, $stateParams, $interpolate) {
+  return  {
+    restrict: "A",
+    controller: ['$scope', '$element', '$attrs', function ($scope, $element, $attrs) {
+      var state, params, activeClass;
+
+      // There probably isn't much point in $observing this
+      // uiSrefActive and uiSrefActiveEq share the same directive object with some
+      // slight difference in logic routing
+      activeClass = $interpolate($attrs.uiSrefActiveEq || $attrs.uiSrefActive || '', false)($scope);
+
+      // Allow uiSref to communicate with uiSrefActive[Equals]
+      this.$$setStateInfo = function (newState, newParams) {
+        state = $state.get(newState, stateContext($element));
+        params = newParams;
+        update();
+      };
+
+      $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', update);
+
+      // Update route state
+      function update() {
+        if (isMatch()) {
+          $element.addClass(activeClass);
+        } else {
+          $element.removeClass(activeClass);
+        }
+      }
+
+      function isMatch() {
+        if (typeof $attrs.uiSrefActiveEq !== 'undefined') {
+          return state && $state.is(state.name, params);
+        } else {
+          return state && $state.includes(state.name, params);
+        }
+      }
+    }]
+  };
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state')
+  .directive('uiSref', $StateRefDirective)
+  .directive('uiSrefActive', $StateRefActiveDirective)
+  .directive('uiSrefActiveEq', $StateRefActiveDirective);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ui.router.state.filter:isState
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_is $state.is("stateName")}.
+ */
+$IsStateFilter.$inject = ['$state'];
+function $IsStateFilter($state) {
+  var isFilter = function (state) {
+    return $state.is(state);
+  };
+  isFilter.$stateful = true;
+  return isFilter;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ui.router.state.filter:includedByState
+ *
+ * @requires ui.router.state.$state
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes('fullOrPartialStateName')}.
+ */
+$IncludedByStateFilter.$inject = ['$state'];
+function $IncludedByStateFilter($state) {
+  var includesFilter = function (state) {
+    return $state.includes(state);
+  };
+  includesFilter.$stateful = true;
+  return  includesFilter;
+}
+
+angular.module('ui.router.state')
+  .filter('isState', $IsStateFilter)
+  .filter('includedByState', $IncludedByStateFilter);
+})(window, window.angular);
+/*!
+ * ionic.bundle.js is a concatenation of:
+ * ionic.js, angular.js, angular-animate.js,
+ * angular-sanitize.js, angular-ui-router.js,
+ * and ionic-angular.js
+ */
+
+/*!
+ * Copyright 2014 Drifty Co.
+ * http://drifty.com/
+ *
+ * Ionic, v1.0.0-rc.4
+ * A powerful HTML5 mobile app framework.
+ * http://ionicframework.com/
+ *
+ * By @maxlynch, @benjsperry, @adamdbradley <3
+ *
+ * Licensed under the MIT license. Please see LICENSE for more information.
+ *
+ */
+
+(function() {
+/* eslint no-unused-vars:0 */
+var IonicModule = angular.module('ionic', ['ngAnimate', 'ngSanitize', 'ui.router']),
+  extend = angular.extend,
+  forEach = angular.forEach,
+  isDefined = angular.isDefined,
+  isNumber = angular.isNumber,
+  isString = angular.isString,
+  jqLite = angular.element,
+  noop = angular.noop;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicActionSheet
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * The Action Sheet is a slide-up pane that lets the user choose from a set of options.
+ * Dangerous options are highlighted in red and made obvious.
+ *
+ * There are easy ways to cancel out of the action sheet, such as tapping the backdrop or even
+ * hitting escape on the keyboard for desktop testing.
+ *
+ * ![Action Sheet](http://ionicframework.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/controllers/actionSheet.gif)
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * To trigger an Action Sheet in your code, use the $ionicActionSheet service in your angular controllers:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * angular.module('mySuperApp', ['ionic'])
+ * .controller(function($scope, $ionicActionSheet, $timeout) {
+ *
+ *  // Triggered on a button click, or some other target
+ *  $scope.show = function() {
+ *
+ *    // Show the action sheet
+ *    var hideSheet = $ionicActionSheet.show({
+ *      buttons: [
+ *        { text: '<b>Share</b> This' },
+ *        { text: 'Move' }
+ *      ],
+ *      destructiveText: 'Delete',
+ *      titleText: 'Modify your album',
+ *      cancelText: 'Cancel',
+ *      cancel: function() {
+          // add cancel code..
+        },
+ *      buttonClicked: function(index) {
+ *        return true;
+ *      }
+ *    });
+ *
+ *    // For example's sake, hide the sheet after two seconds
+ *    $timeout(function() {
+ *      hideSheet();
+ *    }, 2000);
+ *
+ *  };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicActionSheet', [
+  '$rootScope',
+  '$compile',
+  '$animate',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$ionicTemplateLoader',
+  '$ionicPlatform',
+  '$ionicBody',
+  'IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY',
+function($rootScope, $compile, $animate, $timeout, $ionicTemplateLoader, $ionicPlatform, $ionicBody, IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY) {
+
+  return {
+    show: actionSheet
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicActionSheet#show
+   * @description
+   * Load and return a new action sheet.
+   *
+   * A new isolated scope will be created for the
+   * action sheet and the new element will be appended into the body.
+   *
+   * @param {object} options The options for this ActionSheet. Properties:
+   *
+   *  - `[Object]` `buttons` Which buttons to show.  Each button is an object with a `text` field.
+   *  - `{string}` `titleText` The title to show on the action sheet.
+   *  - `{string=}` `cancelText` the text for a 'cancel' button on the action sheet.
+   *  - `{string=}` `destructiveText` The text for a 'danger' on the action sheet.
+   *  - `{function=}` `cancel` Called if the cancel button is pressed, the backdrop is tapped or
+   *     the hardware back button is pressed.
+   *  - `{function=}` `buttonClicked` Called when one of the non-destructive buttons is clicked,
+   *     with the index of the button that was clicked and the button object. Return true to close
+   *     the action sheet, or false to keep it opened.
+   *  - `{function=}` `destructiveButtonClicked` Called when the destructive button is clicked.
+   *     Return true to close the action sheet, or false to keep it opened.
+   *  -  `{boolean=}` `cancelOnStateChange` Whether to cancel the actionSheet when navigating
+   *     to a new state.  Default true.
+   *  - `{string}` `cssClass` The custom CSS class name.
+   *
+   * @returns {function} `hideSheet` A function which, when called, hides & cancels the action sheet.
+   */
+  function actionSheet(opts) {
+    var scope = $rootScope.$new(true);
+
+    extend(scope, {
+      cancel: noop,
+      destructiveButtonClicked: noop,
+      buttonClicked: noop,
+      $deregisterBackButton: noop,
+      buttons: [],
+      cancelOnStateChange: true
+    }, opts || {});
+
+    function textForIcon(text) {
+      if (text && /icon/.test(text)) {
+        scope.$actionSheetHasIcon = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (var x = 0; x < scope.buttons.length; x++) {
+      textForIcon(scope.buttons[x].text);
+    }
+    textForIcon(scope.cancelText);
+    textForIcon(scope.destructiveText);
+
+    // Compile the template
+    var element = scope.element = $compile('<ion-action-sheet ng-class="cssClass" buttons="buttons"></ion-action-sheet>')(scope);
+
+    // Grab the sheet element for animation
+    var sheetEl = jqLite(element[0].querySelector('.action-sheet-wrapper'));
+
+    var stateChangeListenDone = scope.cancelOnStateChange ?
+      $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() { scope.cancel(); }) :
+      noop;
+
+    // removes the actionSheet from the screen
+    scope.removeSheet = function(done) {
+      if (scope.removed) return;
+
+      scope.removed = true;
+      sheetEl.removeClass('action-sheet-up');
+      $timeout(function() {
+        // wait to remove this due to a 300ms delay native
+        // click which would trigging whatever was underneath this
+        $ionicBody.removeClass('action-sheet-open');
+      }, 400);
+      scope.$deregisterBackButton();
+      stateChangeListenDone();
+
+      $animate.removeClass(element, 'active').then(function() {
+        scope.$destroy();
+        element.remove();
+        // scope.cancel.$scope is defined near the bottom
+        scope.cancel.$scope = sheetEl = null;
+        (done || noop)();
+      });
+    };
+
+    scope.showSheet = function(done) {
+      if (scope.removed) return;
+
+      $ionicBody.append(element)
+                .addClass('action-sheet-open');
+
+      $animate.addClass(element, 'active').then(function() {
+        if (scope.removed) return;
+        (done || noop)();
+      });
+      $timeout(function() {
+        if (scope.removed) return;
+        sheetEl.addClass('action-sheet-up');
+      }, 20, false);
+    };
+
+    // registerBackButtonAction returns a callback to deregister the action
+    scope.$deregisterBackButton = $ionicPlatform.registerBackButtonAction(
+      function() {
+        $timeout(scope.cancel);
+      },
+      IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY.actionSheet
+    );
+
+    // called when the user presses the cancel button
+    scope.cancel = function() {
+      // after the animation is out, call the cancel callback
+      scope.removeSheet(opts.cancel);
+    };
+
+    scope.buttonClicked = function(index) {
+      // Check if the button click event returned true, which means
+      // we can close the action sheet
+      if (opts.buttonClicked(index, opts.buttons[index]) === true) {
+        scope.removeSheet();
+      }
+    };
+
+    scope.destructiveButtonClicked = function() {
+      // Check if the destructive button click event returned true, which means
+      // we can close the action sheet
+      if (opts.destructiveButtonClicked() === true) {
+        scope.removeSheet();
+      }
+    };
+
+    scope.showSheet();
+
+    // Expose the scope on $ionicActionSheet's return value for the sake
+    // of testing it.
+    scope.cancel.$scope = scope;
+
+    return scope.cancel;
+  }
+}]);
+
+
+jqLite.prototype.addClass = function(cssClasses) {
+  var x, y, cssClass, el, splitClasses, existingClasses;
+  if (cssClasses && cssClasses != 'ng-scope' && cssClasses != 'ng-isolate-scope') {
+    for (x = 0; x < this.length; x++) {
+      el = this[x];
+      if (el.setAttribute) {
+
+        if (cssClasses.indexOf(' ') < 0 && el.classList.add) {
+          el.classList.add(cssClasses);
+        } else {
+          existingClasses = (' ' + (el.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");
+          splitClasses = cssClasses.split(' ');
+
+          for (y = 0; y < splitClasses.length; y++) {
+            cssClass = splitClasses[y].trim();
+            if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+              existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+            }
+          }
+          el.setAttribute('class', existingClasses.trim());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+jqLite.prototype.removeClass = function(cssClasses) {
+  var x, y, splitClasses, cssClass, el;
+  if (cssClasses) {
+    for (x = 0; x < this.length; x++) {
+      el = this[x];
+      if (el.getAttribute) {
+        if (cssClasses.indexOf(' ') < 0 && el.classList.remove) {
+          el.classList.remove(cssClasses);
+        } else {
+          splitClasses = cssClasses.split(' ');
+
+          for (y = 0; y < splitClasses.length; y++) {
+            cssClass = splitClasses[y];
+            el.setAttribute('class', (
+                (" " + (el.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
+                .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
+                .replace(" " + cssClass.trim() + " ", " ")).trim()
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicBackdrop
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * Shows and hides a backdrop over the UI.  Appears behind popups, loading,
+ * and other overlays.
+ *
+ * Often, multiple UI components require a backdrop, but only one backdrop is
+ * ever needed in the DOM at a time.
+ *
+ * Therefore, each component that requires the backdrop to be shown calls
+ * `$ionicBackdrop.retain()` when it wants the backdrop, then `$ionicBackdrop.release()`
+ * when it is done with the backdrop.
+ *
+ * For each time `retain` is called, the backdrop will be shown until `release` is called.
+ *
+ * For example, if `retain` is called three times, the backdrop will be shown until `release`
+ * is called three times.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * function MyController($scope, $ionicBackdrop, $timeout) {
+ *   //Show a backdrop for one second
+ *   $scope.action = function() {
+ *     $ionicBackdrop.retain();
+ *     $timeout(function() {
+ *       $ionicBackdrop.release();
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicBackdrop', [
+  '$document', '$timeout', '$$rAF',
+function($document, $timeout, $$rAF) {
+
+  var el = jqLite('<div class="backdrop">');
+  var backdropHolds = 0;
+
+  $document[0].body.appendChild(el[0]);
+
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBackdrop#retain
+     * @description Retains the backdrop.
+     */
+    retain: retain,
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBackdrop#release
+     * @description
+     * Releases the backdrop.
+     */
+    release: release,
+
+    getElement: getElement,
+
+    // exposed for testing
+    _element: el
+  };
+
+  function retain() {
+    backdropHolds++;
+    if (backdropHolds === 1) {
+      el.addClass('visible');
+      $$rAF(function() {
+        // If we're still at >0 backdropHolds after async...
+        if (backdropHolds >= 1) el.addClass('active');
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  function release() {
+    if (backdropHolds === 1) {
+      el.removeClass('active');
+      $timeout(function() {
+        // If we're still at 0 backdropHolds after async...
+        if (backdropHolds === 0) el.removeClass('visible');
+      }, 400, false);
+    }
+    backdropHolds = Math.max(0, backdropHolds - 1);
+  }
+
+  function getElement() {
+    return el;
+  }
+
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicBind', ['$parse', '$interpolate', function($parse, $interpolate) {
+  var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@=&])(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
+  return function(scope, attrs, bindDefinition) {
+    forEach(bindDefinition || {}, function(definition, scopeName) {
+      //Adapted from angular.js $compile
+      var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP) || [],
+        attrName = match[3] || scopeName,
+        mode = match[1], // @, =, or &
+        parentGet,
+        unwatch;
+
+      switch (mode) {
+        case '@':
+          if (!attrs[attrName]) {
+            return;
+          }
+          attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
+            scope[scopeName] = value;
+          });
+          // we trigger an interpolation to ensure
+          // the value is there for use immediately
+          if (attrs[attrName]) {
+            scope[scopeName] = $interpolate(attrs[attrName])(scope);
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case '=':
+          if (!attrs[attrName]) {
+            return;
+          }
+          unwatch = scope.$watch(attrs[attrName], function(value) {
+            scope[scopeName] = value;
+          });
+          //Destroy parent scope watcher when this scope is destroyed
+          scope.$on('$destroy', unwatch);
+          break;
+
+        case '&':
+          /* jshint -W044 */
+          if (attrs[attrName] && attrs[attrName].match(RegExp(scopeName + '\(.*?\)'))) {
+            throw new Error('& expression binding "' + scopeName + '" looks like it will recursively call "' +
+                          attrs[attrName] + '" and cause a stack overflow! Please choose a different scopeName.');
+          }
+          parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+          scope[scopeName] = function(locals) {
+            return parentGet(scope, locals);
+          };
+          break;
+      }
+    });
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicBody
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description An angular utility service to easily and efficiently
+ * add and remove CSS classes from the document's body element.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicBody', ['$document', function($document) {
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBody#add
+     * @description Add a class to the document's body element.
+     * @param {string} class Each argument will be added to the body element.
+     * @returns {$ionicBody} The $ionicBody service so methods can be chained.
+     */
+    addClass: function() {
+      for (var x = 0; x < arguments.length; x++) {
+        $document[0].body.classList.add(arguments[x]);
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBody#removeClass
+     * @description Remove a class from the document's body element.
+     * @param {string} class Each argument will be removed from the body element.
+     * @returns {$ionicBody} The $ionicBody service so methods can be chained.
+     */
+    removeClass: function() {
+      for (var x = 0; x < arguments.length; x++) {
+        $document[0].body.classList.remove(arguments[x]);
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBody#enableClass
+     * @description Similar to the `add` method, except the first parameter accepts a boolean
+     * value determining if the class should be added or removed. Rather than writing user code,
+     * such as "if true then add the class, else then remove the class", this method can be
+     * given a true or false value which reduces redundant code.
+     * @param {boolean} shouldEnableClass A true/false value if the class should be added or removed.
+     * @param {string} class Each remaining argument would be added or removed depending on
+     * the first argument.
+     * @returns {$ionicBody} The $ionicBody service so methods can be chained.
+     */
+    enableClass: function(shouldEnableClass) {
+      var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments).slice(1);
+      if (shouldEnableClass) {
+        this.addClass.apply(this, args);
+      } else {
+        this.removeClass.apply(this, args);
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBody#append
+     * @description Append a child to the document's body.
+     * @param {element} element The element to be appended to the body. The passed in element
+     * can be either a jqLite element, or a DOM element.
+     * @returns {$ionicBody} The $ionicBody service so methods can be chained.
+     */
+    append: function(ele) {
+      $document[0].body.appendChild(ele.length ? ele[0] : ele);
+      return this;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicBody#get
+     * @description Get the document's body element.
+     * @returns {element} Returns the document's body element.
+     */
+    get: function() {
+      return $document[0].body;
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicClickBlock', [
+  '$document',
+  '$ionicBody',
+  '$timeout',
+function($document, $ionicBody, $timeout) {
+  var CSS_HIDE = 'click-block-hide';
+  var cbEle, fallbackTimer, pendingShow;
+
+  function preventClick(ev) {
+    ev.preventDefault();
+    ev.stopPropagation();
+  }
+
+  function addClickBlock() {
+    if (pendingShow) {
+      if (cbEle) {
+        cbEle.classList.remove(CSS_HIDE);
+      } else {
+        cbEle = $document[0].createElement('div');
+        cbEle.className = 'click-block';
+        $ionicBody.append(cbEle);
+        cbEle.addEventListener('touchstart', preventClick);
+        cbEle.addEventListener('mousedown', preventClick);
+      }
+      pendingShow = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function removeClickBlock() {
+    cbEle && cbEle.classList.add(CSS_HIDE);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    show: function(autoExpire) {
+      pendingShow = true;
+      $timeout.cancel(fallbackTimer);
+      fallbackTimer = $timeout(this.hide, autoExpire || 310, false);
+      addClickBlock();
+    },
+    hide: function() {
+      pendingShow = false;
+      $timeout.cancel(fallbackTimer);
+      removeClickBlock();
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicGesture
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description An angular service exposing ionic
+ * {@link ionic.utility:ionic.EventController}'s gestures.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicGesture', [function() {
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicGesture#on
+     * @description Add an event listener for a gesture on an element. See {@link ionic.utility:ionic.EventController#onGesture}.
+     * @param {string} eventType The gesture event to listen for.
+     * @param {function(e)} callback The function to call when the gesture
+     * happens.
+     * @param {element} $element The angular element to listen for the event on.
+     * @param {object} options object.
+     * @returns {ionic.Gesture} The gesture object (use this to remove the gesture later on).
+     */
+    on: function(eventType, cb, $element, options) {
+      return window.ionic.onGesture(eventType, cb, $element[0], options);
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicGesture#off
+     * @description Remove an event listener for a gesture on an element. See {@link ionic.utility:ionic.EventController#offGesture}.
+     * @param {ionic.Gesture} gesture The gesture that should be removed.
+     * @param {string} eventType The gesture event to remove the listener for.
+     * @param {function(e)} callback The listener to remove.
+     */
+    off: function(gesture, eventType, cb) {
+      return window.ionic.offGesture(gesture, eventType, cb);
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicHistory
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * $ionicHistory keeps track of views as the user navigates through an app. Similar to the way a
+ * browser behaves, an Ionic app is able to keep track of the previous view, the current view, and
+ * the forward view (if there is one).  However, a typical web browser only keeps track of one
+ * history stack in a linear fashion.
+ *
+ * Unlike a traditional browser environment, apps and webapps have parallel independent histories,
+ * such as with tabs. Should a user navigate few pages deep on one tab, and then switch to a new
+ * tab and back, the back button relates not to the previous tab, but to the previous pages
+ * visited within _that_ tab.
+ *
+ * `$ionicHistory` facilitates this parallel history architecture.
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicHistory', [
+  '$rootScope',
+  '$state',
+  '$location',
+  '$window',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$ionicViewSwitcher',
+  '$ionicNavViewDelegate',
+function($rootScope, $state, $location, $window, $timeout, $ionicViewSwitcher, $ionicNavViewDelegate) {
+
+  // history actions while navigating views
+  var ACTION_INITIAL_VIEW = 'initialView';
+  var ACTION_NEW_VIEW = 'newView';
+  var ACTION_MOVE_BACK = 'moveBack';
+  var ACTION_MOVE_FORWARD = 'moveForward';
+
+  // direction of navigation
+  var DIRECTION_BACK = 'back';
+  var DIRECTION_FORWARD = 'forward';
+  var DIRECTION_ENTER = 'enter';
+  var DIRECTION_EXIT = 'exit';
+  var DIRECTION_SWAP = 'swap';
+  var DIRECTION_NONE = 'none';
+
+  var stateChangeCounter = 0;
+  var lastStateId, nextViewOptions, nextViewExpireTimer, forcedNav;
+
+  var viewHistory = {
+    histories: { root: { historyId: 'root', parentHistoryId: null, stack: [], cursor: -1 } },
+    views: {},
+    backView: null,
+    forwardView: null,
+    currentView: null
+  };
+
+  var View = function() {};
+  View.prototype.initialize = function(data) {
+    if (data) {
+      for (var name in data) this[name] = data[name];
+      return this;
+    }
+    return null;
+  };
+  View.prototype.go = function() {
+
+    if (this.stateName) {
+      return $state.go(this.stateName, this.stateParams);
+    }
+
+    if (this.url && this.url !== $location.url()) {
+
+      if (viewHistory.backView === this) {
+        return $window.history.go(-1);
+      } else if (viewHistory.forwardView === this) {
+        return $window.history.go(1);
+      }
+
+      $location.url(this.url);
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  };
+  View.prototype.destroy = function() {
+    if (this.scope) {
+      this.scope.$destroy && this.scope.$destroy();
+      this.scope = null;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  function getViewById(viewId) {
+    return (viewId ? viewHistory.views[ viewId ] : null);
+  }
+
+  function getBackView(view) {
+    return (view ? getViewById(view.backViewId) : null);
+  }
+
+  function getForwardView(view) {
+    return (view ? getViewById(view.forwardViewId) : null);
+  }
+
+  function getHistoryById(historyId) {
+    return (historyId ? viewHistory.histories[ historyId ] : null);
+  }
+
+  function getHistory(scope) {
+    var histObj = getParentHistoryObj(scope);
+
+    if (!viewHistory.histories[ histObj.historyId ]) {
+      // this history object exists in parent scope, but doesn't
+      // exist in the history data yet
+      viewHistory.histories[ histObj.historyId ] = {
+        historyId: histObj.historyId,
+        parentHistoryId: getParentHistoryObj(histObj.scope.$parent).historyId,
+        stack: [],
+        cursor: -1
+      };
+    }
+    return getHistoryById(histObj.historyId);
+  }
+
+  function getParentHistoryObj(scope) {
+    var parentScope = scope;
+    while (parentScope) {
+      if (parentScope.hasOwnProperty('$historyId')) {
+        // this parent scope has a historyId
+        return { historyId: parentScope.$historyId, scope: parentScope };
+      }
+      // nothing found keep climbing up
+      parentScope = parentScope.$parent;
+    }
+    // no history for the parent, use the root
+    return { historyId: 'root', scope: $rootScope };
+  }
+
+  function setNavViews(viewId) {
+    viewHistory.currentView = getViewById(viewId);
+    viewHistory.backView = getBackView(viewHistory.currentView);
+    viewHistory.forwardView = getForwardView(viewHistory.currentView);
+  }
+
+  function getCurrentStateId() {
+    var id;
+    if ($state && $state.current && $state.current.name) {
+      id = $state.current.name;
+      if ($state.params) {
+        for (var key in $state.params) {
+          if ($state.params.hasOwnProperty(key) && $state.params[key]) {
+            id += "_" + key + "=" + $state.params[key];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return id;
+    }
+    // if something goes wrong make sure its got a unique stateId
+    return ionic.Utils.nextUid();
+  }
+
+  function getCurrentStateParams() {
+    var rtn;
+    if ($state && $state.params) {
+      for (var key in $state.params) {
+        if ($state.params.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          rtn = rtn || {};
+          rtn[key] = $state.params[key];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return rtn;
+  }
+
+
+  return {
+
+    register: function(parentScope, viewLocals) {
+
+      var currentStateId = getCurrentStateId(),
+          hist = getHistory(parentScope),
+          currentView = viewHistory.currentView,
+          backView = viewHistory.backView,
+          forwardView = viewHistory.forwardView,
+          viewId = null,
+          action = null,
+          direction = DIRECTION_NONE,
+          historyId = hist.historyId,
+          url = $location.url(),
+          tmp, x, ele;
+
+      if (lastStateId !== currentStateId) {
+        lastStateId = currentStateId;
+        stateChangeCounter++;
+      }
+
+      if (forcedNav) {
+        // we've previously set exactly what to do
+        viewId = forcedNav.viewId;
+        action = forcedNav.action;
+        direction = forcedNav.direction;
+        forcedNav = null;
+
+      } else if (backView && backView.stateId === currentStateId) {
+        // they went back one, set the old current view as a forward view
+        viewId = backView.viewId;
+        historyId = backView.historyId;
+        action = ACTION_MOVE_BACK;
+        if (backView.historyId === currentView.historyId) {
+          // went back in the same history
+          direction = DIRECTION_BACK;
+
+        } else if (currentView) {
+          direction = DIRECTION_EXIT;
+
+          tmp = getHistoryById(backView.historyId);
+          if (tmp && tmp.parentHistoryId === currentView.historyId) {
+            direction = DIRECTION_ENTER;
+
+          } else {
+            tmp = getHistoryById(currentView.historyId);
+            if (tmp && tmp.parentHistoryId === hist.parentHistoryId) {
+              direction = DIRECTION_SWAP;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else if (forwardView && forwardView.stateId === currentStateId) {
+        // they went to the forward one, set the forward view to no longer a forward view
+        viewId = forwardView.viewId;
+        historyId = forwardView.historyId;
+        action = ACTION_MOVE_FORWARD;
+        if (forwardView.historyId === currentView.historyId) {
+          direction = DIRECTION_FORWARD;
+
+        } else if (currentView) {
+          direction = DIRECTION_EXIT;
+
+          if (currentView.historyId === hist.parentHistoryId) {
+            direction = DIRECTION_ENTER;
+
+          } else {
+            tmp = getHistoryById(currentView.historyId);
+            if (tmp && tmp.parentHistoryId === hist.parentHistoryId) {
+              direction = DIRECTION_SWAP;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        tmp = getParentHistoryObj(parentScope);
+        if (forwardView.historyId && tmp.scope) {
+          // if a history has already been created by the forward view then make sure it stays the same
+          tmp.scope.$historyId = forwardView.historyId;
+          historyId = forwardView.historyId;
+        }
+
+      } else if (currentView && currentView.historyId !== historyId &&
+                hist.cursor > -1 && hist.stack.length > 0 && hist.cursor < hist.stack.length &&
+                hist.stack[hist.cursor].stateId === currentStateId) {
+        // they just changed to a different history and the history already has views in it
+        var switchToView = hist.stack[hist.cursor];
+        viewId = switchToView.viewId;
+        historyId = switchToView.historyId;
+        action = ACTION_MOVE_BACK;
+        direction = DIRECTION_SWAP;
+
+        tmp = getHistoryById(currentView.historyId);
+        if (tmp && tmp.parentHistoryId === historyId) {
+          direction = DIRECTION_EXIT;
+
+        } else {
+          tmp = getHistoryById(historyId);
+          if (tmp && tmp.parentHistoryId === currentView.historyId) {
+            direction = DIRECTION_ENTER;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // if switching to a different history, and the history of the view we're switching
+        // to has an existing back view from a different history than itself, then
+        // it's back view would be better represented using the current view as its back view
+        tmp = getViewById(switchToView.backViewId);
+        if (tmp && switchToView.historyId !== tmp.historyId) {
+          hist.stack[hist.cursor].backViewId = currentView.viewId;
+        }
+
+      } else {
+
+        // create an element from the viewLocals template
+        ele = $ionicViewSwitcher.createViewEle(viewLocals);
+        if (this.isAbstractEle(ele, viewLocals)) {
+          void 0;
+          return {
+            action: 'abstractView',
+            direction: DIRECTION_NONE,
+            ele: ele
+          };
+        }
+
+        // set a new unique viewId
+        viewId = ionic.Utils.nextUid();
+
+        if (currentView) {
+          // set the forward view if there is a current view (ie: if its not the first view)
+          currentView.forwardViewId = viewId;
+
+          action = ACTION_NEW_VIEW;
+
+          // check if there is a new forward view within the same history
+          if (forwardView && currentView.stateId !== forwardView.stateId &&
+             currentView.historyId === forwardView.historyId) {
+            // they navigated to a new view but the stack already has a forward view
+            // since its a new view remove any forwards that existed
+            tmp = getHistoryById(forwardView.historyId);
+            if (tmp) {
+              // the forward has a history
+              for (x = tmp.stack.length - 1; x >= forwardView.index; x--) {
+                // starting from the end destroy all forwards in this history from this point
+                var stackItem = tmp.stack[x];
+                stackItem && stackItem.destroy && stackItem.destroy();
+                tmp.stack.splice(x);
+              }
+              historyId = forwardView.historyId;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // its only moving forward if its in the same history
+          if (hist.historyId === currentView.historyId) {
+            direction = DIRECTION_FORWARD;
+
+          } else if (currentView.historyId !== hist.historyId) {
+            direction = DIRECTION_ENTER;
+
+            tmp = getHistoryById(currentView.historyId);
+            if (tmp && tmp.parentHistoryId === hist.parentHistoryId) {
+              direction = DIRECTION_SWAP;
+
+            } else {
+              tmp = getHistoryById(tmp.parentHistoryId);
+              if (tmp && tmp.historyId === hist.historyId) {
+                direction = DIRECTION_EXIT;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+        } else {
+          // there's no current view, so this must be the initial view
+          action = ACTION_INITIAL_VIEW;
+        }
+
+        if (stateChangeCounter < 2) {
+          // views that were spun up on the first load should not animate
+          direction = DIRECTION_NONE;
+        }
+
+        // add the new view
+        viewHistory.views[viewId] = this.createView({
+          viewId: viewId,
+          index: hist.stack.length,
+          historyId: hist.historyId,
+          backViewId: (currentView && currentView.viewId ? currentView.viewId : null),
+          forwardViewId: null,
+          stateId: currentStateId,
+          stateName: this.currentStateName(),
+          stateParams: getCurrentStateParams(),
+          url: url,
+          canSwipeBack: canSwipeBack(ele, viewLocals)
+        });
+
+        // add the new view to this history's stack
+        hist.stack.push(viewHistory.views[viewId]);
+      }
+
+      $timeout.cancel(nextViewExpireTimer);
+      if (nextViewOptions) {
+        if (nextViewOptions.disableAnimate) direction = DIRECTION_NONE;
+        if (nextViewOptions.disableBack) viewHistory.views[viewId].backViewId = null;
+        if (nextViewOptions.historyRoot) {
+          for (x = 0; x < hist.stack.length; x++) {
+            if (hist.stack[x].viewId === viewId) {
+              hist.stack[x].index = 0;
+              hist.stack[x].backViewId = hist.stack[x].forwardViewId = null;
+            } else {
+              delete viewHistory.views[hist.stack[x].viewId];
+            }
+          }
+          hist.stack = [viewHistory.views[viewId]];
+        }
+        nextViewOptions = null;
+      }
+
+      setNavViews(viewId);
+
+      if (viewHistory.backView && historyId == viewHistory.backView.historyId && currentStateId == viewHistory.backView.stateId && url == viewHistory.backView.url) {
+        for (x = 0; x < hist.stack.length; x++) {
+          if (hist.stack[x].viewId == viewId) {
+            action = 'dupNav';
+            direction = DIRECTION_NONE;
+            if (x > 0) {
+              hist.stack[x - 1].forwardViewId = null;
+            }
+            viewHistory.forwardView = null;
+            viewHistory.currentView.index = viewHistory.backView.index;
+            viewHistory.currentView.backViewId = viewHistory.backView.backViewId;
+            viewHistory.backView = getBackView(viewHistory.backView);
+            hist.stack.splice(x, 1);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      void 0;
+
+      hist.cursor = viewHistory.currentView.index;
+
+      return {
+        viewId: viewId,
+        action: action,
+        direction: direction,
+        historyId: historyId,
+        enableBack: this.enabledBack(viewHistory.currentView),
+        isHistoryRoot: (viewHistory.currentView.index === 0),
+        ele: ele
+      };
+    },
+
+    registerHistory: function(scope) {
+      scope.$historyId = ionic.Utils.nextUid();
+    },
+
+    createView: function(data) {
+      var newView = new View();
+      return newView.initialize(data);
+    },
+
+    getViewById: getViewById,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#viewHistory
+     * @description The app's view history data, such as all the views and histories, along
+     * with how they are ordered and linked together within the navigation stack.
+     * @returns {object} Returns an object containing the apps view history data.
+     */
+    viewHistory: function() {
+      return viewHistory;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#currentView
+     * @description The app's current view.
+     * @returns {object} Returns the current view.
+     */
+    currentView: function(view) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        viewHistory.currentView = view;
+      }
+      return viewHistory.currentView;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#currentHistoryId
+     * @description The ID of the history stack which is the parent container of the current view.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the current history ID.
+     */
+    currentHistoryId: function() {
+      return viewHistory.currentView ? viewHistory.currentView.historyId : null;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#currentTitle
+     * @description Gets and sets the current view's title.
+     * @param {string=} val The title to update the current view with.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the current view's title.
+     */
+    currentTitle: function(val) {
+      if (viewHistory.currentView) {
+        if (arguments.length) {
+          viewHistory.currentView.title = val;
+        }
+        return viewHistory.currentView.title;
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#backView
+     * @description Returns the view that was before the current view in the history stack.
+     * If the user navigated from View A to View B, then View A would be the back view, and
+     * View B would be the current view.
+     * @returns {object} Returns the back view.
+     */
+    backView: function(view) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        viewHistory.backView = view;
+      }
+      return viewHistory.backView;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#backTitle
+     * @description Gets the back view's title.
+     * @returns {string} Returns the back view's title.
+     */
+    backTitle: function(view) {
+      var backView = (view && getViewById(view.backViewId)) || viewHistory.backView;
+      return backView && backView.title;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#forwardView
+     * @description Returns the view that was in front of the current view in the history stack.
+     * A forward view would exist if the user navigated from View A to View B, then
+     * navigated back to View A. At this point then View B would be the forward view, and View
+     * A would be the current view.
+     * @returns {object} Returns the forward view.
+     */
+    forwardView: function(view) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        viewHistory.forwardView = view;
+      }
+      return viewHistory.forwardView;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#currentStateName
+     * @description Returns the current state name.
+     * @returns {string}
+     */
+    currentStateName: function() {
+      return ($state && $state.current ? $state.current.name : null);
+    },
+
+    isCurrentStateNavView: function(navView) {
+      return !!($state && $state.current && $state.current.views && $state.current.views[navView]);
+    },
+
+    goToHistoryRoot: function(historyId) {
+      if (historyId) {
+        var hist = getHistoryById(historyId);
+        if (hist && hist.stack.length) {
+          if (viewHistory.currentView && viewHistory.currentView.viewId === hist.stack[0].viewId) {
+            return;
+          }
+          forcedNav = {
+            viewId: hist.stack[0].viewId,
+            action: ACTION_MOVE_BACK,
+            direction: DIRECTION_BACK
+          };
+          hist.stack[0].go();
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#goBack
+     * @description Navigates the app to the back view, if a back view exists.
+     */
+    goBack: function() {
+      viewHistory.backView && viewHistory.backView.go();
+    },
+
+
+    enabledBack: function(view) {
+      var backView = getBackView(view);
+      return !!(backView && backView.historyId === view.historyId);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#clearHistory
+     * @description Clears out the app's entire history, except for the current view.
+     */
+    clearHistory: function() {
+      var
+      histories = viewHistory.histories,
+      currentView = viewHistory.currentView;
+
+      if (histories) {
+        for (var historyId in histories) {
+
+          if (histories[historyId].stack) {
+            histories[historyId].stack = [];
+            histories[historyId].cursor = -1;
+          }
+
+          if (currentView && currentView.historyId === historyId) {
+            currentView.backViewId = currentView.forwardViewId = null;
+            histories[historyId].stack.push(currentView);
+          } else if (histories[historyId].destroy) {
+            histories[historyId].destroy();
+          }
+
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (var viewId in viewHistory.views) {
+        if (viewId !== currentView.viewId) {
+          delete viewHistory.views[viewId];
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (currentView) {
+        setNavViews(currentView.viewId);
+      }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#clearCache
+     * @description Removes all cached views within every {@link ionic.directive:ionNavView}.
+     * This both removes the view element from the DOM, and destroy it's scope.
+     */
+    clearCache: function() {
+      $timeout(function() {
+        $ionicNavViewDelegate._instances.forEach(function(instance) {
+          instance.clearCache();
+        });
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicHistory#nextViewOptions
+     * @description Sets options for the next view. This method can be useful to override
+     * certain view/transition defaults right before a view transition happens. For example,
+     * the {@link ionic.directive:menuClose} directive uses this method internally to ensure
+     * an animated view transition does not happen when a side menu is open, and also sets
+     * the next view as the root of its history stack. After the transition these options
+     * are set back to null.
+     *
+     * Available options:
+     *
+     * * `disableAnimate`: Do not animate the next transition.
+     * * `disableBack`: The next view should forget its back view, and set it to null.
+     * * `historyRoot`: The next view should become the root view in its history stack.
+     *
+     * ```js
+     * $ionicHistory.nextViewOptions({
+     *   disableAnimate: true,
+     *   disableBack: true
+     * });
+     * ```
+     */
+    nextViewOptions: function(opts) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        $timeout.cancel(nextViewExpireTimer);
+        if (opts === null) {
+          nextViewOptions = opts;
+        } else {
+          nextViewOptions = nextViewOptions || {};
+          extend(nextViewOptions, opts);
+          if (nextViewOptions.expire) {
+            nextViewExpireTimer = $timeout(function() {
+              nextViewOptions = null;
+            }, nextViewOptions.expire);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return nextViewOptions;
+    },
+
+    isAbstractEle: function(ele, viewLocals) {
+      if (viewLocals && viewLocals.$$state && viewLocals.$$state.self['abstract']) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      return !!(ele && (isAbstractTag(ele) || isAbstractTag(ele.children())));
+    },
+
+    isActiveScope: function(scope) {
+      if (!scope) return false;
+
+      var climbScope = scope;
+      var currentHistoryId = this.currentHistoryId();
+      var foundHistoryId;
+
+      while (climbScope) {
+        if (climbScope.$$disconnected) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!foundHistoryId && climbScope.hasOwnProperty('$historyId')) {
+          foundHistoryId = true;
+        }
+
+        if (currentHistoryId) {
+          if (climbScope.hasOwnProperty('$historyId') && currentHistoryId == climbScope.$historyId) {
+            return true;
+          }
+          if (climbScope.hasOwnProperty('$activeHistoryId')) {
+            if (currentHistoryId == climbScope.$activeHistoryId) {
+              if (climbScope.hasOwnProperty('$historyId')) {
+                return true;
+              }
+              if (!foundHistoryId) {
+                return true;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (foundHistoryId && climbScope.hasOwnProperty('$activeHistoryId')) {
+          foundHistoryId = false;
+        }
+
+        climbScope = climbScope.$parent;
+      }
+
+      return currentHistoryId ? currentHistoryId == 'root' : true;
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  function isAbstractTag(ele) {
+    return ele && ele.length && /ion-side-menus|ion-tabs/i.test(ele[0].tagName);
+  }
+
+  function canSwipeBack(ele, viewLocals) {
+    if (viewLocals && viewLocals.$$state && viewLocals.$$state.self.canSwipeBack === false) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (ele && ele.attr('can-swipe-back') === 'false') {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+}])
+
+.run([
+  '$rootScope',
+  '$state',
+  '$location',
+  '$document',
+  '$ionicPlatform',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+  'IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY',
+function($rootScope, $state, $location, $document, $ionicPlatform, $ionicHistory, IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY) {
+
+  // always reset the keyboard state when change stage
+  $rootScope.$on('$ionicView.beforeEnter', function() {
+    ionic.keyboard && ionic.keyboard.hide && ionic.keyboard.hide();
+  });
+
+  $rootScope.$on('$ionicHistory.change', function(e, data) {
+    if (!data) return null;
+
+    var viewHistory = $ionicHistory.viewHistory();
+
+    var hist = (data.historyId ? viewHistory.histories[ data.historyId ] : null);
+    if (hist && hist.cursor > -1 && hist.cursor < hist.stack.length) {
+      // the history they're going to already exists
+      // go to it's last view in its stack
+      var view = hist.stack[ hist.cursor ];
+      return view.go(data);
+    }
+
+    // this history does not have a URL, but it does have a uiSref
+    // figure out its URL from the uiSref
+    if (!data.url && data.uiSref) {
+      data.url = $state.href(data.uiSref);
+    }
+
+    if (data.url) {
+      // don't let it start with a #, messes with $location.url()
+      if (data.url.indexOf('#') === 0) {
+        data.url = data.url.replace('#', '');
+      }
+      if (data.url !== $location.url()) {
+        // we've got a good URL, ready GO!
+        $location.url(data.url);
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  $rootScope.$ionicGoBack = function() {
+    $ionicHistory.goBack();
+  };
+
+  // Set the document title when a new view is shown
+  $rootScope.$on('$ionicView.afterEnter', function(ev, data) {
+    if (data && data.title) {
+      $document[0].title = data.title;
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Triggered when devices with a hardware back button (Android) is clicked by the user
+  // This is a Cordova/Phonegap platform specifc method
+  function onHardwareBackButton(e) {
+    var backView = $ionicHistory.backView();
+    if (backView) {
+      // there is a back view, go to it
+      backView.go();
+    } else {
+      // there is no back view, so close the app instead
+      ionic.Platform.exitApp();
+    }
+    e.preventDefault();
+    return false;
+  }
+  $ionicPlatform.registerBackButtonAction(
+    onHardwareBackButton,
+    IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY.view
+  );
+
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc provider
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * Ionic automatically takes platform configurations into account to adjust things like what
+ * transition style to use and whether tab icons should show on the top or bottom. For example,
+ * iOS will move forward by transitioning the entering view from right to center and the leaving
+ * view from center to left. However, Android will transition with the entering view going from
+ * bottom to center, covering the previous view, which remains stationary. It should be noted
+ * that when a platform is not iOS or Android, then it'll default to iOS. So if you are
+ * developing on a desktop browser, it's going to take on iOS default configs.
+ *
+ * These configs can be changed using the `$ionicConfigProvider` during the configuration phase
+ * of your app. Additionally, `$ionicConfig` can also set and get config values during the run
+ * phase and within the app itself.
+ *
+ * By default, all base config variables are set to `'platform'`, which means it'll take on the
+ * default config of the platform on which it's running. Config variables can be set at this
+ * level so all platforms follow the same setting, rather than its platform config.
+ * The following code would set the same config variable for all platforms:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $ionicConfigProvider.views.maxCache(10);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Additionally, each platform can have it's own config within the `$ionicConfigProvider.platform`
+ * property. The config below would only apply to Android devices.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $ionicConfigProvider.platform.android.views.maxCache(5);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```js
+ * var myApp = angular.module('reallyCoolApp', ['ionic']);
+ *
+ * myApp.config(function($ionicConfigProvider) {
+ *   $ionicConfigProvider.views.maxCache(5);
+ *
+ *   // note that you can also chain configs
+ *   $ionicConfigProvider.backButton.text('Go Back').icon('ion-chevron-left');
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#views.transition
+ * @description Animation style when transitioning between views. Default `platform`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} transition Which style of view transitioning to use.
+ *
+ * * `platform`: Dynamically choose the correct transition style depending on the platform
+ * the app is running from. If the platform is not `ios` or `android` then it will default
+ * to `ios`.
+ * * `ios`: iOS style transition.
+ * * `android`: Android style transition.
+ * * `none`: Do not perform animated transitions.
+ *
+ * @returns {string} value
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#views.maxCache
+ * @description  Maximum number of view elements to cache in the DOM. When the max number is
+ * exceeded, the view with the longest time period since it was accessed is removed. Views that
+ * stay in the DOM cache the view's scope, current state, and scroll position. The scope is
+ * disconnected from the `$watch` cycle when it is cached and reconnected when it enters again.
+ * When the maximum cache is `0`, the leaving view's element will be removed from the DOM after
+ * each view transition, and the next time the same view is shown, it will have to re-compile,
+ * attach to the DOM, and link the element again. This disables caching, in effect.
+ * @param {number} maxNumber Maximum number of views to retain. Default `10`.
+ * @returns {number} How many views Ionic will hold onto until the a view is removed.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#views.forwardCache
+ * @description  By default, when navigating, views that were recently visited are cached, and
+ * the same instance data and DOM elements are referenced when navigating back. However, when
+ * navigating back in the history, the "forward" views are removed from the cache. If you
+ * navigate forward to the same view again, it'll create a new DOM element and controller
+ * instance. Basically, any forward views are reset each time. Set this config to `true` to have
+ * forward views cached and not reset on each load.
+ * @param {boolean} value
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#backButton.icon
+ * @description Back button icon.
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#backButton.text
+ * @description Back button text.
+ * @param {string} value Defaults to `Back`.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#backButton.previousTitleText
+ * @description If the previous title text should become the back button text. This
+ * is the default for iOS.
+ * @param {boolean} value
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#form.checkbox
+ * @description Checkbox style. Android defaults to `square` and iOS defaults to `circle`.
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#form.toggle
+ * @description Toggle item style. Android defaults to `small` and iOS defaults to `large`.
+ * @param {string} value
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#tabs.style
+ * @description Tab style. Android defaults to `striped` and iOS defaults to `standard`.
+ * @param {string} value Available values include `striped` and `standard`.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#tabs.position
+ * @description Tab position. Android defaults to `top` and iOS defaults to `bottom`.
+ * @param {string} value Available values include `top` and `bottom`.
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#templates.maxPrefetch
+ * @description Sets the maximum number of templates to prefetch from the templateUrls defined in
+ * $stateProvider.state. If set to `0`, the user will have to wait
+ * for a template to be fetched the first time when navigating to a new page. Default `30`.
+ * @param {integer} value Max number of template to prefetch from the templateUrls defined in
+ * `$stateProvider.state()`.
+ * @returns {integer}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#navBar.alignTitle
+ * @description Which side of the navBar to align the title. Default `center`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} value side of the navBar to align the title.
+ *
+ * * `platform`: Dynamically choose the correct title style depending on the platform
+ * the app is running from. If the platform is `ios`, it will default to `center`.
+ * If the platform is `android`, it will default to `left`. If the platform is not
+ * `ios` or `android`, it will default to `center`.
+ *
+ * * `left`: Left align the title in the navBar
+ * * `center`: Center align the title in the navBar
+ * * `right`: Right align the title in the navBar.
+ *
+ * @returns {string} value
+ */
+
+/**
+  * @ngdoc method
+  * @name $ionicConfigProvider#navBar.positionPrimaryButtons
+  * @description Which side of the navBar to align the primary navBar buttons. Default `left`.
+  *
+  * @param {string} value side of the navBar to align the primary navBar buttons.
+  *
+  * * `platform`: Dynamically choose the correct title style depending on the platform
+  * the app is running from. If the platform is `ios`, it will default to `left`.
+  * If the platform is `android`, it will default to `right`. If the platform is not
+  * `ios` or `android`, it will default to `left`.
+  *
+  * * `left`: Left align the primary navBar buttons in the navBar
+  * * `right`: Right align the primary navBar buttons in the navBar.
+  *
+  * @returns {string} value
+  */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name $ionicConfigProvider#navBar.positionSecondaryButtons
+ * @description Which side of the navBar to align the secondary navBar buttons. Default `right`.
+ *
+ * @param {string} value side of the navBar to align the secondary navBar buttons.
+ *
+ * * `platform`: Dynamically choose the correct title style depending on the platform
+ * the app is running from. If the platform is `ios`, it will default to `right`.
+ * If the platform is `android`, it will default to `right`. If the platform is not
+ * `ios` or `android`, it will default to `right`.
+ *
+ * * `left`: Left align the secondary navBar buttons in the navBar
+ * * `right`: Right align the secondary navBar buttons in the navBar.
+ *
+ * @returns {string} value
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.provider('$ionicConfig', function() {
+
+  var provider = this;
+  provider.platform = {};
+  var PLATFORM = 'platform';
+
+  var configProperties = {
+    views: {
+      maxCache: PLATFORM,
+      forwardCache: PLATFORM,
+      transition: PLATFORM,
+      swipeBackEnabled: PLATFORM,
+      swipeBackHitWidth: PLATFORM
+    },
+    navBar: {
+      alignTitle: PLATFORM,
+      positionPrimaryButtons: PLATFORM,
+      positionSecondaryButtons: PLATFORM,
+      transition: PLATFORM
+    },
+    backButton: {
+      icon: PLATFORM,
+      text: PLATFORM,
+      previousTitleText: PLATFORM
+    },
+    form: {
+      checkbox: PLATFORM,
+      toggle: PLATFORM
+    },
+    scrolling: {
+      jsScrolling: PLATFORM
+    },
+    tabs: {
+      style: PLATFORM,
+      position: PLATFORM
+    },
+    templates: {
+      maxPrefetch: PLATFORM
+    },
+    platform: {}
+  };
+  createConfig(configProperties, provider, '');
+
+
+
+  // Default
+  // -------------------------
+  setPlatformConfig('default', {
+
+    views: {
+      maxCache: 10,
+      forwardCache: false,
+      transition: 'ios',
+      swipeBackEnabled: true,
+      swipeBackHitWidth: 45
+    },
+
+    navBar: {
+      alignTitle: 'center',
+      positionPrimaryButtons: 'left',
+      positionSecondaryButtons: 'right',
+      transition: 'view'
+    },
+
+    backButton: {
+      icon: 'ion-ios-arrow-back',
+      text: 'Back',
+      previousTitleText: true
+    },
+
+    form: {
+      checkbox: 'circle',
+      toggle: 'large'
+    },
+
+    scrolling: {
+      jsScrolling: true
+    },
+
+    tabs: {
+      style: 'standard',
+      position: 'bottom'
+    },
+
+    templates: {
+      maxPrefetch: 30
+    }
+
+  });
+
+
+
+  // iOS (it is the default already)
+  // -------------------------
+  setPlatformConfig('ios', {});
+
+
+
+  // Android
+  // -------------------------
+  setPlatformConfig('android', {
+
+    views: {
+      transition: 'android',
+      swipeBackEnabled: false
+    },
+
+    navBar: {
+      alignTitle: 'left',
+      positionPrimaryButtons: 'right',
+      positionSecondaryButtons: 'right'
+    },
+
+    backButton: {
+      icon: 'ion-android-arrow-back',
+      text: false,
+      previousTitleText: false
+    },
+
+    form: {
+      checkbox: 'square',
+      toggle: 'small'
+    },
+
+    tabs: {
+      style: 'striped',
+      position: 'top'
+    }
+
+  });
+
+
+  provider.transitions = {
+    views: {},
+    navBar: {}
+  };
+
+
+  // iOS Transitions
+  // -----------------------
+  provider.transitions.views.ios = function(enteringEle, leavingEle, direction, shouldAnimate) {
+
+    function setStyles(ele, opacity, x, boxShadowOpacity) {
+      var css = {};
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION_DURATION] = d.shouldAnimate ? '' : 0;
+      css.opacity = opacity;
+      if (boxShadowOpacity > -1) {
+        css.boxShadow = '0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,' + (d.shouldAnimate ? boxShadowOpacity * 0.45 : 0.3) + ')';
+      }
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + x + '%,0,0)';
+      ionic.DomUtil.cachedStyles(ele, css);
+    }
+
+    var d = {
+      run: function(step) {
+        if (direction == 'forward') {
+          setStyles(enteringEle, 1, (1 - step) * 99, 1 - step); // starting at 98% prevents a flicker
+          setStyles(leavingEle, (1 - 0.1 * step), step * -33, -1);
+
+        } else if (direction == 'back') {
+          setStyles(enteringEle, (1 - 0.1 * (1 - step)), (1 - step) * -33, -1);
+          setStyles(leavingEle, 1, step * 100, 1 - step);
+
+        } else {
+          // swap, enter, exit
+          setStyles(enteringEle, 1, 0, -1);
+          setStyles(leavingEle, 0, 0, -1);
+        }
+      },
+      shouldAnimate: shouldAnimate && (direction == 'forward' || direction == 'back')
+    };
+
+    return d;
+  };
+
+  provider.transitions.navBar.ios = function(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, direction, shouldAnimate) {
+
+    function setStyles(ctrl, opacity, titleX, backTextX) {
+      var css = {};
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION_DURATION] = d.shouldAnimate ? '' : 0;
+      css.opacity = opacity === 1 ? '' : opacity;
+
+      ctrl.setCss('buttons-left', css);
+      ctrl.setCss('buttons-right', css);
+      ctrl.setCss('back-button', css);
+
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + backTextX + 'px,0,0)';
+      ctrl.setCss('back-text', css);
+
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + titleX + 'px,0,0)';
+      ctrl.setCss('title', css);
+    }
+
+    function enter(ctrlA, ctrlB, step) {
+      if (!ctrlA || !ctrlB) return;
+      var titleX = (ctrlA.titleTextX() + ctrlA.titleWidth()) * (1 - step);
+      var backTextX = (ctrlB && (ctrlB.titleTextX() - ctrlA.backButtonTextLeft()) * (1 - step)) || 0;
+      setStyles(ctrlA, step, titleX, backTextX);
+    }
+
+    function leave(ctrlA, ctrlB, step) {
+      if (!ctrlA || !ctrlB) return;
+      var titleX = (-(ctrlA.titleTextX() - ctrlB.backButtonTextLeft()) - (ctrlA.titleLeftRight())) * step;
+      setStyles(ctrlA, 1 - step, titleX, 0);
+    }
+
+    var d = {
+      run: function(step) {
+        var enteringHeaderCtrl = enteringHeaderBar.controller();
+        var leavingHeaderCtrl = leavingHeaderBar && leavingHeaderBar.controller();
+        if (d.direction == 'back') {
+          leave(enteringHeaderCtrl, leavingHeaderCtrl, 1 - step);
+          enter(leavingHeaderCtrl, enteringHeaderCtrl, 1 - step);
+        } else {
+          enter(enteringHeaderCtrl, leavingHeaderCtrl, step);
+          leave(leavingHeaderCtrl, enteringHeaderCtrl, step);
+        }
+      },
+      direction: direction,
+      shouldAnimate: shouldAnimate && (direction == 'forward' || direction == 'back')
+    };
+
+    return d;
+  };
+
+
+  // Android Transitions
+  // -----------------------
+
+  provider.transitions.views.android = function(enteringEle, leavingEle, direction, shouldAnimate) {
+    shouldAnimate = shouldAnimate && (direction == 'forward' || direction == 'back');
+
+    function setStyles(ele, x) {
+      var css = {};
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION_DURATION] = d.shouldAnimate ? '' : 0;
+      css[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + x + '%,0,0)';
+      ionic.DomUtil.cachedStyles(ele, css);
+    }
+
+    var d = {
+      run: function(step) {
+        if (direction == 'forward') {
+          setStyles(enteringEle, (1 - step) * 99); // starting at 98% prevents a flicker
+          setStyles(leavingEle, step * -100);
+
+        } else if (direction == 'back') {
+          setStyles(enteringEle, (1 - step) * -100);
+          setStyles(leavingEle, step * 100);
+
+        } else {
+          // swap, enter, exit
+          setStyles(enteringEle, 0);
+          setStyles(leavingEle, 0);
+        }
+      },
+      shouldAnimate: shouldAnimate
+    };
+
+    return d;
+  };
+
+  provider.transitions.navBar.android = function(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, direction, shouldAnimate) {
+
+    function setStyles(ctrl, opacity) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+      var css = {};
+      css.opacity = opacity === 1 ? '' : opacity;
+
+      ctrl.setCss('buttons-left', css);
+      ctrl.setCss('buttons-right', css);
+      ctrl.setCss('back-button', css);
+      ctrl.setCss('back-text', css);
+      ctrl.setCss('title', css);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      run: function(step) {
+        setStyles(enteringHeaderBar.controller(), step);
+        setStyles(leavingHeaderBar && leavingHeaderBar.controller(), 1 - step);
+      },
+      shouldAnimate: shouldAnimate && (direction == 'forward' || direction == 'back')
+    };
+  };
+
+
+  // No Transition
+  // -----------------------
+
+  provider.transitions.views.none = function(enteringEle, leavingEle) {
+    return {
+      run: function(step) {
+        provider.transitions.views.android(enteringEle, leavingEle, false, false).run(step);
+      },
+      shouldAnimate: false
+    };
+  };
+
+  provider.transitions.navBar.none = function(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar) {
+    return {
+      run: function(step) {
+        provider.transitions.navBar.ios(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, false, false).run(step);
+        provider.transitions.navBar.android(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, false, false).run(step);
+      },
+      shouldAnimate: false
+    };
+  };
+
+
+  // private: used to set platform configs
+  function setPlatformConfig(platformName, platformConfigs) {
+    configProperties.platform[platformName] = platformConfigs;
+    provider.platform[platformName] = {};
+
+    addConfig(configProperties, configProperties.platform[platformName]);
+
+    createConfig(configProperties.platform[platformName], provider.platform[platformName], '');
+  }
+
+
+  // private: used to recursively add new platform configs
+  function addConfig(configObj, platformObj) {
+    for (var n in configObj) {
+      if (n != PLATFORM && configObj.hasOwnProperty(n)) {
+        if (angular.isObject(configObj[n])) {
+          if (!isDefined(platformObj[n])) {
+            platformObj[n] = {};
+          }
+          addConfig(configObj[n], platformObj[n]);
+
+        } else if (!isDefined(platformObj[n])) {
+          platformObj[n] = null;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // private: create methods for each config to get/set
+  function createConfig(configObj, providerObj, platformPath) {
+    forEach(configObj, function(value, namespace) {
+
+      if (angular.isObject(configObj[namespace])) {
+        // recursively drill down the config object so we can create a method for each one
+        providerObj[namespace] = {};
+        createConfig(configObj[namespace], providerObj[namespace], platformPath + '.' + namespace);
+
+      } else {
+        // create a method for the provider/config methods that will be exposed
+        providerObj[namespace] = function(newValue) {
+          if (arguments.length) {
+            configObj[namespace] = newValue;
+            return providerObj;
+          }
+          if (configObj[namespace] == PLATFORM) {
+            // if the config is set to 'platform', then get this config's platform value
+            var platformConfig = stringObj(configProperties.platform, ionic.Platform.platform() + platformPath + '.' + namespace);
+            if (platformConfig || platformConfig === false) {
+              return platformConfig;
+            }
+            // didnt find a specific platform config, now try the default
+            return stringObj(configProperties.platform, 'default' + platformPath + '.' + namespace);
+          }
+          return configObj[namespace];
+        };
+      }
+
+    });
+  }
+
+  function stringObj(obj, str) {
+    str = str.split(".");
+    for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
+      if (obj && isDefined(obj[str[i]])) {
+        obj = obj[str[i]];
+      } else {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  }
+
+  provider.setPlatformConfig = setPlatformConfig;
+
+
+  // private: Service definition for internal Ionic use
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc service
+   * @name $ionicConfig
+   * @module ionic
+   * @private
+   */
+  provider.$get = function() {
+    return provider;
+  };
+});
+
+
+var LOADING_TPL =
+  '<div class="loading-container">' +
+    '<div class="loading">' +
+    '</div>' +
+  '</div>';
+
+var LOADING_HIDE_DEPRECATED = '$ionicLoading instance.hide() has been deprecated. Use $ionicLoading.hide().';
+var LOADING_SHOW_DEPRECATED = '$ionicLoading instance.show() has been deprecated. Use $ionicLoading.show().';
+var LOADING_SET_DEPRECATED = '$ionicLoading instance.setContent() has been deprecated. Use $ionicLoading.show({ template: \'my content\' }).';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicLoading
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * An overlay that can be used to indicate activity while blocking user
+ * interaction.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```js
+ * angular.module('LoadingApp', ['ionic'])
+ * .controller('LoadingCtrl', function($scope, $ionicLoading) {
+ *   $scope.show = function() {
+ *     $ionicLoading.show({
+ *       template: 'Loading...'
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ *   $scope.hide = function(){
+ *     $ionicLoading.hide();
+ *   };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name $ionicLoadingConfig
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * Set the default options to be passed to the {@link ionic.service:$ionicLoading} service.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```js
+ * var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ionic'])
+ * app.constant('$ionicLoadingConfig', {
+ *   template: 'Default Loading Template...'
+ * });
+ * app.controller('AppCtrl', function($scope, $ionicLoading) {
+ *   $scope.showLoading = function() {
+ *     $ionicLoading.show(); //options default to values in $ionicLoadingConfig
+ *   };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.constant('$ionicLoadingConfig', {
+  template: '<ion-spinner></ion-spinner>'
+})
+.factory('$ionicLoading', [
+  '$ionicLoadingConfig',
+  '$ionicBody',
+  '$ionicTemplateLoader',
+  '$ionicBackdrop',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$q',
+  '$log',
+  '$compile',
+  '$ionicPlatform',
+  '$rootScope',
+  'IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY',
+function($ionicLoadingConfig, $ionicBody, $ionicTemplateLoader, $ionicBackdrop, $timeout, $q, $log, $compile, $ionicPlatform, $rootScope, IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY) {
+
+  var loaderInstance;
+  //default values
+  var deregisterBackAction = noop;
+  var deregisterStateListener1 = noop;
+  var deregisterStateListener2 = noop;
+  var loadingShowDelay = $q.when();
+
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicLoading#show
+     * @description Shows a loading indicator. If the indicator is already shown,
+     * it will set the options given and keep the indicator shown.
+     * @param {object} opts The options for the loading indicator. Available properties:
+     *  - `{string=}` `template` The html content of the indicator.
+     *  - `{string=}` `templateUrl` The url of an html template to load as the content of the indicator.
+     *  - `{object=}` `scope` The scope to be a child of. Default: creates a child of $rootScope.
+     *  - `{boolean=}` `noBackdrop` Whether to hide the backdrop. By default it will be shown.
+     *  - `{boolean=}` `hideOnStateChange` Whether to hide the loading spinner when navigating
+     *    to a new state. Default false.
+     *  - `{number=}` `delay` How many milliseconds to delay showing the indicator. By default there is no delay.
+     *  - `{number=}` `duration` How many milliseconds to wait until automatically
+     *  hiding the indicator. By default, the indicator will be shown until `.hide()` is called.
+     */
+    show: showLoader,
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicLoading#hide
+     * @description Hides the loading indicator, if shown.
+     */
+    hide: hideLoader,
+    /**
+     * @private for testing
+     */
+    _getLoader: getLoader
+  };
+
+  function getLoader() {
+    if (!loaderInstance) {
+      loaderInstance = $ionicTemplateLoader.compile({
+        template: LOADING_TPL,
+        appendTo: $ionicBody.get()
+      })
+      .then(function(self) {
+        self.show = function(options) {
+          var templatePromise = options.templateUrl ?
+            $ionicTemplateLoader.load(options.templateUrl) :
+            //options.content: deprecated
+            $q.when(options.template || options.content || '');
+
+          self.scope = options.scope || self.scope;
+
+          if (!self.isShown) {
+            //options.showBackdrop: deprecated
+            self.hasBackdrop = !options.noBackdrop && options.showBackdrop !== false;
+            if (self.hasBackdrop) {
+              $ionicBackdrop.retain();
+              $ionicBackdrop.getElement().addClass('backdrop-loading');
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (options.duration) {
+            $timeout.cancel(self.durationTimeout);
+            self.durationTimeout = $timeout(
+              angular.bind(self, self.hide),
+              +options.duration
+            );
+          }
+
+          deregisterBackAction();
+          //Disable hardware back button while loading
+          deregisterBackAction = $ionicPlatform.registerBackButtonAction(
+            noop,
+            IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY.loading
+          );
+
+          templatePromise.then(function(html) {
+            if (html) {
+              var loading = self.element.children();
+              loading.html(html);
+              $compile(loading.contents())(self.scope);
+            }
+
+            //Don't show until template changes
+            if (self.isShown) {
+              self.element.addClass('visible');
+              ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+                if (self.isShown) {
+                  self.element.addClass('active');
+                  $ionicBody.addClass('loading-active');
+                }
+              });
+            }
+          });
+
+          self.isShown = true;
+        };
+        self.hide = function() {
+
+          deregisterBackAction();
+          if (self.isShown) {
+            if (self.hasBackdrop) {
+              $ionicBackdrop.release();
+              $ionicBackdrop.getElement().removeClass('backdrop-loading');
+            }
+            self.element.removeClass('active');
+            $ionicBody.removeClass('loading-active');
+            setTimeout(function() {
+              !self.isShown && self.element.removeClass('visible');
+            }, 200);
+          }
+          $timeout.cancel(self.durationTimeout);
+          self.isShown = false;
+        };
+
+        return self;
+      });
+    }
+    return loaderInstance;
+  }
+
+  function showLoader(options) {
+    options = extend({}, $ionicLoadingConfig || {}, options || {});
+    var delay = options.delay || options.showDelay || 0;
+
+    deregisterStateListener1();
+    deregisterStateListener2();
+    if (options.hideOnStateChange) {
+      deregisterStateListener1 = $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', hideLoader);
+      deregisterStateListener2 = $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeError', hideLoader);
+    }
+
+    //If loading.show() was called previously, cancel it and show with our new options
+    $timeout.cancel(loadingShowDelay);
+    loadingShowDelay = $timeout(noop, delay);
+    loadingShowDelay.then(getLoader).then(function(loader) {
+      return loader.show(options);
+    });
+
+    return {
+      hide: function deprecatedHide() {
+        $log.error(LOADING_HIDE_DEPRECATED);
+        return hideLoader.apply(this, arguments);
+      },
+      show: function deprecatedShow() {
+        $log.error(LOADING_SHOW_DEPRECATED);
+        return showLoader.apply(this, arguments);
+      },
+      setContent: function deprecatedSetContent(content) {
+        $log.error(LOADING_SET_DEPRECATED);
+        return getLoader().then(function(loader) {
+          loader.show({ template: content });
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function hideLoader() {
+    deregisterStateListener1();
+    deregisterStateListener2();
+    $timeout.cancel(loadingShowDelay);
+    getLoader().then(function(loader) {
+      loader.hide();
+    });
+  }
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicModal
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Related: {@link ionic.controller:ionicModal ionicModal controller}.
+ *
+ * The Modal is a content pane that can go over the user's main view
+ * temporarily.  Usually used for making a choice or editing an item.
+ *
+ * Put the content of the modal inside of an `<ion-modal-view>` element.
+ *
+ * **Notes:**
+ * - A modal will broadcast 'modal.shown', 'modal.hidden', and 'modal.removed' events from its originating
+ * scope, passing in itself as an event argument. Both the modal.removed and modal.hidden events are
+ * called when the modal is removed.
+ *
+ * - This example assumes your modal is in your main index file or another template file. If it is in its own
+ * template file, remove the script tags and call it by file name.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <script id="my-modal.html" type="text/ng-template">
+ *   <ion-modal-view>
+ *     <ion-header-bar>
+ *       <h1 class="title">My Modal title</h1>
+ *     </ion-header-bar>
+ *     <ion-content>
+ *       Hello!
+ *     </ion-content>
+ *   </ion-modal-view>
+ * </script>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * angular.module('testApp', ['ionic'])
+ * .controller('MyController', function($scope, $ionicModal) {
+ *   $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl('my-modal.html', {
+ *     scope: $scope,
+ *     animation: 'slide-in-up'
+ *   }).then(function(modal) {
+ *     $scope.modal = modal;
+ *   });
+ *   $scope.openModal = function() {
+ *     $scope.modal.show();
+ *   };
+ *   $scope.closeModal = function() {
+ *     $scope.modal.hide();
+ *   };
+ *   //Cleanup the modal when we're done with it!
+ *   $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+ *     $scope.modal.remove();
+ *   });
+ *   // Execute action on hide modal
+ *   $scope.$on('modal.hidden', function() {
+ *     // Execute action
+ *   });
+ *   // Execute action on remove modal
+ *   $scope.$on('modal.removed', function() {
+ *     // Execute action
+ *   });
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicModal', [
+  '$rootScope',
+  '$ionicBody',
+  '$compile',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$ionicPlatform',
+  '$ionicTemplateLoader',
+  '$$q',
+  '$log',
+  '$ionicClickBlock',
+  '$window',
+  'IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY',
+function($rootScope, $ionicBody, $compile, $timeout, $ionicPlatform, $ionicTemplateLoader, $$q, $log, $ionicClickBlock, $window, IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY) {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc controller
+   * @name ionicModal
+   * @module ionic
+   * @description
+   * Instantiated by the {@link ionic.service:$ionicModal} service.
+   *
+   * Be sure to call [remove()](#remove) when you are done with each modal
+   * to clean it up and avoid memory leaks.
+   *
+   * Note: a modal will broadcast 'modal.shown', 'modal.hidden', and 'modal.removed' events from its originating
+   * scope, passing in itself as an event argument. Note: both modal.removed and modal.hidden are
+   * called when the modal is removed.
+   */
+  var ModalView = ionic.views.Modal.inherit({
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionicModal#initialize
+     * @description Creates a new modal controller instance.
+     * @param {object} options An options object with the following properties:
+     *  - `{object=}` `scope` The scope to be a child of.
+     *    Default: creates a child of $rootScope.
+     *  - `{string=}` `animation` The animation to show & hide with.
+     *    Default: 'slide-in-up'
+     *  - `{boolean=}` `focusFirstInput` Whether to autofocus the first input of
+     *    the modal when shown.  Default: false.
+     *  - `{boolean=}` `backdropClickToClose` Whether to close the modal on clicking the backdrop.
+     *    Default: true.
+     *  - `{boolean=}` `hardwareBackButtonClose` Whether the modal can be closed using the hardware
+     *    back button on Android and similar devices.  Default: true.
+     */
+    initialize: function(opts) {
+      ionic.views.Modal.prototype.initialize.call(this, opts);
+      this.animation = opts.animation || 'slide-in-up';
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionicModal#show
+     * @description Show this modal instance.
+     * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the modal is finished animating in.
+     */
+    show: function(target) {
+      var self = this;
+
+      if (self.scope.$$destroyed) {
+        $log.error('Cannot call ' + self.viewType + '.show() after remove(). Please create a new ' + self.viewType + ' instance.');
+        return $$q.when();
+      }
+
+      var modalEl = jqLite(self.modalEl);
+
+      self.el.classList.remove('hide');
+      $timeout(function() {
+        if (!self._isShown) return;
+        $ionicBody.addClass(self.viewType + '-open');
+      }, 400, false);
+
+      if (!self.el.parentElement) {
+        modalEl.addClass(self.animation);
+        $ionicBody.append(self.el);
+      }
+
+      // if modal was closed while the keyboard was up, reset scroll view on
+      // next show since we can only resize it once it's visible
+      var scrollCtrl = modalEl.data('$$ionicScrollController');
+      scrollCtrl && scrollCtrl.resize();
+
+      if (target && self.positionView) {
+        self.positionView(target, modalEl);
+        // set up a listener for in case the window size changes
+
+        self._onWindowResize = function() {
+          if (self._isShown) self.positionView(target, modalEl);
+        };
+        ionic.on('resize', self._onWindowResize, window);
+      }
+
+
+      modalEl.addClass('ng-enter active')
+             .removeClass('ng-leave ng-leave-active');
+
+      self._isShown = true;
+      self._deregisterBackButton = $ionicPlatform.registerBackButtonAction(
+        self.hardwareBackButtonClose ? angular.bind(self, self.hide) : noop,
+        IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY.modal
+      );
+
+      ionic.views.Modal.prototype.show.call(self);
+
+      $timeout(function() {
+        if (!self._isShown) return;
+        modalEl.addClass('ng-enter-active');
+        ionic.trigger('resize');
+        self.scope.$parent && self.scope.$parent.$broadcast(self.viewType + '.shown', self);
+        self.el.classList.add('active');
+        self.scope.$broadcast('$ionicHeader.align');
+      }, 20);
+
+      return $timeout(function() {
+        if (!self._isShown) return;
+        //After animating in, allow hide on backdrop click
+        self.$el.on('click', function(e) {
+          if (self.backdropClickToClose && e.target === self.el) {
+            self.hide();
+          }
+        });
+      }, 400);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionicModal#hide
+     * @description Hide this modal instance.
+     * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the modal is finished animating out.
+     */
+    hide: function() {
+      var self = this;
+      var modalEl = jqLite(self.modalEl);
+
+      // on iOS, clicks will sometimes bleed through/ghost click on underlying
+      // elements
+      $ionicClickBlock.show(600);
+
+      self.el.classList.remove('active');
+      modalEl.addClass('ng-leave');
+
+      $timeout(function() {
+        if (self._isShown) return;
+        modalEl.addClass('ng-leave-active')
+               .removeClass('ng-enter ng-enter-active active');
+      }, 20, false);
+
+      self.$el.off('click');
+      self._isShown = false;
+      self.scope.$parent && self.scope.$parent.$broadcast(self.viewType + '.hidden', self);
+      self._deregisterBackButton && self._deregisterBackButton();
+
+      ionic.views.Modal.prototype.hide.call(self);
+
+      // clean up event listeners
+      if (self.positionView) {
+        ionic.off('resize', self._onWindowResize, window);
+      }
+
+      return $timeout(function() {
+        $ionicBody.removeClass(self.viewType + '-open');
+        self.el.classList.add('hide');
+      }, self.hideDelay || 320);
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionicModal#remove
+     * @description Remove this modal instance from the DOM and clean up.
+     * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the modal is finished animating out.
+     */
+    remove: function() {
+      var self = this;
+      self.scope.$parent && self.scope.$parent.$broadcast(self.viewType + '.removed', self);
+
+      return self.hide().then(function() {
+        self.scope.$destroy();
+        self.$el.remove();
+      });
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ionicModal#isShown
+     * @returns boolean Whether this modal is currently shown.
+     */
+    isShown: function() {
+      return !!this._isShown;
+    }
+  });
+
+  var createModal = function(templateString, options) {
+    // Create a new scope for the modal
+    var scope = options.scope && options.scope.$new() || $rootScope.$new(true);
+
+    options.viewType = options.viewType || 'modal';
+
+    extend(scope, {
+      $hasHeader: false,
+      $hasSubheader: false,
+      $hasFooter: false,
+      $hasSubfooter: false,
+      $hasTabs: false,
+      $hasTabsTop: false
+    });
+
+    // Compile the template
+    var element = $compile('<ion-' + options.viewType + '>' + templateString + '</ion-' + options.viewType + '>')(scope);
+
+    options.$el = element;
+    options.el = element[0];
+    options.modalEl = options.el.querySelector('.' + options.viewType);
+    var modal = new ModalView(options);
+
+    modal.scope = scope;
+
+    // If this wasn't a defined scope, we can assign the viewType to the isolated scope
+    // we created
+    if (!options.scope) {
+      scope[ options.viewType ] = modal;
+    }
+
+    return modal;
+  };
+
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicModal#fromTemplate
+     * @param {string} templateString The template string to use as the modal's
+     * content.
+     * @param {object} options Options to be passed {@link ionic.controller:ionicModal#initialize ionicModal#initialize} method.
+     * @returns {object} An instance of an {@link ionic.controller:ionicModal}
+     * controller.
+     */
+    fromTemplate: function(templateString, options) {
+      var modal = createModal(templateString, options || {});
+      return modal;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicModal#fromTemplateUrl
+     * @param {string} templateUrl The url to load the template from.
+     * @param {object} options Options to be passed {@link ionic.controller:ionicModal#initialize ionicModal#initialize} method.
+     * options object.
+     * @returns {promise} A promise that will be resolved with an instance of
+     * an {@link ionic.controller:ionicModal} controller.
+     */
+    fromTemplateUrl: function(url, options, _) {
+      var cb;
+      //Deprecated: allow a callback as second parameter. Now we return a promise.
+      if (angular.isFunction(options)) {
+        cb = options;
+        options = _;
+      }
+      return $ionicTemplateLoader.load(url).then(function(templateString) {
+        var modal = createModal(templateString, options || {});
+        cb && cb(modal);
+        return modal;
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicNavBarDelegate
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * Delegate for controlling the {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} directive.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <body ng-controller="MyCtrl">
+ *   <ion-nav-bar>
+ *     <button ng-click="setNavTitle('banana')">
+ *       Set title to banana!
+ *     </button>
+ *   </ion-nav-bar>
+ * </body>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MyCtrl($scope, $ionicNavBarDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.setNavTitle = function(title) {
+ *     $ionicNavBarDelegate.title(title);
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.service('$ionicNavBarDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavBarDelegate#align
+   * @description Aligns the title with the buttons in a given direction.
+   * @param {string=} direction The direction to the align the title text towards.
+   * Available: 'left', 'right', 'center'. Default: 'center'.
+   */
+  'align',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavBarDelegate#showBackButton
+   * @description
+   * Set/get whether the {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBackButton} is shown
+   * (if it exists and there is a previous view that can be navigated to).
+   * @param {boolean=} show Whether to show the back button.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the back button is shown.
+   */
+  'showBackButton',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavBarDelegate#showBar
+   * @description
+   * Set/get whether the {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} is shown.
+   * @param {boolean} show Whether to show the bar.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the bar is shown.
+   */
+  'showBar',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavBarDelegate#title
+   * @description
+   * Set the title for the {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar}.
+   * @param {string} title The new title to show.
+   */
+  'title',
+
+  // DEPRECATED, as of v1.0.0-beta14 -------
+  'changeTitle',
+  'setTitle',
+  'getTitle',
+  'back',
+  'getPreviousTitle'
+  // END DEPRECATED -------
+]));
+
+
+IonicModule
+.service('$ionicNavViewDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  'clearCache'
+]));
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicPlatform
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * An angular abstraction of {@link ionic.utility:ionic.Platform}.
+ *
+ * Used to detect the current platform, as well as do things like override the
+ * Android back button in PhoneGap/Cordova.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.constant('IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY', {
+  view: 100,
+  sideMenu: 150,
+  modal: 200,
+  actionSheet: 300,
+  popup: 400,
+  loading: 500
+})
+.provider('$ionicPlatform', function() {
+  return {
+    $get: ['$q', function($q) {
+      var self = {
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $ionicPlatform#onHardwareBackButton
+         * @description
+         * Some platforms have a hardware back button, so this is one way to
+         * bind to it.
+         * @param {function} callback the callback to trigger when this event occurs
+         */
+        onHardwareBackButton: function(cb) {
+          ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+            document.addEventListener('backbutton', cb, false);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $ionicPlatform#offHardwareBackButton
+         * @description
+         * Remove an event listener for the backbutton.
+         * @param {function} callback The listener function that was
+         * originally bound.
+         */
+        offHardwareBackButton: function(fn) {
+          ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+            document.removeEventListener('backbutton', fn);
+          });
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $ionicPlatform#registerBackButtonAction
+         * @description
+         * Register a hardware back button action. Only one action will execute
+         * when the back button is clicked, so this method decides which of
+         * the registered back button actions has the highest priority.
+         *
+         * For example, if an actionsheet is showing, the back button should
+         * close the actionsheet, but it should not also go back a page view
+         * or close a modal which may be open.
+         *
+         * The priorities for the existing back button hooks are as follows:
+         *   Return to previous view = 100
+         *   Close side menu = 150
+         *   Dismiss modal = 200
+         *   Close action sheet = 300
+         *   Dismiss popup = 400
+         *   Dismiss loading overlay = 500
+         *
+         * Your back button action will override each of the above actions
+         * whose priority is less than the priority you provide. For example,
+         * an action assigned a priority of 101 will override the 'return to
+         * previous view' action, but not any of the other actions.
+         *
+         * @param {function} callback Called when the back button is pressed,
+         * if this listener is the highest priority.
+         * @param {number} priority Only the highest priority will execute.
+         * @param {*=} actionId The id to assign this action. Default: a
+         * random unique id.
+         * @returns {function} A function that, when called, will deregister
+         * this backButtonAction.
+         */
+        $backButtonActions: {},
+        registerBackButtonAction: function(fn, priority, actionId) {
+
+          if (!self._hasBackButtonHandler) {
+            // add a back button listener if one hasn't been setup yet
+            self.$backButtonActions = {};
+            self.onHardwareBackButton(self.hardwareBackButtonClick);
+            self._hasBackButtonHandler = true;
+          }
+
+          var action = {
+            id: (actionId ? actionId : ionic.Utils.nextUid()),
+            priority: (priority ? priority : 0),
+            fn: fn
+          };
+          self.$backButtonActions[action.id] = action;
+
+          // return a function to de-register this back button action
+          return function() {
+            delete self.$backButtonActions[action.id];
+          };
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @private
+         */
+        hardwareBackButtonClick: function(e) {
+          // loop through all the registered back button actions
+          // and only run the last one of the highest priority
+          var priorityAction, actionId;
+          for (actionId in self.$backButtonActions) {
+            if (!priorityAction || self.$backButtonActions[actionId].priority >= priorityAction.priority) {
+              priorityAction = self.$backButtonActions[actionId];
+            }
+          }
+          if (priorityAction) {
+            priorityAction.fn(e);
+            return priorityAction;
+          }
+        },
+
+        is: function(type) {
+          return ionic.Platform.is(type);
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $ionicPlatform#on
+         * @description
+         * Add Cordova event listeners, such as `pause`, `resume`, `volumedownbutton`, `batterylow`,
+         * `offline`, etc. More information about available event types can be found in
+         * [Cordova's event documentation](https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/edge/cordova_events_events.md.html#Events).
+         * @param {string} type Cordova [event type](https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/edge/cordova_events_events.md.html#Events).
+         * @param {function} callback Called when the Cordova event is fired.
+         * @returns {function} Returns a deregistration function to remove the event listener.
+         */
+        on: function(type, cb) {
+          ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+            document.addEventListener(type, cb, false);
+          });
+          return function() {
+            ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+              document.removeEventListener(type, cb);
+            });
+          };
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc method
+         * @name $ionicPlatform#ready
+         * @description
+         * Trigger a callback once the device is ready,
+         * or immediately if the device is already ready.
+         * @param {function=} callback The function to call.
+         * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the device is ready.
+         */
+        ready: function(cb) {
+          var q = $q.defer();
+
+          ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+            q.resolve();
+            cb && cb();
+          });
+
+          return q.promise;
+        }
+      };
+      return self;
+    }]
+  };
+
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicPopover
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Related: {@link ionic.controller:ionicPopover ionicPopover controller}.
+ *
+ * The Popover is a view that floats above an app’s content. Popovers provide an
+ * easy way to present or gather information from the user and are
+ * commonly used in the following situations:
+ *
+ * - Show more info about the current view
+ * - Select a commonly used tool or configuration
+ * - Present a list of actions to perform inside one of your views
+ *
+ * Put the content of the popover inside of an `<ion-popover-view>` element.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <p>
+ *   <button ng-click="openPopover($event)">Open Popover</button>
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * <script id="my-popover.html" type="text/ng-template">
+ *   <ion-popover-view>
+ *     <ion-header-bar>
+ *       <h1 class="title">My Popover Title</h1>
+ *     </ion-header-bar>
+ *     <ion-content>
+ *       Hello!
+ *     </ion-content>
+ *   </ion-popover-view>
+ * </script>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * angular.module('testApp', ['ionic'])
+ * .controller('MyController', function($scope, $ionicPopover) {
+ *
+ *   // .fromTemplate() method
+ *   var template = '<ion-popover-view><ion-header-bar> <h1 class="title">My Popover Title</h1> </ion-header-bar> <ion-content> Hello! </ion-content></ion-popover-view>';
+ *
+ *   $scope.popover = $ionicPopover.fromTemplate(template, {
+ *     scope: $scope
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // .fromTemplateUrl() method
+ *   $ionicPopover.fromTemplateUrl('my-popover.html', {
+ *     scope: $scope
+ *   }).then(function(popover) {
+ *     $scope.popover = popover;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *
+ *   $scope.openPopover = function($event) {
+ *     $scope.popover.show($event);
+ *   };
+ *   $scope.closePopover = function() {
+ *     $scope.popover.hide();
+ *   };
+ *   //Cleanup the popover when we're done with it!
+ *   $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+ *     $scope.popover.remove();
+ *   });
+ *   // Execute action on hide popover
+ *   $scope.$on('popover.hidden', function() {
+ *     // Execute action
+ *   });
+ *   // Execute action on remove popover
+ *   $scope.$on('popover.removed', function() {
+ *     // Execute action
+ *   });
+ * });
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicPopover', ['$ionicModal', '$ionicPosition', '$document', '$window',
+function($ionicModal, $ionicPosition, $document, $window) {
+
+  var POPOVER_BODY_PADDING = 6;
+
+  var POPOVER_OPTIONS = {
+    viewType: 'popover',
+    hideDelay: 1,
+    animation: 'none',
+    positionView: positionView
+  };
+
+  function positionView(target, popoverEle) {
+    var targetEle = jqLite(target.target || target);
+    var buttonOffset = $ionicPosition.offset(targetEle);
+    var popoverWidth = popoverEle.prop('offsetWidth');
+    var popoverHeight = popoverEle.prop('offsetHeight');
+    // Use innerWidth and innerHeight, because clientWidth and clientHeight
+    // doesn't work consistently for body on all platforms
+    var bodyWidth = $window.innerWidth;
+    var bodyHeight = $window.innerHeight;
+
+    var popoverCSS = {
+      left: buttonOffset.left + buttonOffset.width / 2 - popoverWidth / 2
+    };
+    var arrowEle = jqLite(popoverEle[0].querySelector('.popover-arrow'));
+
+    if (popoverCSS.left < POPOVER_BODY_PADDING) {
+      popoverCSS.left = POPOVER_BODY_PADDING;
+    } else if (popoverCSS.left + popoverWidth + POPOVER_BODY_PADDING > bodyWidth) {
+      popoverCSS.left = bodyWidth - popoverWidth - POPOVER_BODY_PADDING;
+    }
+
+    // If the popover when popped down stretches past bottom of screen,
+    // make it pop up if there's room above
+    if (buttonOffset.top + buttonOffset.height + popoverHeight > bodyHeight &&
+        buttonOffset.top - popoverHeight > 0) {
+      popoverCSS.top = buttonOffset.top - popoverHeight;
+      popoverEle.addClass('popover-bottom');
+    } else {
+      popoverCSS.top = buttonOffset.top + buttonOffset.height;
+      popoverEle.removeClass('popover-bottom');
+    }
+
+    arrowEle.css({
+      left: buttonOffset.left + buttonOffset.width / 2 -
+        arrowEle.prop('offsetWidth') / 2 - popoverCSS.left + 'px'
+    });
+
+    popoverEle.css({
+      top: popoverCSS.top + 'px',
+      left: popoverCSS.left + 'px',
+      marginLeft: '0',
+      opacity: '1'
+    });
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc controller
+   * @name ionicPopover
+   * @module ionic
+   * @description
+   * Instantiated by the {@link ionic.service:$ionicPopover} service.
+   *
+   * Be sure to call [remove()](#remove) when you are done with each popover
+   * to clean it up and avoid memory leaks.
+   *
+   * Note: a popover will broadcast 'popover.shown', 'popover.hidden', and 'popover.removed' events from its originating
+   * scope, passing in itself as an event argument. Both the popover.removed and popover.hidden events are
+   * called when the popover is removed.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ionicPopover#initialize
+   * @description Creates a new popover controller instance.
+   * @param {object} options An options object with the following properties:
+   *  - `{object=}` `scope` The scope to be a child of.
+   *    Default: creates a child of $rootScope.
+   *  - `{boolean=}` `focusFirstInput` Whether to autofocus the first input of
+   *    the popover when shown.  Default: false.
+   *  - `{boolean=}` `backdropClickToClose` Whether to close the popover on clicking the backdrop.
+   *    Default: true.
+   *  - `{boolean=}` `hardwareBackButtonClose` Whether the popover can be closed using the hardware
+   *    back button on Android and similar devices.  Default: true.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ionicPopover#show
+   * @description Show this popover instance.
+   * @param {$event} $event The $event or target element which the popover should align
+   * itself next to.
+   * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the popover is finished animating in.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ionicPopover#hide
+   * @description Hide this popover instance.
+   * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the popover is finished animating out.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ionicPopover#remove
+   * @description Remove this popover instance from the DOM and clean up.
+   * @returns {promise} A promise which is resolved when the popover is finished animating out.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ionicPopover#isShown
+   * @returns boolean Whether this popover is currently shown.
+   */
+
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPopover#fromTemplate
+     * @param {string} templateString The template string to use as the popovers's
+     * content.
+     * @param {object} options Options to be passed to the initialize method.
+     * @returns {object} An instance of an {@link ionic.controller:ionicPopover}
+     * controller (ionicPopover is built on top of $ionicPopover).
+     */
+    fromTemplate: function(templateString, options) {
+      return $ionicModal.fromTemplate(templateString, ionic.Utils.extend(POPOVER_OPTIONS, options || {}));
+    },
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPopover#fromTemplateUrl
+     * @param {string} templateUrl The url to load the template from.
+     * @param {object} options Options to be passed to the initialize method.
+     * @returns {promise} A promise that will be resolved with an instance of
+     * an {@link ionic.controller:ionicPopover} controller (ionicPopover is built on top of $ionicPopover).
+     */
+    fromTemplateUrl: function(url, options) {
+      return $ionicModal.fromTemplateUrl(url, ionic.Utils.extend(POPOVER_OPTIONS, options || {}));
+    }
+  };
+
+}]);
+
+
+var POPUP_TPL =
+  '<div class="popup-container" ng-class="cssClass">' +
+    '<div class="popup">' +
+      '<div class="popup-head">' +
+        '<h3 class="popup-title" ng-bind-html="title"></h3>' +
+        '<h5 class="popup-sub-title" ng-bind-html="subTitle" ng-if="subTitle"></h5>' +
+      '</div>' +
+      '<div class="popup-body">' +
+      '</div>' +
+      '<div class="popup-buttons" ng-show="buttons.length">' +
+        '<button ng-repeat="button in buttons" ng-click="$buttonTapped(button, $event)" class="button" ng-class="button.type || \'button-default\'" ng-bind-html="button.text"></button>' +
+      '</div>' +
+    '</div>' +
+  '</div>';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicPopup
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @codepen zkmhJ
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The Ionic Popup service allows programmatically creating and showing popup
+ * windows that require the user to respond in order to continue.
+ *
+ * The popup system has support for more flexible versions of the built in `alert()`, `prompt()`,
+ * and `confirm()` functions that users are used to, in addition to allowing popups with completely
+ * custom content and look.
+ *
+ * An input can be given an `autofocus` attribute so it automatically receives focus when
+ * the popup first shows. However, depending on certain use-cases this can cause issues with
+ * the tap/click system, which is why Ionic prefers using the `autofocus` attribute as
+ * an opt-in feature and not the default.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * A few basic examples, see below for details about all of the options available.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *angular.module('mySuperApp', ['ionic'])
+ *.controller('PopupCtrl',function($scope, $ionicPopup, $timeout) {
+ *
+ * // Triggered on a button click, or some other target
+ * $scope.showPopup = function() {
+ *   $scope.data = {}
+ *
+ *   // An elaborate, custom popup
+ *   var myPopup = $ionicPopup.show({
+ *     template: '<input type="password" ng-model="data.wifi">',
+ *     title: 'Enter Wi-Fi Password',
+ *     subTitle: 'Please use normal things',
+ *     scope: $scope,
+ *     buttons: [
+ *       { text: 'Cancel' },
+ *       {
+ *         text: '<b>Save</b>',
+ *         type: 'button-positive',
+ *         onTap: function(e) {
+ *           if (!$scope.data.wifi) {
+ *             //don't allow the user to close unless he enters wifi password
+ *             e.preventDefault();
+ *           } else {
+ *             return $scope.data.wifi;
+ *           }
+ *         }
+ *       }
+ *     ]
+ *   });
+ *   myPopup.then(function(res) {
+ *     console.log('Tapped!', res);
+ *   });
+ *   $timeout(function() {
+ *      myPopup.close(); //close the popup after 3 seconds for some reason
+ *   }, 3000);
+ *  };
+ *  // A confirm dialog
+ *  $scope.showConfirm = function() {
+ *    var confirmPopup = $ionicPopup.confirm({
+ *      title: 'Consume Ice Cream',
+ *      template: 'Are you sure you want to eat this ice cream?'
+ *    });
+ *    confirmPopup.then(function(res) {
+ *      if(res) {
+ *        console.log('You are sure');
+ *      } else {
+ *        console.log('You are not sure');
+ *      }
+ *    });
+ *  };
+ *
+ *  // An alert dialog
+ *  $scope.showAlert = function() {
+ *    var alertPopup = $ionicPopup.alert({
+ *      title: 'Don\'t eat that!',
+ *      template: 'It might taste good'
+ *    });
+ *    alertPopup.then(function(res) {
+ *      console.log('Thank you for not eating my delicious ice cream cone');
+ *    });
+ *  };
+ *});
+ *```
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicPopup', [
+  '$ionicTemplateLoader',
+  '$ionicBackdrop',
+  '$q',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$rootScope',
+  '$ionicBody',
+  '$compile',
+  '$ionicPlatform',
+  'IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY',
+function($ionicTemplateLoader, $ionicBackdrop, $q, $timeout, $rootScope, $ionicBody, $compile, $ionicPlatform, IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY) {
+  //TODO allow this to be configured
+  var config = {
+    stackPushDelay: 75
+  };
+  var popupStack = [];
+
+  var $ionicPopup = {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @description
+     * Show a complex popup. This is the master show function for all popups.
+     *
+     * A complex popup has a `buttons` array, with each button having a `text` and `type`
+     * field, in addition to an `onTap` function.  The `onTap` function, called when
+     * the corresponding button on the popup is tapped, will by default close the popup
+     * and resolve the popup promise with its return value.  If you wish to prevent the
+     * default and keep the popup open on button tap, call `event.preventDefault()` on the
+     * passed in tap event.  Details below.
+     *
+     * @name $ionicPopup#show
+     * @param {object} options The options for the new popup, of the form:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * {
+     *   title: '', // String. The title of the popup.
+     *   cssClass: '', // String, The custom CSS class name
+     *   subTitle: '', // String (optional). The sub-title of the popup.
+     *   template: '', // String (optional). The html template to place in the popup body.
+     *   templateUrl: '', // String (optional). The URL of an html template to place in the popup   body.
+     *   scope: null, // Scope (optional). A scope to link to the popup content.
+     *   buttons: [{ // Array[Object] (optional). Buttons to place in the popup footer.
+     *     text: 'Cancel',
+     *     type: 'button-default',
+     *     onTap: function(e) {
+     *       // e.preventDefault() will stop the popup from closing when tapped.
+     *       e.preventDefault();
+     *     }
+     *   }, {
+     *     text: 'OK',
+     *     type: 'button-positive',
+     *     onTap: function(e) {
+     *       // Returning a value will cause the promise to resolve with the given value.
+     *       return scope.data.response;
+     *     }
+     *   }]
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @returns {object} A promise which is resolved when the popup is closed. Has an additional
+     * `close` function, which can be used to programmatically close the popup.
+     */
+    show: showPopup,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPopup#alert
+     * @description Show a simple alert popup with a message and one button that the user can
+     * tap to close the popup.
+     *
+     * @param {object} options The options for showing the alert, of the form:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * {
+     *   title: '', // String. The title of the popup.
+     *   cssClass: '', // String, The custom CSS class name
+     *   subTitle: '', // String (optional). The sub-title of the popup.
+     *   template: '', // String (optional). The html template to place in the popup body.
+     *   templateUrl: '', // String (optional). The URL of an html template to place in the popup   body.
+     *   okText: '', // String (default: 'OK'). The text of the OK button.
+     *   okType: '', // String (default: 'button-positive'). The type of the OK button.
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @returns {object} A promise which is resolved when the popup is closed. Has one additional
+     * function `close`, which can be called with any value to programmatically close the popup
+     * with the given value.
+     */
+    alert: showAlert,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPopup#confirm
+     * @description
+     * Show a simple confirm popup with a Cancel and OK button.
+     *
+     * Resolves the promise with true if the user presses the OK button, and false if the
+     * user presses the Cancel button.
+     *
+     * @param {object} options The options for showing the confirm popup, of the form:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * {
+     *   title: '', // String. The title of the popup.
+     *   cssClass: '', // String, The custom CSS class name
+     *   subTitle: '', // String (optional). The sub-title of the popup.
+     *   template: '', // String (optional). The html template to place in the popup body.
+     *   templateUrl: '', // String (optional). The URL of an html template to place in the popup   body.
+     *   cancelText: '', // String (default: 'Cancel'). The text of the Cancel button.
+     *   cancelType: '', // String (default: 'button-default'). The type of the Cancel button.
+     *   okText: '', // String (default: 'OK'). The text of the OK button.
+     *   okType: '', // String (default: 'button-positive'). The type of the OK button.
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @returns {object} A promise which is resolved when the popup is closed. Has one additional
+     * function `close`, which can be called with any value to programmatically close the popup
+     * with the given value.
+     */
+    confirm: showConfirm,
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPopup#prompt
+     * @description Show a simple prompt popup, which has an input, OK button, and Cancel button.
+     * Resolves the promise with the value of the input if the user presses OK, and with undefined
+     * if the user presses Cancel.
+     *
+     * ```javascript
+     *  $ionicPopup.prompt({
+     *    title: 'Password Check',
+     *    template: 'Enter your secret password',
+     *    inputType: 'password',
+     *    inputPlaceholder: 'Your password'
+     *  }).then(function(res) {
+     *    console.log('Your password is', res);
+     *  });
+     * ```
+     * @param {object} options The options for showing the prompt popup, of the form:
+     *
+     * ```
+     * {
+     *   title: '', // String. The title of the popup.
+     *   cssClass: '', // String, The custom CSS class name
+     *   subTitle: '', // String (optional). The sub-title of the popup.
+     *   template: '', // String (optional). The html template to place in the popup body.
+     *   templateUrl: '', // String (optional). The URL of an html template to place in the popup   body.
+     *   inputType: // String (default: 'text'). The type of input to use
+     *   inputPlaceholder: // String (default: ''). A placeholder to use for the input.
+     *   cancelText: // String (default: 'Cancel'. The text of the Cancel button.
+     *   cancelType: // String (default: 'button-default'). The type of the Cancel button.
+     *   okText: // String (default: 'OK'). The text of the OK button.
+     *   okType: // String (default: 'button-positive'). The type of the OK button.
+     * }
+     * ```
+     *
+     * @returns {object} A promise which is resolved when the popup is closed. Has one additional
+     * function `close`, which can be called with any value to programmatically close the popup
+     * with the given value.
+     */
+    prompt: showPrompt,
+    /**
+     * @private for testing
+     */
+    _createPopup: createPopup,
+    _popupStack: popupStack
+  };
+
+  return $ionicPopup;
+
+  function createPopup(options) {
+    options = extend({
+      scope: null,
+      title: '',
+      buttons: []
+    }, options || {});
+
+    var self = {};
+    self.scope = (options.scope || $rootScope).$new();
+    self.element = jqLite(POPUP_TPL);
+    self.responseDeferred = $q.defer();
+
+    $ionicBody.get().appendChild(self.element[0]);
+    $compile(self.element)(self.scope);
+
+    extend(self.scope, {
+      title: options.title,
+      buttons: options.buttons,
+      subTitle: options.subTitle,
+      cssClass: options.cssClass,
+      $buttonTapped: function(button, event) {
+        var result = (button.onTap || noop)(event);
+        event = event.originalEvent || event; //jquery events
+
+        if (!event.defaultPrevented) {
+          self.responseDeferred.resolve(result);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    $q.when(
+      options.templateUrl ?
+      $ionicTemplateLoader.load(options.templateUrl) :
+        (options.template || options.content || '')
+    ).then(function(template) {
+      var popupBody = jqLite(self.element[0].querySelector('.popup-body'));
+      if (template) {
+        popupBody.html(template);
+        $compile(popupBody.contents())(self.scope);
+      } else {
+        popupBody.remove();
+      }
+    });
+
+    self.show = function() {
+      if (self.isShown || self.removed) return;
+
+      self.isShown = true;
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+        //if hidden while waiting for raf, don't show
+        if (!self.isShown) return;
+
+        self.element.removeClass('popup-hidden');
+        self.element.addClass('popup-showing active');
+        focusInput(self.element);
+      });
+    };
+
+    self.hide = function(callback) {
+      callback = callback || noop;
+      if (!self.isShown) return callback();
+
+      self.isShown = false;
+      self.element.removeClass('active');
+      self.element.addClass('popup-hidden');
+      $timeout(callback, 250, false);
+    };
+
+    self.remove = function() {
+      if (self.removed) return;
+
+      self.hide(function() {
+        self.element.remove();
+        self.scope.$destroy();
+      });
+
+      self.removed = true;
+    };
+
+    return self;
+  }
+
+  function onHardwareBackButton() {
+    var last = popupStack[popupStack.length - 1];
+    last && last.responseDeferred.resolve();
+  }
+
+  function showPopup(options) {
+    var popup = $ionicPopup._createPopup(options);
+    var showDelay = 0;
+
+    if (popupStack.length > 0) {
+      popupStack[popupStack.length - 1].hide();
+      showDelay = config.stackPushDelay;
+    } else {
+      //Add popup-open & backdrop if this is first popup
+      $ionicBody.addClass('popup-open');
+      $ionicBackdrop.retain();
+      //only show the backdrop on the first popup
+      $ionicPopup._backButtonActionDone = $ionicPlatform.registerBackButtonAction(
+        onHardwareBackButton,
+        IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY.popup
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Expose a 'close' method on the returned promise
+    popup.responseDeferred.promise.close = function popupClose(result) {
+      if (!popup.removed) popup.responseDeferred.resolve(result);
+    };
+    //DEPRECATED: notify the promise with an object with a close method
+    popup.responseDeferred.notify({ close: popup.responseDeferred.close });
+
+    doShow();
+
+    return popup.responseDeferred.promise;
+
+    function doShow() {
+      popupStack.push(popup);
+      $timeout(popup.show, showDelay, false);
+
+      popup.responseDeferred.promise.then(function(result) {
+        var index = popupStack.indexOf(popup);
+        if (index !== -1) {
+          popupStack.splice(index, 1);
+        }
+
+        if (popupStack.length > 0) {
+          popupStack[popupStack.length - 1].show();
+        } else {
+          $ionicBackdrop.release();
+          //Remove popup-open & backdrop if this is last popup
+          $timeout(function() {
+            // wait to remove this due to a 300ms delay native
+            // click which would trigging whatever was underneath this
+            if (!popupStack.length) {
+              $ionicBody.removeClass('popup-open');
+            }
+          }, 400, false);
+          ($ionicPopup._backButtonActionDone || noop)();
+        }
+
+        popup.remove();
+
+        return result;
+      });
+
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  function focusInput(element) {
+    var focusOn = element[0].querySelector('[autofocus]');
+    if (focusOn) {
+      focusOn.focus();
+    }
+  }
+
+  function showAlert(opts) {
+    return showPopup(extend({
+      buttons: [{
+        text: opts.okText || 'OK',
+        type: opts.okType || 'button-positive',
+        onTap: function() {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }]
+    }, opts || {}));
+  }
+
+  function showConfirm(opts) {
+    return showPopup(extend({
+      buttons: [{
+        text: opts.cancelText || 'Cancel',
+        type: opts.cancelType || 'button-default',
+        onTap: function() { return false; }
+      }, {
+        text: opts.okText || 'OK',
+        type: opts.okType || 'button-positive',
+        onTap: function() { return true; }
+      }]
+    }, opts || {}));
+  }
+
+  function showPrompt(opts) {
+    var scope = $rootScope.$new(true);
+    scope.data = {};
+    var text = '';
+    if (opts.template && /<[a-z][\s\S]*>/i.test(opts.template) === false) {
+      text = '<span>' + opts.template + '</span>';
+      delete opts.template;
+    }
+    return showPopup(extend({
+      template: text + '<input ng-model="data.response" type="' + (opts.inputType || 'text') +
+        '" placeholder="' + (opts.inputPlaceholder || '') + '">',
+      scope: scope,
+      buttons: [{
+        text: opts.cancelText || 'Cancel',
+        type: opts.cancelType || 'button-default',
+        onTap: function() {}
+      }, {
+        text: opts.okText || 'OK',
+        type: opts.okType || 'button-positive',
+        onTap: function() {
+          return scope.data.response || '';
+        }
+      }]
+    }, opts || {}));
+  }
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicPosition
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * A set of utility methods that can be use to retrieve position of DOM elements.
+ * It is meant to be used where we need to absolute-position DOM elements in
+ * relation to other, existing elements (this is the case for tooltips, popovers, etc.).
+ *
+ * Adapted from [AngularUI Bootstrap](https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap/blob/master/src/position/position.js),
+ * ([license](https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE))
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicPosition', ['$document', '$window', function($document, $window) {
+
+  function getStyle(el, cssprop) {
+    if (el.currentStyle) { //IE
+      return el.currentStyle[cssprop];
+    } else if ($window.getComputedStyle) {
+      return $window.getComputedStyle(el)[cssprop];
+    }
+    // finally try and get inline style
+    return el.style[cssprop];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a given element is statically positioned
+   * @param element - raw DOM element
+   */
+  function isStaticPositioned(element) {
+    return (getStyle(element, 'position') || 'static') === 'static';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * returns the closest, non-statically positioned parentOffset of a given element
+   * @param element
+   */
+  var parentOffsetEl = function(element) {
+    var docDomEl = $document[0];
+    var offsetParent = element.offsetParent || docDomEl;
+    while (offsetParent && offsetParent !== docDomEl && isStaticPositioned(offsetParent)) {
+      offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
+    }
+    return offsetParent || docDomEl;
+  };
+
+  return {
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPosition#position
+     * @description Get the current coordinates of the element, relative to the offset parent.
+     * Read-only equivalent of [jQuery's position function](http://api.jquery.com/position/).
+     * @param {element} element The element to get the position of.
+     * @returns {object} Returns an object containing the properties top, left, width and height.
+     */
+    position: function(element) {
+      var elBCR = this.offset(element);
+      var offsetParentBCR = { top: 0, left: 0 };
+      var offsetParentEl = parentOffsetEl(element[0]);
+      if (offsetParentEl != $document[0]) {
+        offsetParentBCR = this.offset(jqLite(offsetParentEl));
+        offsetParentBCR.top += offsetParentEl.clientTop - offsetParentEl.scrollTop;
+        offsetParentBCR.left += offsetParentEl.clientLeft - offsetParentEl.scrollLeft;
+      }
+
+      var boundingClientRect = element[0].getBoundingClientRect();
+      return {
+        width: boundingClientRect.width || element.prop('offsetWidth'),
+        height: boundingClientRect.height || element.prop('offsetHeight'),
+        top: elBCR.top - offsetParentBCR.top,
+        left: elBCR.left - offsetParentBCR.left
+      };
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name $ionicPosition#offset
+     * @description Get the current coordinates of the element, relative to the document.
+     * Read-only equivalent of [jQuery's offset function](http://api.jquery.com/offset/).
+     * @param {element} element The element to get the offset of.
+     * @returns {object} Returns an object containing the properties top, left, width and height.
+     */
+    offset: function(element) {
+      var boundingClientRect = element[0].getBoundingClientRect();
+      return {
+        width: boundingClientRect.width || element.prop('offsetWidth'),
+        height: boundingClientRect.height || element.prop('offsetHeight'),
+        top: boundingClientRect.top + ($window.pageYOffset || $document[0].documentElement.scrollTop),
+        left: boundingClientRect.left + ($window.pageXOffset || $document[0].documentElement.scrollLeft)
+      };
+    }
+
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicScrollDelegate
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * Delegate for controlling scrollViews (created by
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionContent} and
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionScroll} directives).
+ *
+ * Methods called directly on the $ionicScrollDelegate service will control all scroll
+ * views.  Use the {@link ionic.service:$ionicScrollDelegate#$getByHandle $getByHandle}
+ * method to control specific scrollViews.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+ *   <ion-content>
+ *     <button ng-click="scrollTop()">Scroll to Top!</button>
+ *   </ion-content>
+ * </body>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MainCtrl($scope, $ionicScrollDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.scrollTop = function() {
+ *     $ionicScrollDelegate.scrollTop();
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Example of advanced usage, with two scroll areas using `delegate-handle`
+ * for fine control.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+ *   <ion-content delegate-handle="mainScroll">
+ *     <button ng-click="scrollMainToTop()">
+ *       Scroll content to top!
+ *     </button>
+ *     <ion-scroll delegate-handle="small" style="height: 100px;">
+ *       <button ng-click="scrollSmallToTop()">
+ *         Scroll small area to top!
+ *       </button>
+ *     </ion-scroll>
+ *   </ion-content>
+ * </body>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MainCtrl($scope, $ionicScrollDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.scrollMainToTop = function() {
+ *     $ionicScrollDelegate.$getByHandle('mainScroll').scrollTop();
+ *   };
+ *   $scope.scrollSmallToTop = function() {
+ *     $ionicScrollDelegate.$getByHandle('small').scrollTop();
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.service('$ionicScrollDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#resize
+   * @description Tell the scrollView to recalculate the size of its container.
+   */
+  'resize',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#scrollTop
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldAnimate Whether the scroll should animate.
+   */
+  'scrollTop',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#scrollBottom
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldAnimate Whether the scroll should animate.
+   */
+  'scrollBottom',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#scrollTo
+   * @param {number} left The x-value to scroll to.
+   * @param {number} top The y-value to scroll to.
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldAnimate Whether the scroll should animate.
+   */
+  'scrollTo',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#scrollBy
+   * @param {number} left The x-offset to scroll by.
+   * @param {number} top The y-offset to scroll by.
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldAnimate Whether the scroll should animate.
+   */
+  'scrollBy',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#zoomTo
+   * @param {number} level Level to zoom to.
+   * @param {boolean=} animate Whether to animate the zoom.
+   * @param {number=} originLeft Zoom in at given left coordinate.
+   * @param {number=} originTop Zoom in at given top coordinate.
+   */
+  'zoomTo',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#zoomBy
+   * @param {number} factor The factor to zoom by.
+   * @param {boolean=} animate Whether to animate the zoom.
+   * @param {number=} originLeft Zoom in at given left coordinate.
+   * @param {number=} originTop Zoom in at given top coordinate.
+   */
+  'zoomBy',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#getScrollPosition
+   * @returns {object} The scroll position of this view, with the following properties:
+   *  - `{number}` `left` The distance the user has scrolled from the left (starts at 0).
+   *  - `{number}` `top` The distance the user has scrolled from the top (starts at 0).
+   */
+  'getScrollPosition',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#anchorScroll
+   * @description Tell the scrollView to scroll to the element with an id
+   * matching window.location.hash.
+   *
+   * If no matching element is found, it will scroll to top.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldAnimate Whether the scroll should animate.
+   */
+  'anchorScroll',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#freezeScroll
+   * @description Does not allow this scroll view to scroll either x or y.
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldFreeze Should this scroll view be prevented from scrolling or not.
+   * @returns {object} If the scroll view is being prevented from scrolling or not.
+   */
+  'freezeScroll',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#freezeAllScrolls
+   * @description Does not allow any of the app's scroll views to scroll either x or y.
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldFreeze Should all app scrolls be prevented from scrolling or not.
+   */
+  'freezeAllScrolls',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#getScrollView
+   * @returns {object} The scrollView associated with this delegate.
+   */
+  'getScrollView'
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicScrollDelegate#$getByHandle
+   * @param {string} handle
+   * @returns `delegateInstance` A delegate instance that controls only the
+   * scrollViews with `delegate-handle` matching the given handle.
+   *
+   * Example: `$ionicScrollDelegate.$getByHandle('my-handle').scrollTop();`
+   */
+]));
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate
+ * @module ionic
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Delegate for controlling the {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus} directive.
+ *
+ * Methods called directly on the $ionicSideMenuDelegate service will control all side
+ * menus.  Use the {@link ionic.service:$ionicSideMenuDelegate#$getByHandle $getByHandle}
+ * method to control specific ionSideMenus instances.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <body ng-controller="MainCtrl">
+ *   <ion-side-menus>
+ *     <ion-side-menu-content>
+ *       Content!
+ *       <button ng-click="toggleLeftSideMenu()">
+ *         Toggle Left Side Menu
+ *       </button>
+ *     </ion-side-menu-content>
+ *     <ion-side-menu side="left">
+ *       Left Menu!
+ *     <ion-side-menu>
+ *   </ion-side-menus>
+ * </body>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MainCtrl($scope, $ionicSideMenuDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.toggleLeftSideMenu = function() {
+ *     $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft();
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.service('$ionicSideMenuDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#toggleLeft
+   * @description Toggle the left side menu (if it exists).
+   * @param {boolean=} isOpen Whether to open or close the menu.
+   * Default: Toggles the menu.
+   */
+  'toggleLeft',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#toggleRight
+   * @description Toggle the right side menu (if it exists).
+   * @param {boolean=} isOpen Whether to open or close the menu.
+   * Default: Toggles the menu.
+   */
+  'toggleRight',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#getOpenRatio
+   * @description Gets the ratio of open amount over menu width. For example, a
+   * menu of width 100 that is opened by 50 pixels is 50% opened, and would return
+   * a ratio of 0.5.
+   *
+   * @returns {float} 0 if nothing is open, between 0 and 1 if left menu is
+   * opened/opening, and between 0 and -1 if right menu is opened/opening.
+   */
+  'getOpenRatio',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#isOpen
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether either the left or right menu is currently opened.
+   */
+  'isOpen',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#isOpenLeft
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the left menu is currently opened.
+   */
+  'isOpenLeft',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#isOpenRight
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the right menu is currently opened.
+   */
+  'isOpenRight',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#canDragContent
+   * @param {boolean=} canDrag Set whether the content can or cannot be dragged to open
+   * side menus.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the content can be dragged to open side menus.
+   */
+  'canDragContent',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#edgeDragThreshold
+   * @param {boolean|number=} value Set whether the content drag can only start if it is below a certain threshold distance from the edge of the screen. Accepts three different values:
+   *  - If a non-zero number is given, that many pixels is used as the maximum allowed distance from the edge that starts dragging the side menu.
+   *  - If true is given, the default number of pixels (25) is used as the maximum allowed distance.
+   *  - If false or 0 is given, the edge drag threshold is disabled, and dragging from anywhere on the content is allowed.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the drag can start only from within the edge of screen threshold.
+   */
+  'edgeDragThreshold'
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSideMenuDelegate#$getByHandle
+   * @param {string} handle
+   * @returns `delegateInstance` A delegate instance that controls only the
+   * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus} directives with `delegate-handle` matching
+   * the given handle.
+   *
+   * Example: `$ionicSideMenuDelegate.$getByHandle('my-handle').toggleLeft();`
+   */
+]));
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description
+ * Delegate that controls the {@link ionic.directive:ionSlideBox} directive.
+ *
+ * Methods called directly on the $ionicSlideBoxDelegate service will control all slide boxes.  Use the {@link ionic.service:$ionicSlideBoxDelegate#$getByHandle $getByHandle}
+ * method to control specific slide box instances.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-view>
+ *   <ion-slide-box>
+ *     <ion-slide>
+ *       <div class="box blue">
+ *         <button ng-click="nextSlide()">Next slide!</button>
+ *       </div>
+ *     </ion-slide>
+ *     <ion-slide>
+ *       <div class="box red">
+ *         Slide 2!
+ *       </div>
+ *     </ion-slide>
+ *   </ion-slide-box>
+ * </ion-view>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MyCtrl($scope, $ionicSlideBoxDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.nextSlide = function() {
+ *     $ionicSlideBoxDelegate.next();
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.service('$ionicSlideBoxDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#update
+   * @description
+   * Update the slidebox (for example if using Angular with ng-repeat,
+   * resize it for the elements inside).
+   */
+  'update',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#slide
+   * @param {number} to The index to slide to.
+   * @param {number=} speed The number of milliseconds the change should take.
+   */
+  'slide',
+  'select',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#enableSlide
+   * @param {boolean=} shouldEnable Whether to enable sliding the slidebox.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether sliding is enabled.
+   */
+  'enableSlide',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#previous
+   * @param {number=} speed The number of milliseconds the change should take.
+   * @description Go to the previous slide. Wraps around if at the beginning.
+   */
+  'previous',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#next
+   * @param {number=} speed The number of milliseconds the change should take.
+   * @description Go to the next slide. Wraps around if at the end.
+   */
+  'next',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#stop
+   * @description Stop sliding. The slideBox will not move again until
+   * explicitly told to do so.
+   */
+  'stop',
+  'autoPlay',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#start
+   * @description Start sliding again if the slideBox was stopped.
+   */
+  'start',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#currentIndex
+   * @returns number The index of the current slide.
+   */
+  'currentIndex',
+  'selected',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#slidesCount
+   * @returns number The number of slides there are currently.
+   */
+  'slidesCount',
+  'count',
+  'loop'
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicSlideBoxDelegate#$getByHandle
+   * @param {string} handle
+   * @returns `delegateInstance` A delegate instance that controls only the
+   * {@link ionic.directive:ionSlideBox} directives with `delegate-handle` matching
+   * the given handle.
+   *
+   * Example: `$ionicSlideBoxDelegate.$getByHandle('my-handle').stop();`
+   */
+]));
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicTabsDelegate
+ * @module ionic
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Delegate for controlling the {@link ionic.directive:ionTabs} directive.
+ *
+ * Methods called directly on the $ionicTabsDelegate service will control all ionTabs
+ * directives. Use the {@link ionic.service:$ionicTabsDelegate#$getByHandle $getByHandle}
+ * method to control specific ionTabs instances.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <body ng-controller="MyCtrl">
+ *   <ion-tabs>
+ *
+ *     <ion-tab title="Tab 1">
+ *       Hello tab 1!
+ *       <button ng-click="selectTabWithIndex(1)">Select tab 2!</button>
+ *     </ion-tab>
+ *     <ion-tab title="Tab 2">Hello tab 2!</ion-tab>
+ *
+ *   </ion-tabs>
+ * </body>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MyCtrl($scope, $ionicTabsDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.selectTabWithIndex = function(index) {
+ *     $ionicTabsDelegate.select(index);
+ *   }
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.service('$ionicTabsDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicTabsDelegate#select
+   * @description Select the tab matching the given index.
+   *
+   * @param {number} index Index of the tab to select.
+   */
+  'select',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicTabsDelegate#selectedIndex
+   * @returns `number` The index of the selected tab, or -1.
+   */
+  'selectedIndex'
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicTabsDelegate#$getByHandle
+   * @param {string} handle
+   * @returns `delegateInstance` A delegate instance that controls only the
+   * {@link ionic.directive:ionTabs} directives with `delegate-handle` matching
+   * the given handle.
+   *
+   * Example: `$ionicTabsDelegate.$getByHandle('my-handle').select(0);`
+   */
+]));
+
+
+// closure to keep things neat
+(function() {
+  var templatesToCache = [];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicTemplateCache
+ * @module ionic
+ * @description A service that preemptively caches template files to eliminate transition flicker and boost performance.
+ * @usage
+ * State templates are cached automatically, but you can optionally cache other templates.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $ionicTemplateCache('myNgIncludeTemplate.html');
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Optionally disable all preemptive caching with the `$ionicConfigProvider` or individual states by setting `prefetchTemplate`
+ * in the `$state` definition
+ *
+ * ```js
+ *   angular.module('myApp', ['ionic'])
+ *   .config(function($stateProvider, $ionicConfigProvider) {
+ *
+ *     // disable preemptive template caching globally
+ *     $ionicConfigProvider.templates.prefetch(false);
+ *
+ *     // disable individual states
+ *     $stateProvider
+ *       .state('tabs', {
+ *         url: "/tab",
+ *         abstract: true,
+ *         prefetchTemplate: false,
+ *         templateUrl: "tabs-templates/tabs.html"
+ *       })
+ *       .state('tabs.home', {
+ *         url: "/home",
+ *         views: {
+ *           'home-tab': {
+ *             prefetchTemplate: false,
+ *             templateUrl: "tabs-templates/home.html",
+ *             controller: 'HomeTabCtrl'
+ *           }
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *   });
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicTemplateCache', [
+'$http',
+'$templateCache',
+'$timeout',
+function($http, $templateCache, $timeout) {
+  var toCache = templatesToCache,
+      hasRun;
+
+  function $ionicTemplateCache(templates) {
+    if (typeof templates === 'undefined') {
+      return run();
+    }
+    if (isString(templates)) {
+      templates = [templates];
+    }
+    forEach(templates, function(template) {
+      toCache.push(template);
+    });
+    if (hasRun) {
+      run();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // run through methods - internal method
+  function run() {
+    var template;
+    $ionicTemplateCache._runCount++;
+
+    hasRun = true;
+    // ignore if race condition already zeroed out array
+    if (toCache.length === 0) return;
+
+    var i = 0;
+    while (i < 4 && (template = toCache.pop())) {
+      // note that inline templates are ignored by this request
+      if (isString(template)) $http.get(template, { cache: $templateCache });
+      i++;
+    }
+    // only preload 3 templates a second
+    if (toCache.length) {
+      $timeout(run, 1000);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // exposing for testing
+  $ionicTemplateCache._runCount = 0;
+  // default method
+  return $ionicTemplateCache;
+}])
+
+// Intercepts the $stateprovider.state() command to look for templateUrls that can be cached
+.config([
+'$stateProvider',
+'$ionicConfigProvider',
+function($stateProvider, $ionicConfigProvider) {
+  var stateProviderState = $stateProvider.state;
+  $stateProvider.state = function(stateName, definition) {
+    // don't even bother if it's disabled. note, another config may run after this, so it's not a catch-all
+    if (typeof definition === 'object') {
+      var enabled = definition.prefetchTemplate !== false && templatesToCache.length < $ionicConfigProvider.templates.maxPrefetch();
+      if (enabled && isString(definition.templateUrl)) templatesToCache.push(definition.templateUrl);
+      if (angular.isObject(definition.views)) {
+        for (var key in definition.views) {
+          enabled = definition.views[key].prefetchTemplate !== false && templatesToCache.length < $ionicConfigProvider.templates.maxPrefetch();
+          if (enabled && isString(definition.views[key].templateUrl)) templatesToCache.push(definition.views[key].templateUrl);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return stateProviderState.call($stateProvider, stateName, definition);
+  };
+}])
+
+// process the templateUrls collected by the $stateProvider, adding them to the cache
+.run(['$ionicTemplateCache', function($ionicTemplateCache) {
+  $ionicTemplateCache();
+}]);
+
+})();
+
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicTemplateLoader', [
+  '$compile',
+  '$controller',
+  '$http',
+  '$q',
+  '$rootScope',
+  '$templateCache',
+function($compile, $controller, $http, $q, $rootScope, $templateCache) {
+
+  return {
+    load: fetchTemplate,
+    compile: loadAndCompile
+  };
+
+  function fetchTemplate(url) {
+    return $http.get(url, {cache: $templateCache})
+    .then(function(response) {
+      return response.data && response.data.trim();
+    });
+  }
+
+  function loadAndCompile(options) {
+    options = extend({
+      template: '',
+      templateUrl: '',
+      scope: null,
+      controller: null,
+      locals: {},
+      appendTo: null
+    }, options || {});
+
+    var templatePromise = options.templateUrl ?
+      this.load(options.templateUrl) :
+      $q.when(options.template);
+
+    return templatePromise.then(function(template) {
+      var controller;
+      var scope = options.scope || $rootScope.$new();
+
+      //Incase template doesn't have just one root element, do this
+      var element = jqLite('<div>').html(template).contents();
+
+      if (options.controller) {
+        controller = $controller(
+          options.controller,
+          extend(options.locals, {
+            $scope: scope
+          })
+        );
+        element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
+      }
+      if (options.appendTo) {
+        jqLite(options.appendTo).append(element);
+      }
+
+      $compile(element)(scope);
+
+      return {
+        element: element,
+        scope: scope
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * DEPRECATED, as of v1.0.0-beta14 -------
+ */
+IonicModule
+.factory('$ionicViewService', ['$ionicHistory', '$log', function($ionicHistory, $log) {
+
+  function warn(oldMethod, newMethod) {
+    $log.warn('$ionicViewService' + oldMethod + ' is deprecated, please use $ionicHistory' + newMethod + ' instead: http://ionicframework.com/docs/nightly/api/service/$ionicHistory/');
+  }
+
+  warn('', '');
+
+  var methodsMap = {
+    getCurrentView: 'currentView',
+    getBackView: 'backView',
+    getForwardView: 'forwardView',
+    getCurrentStateName: 'currentStateName',
+    nextViewOptions: 'nextViewOptions',
+    clearHistory: 'clearHistory'
+  };
+
+  forEach(methodsMap, function(newMethod, oldMethod) {
+    methodsMap[oldMethod] = function() {
+      warn('.' + oldMethod, '.' + newMethod);
+      return $ionicHistory[newMethod].apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+  });
+
+  return methodsMap;
+
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * TODO document
+ */
+
+IonicModule.factory('$ionicViewSwitcher', [
+  '$timeout',
+  '$document',
+  '$q',
+  '$ionicClickBlock',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+  '$ionicNavBarDelegate',
+function($timeout, $document, $q, $ionicClickBlock, $ionicConfig, $ionicNavBarDelegate) {
+
+  var TRANSITIONEND_EVENT = 'webkitTransitionEnd transitionend';
+  var DATA_NO_CACHE = '$noCache';
+  var DATA_DESTROY_ELE = '$destroyEle';
+  var DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER = '$eleId';
+  var DATA_VIEW_ACCESSED = '$accessed';
+  var DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER = '$fallbackTimer';
+  var DATA_VIEW = '$viewData';
+  var NAV_VIEW_ATTR = 'nav-view';
+  var VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE = 'active';
+  var VIEW_STATUS_CACHED = 'cached';
+  var VIEW_STATUS_STAGED = 'stage';
+
+  var transitionCounter = 0;
+  var nextTransition, nextDirection;
+  ionic.transition = ionic.transition || {};
+  ionic.transition.isActive = false;
+  var isActiveTimer;
+  var cachedAttr = ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr;
+  var transitionPromises = [];
+  var defaultTimeout = 1100;
+
+  var ionicViewSwitcher = {
+
+    create: function(navViewCtrl, viewLocals, enteringView, leavingView, renderStart, renderEnd) {
+      // get a reference to an entering/leaving element if they exist
+      // loop through to see if the view is already in the navViewElement
+      var enteringEle, leavingEle;
+      var transitionId = ++transitionCounter;
+      var alreadyInDom;
+
+      var switcher = {
+
+        init: function(registerData, callback) {
+          ionicViewSwitcher.isTransitioning(true);
+
+          switcher.loadViewElements(registerData);
+
+          switcher.render(registerData, function() {
+            callback && callback();
+          });
+        },
+
+        loadViewElements: function(registerData) {
+          var x, l, viewEle;
+          var viewElements = navViewCtrl.getViewElements();
+          var enteringEleIdentifier = getViewElementIdentifier(viewLocals, enteringView);
+          var navViewActiveEleId = navViewCtrl.activeEleId();
+
+          for (x = 0, l = viewElements.length; x < l; x++) {
+            viewEle = viewElements.eq(x);
+
+            if (viewEle.data(DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER) === enteringEleIdentifier) {
+              // we found an existing element in the DOM that should be entering the view
+              if (viewEle.data(DATA_NO_CACHE)) {
+                // the existing element should not be cached, don't use it
+                viewEle.data(DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER, enteringEleIdentifier + ionic.Utils.nextUid());
+                viewEle.data(DATA_DESTROY_ELE, true);
+
+              } else {
+                enteringEle = viewEle;
+              }
+
+            } else if (isDefined(navViewActiveEleId) && viewEle.data(DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER) === navViewActiveEleId) {
+              leavingEle = viewEle;
+            }
+
+            if (enteringEle && leavingEle) break;
+          }
+
+          alreadyInDom = !!enteringEle;
+
+          if (!alreadyInDom) {
+            // still no existing element to use
+            // create it using existing template/scope/locals
+            enteringEle = registerData.ele || ionicViewSwitcher.createViewEle(viewLocals);
+
+            // existing elements in the DOM are looked up by their state name and state id
+            enteringEle.data(DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER, enteringEleIdentifier);
+          }
+
+          if (renderEnd) {
+            navViewCtrl.activeEleId(enteringEleIdentifier);
+          }
+
+          registerData.ele = null;
+        },
+
+        render: function(registerData, callback) {
+          if (alreadyInDom) {
+            // it was already found in the DOM, just reconnect the scope
+            ionic.Utils.reconnectScope(enteringEle.scope());
+
+          } else {
+            // the entering element is not already in the DOM
+            // set that the entering element should be "staged" and its
+            // styles of where this element will go before it hits the DOM
+            navViewAttr(enteringEle, VIEW_STATUS_STAGED);
+
+            var enteringData = getTransitionData(viewLocals, enteringEle, registerData.direction, enteringView);
+            var transitionFn = $ionicConfig.transitions.views[enteringData.transition] || $ionicConfig.transitions.views.none;
+            transitionFn(enteringEle, null, enteringData.direction, true).run(0);
+
+            enteringEle.data(DATA_VIEW, {
+              viewId: enteringData.viewId,
+              historyId: enteringData.historyId,
+              stateName: enteringData.stateName,
+              stateParams: enteringData.stateParams
+            });
+
+            // if the current state has cache:false
+            // or the element has cache-view="false" attribute
+            if (viewState(viewLocals).cache === false || viewState(viewLocals).cache === 'false' ||
+                enteringEle.attr('cache-view') == 'false' || $ionicConfig.views.maxCache() === 0) {
+              enteringEle.data(DATA_NO_CACHE, true);
+            }
+
+            // append the entering element to the DOM, create a new scope and run link
+            var viewScope = navViewCtrl.appendViewElement(enteringEle, viewLocals);
+
+            delete enteringData.direction;
+            delete enteringData.transition;
+            viewScope.$emit('$ionicView.loaded', enteringData);
+          }
+
+          // update that this view was just accessed
+          enteringEle.data(DATA_VIEW_ACCESSED, Date.now());
+
+          callback && callback();
+        },
+
+        transition: function(direction, enableBack, allowAnimate) {
+          var deferred;
+          var enteringData = getTransitionData(viewLocals, enteringEle, direction, enteringView);
+          var leavingData = extend(extend({}, enteringData), getViewData(leavingView));
+          enteringData.transitionId = leavingData.transitionId = transitionId;
+          enteringData.fromCache = !!alreadyInDom;
+          enteringData.enableBack = !!enableBack;
+          enteringData.renderStart = renderStart;
+          enteringData.renderEnd = renderEnd;
+
+          cachedAttr(enteringEle.parent(), 'nav-view-transition', enteringData.transition);
+          cachedAttr(enteringEle.parent(), 'nav-view-direction', enteringData.direction);
+
+          // cancel any previous transition complete fallbacks
+          $timeout.cancel(enteringEle.data(DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER));
+
+          // get the transition ready and see if it'll animate
+          var transitionFn = $ionicConfig.transitions.views[enteringData.transition] || $ionicConfig.transitions.views.none;
+          var viewTransition = transitionFn(enteringEle, leavingEle, enteringData.direction,
+                                            enteringData.shouldAnimate && allowAnimate && renderEnd);
+
+          if (viewTransition.shouldAnimate) {
+            // attach transitionend events (and fallback timer)
+            enteringEle.on(TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, completeOnTransitionEnd);
+            enteringEle.data(DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER, $timeout(transitionComplete, defaultTimeout));
+            $ionicClickBlock.show(defaultTimeout);
+          }
+
+          if (renderStart) {
+            // notify the views "before" the transition starts
+            switcher.emit('before', enteringData, leavingData);
+
+            // stage entering element, opacity 0, no transition duration
+            navViewAttr(enteringEle, VIEW_STATUS_STAGED);
+
+            // render the elements in the correct location for their starting point
+            viewTransition.run(0);
+          }
+
+          if (renderEnd) {
+            // create a promise so we can keep track of when all transitions finish
+            // only required if this transition should complete
+            deferred = $q.defer();
+            transitionPromises.push(deferred.promise);
+          }
+
+          if (renderStart && renderEnd) {
+            // CSS "auto" transitioned, not manually transitioned
+            // wait a frame so the styles apply before auto transitioning
+            $timeout(onReflow, 16);
+
+          } else if (!renderEnd) {
+            // just the start of a manual transition
+            // but it will not render the end of the transition
+            navViewAttr(enteringEle, 'entering');
+            navViewAttr(leavingEle, 'leaving');
+
+            // return the transition run method so each step can be ran manually
+            return {
+              run: viewTransition.run,
+              cancel: function(shouldAnimate) {
+                if (shouldAnimate) {
+                  enteringEle.on(TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, cancelOnTransitionEnd);
+                  enteringEle.data(DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER, $timeout(cancelTransition, defaultTimeout));
+                  $ionicClickBlock.show(defaultTimeout);
+                } else {
+                  cancelTransition();
+                }
+                viewTransition.shouldAnimate = shouldAnimate;
+                viewTransition.run(0);
+                viewTransition = null;
+              }
+            };
+
+          } else if (renderEnd) {
+            // just the end of a manual transition
+            // happens after the manual transition has completed
+            // and a full history change has happened
+            onReflow();
+          }
+
+
+          function onReflow() {
+            // remove that we're staging the entering element so it can auto transition
+            navViewAttr(enteringEle, viewTransition.shouldAnimate ? 'entering' : VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE);
+            navViewAttr(leavingEle, viewTransition.shouldAnimate ? 'leaving' : VIEW_STATUS_CACHED);
+
+            // start the auto transition and let the CSS take over
+            viewTransition.run(1);
+
+            // trigger auto transitions on the associated nav bars
+            $ionicNavBarDelegate._instances.forEach(function(instance) {
+              instance.triggerTransitionStart(transitionId);
+            });
+
+            if (!viewTransition.shouldAnimate) {
+              // no animated auto transition
+              transitionComplete();
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Make sure that transitionend events bubbling up from children won't fire
+          // transitionComplete. Will only go forward if ev.target == the element listening.
+          function completeOnTransitionEnd(ev) {
+            if (ev.target !== this) return;
+            transitionComplete();
+          }
+          function transitionComplete() {
+            if (transitionComplete.x) return;
+            transitionComplete.x = true;
+
+            enteringEle.off(TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, completeOnTransitionEnd);
+            $timeout.cancel(enteringEle.data(DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER));
+            leavingEle && $timeout.cancel(leavingEle.data(DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER));
+
+            // emit that the views have finished transitioning
+            // each parent nav-view will update which views are active and cached
+            switcher.emit('after', enteringData, leavingData);
+
+            // resolve that this one transition (there could be many w/ nested views)
+            deferred && deferred.resolve(navViewCtrl);
+
+            // the most recent transition added has completed and all the active
+            // transition promises should be added to the services array of promises
+            if (transitionId === transitionCounter) {
+              $q.all(transitionPromises).then(ionicViewSwitcher.transitionEnd);
+              switcher.cleanup(enteringData);
+            }
+
+            // tell the nav bars that the transition has ended
+            $ionicNavBarDelegate._instances.forEach(function(instance) {
+              instance.triggerTransitionEnd();
+            });
+
+            // remove any references that could cause memory issues
+            nextTransition = nextDirection = enteringView = leavingView = enteringEle = leavingEle = null;
+          }
+
+          // Make sure that transitionend events bubbling up from children won't fire
+          // transitionComplete. Will only go forward if ev.target == the element listening.
+          function cancelOnTransitionEnd(ev) {
+            if (ev.target !== this) return;
+            cancelTransition();
+          }
+          function cancelTransition() {
+            navViewAttr(enteringEle, VIEW_STATUS_CACHED);
+            navViewAttr(leavingEle, VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE);
+            enteringEle.off(TRANSITIONEND_EVENT, cancelOnTransitionEnd);
+            $timeout.cancel(enteringEle.data(DATA_FALLBACK_TIMER));
+            ionicViewSwitcher.transitionEnd([navViewCtrl]);
+          }
+
+        },
+
+        emit: function(step, enteringData, leavingData) {
+          var scope = enteringEle.scope();
+          if (scope) {
+            scope.$emit('$ionicView.' + step + 'Enter', enteringData);
+            if (step == 'after') {
+              scope.$emit('$ionicView.enter', enteringData);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (leavingEle) {
+            scope = leavingEle.scope();
+            if (scope) {
+              scope.$emit('$ionicView.' + step + 'Leave', leavingData);
+              if (step == 'after') {
+                scope.$emit('$ionicView.leave', leavingData);
+              }
+            }
+
+          } else if (scope && leavingData && leavingData.viewId) {
+            scope.$emit('$ionicNavView.' + step + 'Leave', leavingData);
+            if (step == 'after') {
+              scope.$emit('$ionicNavView.leave', leavingData);
+            }
+          }
+        },
+
+        cleanup: function(transData) {
+          // check if any views should be removed
+          if (leavingEle && transData.direction == 'back' && !$ionicConfig.views.forwardCache()) {
+            // if they just navigated back we can destroy the forward view
+            // do not remove forward views if cacheForwardViews config is true
+            destroyViewEle(leavingEle);
+          }
+
+          var viewElements = navViewCtrl.getViewElements();
+          var viewElementsLength = viewElements.length;
+          var x, viewElement;
+          var removeOldestAccess = (viewElementsLength - 1) > $ionicConfig.views.maxCache();
+          var removableEle;
+          var oldestAccess = Date.now();
+
+          for (x = 0; x < viewElementsLength; x++) {
+            viewElement = viewElements.eq(x);
+
+            if (removeOldestAccess && viewElement.data(DATA_VIEW_ACCESSED) < oldestAccess) {
+              // remember what was the oldest element to be accessed so it can be destroyed
+              oldestAccess = viewElement.data(DATA_VIEW_ACCESSED);
+              removableEle = viewElements.eq(x);
+
+            } else if (viewElement.data(DATA_DESTROY_ELE) && navViewAttr(viewElement) != VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE) {
+              destroyViewEle(viewElement);
+            }
+          }
+
+          destroyViewEle(removableEle);
+
+          if (enteringEle.data(DATA_NO_CACHE)) {
+            enteringEle.data(DATA_DESTROY_ELE, true);
+          }
+        },
+
+        enteringEle: function() { return enteringEle; },
+        leavingEle: function() { return leavingEle; }
+
+      };
+
+      return switcher;
+    },
+
+    transitionEnd: function(navViewCtrls) {
+      forEach(navViewCtrls, function(navViewCtrl) {
+        navViewCtrl.transitionEnd();
+      });
+
+      ionicViewSwitcher.isTransitioning(false);
+      $ionicClickBlock.hide();
+      transitionPromises = [];
+    },
+
+    nextTransition: function(val) {
+      nextTransition = val;
+    },
+
+    nextDirection: function(val) {
+      nextDirection = val;
+    },
+
+    isTransitioning: function(val) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        ionic.transition.isActive = !!val;
+        $timeout.cancel(isActiveTimer);
+        if (val) {
+          isActiveTimer = $timeout(function() {
+            ionicViewSwitcher.isTransitioning(false);
+          }, 999);
+        }
+      }
+      return ionic.transition.isActive;
+    },
+
+    createViewEle: function(viewLocals) {
+      var containerEle = $document[0].createElement('div');
+      if (viewLocals && viewLocals.$template) {
+        containerEle.innerHTML = viewLocals.$template;
+        if (containerEle.children.length === 1) {
+          containerEle.children[0].classList.add('pane');
+          return jqLite(containerEle.children[0]);
+        }
+      }
+      containerEle.className = "pane";
+      return jqLite(containerEle);
+    },
+
+    viewEleIsActive: function(viewEle, isActiveAttr) {
+      navViewAttr(viewEle, isActiveAttr ? VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE : VIEW_STATUS_CACHED);
+    },
+
+    getTransitionData: getTransitionData,
+    navViewAttr: navViewAttr,
+    destroyViewEle: destroyViewEle
+
+  };
+
+  return ionicViewSwitcher;
+
+
+  function getViewElementIdentifier(locals, view) {
+    if (viewState(locals)['abstract']) return viewState(locals).name;
+    if (view) return view.stateId || view.viewId;
+    return ionic.Utils.nextUid();
+  }
+
+  function viewState(locals) {
+    return locals && locals.$$state && locals.$$state.self || {};
+  }
+
+  function getTransitionData(viewLocals, enteringEle, direction, view) {
+    // Priority
+    // 1) attribute directive on the button/link to this view
+    // 2) entering element's attribute
+    // 3) entering view's $state config property
+    // 4) view registration data
+    // 5) global config
+    // 6) fallback value
+
+    var state = viewState(viewLocals);
+    var viewTransition = nextTransition || cachedAttr(enteringEle, 'view-transition') || state.viewTransition || $ionicConfig.views.transition() || 'ios';
+    var navBarTransition = $ionicConfig.navBar.transition();
+    direction = nextDirection || cachedAttr(enteringEle, 'view-direction') || state.viewDirection || direction || 'none';
+
+    return extend(getViewData(view), {
+      transition: viewTransition,
+      navBarTransition: navBarTransition === 'view' ? viewTransition : navBarTransition,
+      direction: direction,
+      shouldAnimate: (viewTransition !== 'none' && direction !== 'none')
+    });
+  }
+
+  function getViewData(view) {
+    view = view || {};
+    return {
+      viewId: view.viewId,
+      historyId: view.historyId,
+      stateId: view.stateId,
+      stateName: view.stateName,
+      stateParams: view.stateParams
+    };
+  }
+
+  function navViewAttr(ele, value) {
+    if (arguments.length > 1) {
+      cachedAttr(ele, NAV_VIEW_ATTR, value);
+    } else {
+      return cachedAttr(ele, NAV_VIEW_ATTR);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function destroyViewEle(ele) {
+    // we found an element that should be removed
+    // destroy its scope, then remove the element
+    if (ele && ele.length) {
+      var viewScope = ele.scope();
+      if (viewScope) {
+        viewScope.$emit('$ionicView.unloaded', ele.data(DATA_VIEW));
+        viewScope.$destroy();
+      }
+      ele.remove();
+    }
+  }
+
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * Parts of Ionic requires that $scope data is attached to the element.
+ * We do not want to disable adding $scope data to the $element when
+ * $compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(false) is used.
+ */
+IonicModule.config(['$provide', function($provide) {
+  $provide.decorator('$compile', ['$delegate', function($compile) {
+     $compile.$$addScopeInfo = function $$addScopeInfo($element, scope, isolated, noTemplate) {
+       var dataName = isolated ? (noTemplate ? '$isolateScopeNoTemplate' : '$isolateScope') : '$scope';
+       $element.data(dataName, scope);
+     };
+     return $compile;
+  }]);
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+IonicModule.config([
+  '$provide',
+function($provide) {
+  function $LocationDecorator($location, $timeout) {
+
+    $location.__hash = $location.hash;
+    //Fix: when window.location.hash is set, the scrollable area
+    //found nearest to body's scrollTop is set to scroll to an element
+    //with that ID.
+    $location.hash = function(value) {
+      if (isDefined(value)) {
+        $timeout(function() {
+          var scroll = document.querySelector('.scroll-content');
+          if (scroll) {
+            scroll.scrollTop = 0;
+          }
+        }, 0, false);
+      }
+      return $location.__hash(value);
+    };
+
+    return $location;
+  }
+
+  $provide.decorator('$location', ['$delegate', '$timeout', $LocationDecorator]);
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+
+.controller('$ionicHeaderBar', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$element',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$q',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+function($scope, $element, $attrs, $q, $ionicConfig, $ionicHistory) {
+  var TITLE = 'title';
+  var BACK_TEXT = 'back-text';
+  var BACK_BUTTON = 'back-button';
+  var DEFAULT_TITLE = 'default-title';
+  var PREVIOUS_TITLE = 'previous-title';
+  var HIDE = 'hide';
+
+  var self = this;
+  var titleText = '';
+  var previousTitleText = '';
+  var titleLeft = 0;
+  var titleRight = 0;
+  var titleCss = '';
+  var isBackEnabled = false;
+  var isBackShown = true;
+  var isNavBackShown = true;
+  var isBackElementShown = false;
+  var titleTextWidth = 0;
+
+
+  self.beforeEnter = function(viewData) {
+    $scope.$broadcast('$ionicView.beforeEnter', viewData);
+  };
+
+
+  self.title = function(newTitleText) {
+    if (arguments.length && newTitleText !== titleText) {
+      getEle(TITLE).innerHTML = newTitleText;
+      titleText = newTitleText;
+      titleTextWidth = 0;
+    }
+    return titleText;
+  };
+
+
+  self.enableBack = function(shouldEnable, disableReset) {
+    // whether or not the back button show be visible, according
+    // to the navigation and history
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      isBackEnabled = shouldEnable;
+      if (!disableReset) self.updateBackButton();
+    }
+    return isBackEnabled;
+  };
+
+
+  self.showBack = function(shouldShow, disableReset) {
+    // different from enableBack() because this will always have the back
+    // visually hidden if false, even if the history says it should show
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      isBackShown = shouldShow;
+      if (!disableReset) self.updateBackButton();
+    }
+    return isBackShown;
+  };
+
+
+  self.showNavBack = function(shouldShow) {
+    // different from showBack() because this is for the entire nav bar's
+    // setting for all of it's child headers. For internal use.
+    isNavBackShown = shouldShow;
+    self.updateBackButton();
+  };
+
+
+  self.updateBackButton = function() {
+    var ele;
+    if ((isBackShown && isNavBackShown && isBackEnabled) !== isBackElementShown) {
+      isBackElementShown = isBackShown && isNavBackShown && isBackEnabled;
+      ele = getEle(BACK_BUTTON);
+      ele && ele.classList[ isBackElementShown ? 'remove' : 'add' ](HIDE);
+    }
+
+    if (isBackEnabled) {
+      ele = ele || getEle(BACK_BUTTON);
+      if (ele) {
+        if (self.backButtonIcon !== $ionicConfig.backButton.icon()) {
+          ele = getEle(BACK_BUTTON + ' .icon');
+          if (ele) {
+            self.backButtonIcon = $ionicConfig.backButton.icon();
+            ele.className = 'icon ' + self.backButtonIcon;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (self.backButtonText !== $ionicConfig.backButton.text()) {
+          ele = getEle(BACK_BUTTON + ' .back-text');
+          if (ele) {
+            ele.textContent = self.backButtonText = $ionicConfig.backButton.text();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.titleTextWidth = function() {
+    if (!titleTextWidth) {
+      var bounds = ionic.DomUtil.getTextBounds(getEle(TITLE));
+      titleTextWidth = Math.min(bounds && bounds.width || 30);
+    }
+    return titleTextWidth;
+  };
+
+
+  self.titleWidth = function() {
+    var titleWidth = self.titleTextWidth();
+    var offsetWidth = getEle(TITLE).offsetWidth;
+    if (offsetWidth < titleWidth) {
+      titleWidth = offsetWidth + (titleLeft - titleRight - 5);
+    }
+    return titleWidth;
+  };
+
+
+  self.titleTextX = function() {
+    return ($element[0].offsetWidth / 2) - (self.titleWidth() / 2);
+  };
+
+
+  self.titleLeftRight = function() {
+    return titleLeft - titleRight;
+  };
+
+
+  self.backButtonTextLeft = function() {
+    var offsetLeft = 0;
+    var ele = getEle(BACK_TEXT);
+    while (ele) {
+      offsetLeft += ele.offsetLeft;
+      ele = ele.parentElement;
+    }
+    return offsetLeft;
+  };
+
+
+  self.resetBackButton = function(viewData) {
+    if ($ionicConfig.backButton.previousTitleText()) {
+      var previousTitleEle = getEle(PREVIOUS_TITLE);
+      if (previousTitleEle) {
+        previousTitleEle.classList.remove(HIDE);
+
+        var view = (viewData && $ionicHistory.getViewById(viewData.viewId));
+        var newPreviousTitleText = $ionicHistory.backTitle(view);
+
+        if (newPreviousTitleText !== previousTitleText) {
+          previousTitleText = previousTitleEle.innerHTML = newPreviousTitleText;
+        }
+      }
+      var defaultTitleEle = getEle(DEFAULT_TITLE);
+      if (defaultTitleEle) {
+        defaultTitleEle.classList.remove(HIDE);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.align = function(textAlign) {
+    var titleEle = getEle(TITLE);
+
+    textAlign = textAlign || $attrs.alignTitle || $ionicConfig.navBar.alignTitle();
+
+    var widths = self.calcWidths(textAlign, false);
+
+    if (isBackShown && previousTitleText && $ionicConfig.backButton.previousTitleText()) {
+      var previousTitleWidths = self.calcWidths(textAlign, true);
+
+      var availableTitleWidth = $element[0].offsetWidth - previousTitleWidths.titleLeft - previousTitleWidths.titleRight;
+
+      if (self.titleTextWidth() <= availableTitleWidth) {
+        widths = previousTitleWidths;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return self.updatePositions(titleEle, widths.titleLeft, widths.titleRight, widths.buttonsLeft, widths.buttonsRight, widths.css, widths.showPrevTitle);
+  };
+
+
+  self.calcWidths = function(textAlign, isPreviousTitle) {
+    var titleEle = getEle(TITLE);
+    var backBtnEle = getEle(BACK_BUTTON);
+    var x, y, z, b, c, d, childSize, bounds;
+    var childNodes = $element[0].childNodes;
+    var buttonsLeft = 0;
+    var buttonsRight = 0;
+    var isCountRightOfTitle;
+    var updateTitleLeft = 0;
+    var updateTitleRight = 0;
+    var updateCss = '';
+    var backButtonWidth = 0;
+
+    // Compute how wide the left children are
+    // Skip all titles (there may still be two titles, one leaving the dom)
+    // Once we encounter a titleEle, realize we are now counting the right-buttons, not left
+    for (x = 0; x < childNodes.length; x++) {
+      c = childNodes[x];
+
+      childSize = 0;
+      if (c.nodeType == 1) {
+        // element node
+        if (c === titleEle) {
+          isCountRightOfTitle = true;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (c.classList.contains(HIDE)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (isBackShown && c === backBtnEle) {
+
+          for (y = 0; y < c.childNodes.length; y++) {
+            b = c.childNodes[y];
+
+            if (b.nodeType == 1) {
+
+              if (b.classList.contains(BACK_TEXT)) {
+                for (z = 0; z < b.children.length; z++) {
+                  d = b.children[z];
+
+                  if (isPreviousTitle) {
+                    if (d.classList.contains(DEFAULT_TITLE)) continue;
+                    backButtonWidth += d.offsetWidth;
+                  } else {
+                    if (d.classList.contains(PREVIOUS_TITLE)) continue;
+                    backButtonWidth += d.offsetWidth;
+                  }
+                }
+
+              } else {
+                backButtonWidth += b.offsetWidth;
+              }
+
+            } else if (b.nodeType == 3 && b.nodeValue.trim()) {
+              bounds = ionic.DomUtil.getTextBounds(b);
+              backButtonWidth += bounds && bounds.width || 0;
+            }
+
+          }
+          childSize = backButtonWidth || c.offsetWidth;
+
+        } else {
+          // not the title, not the back button, not a hidden element
+          childSize = c.offsetWidth;
+        }
+
+      } else if (c.nodeType == 3 && c.nodeValue.trim()) {
+        // text node
+        bounds = ionic.DomUtil.getTextBounds(c);
+        childSize = bounds && bounds.width || 0;
+      }
+
+      if (isCountRightOfTitle) {
+        buttonsRight += childSize;
+      } else {
+        buttonsLeft += childSize;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Size and align the header titleEle based on the sizes of the left and
+    // right children, and the desired alignment mode
+    if (textAlign == 'left') {
+      updateCss = 'title-left';
+      if (buttonsLeft) {
+        updateTitleLeft = buttonsLeft + 15;
+      }
+      if (buttonsRight) {
+        updateTitleRight = buttonsRight + 15;
+      }
+
+    } else if (textAlign == 'right') {
+      updateCss = 'title-right';
+      if (buttonsLeft) {
+        updateTitleLeft = buttonsLeft + 15;
+      }
+      if (buttonsRight) {
+        updateTitleRight = buttonsRight + 15;
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      // center the default
+      var margin = Math.max(buttonsLeft, buttonsRight) + 10;
+      if (margin > 10) {
+        updateTitleLeft = updateTitleRight = margin;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      backButtonWidth: backButtonWidth,
+      buttonsLeft: buttonsLeft,
+      buttonsRight: buttonsRight,
+      titleLeft: updateTitleLeft,
+      titleRight: updateTitleRight,
+      showPrevTitle: isPreviousTitle,
+      css: updateCss
+    };
+  };
+
+
+  self.updatePositions = function(titleEle, updateTitleLeft, updateTitleRight, buttonsLeft, buttonsRight, updateCss, showPreviousTitle) {
+    var deferred = $q.defer();
+
+    // only make DOM updates when there are actual changes
+    if (titleEle) {
+      if (updateTitleLeft !== titleLeft) {
+        titleEle.style.left = updateTitleLeft ? updateTitleLeft + 'px' : '';
+        titleLeft = updateTitleLeft;
+      }
+      if (updateTitleRight !== titleRight) {
+        titleEle.style.right = updateTitleRight ? updateTitleRight + 'px' : '';
+        titleRight = updateTitleRight;
+      }
+
+      if (updateCss !== titleCss) {
+        updateCss && titleEle.classList.add(updateCss);
+        titleCss && titleEle.classList.remove(titleCss);
+        titleCss = updateCss;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ($ionicConfig.backButton.previousTitleText()) {
+      var prevTitle = getEle(PREVIOUS_TITLE);
+      var defaultTitle = getEle(DEFAULT_TITLE);
+
+      prevTitle && prevTitle.classList[ showPreviousTitle ? 'remove' : 'add'](HIDE);
+      defaultTitle && defaultTitle.classList[ showPreviousTitle ? 'add' : 'remove'](HIDE);
+    }
+
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      if (titleEle && titleEle.offsetWidth + 10 < titleEle.scrollWidth) {
+        var minRight = buttonsRight + 5;
+        var testRight = $element[0].offsetWidth - titleLeft - self.titleTextWidth() - 20;
+        updateTitleRight = testRight < minRight ? minRight : testRight;
+        if (updateTitleRight !== titleRight) {
+          titleEle.style.right = updateTitleRight + 'px';
+          titleRight = updateTitleRight;
+        }
+      }
+      deferred.resolve();
+    });
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  };
+
+
+  self.setCss = function(elementClassname, css) {
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedStyles(getEle(elementClassname), css);
+  };
+
+
+  var eleCache = {};
+  function getEle(className) {
+    if (!eleCache[className]) {
+      eleCache[className] = $element[0].querySelector('.' + className);
+    }
+    return eleCache[className];
+  }
+
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    for (var n in eleCache) eleCache[n] = null;
+  });
+
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionInfiniteScroll', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$element',
+  '$timeout',
+function($scope, $attrs, $element, $timeout) {
+  var self = this;
+  self.isLoading = false;
+
+  $scope.icon = function() {
+    return isDefined($attrs.icon) ? $attrs.icon : 'ion-load-d';
+  };
+
+  $scope.spinner = function() {
+    return isDefined($attrs.spinner) ? $attrs.spinner : '';
+  };
+
+  $scope.$on('scroll.infiniteScrollComplete', function() {
+    finishInfiniteScroll();
+  });
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    if (self.scrollCtrl && self.scrollCtrl.$element) self.scrollCtrl.$element.off('scroll', self.checkBounds);
+    if (self.scrollEl && self.scrollEl.removeEventListener) {
+      self.scrollEl.removeEventListener('scroll', self.checkBounds);
+    }
+  });
+
+  // debounce checking infinite scroll events
+  self.checkBounds = ionic.Utils.throttle(checkInfiniteBounds, 300);
+
+  function onInfinite() {
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      $element[0].classList.add('active');
+    });
+    self.isLoading = true;
+    $scope.$parent && $scope.$parent.$apply($attrs.onInfinite || '');
+  }
+
+  function finishInfiniteScroll() {
+    ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+      $element[0].classList.remove('active');
+    });
+    $timeout(function() {
+      if (self.jsScrolling) self.scrollView.resize();
+      // only check bounds again immediately if the page isn't cached (scroll el has height)
+      if (self.scrollView.__container && self.scrollView.__container.offsetHeight > 0) {
+        self.checkBounds();
+      }
+    }, 30, false);
+    self.isLoading = false;
+  }
+
+  // check if we've scrolled far enough to trigger an infinite scroll
+  function checkInfiniteBounds() {
+    if (self.isLoading) return;
+    var maxScroll = {};
+
+    if (self.jsScrolling) {
+      maxScroll = self.getJSMaxScroll();
+      var scrollValues = self.scrollView.getValues();
+      if ((maxScroll.left !== -1 && scrollValues.left >= maxScroll.left) ||
+        (maxScroll.top !== -1 && scrollValues.top >= maxScroll.top)) {
+        onInfinite();
+      }
+    } else {
+      maxScroll = self.getNativeMaxScroll();
+      if ((
+        maxScroll.left !== -1 &&
+        self.scrollEl.scrollLeft >= maxScroll.left - self.scrollEl.clientWidth
+        ) || (
+        maxScroll.top !== -1 &&
+        self.scrollEl.scrollTop >= maxScroll.top - self.scrollEl.clientHeight
+        )) {
+        onInfinite();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // determine the threshold at which we should fire an infinite scroll
+  // note: this gets processed every scroll event, can it be cached?
+  self.getJSMaxScroll = function() {
+    var maxValues = self.scrollView.getScrollMax();
+    return {
+      left: self.scrollView.options.scrollingX ?
+        calculateMaxValue(maxValues.left) :
+        -1,
+      top: self.scrollView.options.scrollingY ?
+        calculateMaxValue(maxValues.top) :
+        -1
+    };
+  };
+
+  self.getNativeMaxScroll = function() {
+    var maxValues = {
+      left: self.scrollEl.scrollWidth,
+      top: self.scrollEl.scrollHeight
+    };
+    var computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(self.scrollEl) || {};
+    return {
+      left: computedStyle.overflowX === 'scroll' ||
+      computedStyle.overflowX === 'auto' ||
+      self.scrollEl.style['overflow-x'] === 'scroll' ?
+        calculateMaxValue(maxValues.left) : -1,
+      top: computedStyle.overflowY === 'scroll' ||
+      computedStyle.overflowY === 'auto' ||
+      self.scrollEl.style['overflow-y'] === 'scroll' ?
+        calculateMaxValue(maxValues.top) : -1
+    };
+  };
+
+  // determine pixel refresh distance based on % or value
+  function calculateMaxValue(maximum) {
+    var distance = ($attrs.distance || '2.5%').trim();
+    var isPercent = distance.indexOf('%') !== -1;
+    return isPercent ?
+    maximum * (1 - parseFloat(distance) / 100) :
+    maximum - parseFloat(distance);
+  }
+
+  //for testing
+  self.__finishInfiniteScroll = finishInfiniteScroll;
+
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name $ionicListDelegate
+ * @module ionic
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Delegate for controlling the {@link ionic.directive:ionList} directive.
+ *
+ * Methods called directly on the $ionicListDelegate service will control all lists.
+ * Use the {@link ionic.service:$ionicListDelegate#$getByHandle $getByHandle}
+ * method to control specific ionList instances.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ````html
+ * <ion-content ng-controller="MyCtrl">
+ *   <button class="button" ng-click="showDeleteButtons()"></button>
+ *   <ion-list>
+ *     <ion-item ng-repeat="i in items">
+ *       {% raw %}Hello, {{i}}!{% endraw %}
+ *       <ion-delete-button class="ion-minus-circled"></ion-delete-button>
+ *     </ion-item>
+ *   </ion-list>
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MyCtrl($scope, $ionicListDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.showDeleteButtons = function() {
+ *     $ionicListDelegate.showDelete(true);
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule.service('$ionicListDelegate', ionic.DelegateService([
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicListDelegate#showReorder
+   * @param {boolean=} showReorder Set whether or not this list is showing its reorder buttons.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the reorder buttons are shown.
+   */
+  'showReorder',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicListDelegate#showDelete
+   * @param {boolean=} showDelete Set whether or not this list is showing its delete buttons.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the delete buttons are shown.
+   */
+  'showDelete',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicListDelegate#canSwipeItems
+   * @param {boolean=} canSwipeItems Set whether or not this list is able to swipe to show
+   * option buttons.
+   * @returns {boolean} Whether the list is able to swipe to show option buttons.
+   */
+  'canSwipeItems',
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicListDelegate#closeOptionButtons
+   * @description Closes any option buttons on the list that are swiped open.
+   */
+  'closeOptionButtons'
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicListDelegate#$getByHandle
+   * @param {string} handle
+   * @returns `delegateInstance` A delegate instance that controls only the
+   * {@link ionic.directive:ionList} directives with `delegate-handle` matching
+   * the given handle.
+   *
+   * Example: `$ionicListDelegate.$getByHandle('my-handle').showReorder(true);`
+   */
+]))
+
+.controller('$ionicList', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$ionicListDelegate',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+function($scope, $attrs, $ionicListDelegate, $ionicHistory) {
+  var self = this;
+  var isSwipeable = true;
+  var isReorderShown = false;
+  var isDeleteShown = false;
+
+  var deregisterInstance = $ionicListDelegate._registerInstance(
+    self, $attrs.delegateHandle, function() {
+      return $ionicHistory.isActiveScope($scope);
+    }
+  );
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', deregisterInstance);
+
+  self.showReorder = function(show) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      isReorderShown = !!show;
+    }
+    return isReorderShown;
+  };
+
+  self.showDelete = function(show) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      isDeleteShown = !!show;
+    }
+    return isDeleteShown;
+  };
+
+  self.canSwipeItems = function(can) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      isSwipeable = !!can;
+    }
+    return isSwipeable;
+  };
+
+  self.closeOptionButtons = function() {
+    self.listView && self.listView.clearDragEffects();
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+
+.controller('$ionicNavBar', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$element',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$compile',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$ionicNavBarDelegate',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+function($scope, $element, $attrs, $compile, $timeout, $ionicNavBarDelegate, $ionicConfig, $ionicHistory) {
+
+  var CSS_HIDE = 'hide';
+  var DATA_NAV_BAR_CTRL = '$ionNavBarController';
+  var PRIMARY_BUTTONS = 'primaryButtons';
+  var SECONDARY_BUTTONS = 'secondaryButtons';
+  var BACK_BUTTON = 'backButton';
+  var ITEM_TYPES = 'primaryButtons secondaryButtons leftButtons rightButtons title'.split(' ');
+
+  var self = this;
+  var headerBars = [];
+  var navElementHtml = {};
+  var isVisible = true;
+  var queuedTransitionStart, queuedTransitionEnd, latestTransitionId;
+
+  $element.parent().data(DATA_NAV_BAR_CTRL, self);
+
+  var delegateHandle = $attrs.delegateHandle || 'navBar' + ionic.Utils.nextUid();
+
+  var deregisterInstance = $ionicNavBarDelegate._registerInstance(self, delegateHandle);
+
+
+  self.init = function() {
+    $element.addClass('nav-bar-container');
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr($element, 'nav-bar-transition', $ionicConfig.views.transition());
+
+    // create two nav bar blocks which will trade out which one is shown
+    self.createHeaderBar(false);
+    self.createHeaderBar(true);
+
+    $scope.$emit('ionNavBar.init', delegateHandle);
+  };
+
+
+  self.createHeaderBar = function(isActive) {
+    var containerEle = jqLite('<div class="nav-bar-block">');
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr(containerEle, 'nav-bar', isActive ? 'active' : 'cached');
+
+    var alignTitle = $attrs.alignTitle || $ionicConfig.navBar.alignTitle();
+    var headerBarEle = jqLite('<ion-header-bar>').addClass($attrs['class']).attr('align-title', alignTitle);
+    if (isDefined($attrs.noTapScroll)) headerBarEle.attr('no-tap-scroll', $attrs.noTapScroll);
+    var titleEle = jqLite('<div class="title title-' + alignTitle + '">');
+    var navEle = {};
+    var lastViewItemEle = {};
+    var leftButtonsEle, rightButtonsEle;
+
+    navEle[BACK_BUTTON] = createNavElement(BACK_BUTTON);
+    navEle[BACK_BUTTON] && headerBarEle.append(navEle[BACK_BUTTON]);
+
+    // append title in the header, this is the rock to where buttons append
+    headerBarEle.append(titleEle);
+
+    forEach(ITEM_TYPES, function(itemType) {
+      // create default button elements
+      navEle[itemType] = createNavElement(itemType);
+      // append and position buttons
+      positionItem(navEle[itemType], itemType);
+    });
+
+    // add header-item to the root children
+    for (var x = 0; x < headerBarEle[0].children.length; x++) {
+      headerBarEle[0].children[x].classList.add('header-item');
+    }
+
+    // compile header and append to the DOM
+    containerEle.append(headerBarEle);
+    $element.append($compile(containerEle)($scope.$new()));
+
+    var headerBarCtrl = headerBarEle.data('$ionHeaderBarController');
+    headerBarCtrl.backButtonIcon = $ionicConfig.backButton.icon();
+    headerBarCtrl.backButtonText = $ionicConfig.backButton.text();
+
+    var headerBarInstance = {
+      isActive: isActive,
+      title: function(newTitleText) {
+        headerBarCtrl.title(newTitleText);
+      },
+      setItem: function(navBarItemEle, itemType) {
+        // first make sure any exiting nav bar item has been removed
+        headerBarInstance.removeItem(itemType);
+
+        if (navBarItemEle) {
+          if (itemType === 'title') {
+            // clear out the text based title
+            headerBarInstance.title("");
+          }
+
+          // there's a custom nav bar item
+          positionItem(navBarItemEle, itemType);
+
+          if (navEle[itemType]) {
+            // make sure the default on this itemType is hidden
+            navEle[itemType].addClass(CSS_HIDE);
+          }
+          lastViewItemEle[itemType] = navBarItemEle;
+
+        } else if (navEle[itemType]) {
+          // there's a default button for this side and no view button
+          navEle[itemType].removeClass(CSS_HIDE);
+        }
+      },
+      removeItem: function(itemType) {
+        if (lastViewItemEle[itemType]) {
+          lastViewItemEle[itemType].scope().$destroy();
+          lastViewItemEle[itemType].remove();
+          lastViewItemEle[itemType] = null;
+        }
+      },
+      containerEle: function() {
+        return containerEle;
+      },
+      headerBarEle: function() {
+        return headerBarEle;
+      },
+      afterLeave: function() {
+        forEach(ITEM_TYPES, function(itemType) {
+          headerBarInstance.removeItem(itemType);
+        });
+        headerBarCtrl.resetBackButton();
+      },
+      controller: function() {
+        return headerBarCtrl;
+      },
+      destroy: function() {
+        forEach(ITEM_TYPES, function(itemType) {
+          headerBarInstance.removeItem(itemType);
+        });
+        containerEle.scope().$destroy();
+        for (var n in navEle) {
+          if (navEle[n]) {
+            navEle[n].removeData();
+            navEle[n] = null;
+          }
+        }
+        leftButtonsEle && leftButtonsEle.removeData();
+        rightButtonsEle && rightButtonsEle.removeData();
+        titleEle.removeData();
+        headerBarEle.removeData();
+        containerEle.remove();
+        containerEle = headerBarEle = titleEle = leftButtonsEle = rightButtonsEle = null;
+      }
+    };
+
+    function positionItem(ele, itemType) {
+      if (!ele) return;
+
+      if (itemType === 'title') {
+        // title element
+        titleEle.append(ele);
+
+      } else if (itemType == 'rightButtons' ||
+                (itemType == SECONDARY_BUTTONS && $ionicConfig.navBar.positionSecondaryButtons() != 'left') ||
+                (itemType == PRIMARY_BUTTONS && $ionicConfig.navBar.positionPrimaryButtons() == 'right')) {
+        // right side
+        if (!rightButtonsEle) {
+          rightButtonsEle = jqLite('<div class="buttons buttons-right">');
+          headerBarEle.append(rightButtonsEle);
+        }
+        if (itemType == SECONDARY_BUTTONS) {
+          rightButtonsEle.append(ele);
+        } else {
+          rightButtonsEle.prepend(ele);
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        // left side
+        if (!leftButtonsEle) {
+          leftButtonsEle = jqLite('<div class="buttons buttons-left">');
+          if (navEle[BACK_BUTTON]) {
+            navEle[BACK_BUTTON].after(leftButtonsEle);
+          } else {
+            headerBarEle.prepend(leftButtonsEle);
+          }
+        }
+        if (itemType == SECONDARY_BUTTONS) {
+          leftButtonsEle.append(ele);
+        } else {
+          leftButtonsEle.prepend(ele);
+        }
+      }
+
+    }
+
+    headerBars.push(headerBarInstance);
+
+    return headerBarInstance;
+  };
+
+
+  self.navElement = function(type, html) {
+    if (isDefined(html)) {
+      navElementHtml[type] = html;
+    }
+    return navElementHtml[type];
+  };
+
+
+  self.update = function(viewData) {
+    var showNavBar = !viewData.hasHeaderBar && viewData.showNavBar;
+    viewData.transition = $ionicConfig.views.transition();
+
+    if (!showNavBar) {
+      viewData.direction = 'none';
+    }
+
+    self.enable(showNavBar);
+    var enteringHeaderBar = self.isInitialized ? getOffScreenHeaderBar() : getOnScreenHeaderBar();
+    var leavingHeaderBar = self.isInitialized ? getOnScreenHeaderBar() : null;
+    var enteringHeaderCtrl = enteringHeaderBar.controller();
+
+    // update if the entering header should show the back button or not
+    enteringHeaderCtrl.enableBack(viewData.enableBack, true);
+    enteringHeaderCtrl.showBack(viewData.showBack, true);
+    enteringHeaderCtrl.updateBackButton();
+
+    // update the entering header bar's title
+    self.title(viewData.title, enteringHeaderBar);
+
+    self.showBar(showNavBar);
+
+    // update the nav bar items, depending if the view has their own or not
+    if (viewData.navBarItems) {
+      forEach(ITEM_TYPES, function(itemType) {
+        enteringHeaderBar.setItem(viewData.navBarItems[itemType], itemType);
+      });
+    }
+
+    // begin transition of entering and leaving header bars
+    self.transition(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, viewData);
+
+    self.isInitialized = true;
+    navSwipeAttr('');
+  };
+
+
+  self.transition = function(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, viewData) {
+    var enteringHeaderBarCtrl = enteringHeaderBar.controller();
+    var transitionFn = $ionicConfig.transitions.navBar[viewData.navBarTransition] || $ionicConfig.transitions.navBar.none;
+    var transitionId = viewData.transitionId;
+
+    enteringHeaderBarCtrl.beforeEnter(viewData);
+
+    var navBarTransition = transitionFn(enteringHeaderBar, leavingHeaderBar, viewData.direction, viewData.shouldAnimate && self.isInitialized);
+
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr($element, 'nav-bar-transition', viewData.navBarTransition);
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr($element, 'nav-bar-direction', viewData.direction);
+
+    if (navBarTransition.shouldAnimate && viewData.renderEnd) {
+      navBarAttr(enteringHeaderBar, 'stage');
+    } else {
+      navBarAttr(enteringHeaderBar, 'entering');
+      navBarAttr(leavingHeaderBar, 'leaving');
+    }
+
+    enteringHeaderBarCtrl.resetBackButton(viewData);
+
+    navBarTransition.run(0);
+
+    self.activeTransition = {
+      run: function(step) {
+        navBarTransition.shouldAnimate = false;
+        navBarTransition.direction = 'back';
+        navBarTransition.run(step);
+      },
+      cancel: function(shouldAnimate, speed, cancelData) {
+        navSwipeAttr(speed);
+        navBarAttr(leavingHeaderBar, 'active');
+        navBarAttr(enteringHeaderBar, 'cached');
+        navBarTransition.shouldAnimate = shouldAnimate;
+        navBarTransition.run(0);
+        self.activeTransition = navBarTransition = null;
+
+        var runApply;
+        if (cancelData.showBar !== self.showBar()) {
+          self.showBar(cancelData.showBar);
+        }
+        if (cancelData.showBackButton !== self.showBackButton()) {
+          self.showBackButton(cancelData.showBackButton);
+        }
+        if (runApply) {
+          $scope.$apply();
+        }
+      },
+      complete: function(shouldAnimate, speed) {
+        navSwipeAttr(speed);
+        navBarTransition.shouldAnimate = shouldAnimate;
+        navBarTransition.run(1);
+        queuedTransitionEnd = transitionEnd;
+      }
+    };
+
+    $timeout(enteringHeaderBarCtrl.align, 16);
+
+    queuedTransitionStart = function() {
+      if (latestTransitionId !== transitionId) return;
+
+      navBarAttr(enteringHeaderBar, 'entering');
+      navBarAttr(leavingHeaderBar, 'leaving');
+
+      navBarTransition.run(1);
+
+      queuedTransitionEnd = function() {
+        if (latestTransitionId == transitionId || !navBarTransition.shouldAnimate) {
+          transitionEnd();
+        }
+      };
+
+      queuedTransitionStart = null;
+    };
+
+    function transitionEnd() {
+      for (var x = 0; x < headerBars.length; x++) {
+        headerBars[x].isActive = false;
+      }
+      enteringHeaderBar.isActive = true;
+
+      navBarAttr(enteringHeaderBar, 'active');
+      navBarAttr(leavingHeaderBar, 'cached');
+
+      self.activeTransition = navBarTransition = queuedTransitionEnd = null;
+    }
+
+    queuedTransitionStart();
+  };
+
+
+  self.triggerTransitionStart = function(triggerTransitionId) {
+    latestTransitionId = triggerTransitionId;
+    queuedTransitionStart && queuedTransitionStart();
+  };
+
+
+  self.triggerTransitionEnd = function() {
+    queuedTransitionEnd && queuedTransitionEnd();
+  };
+
+
+  self.showBar = function(shouldShow) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      self.visibleBar(shouldShow);
+      $scope.$parent.$hasHeader = !!shouldShow;
+    }
+    return !!$scope.$parent.$hasHeader;
+  };
+
+
+  self.visibleBar = function(shouldShow) {
+    if (shouldShow && !isVisible) {
+      $element.removeClass(CSS_HIDE);
+      self.align();
+    } else if (!shouldShow && isVisible) {
+      $element.addClass(CSS_HIDE);
+    }
+    isVisible = shouldShow;
+  };
+
+
+  self.enable = function(val) {
+    // set primary to show first
+    self.visibleBar(val);
+
+    // set non primary to hide second
+    for (var x = 0; x < $ionicNavBarDelegate._instances.length; x++) {
+      if ($ionicNavBarDelegate._instances[x] !== self) $ionicNavBarDelegate._instances[x].visibleBar(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavBar#showBackButton
+   * @description Show/hide the nav bar back button when there is a
+   * back view. If the back button is not possible, for example, the
+   * first view in the stack, then this will not force the back button
+   * to show.
+   */
+  self.showBackButton = function(shouldShow) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      for (var x = 0; x < headerBars.length; x++) {
+        headerBars[x].controller().showNavBack(!!shouldShow);
+      }
+      $scope.$isBackButtonShown = !!shouldShow;
+    }
+    return $scope.$isBackButtonShown;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavBar#showActiveBackButton
+   * @description Show/hide only the active header bar's back button.
+   */
+  self.showActiveBackButton = function(shouldShow) {
+    var headerBar = getOnScreenHeaderBar();
+    if (headerBar) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        return headerBar.controller().showBack(shouldShow);
+      }
+      return headerBar.controller().showBack();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.title = function(newTitleText, headerBar) {
+    if (isDefined(newTitleText)) {
+      newTitleText = newTitleText || '';
+      headerBar = headerBar || getOnScreenHeaderBar();
+      headerBar && headerBar.title(newTitleText);
+      $scope.$title = newTitleText;
+      $ionicHistory.currentTitle(newTitleText);
+    }
+    return $scope.$title;
+  };
+
+
+  self.align = function(val, headerBar) {
+    headerBar = headerBar || getOnScreenHeaderBar();
+    headerBar && headerBar.controller().align(val);
+  };
+
+
+  self.hasTabsTop = function(isTabsTop) {
+    $element[isTabsTop ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass']('nav-bar-tabs-top');
+  };
+
+  self.hasBarSubheader = function(isBarSubheader) {
+    $element[isBarSubheader ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass']('nav-bar-has-subheader');
+  };
+
+  // DEPRECATED, as of v1.0.0-beta14 -------
+  self.changeTitle = function(val) {
+    deprecatedWarning('changeTitle(val)', 'title(val)');
+    self.title(val);
+  };
+  self.setTitle = function(val) {
+    deprecatedWarning('setTitle(val)', 'title(val)');
+    self.title(val);
+  };
+  self.getTitle = function() {
+    deprecatedWarning('getTitle()', 'title()');
+    return self.title();
+  };
+  self.back = function() {
+    deprecatedWarning('back()', '$ionicHistory.goBack()');
+    $ionicHistory.goBack();
+  };
+  self.getPreviousTitle = function() {
+    deprecatedWarning('getPreviousTitle()', '$ionicHistory.backTitle()');
+    $ionicHistory.goBack();
+  };
+  function deprecatedWarning(oldMethod, newMethod) {
+    var warn = console.warn || console.log;
+    warn && warn.call(console, 'navBarController.' + oldMethod + ' is deprecated, please use ' + newMethod + ' instead');
+  }
+  // END DEPRECATED -------
+
+
+  function createNavElement(type) {
+    if (navElementHtml[type]) {
+      return jqLite(navElementHtml[type]);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  function getOnScreenHeaderBar() {
+    for (var x = 0; x < headerBars.length; x++) {
+      if (headerBars[x].isActive) return headerBars[x];
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  function getOffScreenHeaderBar() {
+    for (var x = 0; x < headerBars.length; x++) {
+      if (!headerBars[x].isActive) return headerBars[x];
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  function navBarAttr(ctrl, val) {
+    ctrl && ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr(ctrl.containerEle(), 'nav-bar', val);
+  }
+
+  function navSwipeAttr(val) {
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr($element, 'nav-swipe', val);
+  }
+
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    $scope.$parent.$hasHeader = false;
+    $element.parent().removeData(DATA_NAV_BAR_CTRL);
+    for (var x = 0; x < headerBars.length; x++) {
+      headerBars[x].destroy();
+    }
+    $element.remove();
+    $element = headerBars = null;
+    deregisterInstance();
+  });
+
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionicNavView', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$element',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$compile',
+  '$controller',
+  '$ionicNavBarDelegate',
+  '$ionicNavViewDelegate',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+  '$ionicViewSwitcher',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+  '$ionicScrollDelegate',
+function($scope, $element, $attrs, $compile, $controller, $ionicNavBarDelegate, $ionicNavViewDelegate, $ionicHistory, $ionicViewSwitcher, $ionicConfig, $ionicScrollDelegate) {
+
+  var DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER = '$eleId';
+  var DATA_DESTROY_ELE = '$destroyEle';
+  var DATA_NO_CACHE = '$noCache';
+  var VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE = 'active';
+  var VIEW_STATUS_CACHED = 'cached';
+
+  var self = this;
+  var direction;
+  var isPrimary = false;
+  var navBarDelegate;
+  var activeEleId;
+  var navViewAttr = $ionicViewSwitcher.navViewAttr;
+  var disableRenderStartViewId, disableAnimation;
+
+  self.scope = $scope;
+  self.element = $element;
+
+  self.init = function() {
+    var navViewName = $attrs.name || '';
+
+    // Find the details of the parent view directive (if any) and use it
+    // to derive our own qualified view name, then hang our own details
+    // off the DOM so child directives can find it.
+    var parent = $element.parent().inheritedData('$uiView');
+    var parentViewName = ((parent && parent.state) ? parent.state.name : '');
+    if (navViewName.indexOf('@') < 0) navViewName = navViewName + '@' + parentViewName;
+
+    var viewData = { name: navViewName, state: null };
+    $element.data('$uiView', viewData);
+
+    var deregisterInstance = $ionicNavViewDelegate._registerInstance(self, $attrs.delegateHandle);
+    $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      deregisterInstance();
+
+      // ensure no scrolls have been left frozen
+      if (self.isSwipeFreeze) {
+        $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(false);
+      }
+    });
+
+    $scope.$on('$ionicHistory.deselect', self.cacheCleanup);
+    $scope.$on('$ionicTabs.top', onTabsTop);
+    $scope.$on('$ionicSubheader', onBarSubheader);
+
+    $scope.$on('$ionicTabs.beforeLeave', onTabsLeave);
+    $scope.$on('$ionicTabs.afterLeave', onTabsLeave);
+    $scope.$on('$ionicTabs.leave', onTabsLeave);
+
+    ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+      if (ionic.Platform.isWebView() && $ionicConfig.views.swipeBackEnabled()) {
+        self.initSwipeBack();
+      }
+    });
+
+    return viewData;
+  };
+
+
+  self.register = function(viewLocals) {
+    var leavingView = extend({}, $ionicHistory.currentView());
+
+    // register that a view is coming in and get info on how it should transition
+    var registerData = $ionicHistory.register($scope, viewLocals);
+
+    // update which direction
+    self.update(registerData);
+
+    // begin rendering and transitioning
+    var enteringView = $ionicHistory.getViewById(registerData.viewId) || {};
+
+    var renderStart = (disableRenderStartViewId !== registerData.viewId);
+    self.render(registerData, viewLocals, enteringView, leavingView, renderStart, true);
+  };
+
+
+  self.update = function(registerData) {
+    // always reset that this is the primary navView
+    isPrimary = true;
+
+    // remember what direction this navView should use
+    // this may get updated later by a child navView
+    direction = registerData.direction;
+
+    var parentNavViewCtrl = $element.parent().inheritedData('$ionNavViewController');
+    if (parentNavViewCtrl) {
+      // this navView is nested inside another one
+      // update the parent to use this direction and not
+      // the other it originally was set to
+
+      // inform the parent navView that it is not the primary navView
+      parentNavViewCtrl.isPrimary(false);
+
+      if (direction === 'enter' || direction === 'exit') {
+        // they're entering/exiting a history
+        // find parent navViewController
+        parentNavViewCtrl.direction(direction);
+
+        if (direction === 'enter') {
+          // reset the direction so this navView doesn't animate
+          // because it's parent will
+          direction = 'none';
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.render = function(registerData, viewLocals, enteringView, leavingView, renderStart, renderEnd) {
+    // register the view and figure out where it lives in the various
+    // histories and nav stacks, along with how views should enter/leave
+    var switcher = $ionicViewSwitcher.create(self, viewLocals, enteringView, leavingView, renderStart, renderEnd);
+
+    // init the rendering of views for this navView directive
+    switcher.init(registerData, function() {
+      // the view is now compiled, in the dom and linked, now lets transition the views.
+      // this uses a callback incase THIS nav-view has a nested nav-view, and after the NESTED
+      // nav-view links, the NESTED nav-view would update which direction THIS nav-view should use
+
+      // kick off the transition of views
+      switcher.transition(self.direction(), registerData.enableBack, !disableAnimation);
+
+      // reset private vars for next time
+      disableRenderStartViewId = disableAnimation = null;
+    });
+
+  };
+
+
+  self.beforeEnter = function(transitionData) {
+    if (isPrimary) {
+      // only update this nav-view's nav-bar if this is the primary nav-view
+      navBarDelegate = transitionData.navBarDelegate;
+      var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+      associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.update(transitionData);
+      navSwipeAttr('');
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.activeEleId = function(eleId) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      activeEleId = eleId;
+    }
+    return activeEleId;
+  };
+
+
+  self.transitionEnd = function() {
+    var viewElements = $element.children();
+    var x, l, viewElement;
+
+    for (x = 0, l = viewElements.length; x < l; x++) {
+      viewElement = viewElements.eq(x);
+
+      if (viewElement.data(DATA_ELE_IDENTIFIER) === activeEleId) {
+        // this is the active element
+        navViewAttr(viewElement, VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE);
+
+      } else if (navViewAttr(viewElement) === 'leaving' || navViewAttr(viewElement) === VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE || navViewAttr(viewElement) === VIEW_STATUS_CACHED) {
+        // this is a leaving element or was the former active element, or is an cached element
+        if (viewElement.data(DATA_DESTROY_ELE) || viewElement.data(DATA_NO_CACHE)) {
+          // this element shouldn't stay cached
+          $ionicViewSwitcher.destroyViewEle(viewElement);
+
+        } else {
+          // keep in the DOM, mark as cached
+          navViewAttr(viewElement, VIEW_STATUS_CACHED);
+
+          // disconnect the leaving scope
+          ionic.Utils.disconnectScope(viewElement.scope());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    navSwipeAttr('');
+
+    // ensure no scrolls have been left frozen
+    if (self.isSwipeFreeze) {
+      $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  function onTabsLeave(ev, data) {
+    var viewElements = $element.children();
+    var viewElement, viewScope;
+
+    for (var x = 0, l = viewElements.length; x < l; x++) {
+      viewElement = viewElements.eq(x);
+      if (navViewAttr(viewElement) == VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE) {
+        viewScope = viewElement.scope();
+        viewScope && viewScope.$emit(ev.name.replace('Tabs', 'View'), data);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  self.cacheCleanup = function() {
+    var viewElements = $element.children();
+    for (var x = 0, l = viewElements.length; x < l; x++) {
+      if (viewElements.eq(x).data(DATA_DESTROY_ELE)) {
+        $ionicViewSwitcher.destroyViewEle(viewElements.eq(x));
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.clearCache = function() {
+    var viewElements = $element.children();
+    var viewElement, viewScope;
+
+    for (var x = 0, l = viewElements.length; x < l; x++) {
+      viewElement = viewElements.eq(x);
+      if (navViewAttr(viewElement) == VIEW_STATUS_CACHED) {
+        $ionicViewSwitcher.destroyViewEle(viewElement);
+      } else if (navViewAttr(viewElement) == VIEW_STATUS_ACTIVE) {
+        viewScope = viewElement.scope();
+        viewScope && viewScope.$broadcast('$ionicView.clearCache');
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  self.getViewElements = function() {
+    return $element.children();
+  };
+
+
+  self.appendViewElement = function(viewEle, viewLocals) {
+    // compile the entering element and get the link function
+    var linkFn = $compile(viewEle);
+
+    $element.append(viewEle);
+
+    var viewScope = $scope.$new();
+
+    if (viewLocals && viewLocals.$$controller) {
+      viewLocals.$scope = viewScope;
+      var controller = $controller(viewLocals.$$controller, viewLocals);
+      $element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
+    }
+
+    linkFn(viewScope);
+
+    return viewScope;
+  };
+
+
+  self.title = function(val) {
+    var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+    associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.title(val);
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavView#enableBackButton
+   * @description Enable/disable if the back button can be shown or not. For
+   * example, the very first view in the navigation stack would not have a
+   * back view, so the back button would be disabled.
+   */
+  self.enableBackButton = function(shouldEnable) {
+    var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+    associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.enableBackButton(shouldEnable);
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name $ionicNavView#showBackButton
+   * @description Show/hide the nav bar active back button. If the back button
+   * is not possible this will not force the back button to show. The
+   * `enableBackButton()` method handles if a back button is even possible or not.
+   */
+  self.showBackButton = function(shouldShow) {
+    var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+    if (associatedNavBarCtrl) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        return associatedNavBarCtrl.showActiveBackButton(shouldShow);
+      }
+      return associatedNavBarCtrl.showActiveBackButton();
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+
+
+  self.showBar = function(val) {
+    var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+    if (associatedNavBarCtrl) {
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        return associatedNavBarCtrl.showBar(val);
+      }
+      return associatedNavBarCtrl.showBar();
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+
+
+  self.isPrimary = function(val) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      isPrimary = val;
+    }
+    return isPrimary;
+  };
+
+
+  self.direction = function(val) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      direction = val;
+    }
+    return direction;
+  };
+
+
+  self.initSwipeBack = function() {
+    var swipeBackHitWidth = $ionicConfig.views.swipeBackHitWidth();
+    var viewTransition, associatedNavBarCtrl, backView;
+    var deregDragStart, deregDrag, deregRelease;
+    var windowWidth, startDragX, dragPoints;
+    var cancelData = {};
+
+    function onDragStart(ev) {
+      if (!isPrimary) return;
+
+      startDragX = getDragX(ev);
+      if (startDragX > swipeBackHitWidth) return;
+
+      backView = $ionicHistory.backView();
+
+      var currentView = $ionicHistory.currentView();
+
+      if (!backView || backView.historyId !== currentView.historyId || currentView.canSwipeBack === false) return;
+
+      if (!windowWidth) windowWidth = window.innerWidth;
+
+      self.isSwipeFreeze = $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(true);
+
+      var registerData = {
+        direction: 'back'
+      };
+
+      dragPoints = [];
+
+      cancelData = {
+        showBar: self.showBar(),
+        showBackButton: self.showBackButton()
+      };
+
+      var switcher = $ionicViewSwitcher.create(self, registerData, backView, currentView, true, false);
+      switcher.loadViewElements(registerData);
+      switcher.render(registerData);
+
+      viewTransition = switcher.transition('back', $ionicHistory.enabledBack(backView), true);
+
+      associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+
+      deregDrag = ionic.onGesture('drag', onDrag, $element[0]);
+      deregRelease = ionic.onGesture('release', onRelease, $element[0]);
+    }
+
+    function onDrag(ev) {
+      if (isPrimary && viewTransition) {
+        var dragX = getDragX(ev);
+
+        dragPoints.push({
+          t: Date.now(),
+          x: dragX
+        });
+
+        if (dragX >= windowWidth - 15) {
+          onRelease(ev);
+
+        } else {
+          var step = Math.min(Math.max(getSwipeCompletion(dragX), 0), 1);
+          viewTransition.run(step);
+          associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.activeTransition && associatedNavBarCtrl.activeTransition.run(step);
+        }
+
+      }
+    }
+
+    function onRelease(ev) {
+      if (isPrimary && viewTransition && dragPoints && dragPoints.length > 1) {
+
+        var now = Date.now();
+        var releaseX = getDragX(ev);
+        var startDrag = dragPoints[dragPoints.length - 1];
+
+        for (var x = dragPoints.length - 2; x >= 0; x--) {
+          if (now - startDrag.t > 200) {
+            break;
+          }
+          startDrag = dragPoints[x];
+        }
+
+        var isSwipingRight = (releaseX >= dragPoints[dragPoints.length - 2].x);
+        var releaseSwipeCompletion = getSwipeCompletion(releaseX);
+        var velocity = Math.abs(startDrag.x - releaseX) / (now - startDrag.t);
+
+        // private variables because ui-router has no way to pass custom data using $state.go
+        disableRenderStartViewId = backView.viewId;
+        disableAnimation = (releaseSwipeCompletion < 0.03 || releaseSwipeCompletion > 0.97);
+
+        if (isSwipingRight && (releaseSwipeCompletion > 0.5 || velocity > 0.1)) {
+          // complete view transition on release
+          var speed = (velocity > 0.5 || velocity < 0.05 || releaseX > windowWidth - 45) ? 'fast' : 'slow';
+          navSwipeAttr(disableAnimation ? '' : speed);
+          backView.go();
+          associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.activeTransition && associatedNavBarCtrl.activeTransition.complete(!disableAnimation, speed);
+
+        } else {
+          // cancel view transition on release
+          navSwipeAttr(disableAnimation ? '' : 'fast');
+          disableRenderStartViewId = null;
+          viewTransition.cancel(!disableAnimation);
+          associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.activeTransition && associatedNavBarCtrl.activeTransition.cancel(!disableAnimation, 'fast', cancelData);
+          disableAnimation = null;
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      ionic.offGesture(deregDrag, 'drag', onDrag);
+      ionic.offGesture(deregRelease, 'release', onRelease);
+
+      windowWidth = viewTransition = dragPoints = null;
+
+      self.isSwipeFreeze = $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(false);
+    }
+
+    function getDragX(ev) {
+      return ionic.tap.pointerCoord(ev.gesture.srcEvent).x;
+    }
+
+    function getSwipeCompletion(dragX) {
+      return (dragX - startDragX) / windowWidth;
+    }
+
+    deregDragStart = ionic.onGesture('dragstart', onDragStart, $element[0]);
+
+    $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      ionic.offGesture(deregDragStart, 'dragstart', onDragStart);
+      ionic.offGesture(deregDrag, 'drag', onDrag);
+      ionic.offGesture(deregRelease, 'release', onRelease);
+      self.element = viewTransition = associatedNavBarCtrl = null;
+    });
+  };
+
+
+  function navSwipeAttr(val) {
+    ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr($element, 'nav-swipe', val);
+  }
+
+
+  function onTabsTop(ev, isTabsTop) {
+    var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+    associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.hasTabsTop(isTabsTop);
+  }
+
+  function onBarSubheader(ev, isBarSubheader) {
+    var associatedNavBarCtrl = getAssociatedNavBarCtrl();
+    associatedNavBarCtrl && associatedNavBarCtrl.hasBarSubheader(isBarSubheader);
+  }
+
+  function getAssociatedNavBarCtrl() {
+    if (navBarDelegate) {
+      for (var x = 0; x < $ionicNavBarDelegate._instances.length; x++) {
+        if ($ionicNavBarDelegate._instances[x].$$delegateHandle == navBarDelegate) {
+          return $ionicNavBarDelegate._instances[x];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return $element.inheritedData('$ionNavBarController');
+  }
+
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionicRefresher', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$element',
+  '$ionicBind',
+  '$timeout',
+  function($scope, $attrs, $element, $ionicBind, $timeout) {
+    var self = this,
+        isDragging = false,
+        isOverscrolling = false,
+        dragOffset = 0,
+        lastOverscroll = 0,
+        ptrThreshold = 60,
+        activated = false,
+        scrollTime = 500,
+        startY = null,
+        deltaY = null,
+        canOverscroll = true,
+        scrollParent,
+        scrollChild;
+
+    if (!isDefined($attrs.pullingIcon)) {
+      $attrs.$set('pullingIcon', 'ion-android-arrow-down');
+    }
+
+    $scope.showSpinner = !isDefined($attrs.refreshingIcon) && $attrs.spinner != 'none';
+
+    $scope.showIcon = isDefined($attrs.refreshingIcon);
+
+    $ionicBind($scope, $attrs, {
+      pullingIcon: '@',
+      pullingText: '@',
+      refreshingIcon: '@',
+      refreshingText: '@',
+      spinner: '@',
+      disablePullingRotation: '@',
+      $onRefresh: '&onRefresh',
+      $onPulling: '&onPulling'
+    });
+
+    function handleTouchend() {
+      // if this wasn't an overscroll, get out immediately
+      if (!canOverscroll && !isDragging) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // reset Y
+      startY = null;
+      // the user has overscrolled but went back to native scrolling
+      if (!isDragging) {
+        dragOffset = 0;
+        isOverscrolling = false;
+        setScrollLock(false);
+      } else {
+        isDragging = false;
+        dragOffset = 0;
+
+        // the user has scroll far enough to trigger a refresh
+        if (lastOverscroll > ptrThreshold) {
+          start();
+          scrollTo(ptrThreshold, scrollTime);
+
+        // the user has overscrolled but not far enough to trigger a refresh
+        } else {
+          scrollTo(0, scrollTime, deactivate);
+          isOverscrolling = false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function handleTouchmove(e) {
+      // if multitouch or regular scroll event, get out immediately
+      if (!canOverscroll || e.touches.length > 1) {
+        return;
+      }
+      //if this is a new drag, keep track of where we start
+      if (startY === null) {
+        startY = parseInt(e.touches[0].screenY, 10);
+      }
+
+      // kitkat fix for touchcancel events http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/05/A-More-Compatible-Smoother-Touch
+      if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid() && ionic.Platform.version() === 4.4 && scrollParent.scrollTop === 0) {
+        isDragging = true;
+        e.preventDefault();
+      }
+
+      // how far have we dragged so far?
+      deltaY = parseInt(e.touches[0].screenY, 10) - startY;
+
+      // if we've dragged up and back down in to native scroll territory
+      if (deltaY - dragOffset <= 0 || scrollParent.scrollTop !== 0) {
+
+        if (isOverscrolling) {
+          isOverscrolling = false;
+          setScrollLock(false);
+        }
+
+        if (isDragging) {
+          nativescroll(scrollParent, parseInt(deltaY - dragOffset, 10) * -1);
+        }
+
+        // if we're not at overscroll 0 yet, 0 out
+        if (lastOverscroll !== 0) {
+          overscroll(0);
+        }
+        return;
+
+      } else if (deltaY > 0 && scrollParent.scrollTop === 0 && !isOverscrolling) {
+        // starting overscroll, but drag started below scrollTop 0, so we need to offset the position
+        dragOffset = deltaY;
+      }
+
+      // prevent native scroll events while overscrolling
+      e.preventDefault();
+
+      // if not overscrolling yet, initiate overscrolling
+      if (!isOverscrolling) {
+        isOverscrolling = true;
+        setScrollLock(true);
+      }
+
+      isDragging = true;
+      // overscroll according to the user's drag so far
+      overscroll(parseInt((deltaY - dragOffset) / 3, 10));
+
+      // update the icon accordingly
+      if (!activated && lastOverscroll > ptrThreshold) {
+        activated = true;
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(activate);
+
+      } else if (activated && lastOverscroll < ptrThreshold) {
+        activated = false;
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(deactivate);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function handleScroll(e) {
+      // canOverscrol is used to greatly simplify the drag handler during normal scrolling
+      canOverscroll = (e.target.scrollTop === 0) || isDragging;
+    }
+
+    function overscroll(val) {
+      scrollChild.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translateY(' + val + 'px)';
+      lastOverscroll = val;
+    }
+
+    function nativescroll(target, newScrollTop) {
+      // creates a scroll event that bubbles, can be cancelled, and with its view
+      // and detail property initialized to window and 1, respectively
+      target.scrollTop = newScrollTop;
+      var e = document.createEvent("UIEvents");
+      e.initUIEvent("scroll", true, true, window, 1);
+      target.dispatchEvent(e);
+    }
+
+    function setScrollLock(enabled) {
+      // set the scrollbar to be position:fixed in preparation to overscroll
+      // or remove it so the app can be natively scrolled
+      if (enabled) {
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+          scrollChild.classList.add('overscroll');
+          show();
+        });
+
+      } else {
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+          scrollChild.classList.remove('overscroll');
+          hide();
+          deactivate();
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    $scope.$on('scroll.refreshComplete', function() {
+      // prevent the complete from firing before the scroll has started
+      $timeout(function() {
+
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(tail);
+
+        // scroll back to home during tail animation
+        scrollTo(0, scrollTime, deactivate);
+
+        // return to native scrolling after tail animation has time to finish
+        $timeout(function() {
+
+          if (isOverscrolling) {
+            isOverscrolling = false;
+            setScrollLock(false);
+          }
+
+        }, scrollTime);
+
+      }, scrollTime);
+    });
+
+    function scrollTo(Y, duration, callback) {
+      // scroll animation loop w/ easing
+      // credit https://gist.github.com/dezinezync/5487119
+      var start = Date.now(),
+          from = lastOverscroll;
+
+      if (from === Y) {
+        callback();
+        return; /* Prevent scrolling to the Y point if already there */
+      }
+
+      // decelerating to zero velocity
+      function easeOutCubic(t) {
+        return (--t) * t * t + 1;
+      }
+
+      // scroll loop
+      function scroll() {
+        var currentTime = Date.now(),
+          time = Math.min(1, ((currentTime - start) / duration)),
+          // where .5 would be 50% of time on a linear scale easedT gives a
+          // fraction based on the easing method
+          easedT = easeOutCubic(time);
+
+        overscroll(parseInt((easedT * (Y - from)) + from, 10));
+
+        if (time < 1) {
+          ionic.requestAnimationFrame(scroll);
+
+        } else {
+
+          if (Y < 5 && Y > -5) {
+            isOverscrolling = false;
+            setScrollLock(false);
+          }
+
+          callback && callback();
+        }
+      }
+
+      // start scroll loop
+      ionic.requestAnimationFrame(scroll);
+    }
+
+
+    self.init = function() {
+      scrollParent = $element.parent().parent()[0];
+      scrollChild = $element.parent()[0];
+
+      if (!scrollParent || !scrollParent.classList.contains('ionic-scroll') ||
+        !scrollChild || !scrollChild.classList.contains('scroll')) {
+        throw new Error('Refresher must be immediate child of ion-content or ion-scroll');
+      }
+
+      ionic.on('touchmove', handleTouchmove, scrollChild);
+      ionic.on('touchend', handleTouchend, scrollChild);
+      ionic.on('scroll', handleScroll, scrollParent);
+
+      // cleanup when done
+      $scope.$on('$destroy', destroy);
+    };
+
+    function destroy() {
+      ionic.off('touchmove', handleTouchmove, scrollChild);
+      ionic.off('touchend', handleTouchend, scrollChild);
+      ionic.off('scroll', handleScroll, scrollParent);
+      scrollParent = null;
+      scrollChild = null;
+    }
+
+    // DOM manipulation and broadcast methods shared by JS and Native Scrolling
+    // getter used by JS Scrolling
+    self.getRefresherDomMethods = function() {
+      return {
+        activate: activate,
+        deactivate: deactivate,
+        start: start,
+        show: show,
+        hide: hide,
+        tail: tail
+      };
+    };
+
+    function activate() {
+      $element[0].classList.add('active');
+      $scope.$onPulling();
+    }
+
+    function deactivate() {
+      // give tail 150ms to finish
+      $timeout(function() {
+        // deactivateCallback
+        $element.removeClass('active refreshing refreshing-tail');
+        if (activated) activated = false;
+      }, 150);
+    }
+
+    function start() {
+      // startCallback
+      $element[0].classList.add('refreshing');
+      $scope.$onRefresh();
+    }
+
+    function show() {
+      // showCallback
+      $element[0].classList.remove('invisible');
+    }
+
+    function hide() {
+      // showCallback
+      $element[0].classList.add('invisible');
+    }
+
+    function tail() {
+      // tailCallback
+      $element[0].classList.add('refreshing-tail');
+    }
+
+    // for testing
+    self.__handleTouchmove = handleTouchmove;
+    self.__getScrollChild = function() { return scrollChild; };
+    self.__getScrollParent = function() { return scrollParent; };
+  }
+]);
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+IonicModule
+
+.controller('$ionicScroll', [
+  '$scope',
+  'scrollViewOptions',
+  '$timeout',
+  '$window',
+  '$location',
+  '$document',
+  '$ionicScrollDelegate',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+function($scope,
+         scrollViewOptions,
+         $timeout,
+         $window,
+         $location,
+         $document,
+         $ionicScrollDelegate,
+         $ionicHistory) {
+
+  var self = this;
+  // for testing
+  self.__timeout = $timeout;
+
+  self._scrollViewOptions = scrollViewOptions; //for testing
+  self.isNative = function() {
+    return !!scrollViewOptions.nativeScrolling;
+  };
+
+  var element = self.element = scrollViewOptions.el;
+  var $element = self.$element = jqLite(element);
+  var scrollView;
+  if (self.isNative()) {
+    scrollView = self.scrollView = new ionic.views.ScrollNative(scrollViewOptions);
+  } else {
+    scrollView = self.scrollView = new ionic.views.Scroll(scrollViewOptions);
+  }
+
+
+  //Attach self to element as a controller so other directives can require this controller
+  //through `require: '$ionicScroll'
+  //Also attach to parent so that sibling elements can require this
+  ($element.parent().length ? $element.parent() : $element)
+    .data('$$ionicScrollController', self);
+
+  var deregisterInstance = $ionicScrollDelegate._registerInstance(
+    self, scrollViewOptions.delegateHandle, function() {
+      return $ionicHistory.isActiveScope($scope);
+    }
+  );
+
+  if (!isDefined(scrollViewOptions.bouncing)) {
+    ionic.Platform.ready(function() {
+      if (scrollView.options) {
+        scrollView.options.bouncing = true;
+        if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid()) {
+          // No bouncing by default on Android
+          scrollView.options.bouncing = false;
+          // Faster scroll decel
+          scrollView.options.deceleration = 0.95;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  var resize = angular.bind(scrollView, scrollView.resize);
+  angular.element($window).on('resize', resize);
+
+  var scrollFunc = function(e) {
+    var detail = (e.originalEvent || e).detail || {};
+    $scope.$onScroll && $scope.$onScroll({
+      event: e,
+      scrollTop: detail.scrollTop || 0,
+      scrollLeft: detail.scrollLeft || 0
+    });
+  };
+
+  $element.on('scroll', scrollFunc);
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    deregisterInstance();
+    scrollView && scrollView.__cleanup && scrollView.__cleanup();
+    angular.element($window).off('resize', resize);
+    $element.off('scroll', scrollFunc);
+    scrollView = self.scrollView = scrollViewOptions = self._scrollViewOptions = scrollViewOptions.el = self._scrollViewOptions.el = $element = self.$element = element = null;
+  });
+
+  $timeout(function() {
+    scrollView && scrollView.run && scrollView.run();
+  });
+
+  self.getScrollView = function() {
+    return scrollView;
+  };
+
+  self.getScrollPosition = function() {
+    return scrollView.getValues();
+  };
+
+  self.resize = function() {
+    return $timeout(resize, 0, false).then(function() {
+      $element && $element.triggerHandler('scroll-resize');
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.scrollTop = function(shouldAnimate) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      scrollView.scrollTo(0, 0, !!shouldAnimate);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.scrollBottom = function(shouldAnimate) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      var max = scrollView.getScrollMax();
+      scrollView.scrollTo(max.left, max.top, !!shouldAnimate);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.scrollTo = function(left, top, shouldAnimate) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      scrollView.scrollTo(left, top, !!shouldAnimate);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.zoomTo = function(zoom, shouldAnimate, originLeft, originTop) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      scrollView.zoomTo(zoom, !!shouldAnimate, originLeft, originTop);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.zoomBy = function(zoom, shouldAnimate, originLeft, originTop) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      scrollView.zoomBy(zoom, !!shouldAnimate, originLeft, originTop);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.scrollBy = function(left, top, shouldAnimate) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      scrollView.scrollBy(left, top, !!shouldAnimate);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.anchorScroll = function(shouldAnimate) {
+    self.resize().then(function() {
+      var hash = $location.hash();
+      var elm = hash && $document[0].getElementById(hash);
+      if (!(hash && elm)) {
+        scrollView.scrollTo(0, 0, !!shouldAnimate);
+        return;
+      }
+      var curElm = elm;
+      var scrollLeft = 0, scrollTop = 0, levelsClimbed = 0;
+      do {
+        if (curElm !== null) scrollLeft += curElm.offsetLeft;
+        if (curElm !== null) scrollTop += curElm.offsetTop;
+        curElm = curElm.offsetParent;
+        levelsClimbed++;
+      } while (curElm.attributes != self.element.attributes && curElm.offsetParent);
+      scrollView.scrollTo(scrollLeft, scrollTop, !!shouldAnimate);
+    });
+  };
+
+  self.freezeScroll = scrollView.freeze;
+
+  self.freezeAllScrolls = function(shouldFreeze) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < $ionicScrollDelegate._instances.length; i++) {
+      $ionicScrollDelegate._instances[i].freezeScroll(shouldFreeze);
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  self._setRefresher = function(refresherScope, refresherElement, refresherMethods) {
+    self.refresher = refresherElement;
+    var refresherHeight = self.refresher.clientHeight || 60;
+    scrollView.activatePullToRefresh(
+      refresherHeight,
+      refresherMethods
+    );
+  };
+
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionicSideMenus', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$ionicSideMenuDelegate',
+  '$ionicPlatform',
+  '$ionicBody',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+  '$ionicScrollDelegate',
+  'IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY',
+function($scope, $attrs, $ionicSideMenuDelegate, $ionicPlatform, $ionicBody, $ionicHistory, $ionicScrollDelegate, IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY) {
+  var self = this;
+  var rightShowing, leftShowing, isDragging;
+  var startX, lastX, offsetX, isAsideExposed;
+  var enableMenuWithBackViews = true;
+
+  self.$scope = $scope;
+
+  self.initialize = function(options) {
+    self.left = options.left;
+    self.right = options.right;
+    self.setContent(options.content);
+    self.dragThresholdX = options.dragThresholdX || 10;
+    $ionicHistory.registerHistory(self.$scope);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Set the content view controller if not passed in the constructor options.
+   *
+   * @param {object} content
+   */
+  self.setContent = function(content) {
+    if (content) {
+      self.content = content;
+
+      self.content.onDrag = function(e) {
+        self._handleDrag(e);
+      };
+
+      self.content.endDrag = function(e) {
+        self._endDrag(e);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.isOpenLeft = function() {
+    return self.getOpenAmount() > 0;
+  };
+
+  self.isOpenRight = function() {
+    return self.getOpenAmount() < 0;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Toggle the left menu to open 100%
+   */
+  self.toggleLeft = function(shouldOpen) {
+    if (isAsideExposed || !self.left.isEnabled) return;
+    var openAmount = self.getOpenAmount();
+    if (arguments.length === 0) {
+      shouldOpen = openAmount <= 0;
+    }
+    self.content.enableAnimation();
+    if (!shouldOpen) {
+      self.openPercentage(0);
+    } else {
+      self.openPercentage(100);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Toggle the right menu to open 100%
+   */
+  self.toggleRight = function(shouldOpen) {
+    if (isAsideExposed || !self.right.isEnabled) return;
+    var openAmount = self.getOpenAmount();
+    if (arguments.length === 0) {
+      shouldOpen = openAmount >= 0;
+    }
+    self.content.enableAnimation();
+    if (!shouldOpen) {
+      self.openPercentage(0);
+    } else {
+      self.openPercentage(-100);
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.toggle = function(side) {
+    if (side == 'right') {
+      self.toggleRight();
+    } else {
+      self.toggleLeft();
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Close all menus.
+   */
+  self.close = function() {
+    self.openPercentage(0);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @return {float} The amount the side menu is open, either positive or negative for left (positive), or right (negative)
+   */
+  self.getOpenAmount = function() {
+    return self.content && self.content.getTranslateX() || 0;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @return {float} The ratio of open amount over menu width. For example, a
+   * menu of width 100 open 50 pixels would be open 50% or a ratio of 0.5. Value is negative
+   * for right menu.
+   */
+  self.getOpenRatio = function() {
+    var amount = self.getOpenAmount();
+    if (amount >= 0) {
+      return amount / self.left.width;
+    }
+    return amount / self.right.width;
+  };
+
+  self.isOpen = function() {
+    return self.getOpenAmount() !== 0;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @return {float} The percentage of open amount over menu width. For example, a
+   * menu of width 100 open 50 pixels would be open 50%. Value is negative
+   * for right menu.
+   */
+  self.getOpenPercentage = function() {
+    return self.getOpenRatio() * 100;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Open the menu with a given percentage amount.
+   * @param {float} percentage The percentage (positive or negative for left/right) to open the menu.
+   */
+  self.openPercentage = function(percentage) {
+    var p = percentage / 100;
+
+    if (self.left && percentage >= 0) {
+      self.openAmount(self.left.width * p);
+    } else if (self.right && percentage < 0) {
+      self.openAmount(self.right.width * p);
+    }
+
+    // add the CSS class "menu-open" if the percentage does not
+    // equal 0, otherwise remove the class from the body element
+    $ionicBody.enableClass((percentage !== 0), 'menu-open');
+
+    freezeAllScrolls(false);
+  };
+
+  function freezeAllScrolls(shouldFreeze) {
+    if (shouldFreeze && !self.isScrollFreeze) {
+      $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(shouldFreeze);
+
+    } else if (!shouldFreeze && self.isScrollFreeze) {
+      $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(false);
+    }
+    self.isScrollFreeze = shouldFreeze;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Open the menu the given pixel amount.
+   * @param {float} amount the pixel amount to open the menu. Positive value for left menu,
+   * negative value for right menu (only one menu will be visible at a time).
+   */
+  self.openAmount = function(amount) {
+    var maxLeft = self.left && self.left.width || 0;
+    var maxRight = self.right && self.right.width || 0;
+
+    // Check if we can move to that side, depending if the left/right panel is enabled
+    if (!(self.left && self.left.isEnabled) && amount > 0) {
+      self.content.setTranslateX(0);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!(self.right && self.right.isEnabled) && amount < 0) {
+      self.content.setTranslateX(0);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (leftShowing && amount > maxLeft) {
+      self.content.setTranslateX(maxLeft);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (rightShowing && amount < -maxRight) {
+      self.content.setTranslateX(-maxRight);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    self.content.setTranslateX(amount);
+
+    if (amount >= 0) {
+      leftShowing = true;
+      rightShowing = false;
+
+      if (amount > 0) {
+        // Push the z-index of the right menu down
+        self.right && self.right.pushDown && self.right.pushDown();
+        // Bring the z-index of the left menu up
+        self.left && self.left.bringUp && self.left.bringUp();
+      }
+    } else {
+      rightShowing = true;
+      leftShowing = false;
+
+      // Bring the z-index of the right menu up
+      self.right && self.right.bringUp && self.right.bringUp();
+      // Push the z-index of the left menu down
+      self.left && self.left.pushDown && self.left.pushDown();
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Given an event object, find the final resting position of this side
+   * menu. For example, if the user "throws" the content to the right and
+   * releases the touch, the left menu should snap open (animated, of course).
+   *
+   * @param {Event} e the gesture event to use for snapping
+   */
+  self.snapToRest = function(e) {
+    // We want to animate at the end of this
+    self.content.enableAnimation();
+    isDragging = false;
+
+    // Check how much the panel is open after the drag, and
+    // what the drag velocity is
+    var ratio = self.getOpenRatio();
+
+    if (ratio === 0) {
+      // Just to be safe
+      self.openPercentage(0);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var velocityThreshold = 0.3;
+    var velocityX = e.gesture.velocityX;
+    var direction = e.gesture.direction;
+
+    // Going right, less than half, too slow (snap back)
+    if (ratio > 0 && ratio < 0.5 && direction == 'right' && velocityX < velocityThreshold) {
+      self.openPercentage(0);
+    }
+
+    // Going left, more than half, too slow (snap back)
+    else if (ratio > 0.5 && direction == 'left' && velocityX < velocityThreshold) {
+      self.openPercentage(100);
+    }
+
+    // Going left, less than half, too slow (snap back)
+    else if (ratio < 0 && ratio > -0.5 && direction == 'left' && velocityX < velocityThreshold) {
+      self.openPercentage(0);
+    }
+
+    // Going right, more than half, too slow (snap back)
+    else if (ratio < 0.5 && direction == 'right' && velocityX < velocityThreshold) {
+      self.openPercentage(-100);
+    }
+
+    // Going right, more than half, or quickly (snap open)
+    else if (direction == 'right' && ratio >= 0 && (ratio >= 0.5 || velocityX > velocityThreshold)) {
+      self.openPercentage(100);
+    }
+
+    // Going left, more than half, or quickly (span open)
+    else if (direction == 'left' && ratio <= 0 && (ratio <= -0.5 || velocityX > velocityThreshold)) {
+      self.openPercentage(-100);
+    }
+
+    // Snap back for safety
+    else {
+      self.openPercentage(0);
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.enableMenuWithBackViews = function(val) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enableMenuWithBackViews = !!val;
+    }
+    return enableMenuWithBackViews;
+  };
+
+  self.isAsideExposed = function() {
+    return !!isAsideExposed;
+  };
+
+  self.exposeAside = function(shouldExposeAside) {
+    if (!(self.left && self.left.isEnabled) && !(self.right && self.right.isEnabled)) return;
+    self.close();
+
+    isAsideExposed = shouldExposeAside;
+    if (self.left && self.left.isEnabled) {
+      // set the left marget width if it should be exposed
+      // otherwise set false so there's no left margin
+      self.content.setMarginLeft(isAsideExposed ? self.left.width : 0);
+    } else if (self.right && self.right.isEnabled) {
+      self.content.setMarginRight(isAsideExposed ? self.right.width : 0);
+    }
+
+    self.$scope.$emit('$ionicExposeAside', isAsideExposed);
+  };
+
+  self.activeAsideResizing = function(isResizing) {
+    $ionicBody.enableClass(isResizing, 'aside-resizing');
+  };
+
+  // End a drag with the given event
+  self._endDrag = function(e) {
+    freezeAllScrolls(false);
+
+    if (isAsideExposed) return;
+
+    if (isDragging) {
+      self.snapToRest(e);
+    }
+    startX = null;
+    lastX = null;
+    offsetX = null;
+  };
+
+  // Handle a drag event
+  self._handleDrag = function(e) {
+    if (isAsideExposed || !$scope.dragContent) return;
+
+    // If we don't have start coords, grab and store them
+    if (!startX) {
+      startX = e.gesture.touches[0].pageX;
+      lastX = startX;
+    } else {
+      // Grab the current tap coords
+      lastX = e.gesture.touches[0].pageX;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate difference from the tap points
+    if (!isDragging && Math.abs(lastX - startX) > self.dragThresholdX) {
+      // if the difference is greater than threshold, start dragging using the current
+      // point as the starting point
+      startX = lastX;
+
+      isDragging = true;
+      // Initialize dragging
+      self.content.disableAnimation();
+      offsetX = self.getOpenAmount();
+    }
+
+    if (isDragging) {
+      self.openAmount(offsetX + (lastX - startX));
+      freezeAllScrolls(true);
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.canDragContent = function(canDrag) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      $scope.dragContent = !!canDrag;
+    }
+    return $scope.dragContent;
+  };
+
+  self.edgeThreshold = 25;
+  self.edgeThresholdEnabled = false;
+  self.edgeDragThreshold = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      if (isNumber(value) && value > 0) {
+        self.edgeThreshold = value;
+        self.edgeThresholdEnabled = true;
+      } else {
+        self.edgeThresholdEnabled = !!value;
+      }
+    }
+    return self.edgeThresholdEnabled;
+  };
+
+  self.isDraggableTarget = function(e) {
+    //Only restrict edge when sidemenu is closed and restriction is enabled
+    var shouldOnlyAllowEdgeDrag = self.edgeThresholdEnabled && !self.isOpen();
+    var startX = e.gesture.startEvent && e.gesture.startEvent.center &&
+      e.gesture.startEvent.center.pageX;
+
+    var dragIsWithinBounds = !shouldOnlyAllowEdgeDrag ||
+      startX <= self.edgeThreshold ||
+      startX >= self.content.element.offsetWidth - self.edgeThreshold;
+
+    var backView = $ionicHistory.backView();
+    var menuEnabled = enableMenuWithBackViews ? true : !backView;
+    if (!menuEnabled) {
+      var currentView = $ionicHistory.currentView() || {};
+      return backView.historyId !== currentView.historyId;
+    }
+
+    return ($scope.dragContent || self.isOpen()) &&
+      dragIsWithinBounds &&
+      !e.gesture.srcEvent.defaultPrevented &&
+      menuEnabled &&
+      !e.target.tagName.match(/input|textarea|select|object|embed/i) &&
+      !e.target.isContentEditable &&
+      !(e.target.dataset ? e.target.dataset.preventScroll : e.target.getAttribute('data-prevent-scroll') == 'true');
+  };
+
+  $scope.sideMenuContentTranslateX = 0;
+
+  var deregisterBackButtonAction = noop;
+  var closeSideMenu = angular.bind(self, self.close);
+
+  $scope.$watch(function() {
+    return self.getOpenAmount() !== 0;
+  }, function(isOpen) {
+    deregisterBackButtonAction();
+    if (isOpen) {
+      deregisterBackButtonAction = $ionicPlatform.registerBackButtonAction(
+        closeSideMenu,
+        IONIC_BACK_PRIORITY.sideMenu
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  var deregisterInstance = $ionicSideMenuDelegate._registerInstance(
+    self, $attrs.delegateHandle, function() {
+      return $ionicHistory.isActiveScope($scope);
+    }
+  );
+
+  $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+    deregisterInstance();
+    deregisterBackButtonAction();
+    self.$scope = null;
+    if (self.content) {
+      self.content.element = null;
+      self.content = null;
+    }
+
+    // ensure scrolls are unfrozen
+    freezeAllScrolls(false);
+  });
+
+  self.initialize({
+    left: {
+      width: 275
+    },
+    right: {
+      width: 275
+    }
+  });
+
+}]);
+
+(function(ionic) {
+
+  var TRANSLATE32 = 'translate(32,32)';
+  var STROKE_OPACITY = 'stroke-opacity';
+  var ROUND = 'round';
+  var INDEFINITE = 'indefinite';
+  var DURATION = '750ms';
+  var NONE = 'none';
+  var SHORTCUTS = {
+    a: 'animate',
+    an: 'attributeName',
+    at: 'animateTransform',
+    c: 'circle',
+    da: 'stroke-dasharray',
+    os: 'stroke-dashoffset',
+    f: 'fill',
+    lc: 'stroke-linecap',
+    rc: 'repeatCount',
+    sw: 'stroke-width',
+    t: 'transform',
+    v: 'values'
+  };
+
+  var SPIN_ANIMATION = {
+    v: '0,32,32;360,32,32',
+    an: 'transform',
+    type: 'rotate',
+    rc: INDEFINITE,
+    dur: DURATION
+  };
+
+  function createSvgElement(tagName, data, parent, spinnerName) {
+    var ele = document.createElement(SHORTCUTS[tagName] || tagName);
+    var k, x, y;
+
+    for (k in data) {
+
+      if (angular.isArray(data[k])) {
+        for (x = 0; x < data[k].length; x++) {
+          if (data[k][x].fn) {
+            for (y = 0; y < data[k][x].t; y++) {
+              createSvgElement(k, data[k][x].fn(y, spinnerName), ele, spinnerName);
+            }
+          } else {
+            createSvgElement(k, data[k][x], ele, spinnerName);
+          }
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        setSvgAttribute(ele, k, data[k]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    parent.appendChild(ele);
+  }
+
+  function setSvgAttribute(ele, k, v) {
+    ele.setAttribute(SHORTCUTS[k] || k, v);
+  }
+
+  function animationValues(strValues, i) {
+    var values = strValues.split(';');
+    var back = values.slice(i);
+    var front = values.slice(0, values.length - back.length);
+    values = back.concat(front).reverse();
+    return values.join(';') + ';' + values[0];
+  }
+
+  var IOS_SPINNER = {
+    sw: 4,
+    lc: ROUND,
+    line: [{
+      fn: function(i, spinnerName) {
+        return {
+          y1: spinnerName == 'ios' ? 17 : 12,
+          y2: spinnerName == 'ios' ? 29 : 20,
+          t: TRANSLATE32 + ' rotate(' + (30 * i + (i < 6 ? 180 : -180)) + ')',
+          a: [{
+            fn: function() {
+              return {
+                an: STROKE_OPACITY,
+                dur: DURATION,
+                v: animationValues('0;.1;.15;.25;.35;.45;.55;.65;.7;.85;1', i),
+                rc: INDEFINITE
+              };
+            },
+            t: 1
+          }]
+        };
+      },
+      t: 12
+    }]
+  };
+
+  var spinners = {
+
+    android: {
+      c: [{
+        sw: 6,
+        da: 128,
+        os: 82,
+        r: 26,
+        cx: 32,
+        cy: 32,
+        f: NONE
+      }]
+    },
+
+    ios: IOS_SPINNER,
+
+    'ios-small': IOS_SPINNER,
+
+    bubbles: {
+      sw: 0,
+      c: [{
+        fn: function(i) {
+          return {
+            cx: 24 * Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * i / 8),
+            cy: 24 * Math.sin(2 * Math.PI * i / 8),
+            t: TRANSLATE32,
+            a: [{
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'r',
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }]
+          };
+        },
+        t: 8
+      }]
+    },
+
+    circles: {
+
+      c: [{
+        fn: function(i) {
+          return {
+            r: 5,
+            cx: 24 * Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * i / 8),
+            cy: 24 * Math.sin(2 * Math.PI * i / 8),
+            t: TRANSLATE32,
+            sw: 0,
+            a: [{
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'fill-opacity',
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('.3;.3;.3;.4;.7;.85;.9;1', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }]
+          };
+        },
+        t: 8
+      }]
+    },
+
+    crescent: {
+      c: [{
+        sw: 4,
+        da: 128,
+        os: 82,
+        r: 26,
+        cx: 32,
+        cy: 32,
+        f: NONE,
+        at: [SPIN_ANIMATION]
+      }]
+    },
+
+    dots: {
+
+      c: [{
+        fn: function(i) {
+          return {
+            cx: 16 + (16 * i),
+            cy: 32,
+            sw: 0,
+            a: [{
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'fill-opacity',
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('.5;.6;.8;1;.8;.6;.5', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }, {
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'r',
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('4;5;6;5;4;3;3', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }]
+          };
+        },
+        t: 3
+      }]
+    },
+
+    lines: {
+      sw: 7,
+      lc: ROUND,
+      line: [{
+        fn: function(i) {
+          return {
+            x1: 10 + (i * 14),
+            x2: 10 + (i * 14),
+            a: [{
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'y1',
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('16;18;28;18;16', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }, {
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'y2',
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('48;44;36;46;48', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }, {
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: STROKE_OPACITY,
+                  dur: DURATION,
+                  v: animationValues('1;.8;.5;.4;1', i),
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }]
+          };
+        },
+        t: 4
+      }]
+    },
+
+    ripple: {
+      f: NONE,
+      'fill-rule': 'evenodd',
+      sw: 3,
+      circle: [{
+        fn: function(i) {
+          return {
+            cx: 32,
+            cy: 32,
+            a: [{
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: 'r',
+                  begin: (i * -1) + 's',
+                  dur: '2s',
+                  v: '0;24',
+                  keyTimes: '0;1',
+                  keySplines: '0.1,0.2,0.3,1',
+                  calcMode: 'spline',
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }, {
+              fn: function() {
+                return {
+                  an: STROKE_OPACITY,
+                  begin: (i * -1) + 's',
+                  dur: '2s',
+                  v: '.2;1;.2;0',
+                  rc: INDEFINITE
+                };
+              },
+              t: 1
+            }]
+          };
+        },
+        t: 2
+      }]
+    },
+
+    spiral: {
+      defs: [{
+        linearGradient: [{
+          id: 'sGD',
+          gradientUnits: 'userSpaceOnUse',
+          x1: 55, y1: 46, x2: 2, y2: 46,
+          stop: [{
+            offset: 0.1,
+            class: 'stop1'
+          }, {
+            offset: 1,
+            class: 'stop2'
+          }]
+        }]
+      }],
+      g: [{
+        sw: 4,
+        lc: ROUND,
+        f: NONE,
+        path: [{
+          stroke: 'url(#sGD)',
+          d: 'M4,32 c0,15,12,28,28,28c8,0,16-4,21-9'
+        }, {
+          d: 'M60,32 C60,16,47.464,4,32,4S4,16,4,32'
+        }],
+        at: [SPIN_ANIMATION]
+      }]
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  var animations = {
+
+    android: function(ele) {
+      var rIndex = 0;
+      var rotateCircle = 0;
+      var startTime;
+      var svgEle = ele.querySelector('g');
+      var circleEle = ele.querySelector('circle');
+
+      function run() {
+        var v = easeInOutCubic(Date.now() - startTime, 650);
+        var scaleX = 1;
+        var translateX = 0;
+        var dasharray = (188 - (58 * v));
+        var dashoffset = (182 - (182 * v));
+
+        if (rIndex % 2) {
+          scaleX = -1;
+          translateX = -64;
+          dasharray = (128 - (-58 * v));
+          dashoffset = (182 * v);
+        }
+
+        var rotateLine = [0, -101, -90, -11, -180, 79, -270, -191][rIndex];
+
+        setSvgAttribute(circleEle, 'da', Math.max(Math.min(dasharray, 188), 128));
+        setSvgAttribute(circleEle, 'os', Math.max(Math.min(dashoffset, 182), 0));
+        setSvgAttribute(circleEle, 't', 'scale(' + scaleX + ',1) translate(' + translateX + ',0) rotate(' + rotateLine + ',32,32)');
+
+        rotateCircle += 4.1;
+        if (rotateCircle > 359) rotateCircle = 0;
+        setSvgAttribute(svgEle, 't', 'rotate(' + rotateCircle + ',32,32)');
+
+        if (v >= 1) {
+          rIndex++;
+          if (rIndex > 7) rIndex = 0;
+          startTime = Date.now();
+        }
+
+        ionic.requestAnimationFrame(run);
+      }
+
+      return function() {
+        startTime = Date.now();
+        run();
+      };
+
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  function easeInOutCubic(t, c) {
+    t /= c / 2;
+    if (t < 1) return 1 / 2 * t * t * t;
+    t -= 2;
+    return 1 / 2 * (t * t * t + 2);
+  }
+
+
+  IonicModule
+  .controller('$ionicSpinner', [
+    '$element',
+    '$attrs',
+  function($element, $attrs) {
+    var spinnerName, spinner;
+
+    this.init = function() {
+      spinnerName = $attrs.icon || ionic.Platform.platform();
+      spinner = spinners[spinnerName];
+      if (!spinner) {
+        spinnerName = 'ios';
+        spinner = spinners.ios;
+      }
+
+      var container = document.createElement('div');
+      createSvgElement('svg', {
+        viewBox: '0 0 64 64',
+        g: [spinners[spinnerName]]
+      }, container, spinnerName);
+
+      // Specifically for animations to work,
+      // Android 4.3 and below requires the element to be
+      // added as an html string, rather than dynmically
+      // building up the svg element and appending it.
+      $element.html(container.innerHTML);
+
+      this.start();
+
+      return spinnerName;
+    };
+
+    this.start = function() {
+      animations[spinnerName] && animations[spinnerName]($element[0])();
+    };
+
+  }]);
+
+})(ionic);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionicTab', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$location',
+  '$state',
+function($scope, $ionicHistory, $attrs, $location, $state) {
+  this.$scope = $scope;
+
+  //All of these exposed for testing
+  this.hrefMatchesState = function() {
+    return $attrs.href && $location.path().indexOf(
+      $attrs.href.replace(/^#/, '').replace(/\/$/, '')
+    ) === 0;
+  };
+  this.srefMatchesState = function() {
+    return $attrs.uiSref && $state.includes($attrs.uiSref.split('(')[0]);
+  };
+  this.navNameMatchesState = function() {
+    return this.navViewName && $ionicHistory.isCurrentStateNavView(this.navViewName);
+  };
+
+  this.tabMatchesState = function() {
+    return this.hrefMatchesState() || this.srefMatchesState() || this.navNameMatchesState();
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionicTabs', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$element',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+function($scope, $element, $ionicHistory) {
+  var self = this;
+  var selectedTab = null;
+  var previousSelectedTab = null;
+  var selectedTabIndex;
+  self.tabs = [];
+
+  self.selectedIndex = function() {
+    return self.tabs.indexOf(selectedTab);
+  };
+  self.selectedTab = function() {
+    return selectedTab;
+  };
+  self.previousSelectedTab = function() {
+    return previousSelectedTab;
+  };
+
+  self.add = function(tab) {
+    $ionicHistory.registerHistory(tab);
+    self.tabs.push(tab);
+  };
+
+  self.remove = function(tab) {
+    var tabIndex = self.tabs.indexOf(tab);
+    if (tabIndex === -1) {
+      return;
+    }
+    //Use a field like '$tabSelected' so developers won't accidentally set it in controllers etc
+    if (tab.$tabSelected) {
+      self.deselect(tab);
+      //Try to select a new tab if we're removing a tab
+      if (self.tabs.length === 1) {
+        //do nothing if there are no other tabs to select
+      } else {
+        //Select previous tab if it's the last tab, else select next tab
+        var newTabIndex = tabIndex === self.tabs.length - 1 ? tabIndex - 1 : tabIndex + 1;
+        self.select(self.tabs[newTabIndex]);
+      }
+    }
+    self.tabs.splice(tabIndex, 1);
+  };
+
+  self.deselect = function(tab) {
+    if (tab.$tabSelected) {
+      previousSelectedTab = selectedTab;
+      selectedTab = selectedTabIndex = null;
+      tab.$tabSelected = false;
+      (tab.onDeselect || noop)();
+      tab.$broadcast && tab.$broadcast('$ionicHistory.deselect');
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.select = function(tab, shouldEmitEvent) {
+    var tabIndex;
+    if (isNumber(tab)) {
+      tabIndex = tab;
+      if (tabIndex >= self.tabs.length) return;
+      tab = self.tabs[tabIndex];
+    } else {
+      tabIndex = self.tabs.indexOf(tab);
+    }
+
+    if (arguments.length === 1) {
+      shouldEmitEvent = !!(tab.navViewName || tab.uiSref);
+    }
+
+    if (selectedTab && selectedTab.$historyId == tab.$historyId) {
+      if (shouldEmitEvent) {
+        $ionicHistory.goToHistoryRoot(tab.$historyId);
+      }
+
+    } else if (selectedTabIndex !== tabIndex) {
+      forEach(self.tabs, function(tab) {
+        self.deselect(tab);
+      });
+
+      selectedTab = tab;
+      selectedTabIndex = tabIndex;
+
+      if (self.$scope && self.$scope.$parent) {
+        self.$scope.$parent.$activeHistoryId = tab.$historyId;
+      }
+
+      //Use a funny name like $tabSelected so the developer doesn't overwrite the var in a child scope
+      tab.$tabSelected = true;
+      (tab.onSelect || noop)();
+
+      if (shouldEmitEvent) {
+        $scope.$emit('$ionicHistory.change', {
+          type: 'tab',
+          tabIndex: tabIndex,
+          historyId: tab.$historyId,
+          navViewName: tab.navViewName,
+          hasNavView: !!tab.navViewName,
+          title: tab.title,
+          url: tab.href,
+          uiSref: tab.uiSref
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  self.hasActiveScope = function() {
+    for (var x = 0; x < self.tabs.length; x++) {
+      if ($ionicHistory.isActiveScope(self.tabs[x])) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.controller('$ionicView', [
+  '$scope',
+  '$element',
+  '$attrs',
+  '$compile',
+  '$rootScope',
+function($scope, $element, $attrs, $compile, $rootScope) {
+  var self = this;
+  var navElementHtml = {};
+  var navViewCtrl;
+  var navBarDelegateHandle;
+  var hasViewHeaderBar;
+  var deregisters = [];
+  var viewTitle;
+
+  var deregIonNavBarInit = $scope.$on('ionNavBar.init', function(ev, delegateHandle) {
+    // this view has its own ion-nav-bar, remember the navBarDelegateHandle for this view
+    ev.stopPropagation();
+    navBarDelegateHandle = delegateHandle;
+  });
+
+
+  self.init = function() {
+    deregIonNavBarInit();
+
+    var modalCtrl = $element.inheritedData('$ionModalController');
+    navViewCtrl = $element.inheritedData('$ionNavViewController');
+
+    // don't bother if inside a modal or there's no parent navView
+    if (!navViewCtrl || modalCtrl) return;
+
+    // add listeners for when this view changes
+    $scope.$on('$ionicView.beforeEnter', self.beforeEnter);
+    $scope.$on('$ionicView.afterEnter', afterEnter);
+    $scope.$on('$ionicView.beforeLeave', deregisterFns);
+  };
+
+  self.beforeEnter = function(ev, transData) {
+    // this event was emitted, starting at intial ion-view, then bubbles up
+    // only the first ion-view should do something with it, parent ion-views should ignore
+    if (transData && !transData.viewNotified) {
+      transData.viewNotified = true;
+
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $scope.$digest();
+      viewTitle = isDefined($attrs.viewTitle) ? $attrs.viewTitle : $attrs.title;
+
+      var navBarItems = {};
+      for (var n in navElementHtml) {
+        navBarItems[n] = generateNavBarItem(navElementHtml[n]);
+      }
+
+      navViewCtrl.beforeEnter(extend(transData, {
+        title: viewTitle,
+        showBack: !attrTrue('hideBackButton'),
+        navBarItems: navBarItems,
+        navBarDelegate: navBarDelegateHandle || null,
+        showNavBar: !attrTrue('hideNavBar'),
+        hasHeaderBar: !!hasViewHeaderBar
+      }));
+
+      // make sure any existing observers are cleaned up
+      deregisterFns();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  function afterEnter() {
+    // only listen for title updates after it has entered
+    // but also deregister the observe before it leaves
+    var viewTitleAttr = isDefined($attrs.viewTitle) && 'viewTitle' || isDefined($attrs.title) && 'title';
+    if (viewTitleAttr) {
+      titleUpdate($attrs[viewTitleAttr]);
+      deregisters.push($attrs.$observe(viewTitleAttr, titleUpdate));
+    }
+
+    if (isDefined($attrs.hideBackButton)) {
+      deregisters.push($scope.$watch($attrs.hideBackButton, function(val) {
+        navViewCtrl.showBackButton(!val);
+      }));
+    }
+
+    if (isDefined($attrs.hideNavBar)) {
+      deregisters.push($scope.$watch($attrs.hideNavBar, function(val) {
+        navViewCtrl.showBar(!val);
+      }));
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  function titleUpdate(newTitle) {
+    if (isDefined(newTitle) && newTitle !== viewTitle) {
+      viewTitle = newTitle;
+      navViewCtrl.title(viewTitle);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  function deregisterFns() {
+    // remove all existing $attrs.$observe's
+    for (var x = 0; x < deregisters.length; x++) {
+      deregisters[x]();
+    }
+    deregisters = [];
+  }
+
+
+  function generateNavBarItem(html) {
+    if (html) {
+      // every time a view enters we need to recreate its view buttons if they exist
+      return $compile(html)($scope.$new());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  function attrTrue(key) {
+    return !!$scope.$eval($attrs[key]);
+  }
+
+
+  self.navElement = function(type, html) {
+    navElementHtml[type] = html;
+  };
+
+}]);
+
+/*
+ * We don't document the ionActionSheet directive, we instead document
+ * the $ionicActionSheet service
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionActionSheet', ['$document', function($document) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    scope: true,
+    replace: true,
+    link: function($scope, $element) {
+
+      var keyUp = function(e) {
+        if (e.which == 27) {
+          $scope.cancel();
+          $scope.$apply();
+        }
+      };
+
+      var backdropClick = function(e) {
+        if (e.target == $element[0]) {
+          $scope.cancel();
+          $scope.$apply();
+        }
+      };
+      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        $element.remove();
+        $document.unbind('keyup', keyUp);
+      });
+
+      $document.bind('keyup', keyUp);
+      $element.bind('click', backdropClick);
+    },
+    template: '<div class="action-sheet-backdrop">' +
+                '<div class="action-sheet-wrapper">' +
+                  '<div class="action-sheet" ng-class="{\'action-sheet-has-icons\': $actionSheetHasIcon}">' +
+                    '<div class="action-sheet-group action-sheet-options">' +
+                      '<div class="action-sheet-title" ng-if="titleText" ng-bind-html="titleText"></div>' +
+                      '<button class="button action-sheet-option" ng-click="buttonClicked($index)" ng-repeat="b in buttons" ng-bind-html="b.text"></button>' +
+                      '<button class="button destructive action-sheet-destructive" ng-if="destructiveText" ng-click="destructiveButtonClicked()" ng-bind-html="destructiveText"></button>' +
+                    '</div>' +
+                    '<div class="action-sheet-group action-sheet-cancel" ng-if="cancelText">' +
+                      '<button class="button" ng-click="cancel()" ng-bind-html="cancelText"></button>' +
+                    '</div>' +
+                  '</div>' +
+                '</div>' +
+              '</div>'
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionCheckbox
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @codepen hqcju
+ * @description
+ * The checkbox is no different than the HTML checkbox input, except it's styled differently.
+ *
+ * The checkbox behaves like any [AngularJS checkbox](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/input/input[checkbox]).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-checkbox ng-model="isChecked">Checkbox Label</ion-checkbox>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionCheckbox', ['$ionicConfig', function($ionicConfig) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    transclude: true,
+    template:
+      '<label class="item item-checkbox">' +
+        '<div class="checkbox checkbox-input-hidden disable-pointer-events">' +
+          '<input type="checkbox">' +
+          '<i class="checkbox-icon"></i>' +
+        '</div>' +
+        '<div class="item-content disable-pointer-events" ng-transclude></div>' +
+      '</label>',
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var input = element.find('input');
+      forEach({
+        'name': attr.name,
+        'ng-value': attr.ngValue,
+        'ng-model': attr.ngModel,
+        'ng-checked': attr.ngChecked,
+        'ng-disabled': attr.ngDisabled,
+        'ng-true-value': attr.ngTrueValue,
+        'ng-false-value': attr.ngFalseValue,
+        'ng-change': attr.ngChange
+      }, function(value, name) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          input.attr(name, value);
+        }
+      });
+      var checkboxWrapper = element[0].querySelector('.checkbox');
+      checkboxWrapper.classList.add('checkbox-' + $ionicConfig.form.checkbox());
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @restrict A
+ * @name collectionRepeat
+ * @module ionic
+ * @codepen 7ec1ec58f2489ab8f359fa1a0fe89c15
+ * @description
+ * `collection-repeat` allows an app to show huge lists of items much more performantly than
+ * `ng-repeat`.
+ *
+ * It renders into the DOM only as many items as are currently visible.
+ *
+ * This means that on a phone screen that can fit eight items, only the eight items matching
+ * the current scroll position will be rendered.
+ *
+ * **The Basics**:
+ *
+ * - The data given to collection-repeat must be an array.
+ * - If the `item-height` and `item-width` attributes are not supplied, it will be assumed that
+ *   every item in the list has the same dimensions as the first item.
+ * - Don't use angular one-time binding (`::`) with collection-repeat. The scope of each item is
+ *   assigned new data and re-digested as you scroll. Bindings need to update, and one-time bindings
+ *   won't.
+ *
+ * **Performance Tips**:
+ *
+ * - The iOS webview has a performance bottleneck when switching out `<img src>` attributes.
+ *   To increase performance of images on iOS, cache your images in advance and,
+ *   if possible, lower the number of unique images. We're working on [a solution](https://github.com/driftyco/ionic/issues/3194).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * #### Basic Item List ([codepen](http://codepen.io/ionic/pen/0c2c35a34a8b18ad4d793fef0b081693))
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-content>
+ *   <ion-item collection-repeat="item in items">
+ *     {% raw %}{{item}}{% endraw %}
+ *   </ion-item>
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * #### Grid of Images ([codepen](http://codepen.io/ionic/pen/5515d4efd9d66f780e96787387f41664))
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-content>
+ *   <img collection-repeat="photo in photos"
+ *     item-width="33%"
+ *     item-height="200px"
+ *     ng-src="{% raw %}{{photo.url}}{% endraw %}">
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * #### Horizontal Scroller, Dynamic Item Width ([codepen](http://codepen.io/ionic/pen/67cc56b349124a349acb57a0740e030e))
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-content>
+ *   <h2>Available Kittens:</h2>
+ *   <ion-scroll direction="x" class="available-scroller">
+ *     <div class="photo" collection-repeat="photo in main.photos"
+ *        item-height="250" item-width="photo.width + 30">
+ *        <img ng-src="{{photo.src}}">
+ *     </div>
+ *   </ion-scroll>
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {expression} collection-repeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection,
+ *   of the format  `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable
+ *   and `expression` is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *   For example: `album in artist.albums` or `album in artist.albums | orderBy:'name'`.
+ * @param {expression=} item-width The width of the repeated element. The expression must return
+ *   a number (pixels) or a percentage. Defaults to the width of the first item in the list.
+ *   (previously named collection-item-width)
+ * @param {expression=} item-height The height of the repeated element. The expression must return
+ *   a number (pixels) or a percentage. Defaults to the height of the first item in the list.
+ *   (previously named collection-item-height)
+ * @param {number=} item-render-buffer The number of items to load before and after the visible
+ *   items in the list. Default 3. Tip: set this higher if you have lots of images to preload, but
+ *   don't set it too high or you'll see performance loss.
+ * @param {boolean=} force-refresh-images Force images to refresh as you scroll. This fixes a problem
+ *   where, when an element is interchanged as scrolling, its image will still have the old src
+ *   while the new src loads. Setting this to true comes with a small performance loss.
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('collectionRepeat', CollectionRepeatDirective)
+.factory('$ionicCollectionManager', RepeatManagerFactory);
+
+var ONE_PX_TRANSPARENT_IMG_SRC = 'data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7';
+var WIDTH_HEIGHT_REGEX = /height:.*?px;\s*width:.*?px/;
+var DEFAULT_RENDER_BUFFER = 3;
+
+CollectionRepeatDirective.$inject = ['$ionicCollectionManager', '$parse', '$window', '$$rAF', '$rootScope', '$timeout'];
+function CollectionRepeatDirective($ionicCollectionManager, $parse, $window, $$rAF, $rootScope, $timeout) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 1000,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    $$tlb: true,
+    require: '^^$ionicScroll',
+    link: postLink
+  };
+
+  function postLink(scope, element, attr, scrollCtrl, transclude) {
+    var scrollView = scrollCtrl.scrollView;
+    var node = element[0];
+    var containerNode = angular.element('<div class="collection-repeat-container">')[0];
+    node.parentNode.replaceChild(containerNode, node);
+
+    if (scrollView.options.scrollingX && scrollView.options.scrollingY) {
+      throw new Error("collection-repeat expected a parent x or y scrollView, not " +
+                      "an xy scrollView.");
+    }
+
+    var repeatExpr = attr.collectionRepeat;
+    var match = repeatExpr.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/);
+    if (!match) {
+      throw new Error("collection-repeat expected expression in form of '_item_ in " +
+                      "_collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '" + attr.collectionRepeat + "'.");
+    }
+    var keyExpr = match[1];
+    var listExpr = match[2];
+    var listGetter = $parse(listExpr);
+    var heightData = {};
+    var widthData = {};
+    var computedStyleDimensions = {};
+    var data = [];
+    var repeatManager;
+
+    // attr.collectionBufferSize is deprecated
+    var renderBufferExpr = attr.itemRenderBuffer || attr.collectionBufferSize;
+    var renderBuffer = angular.isDefined(renderBufferExpr) ?
+      parseInt(renderBufferExpr) :
+      DEFAULT_RENDER_BUFFER;
+
+    // attr.collectionItemHeight is deprecated
+    var heightExpr = attr.itemHeight || attr.collectionItemHeight;
+    // attr.collectionItemWidth is deprecated
+    var widthExpr = attr.itemWidth || attr.collectionItemWidth;
+
+    var afterItemsContainer = initAfterItemsContainer();
+
+    var changeValidator = makeChangeValidator();
+    initDimensions();
+
+    // Dimensions are refreshed on resize or data change.
+    scrollCtrl.$element.on('scroll-resize', refreshDimensions);
+
+    angular.element($window).on('resize', onResize);
+    var unlistenToExposeAside = $rootScope.$on('$ionicExposeAside', ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function() {
+      scrollCtrl.scrollView.resize();
+      onResize();
+    }));
+    $timeout(refreshDimensions, 0, false);
+
+    function onResize() {
+      if (changeValidator.resizeRequiresRefresh(scrollView.__clientWidth, scrollView.__clientHeight)) {
+        refreshDimensions();
+      }
+    }
+
+    scope.$watchCollection(listGetter, function(newValue) {
+      data = newValue || (newValue = []);
+      if (!angular.isArray(newValue)) {
+        throw new Error("collection-repeat expected an array for '" + listExpr + "', " +
+          "but got a " + typeof value);
+      }
+      // Wait for this digest to end before refreshing everything.
+      scope.$$postDigest(function() {
+        getRepeatManager().setData(data);
+        if (changeValidator.dataChangeRequiresRefresh(data)) refreshDimensions();
+      });
+    });
+
+    scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      angular.element($window).off('resize', onResize);
+      unlistenToExposeAside();
+      scrollCtrl.$element && scrollCtrl.$element.off('scroll-resize', refreshDimensions);
+
+      computedStyleNode && computedStyleNode.parentNode &&
+        computedStyleNode.parentNode.removeChild(computedStyleNode);
+      computedStyleScope && computedStyleScope.$destroy();
+      computedStyleScope = computedStyleNode = null;
+
+      repeatManager && repeatManager.destroy();
+      repeatManager = null;
+    });
+
+    function makeChangeValidator() {
+      var self;
+      return (self = {
+        dataLength: 0,
+        width: 0,
+        height: 0,
+        // A resize triggers a refresh only if we have data, the scrollView has size,
+        // and the size has changed.
+        resizeRequiresRefresh: function(newWidth, newHeight) {
+          var requiresRefresh = self.dataLength && newWidth && newHeight &&
+            (newWidth !== self.width || newHeight !== self.height);
+
+          self.width = newWidth;
+          self.height = newHeight;
+
+          return !!requiresRefresh;
+        },
+        // A change in data only triggers a refresh if the data has length, or if the data's
+        // length is less than before.
+        dataChangeRequiresRefresh: function(newData) {
+          var requiresRefresh = newData.length > 0 || newData.length < self.dataLength;
+
+          self.dataLength = newData.length;
+
+          return !!requiresRefresh;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    function getRepeatManager() {
+      return repeatManager || (repeatManager = new $ionicCollectionManager({
+        afterItemsNode: afterItemsContainer[0],
+        containerNode: containerNode,
+        heightData: heightData,
+        widthData: widthData,
+        forceRefreshImages: !!(isDefined(attr.forceRefreshImages) && attr.forceRefreshImages !== 'false'),
+        keyExpression: keyExpr,
+        renderBuffer: renderBuffer,
+        scope: scope,
+        scrollView: scrollCtrl.scrollView,
+        transclude: transclude
+      }));
+    }
+
+    function initAfterItemsContainer() {
+      var container = angular.element(
+        scrollView.__content.querySelector('.collection-repeat-after-container')
+      );
+      // Put everything in the view after the repeater into a container.
+      if (!container.length) {
+        var elementIsAfterRepeater = false;
+        var afterNodes = [].filter.call(scrollView.__content.childNodes, function(node) {
+          if (ionic.DomUtil.contains(node, containerNode)) {
+            elementIsAfterRepeater = true;
+            return false;
+          }
+          return elementIsAfterRepeater;
+        });
+        container = angular.element('<span class="collection-repeat-after-container">');
+        if (scrollView.options.scrollingX) {
+          container.addClass('horizontal');
+        }
+        container.append(afterNodes);
+        scrollView.__content.appendChild(container[0]);
+      }
+      return container;
+    }
+
+    function initDimensions() {
+      //Height and width have four 'modes':
+      //1) Computed Mode
+      //  - Nothing is supplied, so we getComputedStyle() on one element in the list and use
+      //    that width and height value for the width and height of every item. This is re-computed
+      //    every resize.
+      //2) Constant Mode, Static Integer
+      //  - The user provides a constant number for width or height, in pixels. We parse it,
+      //    store it on the `value` field, and it never changes
+      //3) Constant Mode, Percent
+      //  - The user provides a percent string for width or height. The getter for percent is
+      //    stored on the `getValue()` field, and is re-evaluated once every resize. The result
+      //    is stored on the `value` field.
+      //4) Dynamic Mode
+      //  - The user provides a dynamic expression for the width or height.  This is re-evaluated
+      //    for every item, stored on the `.getValue()` field.
+      if (heightExpr) {
+        parseDimensionAttr(heightExpr, heightData);
+      } else {
+        heightData.computed = true;
+      }
+      if (widthExpr) {
+        parseDimensionAttr(widthExpr, widthData);
+      } else {
+        widthData.computed = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    function refreshDimensions() {
+      var hasData = data.length > 0;
+
+      if (hasData && (heightData.computed || widthData.computed)) {
+        computeStyleDimensions();
+      }
+
+      if (hasData && heightData.computed) {
+        heightData.value = computedStyleDimensions.height;
+        if (!heightData.value) {
+          throw new Error('collection-repeat tried to compute the height of repeated elements "' +
+            repeatExpr + '", but was unable to. Please provide the "item-height" attribute. ' +
+            'http://ionicframework.com/docs/api/directive/collectionRepeat/');
+        }
+      } else if (!heightData.dynamic && heightData.getValue) {
+        // If it's a constant with a getter (eg percent), we just refresh .value after resize
+        heightData.value = heightData.getValue();
+      }
+
+      if (hasData && widthData.computed) {
+        widthData.value = computedStyleDimensions.width;
+        if (!widthData.value) {
+          throw new Error('collection-repeat tried to compute the width of repeated elements "' +
+            repeatExpr + '", but was unable to. Please provide the "item-width" attribute. ' +
+            'http://ionicframework.com/docs/api/directive/collectionRepeat/');
+        }
+      } else if (!widthData.dynamic && widthData.getValue) {
+        // If it's a constant with a getter (eg percent), we just refresh .value after resize
+        widthData.value = widthData.getValue();
+      }
+      // Dynamic dimensions aren't updated on resize. Since they're already dynamic anyway,
+      // .getValue() will be used.
+
+      getRepeatManager().refreshLayout();
+    }
+
+    function parseDimensionAttr(attrValue, dimensionData) {
+      if (!attrValue) return;
+
+      var parsedValue;
+      // Try to just parse the plain attr value
+      try {
+        parsedValue = $parse(attrValue);
+      } catch (e) {
+        // If the parse fails and the value has `px` or `%` in it, surround the attr in
+        // quotes, to attempt to let the user provide a simple `attr="100%"` or `attr="100px"`
+        if (attrValue.trim().match(/\d+(px|%)$/)) {
+          attrValue = '"' + attrValue + '"';
+        }
+        parsedValue = $parse(attrValue);
+      }
+
+      var constantAttrValue = attrValue.replace(/(\'|\"|px|%)/g, '').trim();
+      var isConstant = constantAttrValue.length && !/([a-zA-Z]|\$|:|\?)/.test(constantAttrValue);
+      dimensionData.attrValue = attrValue;
+
+      // If it's a constant, it's either a percent or just a constant pixel number.
+      if (isConstant) {
+        var intValue = parseInt(parsedValue());
+
+        // For percents, store the percent getter on .getValue()
+        if (attrValue.indexOf('%') > -1) {
+          var decimalValue = intValue / 100;
+          dimensionData.getValue = dimensionData === heightData ?
+            function() { return Math.floor(decimalValue * scrollView.__clientHeight); } :
+            function() { return Math.floor(decimalValue * scrollView.__clientWidth); };
+        } else {
+          // For static constants, just store the static constant.
+          dimensionData.value = intValue;
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        dimensionData.dynamic = true;
+        dimensionData.getValue = dimensionData === heightData ?
+          function heightGetter(scope, locals) {
+            var result = parsedValue(scope, locals);
+            if (result.charAt && result.charAt(result.length - 1) === '%') {
+              return Math.floor(parseInt(result) / 100 * scrollView.__clientHeight);
+            }
+            return parseInt(result);
+          } :
+          function widthGetter(scope, locals) {
+            var result = parsedValue(scope, locals);
+            if (result.charAt && result.charAt(result.length - 1) === '%') {
+              return Math.floor(parseInt(result) / 100 * scrollView.__clientWidth);
+            }
+            return parseInt(result);
+          };
+      }
+    }
+
+    var computedStyleNode;
+    var computedStyleScope;
+    function computeStyleDimensions() {
+      if (!computedStyleNode) {
+        transclude(computedStyleScope = scope.$new(), function(clone) {
+          clone[0].removeAttribute('collection-repeat'); // remove absolute position styling
+          computedStyleNode = clone[0];
+        });
+      }
+
+      computedStyleScope[keyExpr] = (listGetter(scope) || [])[0];
+      if (!$rootScope.$$phase) computedStyleScope.$digest();
+      containerNode.appendChild(computedStyleNode);
+
+      var style = $window.getComputedStyle(computedStyleNode);
+      computedStyleDimensions.width = parseInt(style.width);
+      computedStyleDimensions.height = parseInt(style.height);
+
+      containerNode.removeChild(computedStyleNode);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+RepeatManagerFactory.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$$rAF'];
+function RepeatManagerFactory($rootScope, $window, $$rAF) {
+  var EMPTY_DIMENSION = { primaryPos: 0, secondaryPos: 0, primarySize: 0, secondarySize: 0, rowPrimarySize: 0 };
+
+  return function RepeatController(options) {
+    var afterItemsNode = options.afterItemsNode;
+    var containerNode = options.containerNode;
+    var forceRefreshImages = options.forceRefreshImages;
+    var heightData = options.heightData;
+    var widthData = options.widthData;
+    var keyExpression = options.keyExpression;
+    var renderBuffer = options.renderBuffer;
+    var scope = options.scope;
+    var scrollView = options.scrollView;
+    var transclude = options.transclude;
+
+    var data = [];
+
+    var getterLocals = {};
+    var heightFn = heightData.getValue || function() { return heightData.value; };
+    var heightGetter = function(index, value) {
+      getterLocals[keyExpression] = value;
+      getterLocals.$index = index;
+      return heightFn(scope, getterLocals);
+    };
+
+    var widthFn = widthData.getValue || function() { return widthData.value; };
+    var widthGetter = function(index, value) {
+      getterLocals[keyExpression] = value;
+      getterLocals.$index = index;
+      return widthFn(scope, getterLocals);
+    };
+
+    var isVertical = !!scrollView.options.scrollingY;
+
+    // We say it's a grid view if we're either dynamic or not 100% width
+    var isGridView = isVertical ?
+      (widthData.dynamic || widthData.value !== scrollView.__clientWidth) :
+      (heightData.dynamic || heightData.value !== scrollView.__clientHeight);
+
+    var isStaticView = !heightData.dynamic && !widthData.dynamic;
+
+    var PRIMARY = 'PRIMARY';
+    var SECONDARY = 'SECONDARY';
+    var TRANSLATE_TEMPLATE_STR = isVertical ?
+      'translate3d(SECONDARYpx,PRIMARYpx,0)' :
+      'translate3d(PRIMARYpx,SECONDARYpx,0)';
+    var WIDTH_HEIGHT_TEMPLATE_STR = isVertical ?
+      'height: PRIMARYpx; width: SECONDARYpx;' :
+      'height: SECONDARYpx; width: PRIMARYpx;';
+
+    var estimatedHeight;
+    var estimatedWidth;
+
+    var repeaterBeforeSize = 0;
+    var repeaterAfterSize = 0;
+
+    var renderStartIndex = -1;
+    var renderEndIndex = -1;
+    var renderAfterBoundary = -1;
+    var renderBeforeBoundary = -1;
+
+    var itemsPool = [];
+    var itemsLeaving = [];
+    var itemsEntering = [];
+    var itemsShownMap = {};
+    var nextItemId = 0;
+
+    var scrollViewSetDimensions = isVertical ?
+      function() { scrollView.setDimensions(null, null, null, view.getContentSize(), true); } :
+      function() { scrollView.setDimensions(null, null, view.getContentSize(), null, true); };
+
+    // view is a mix of list/grid methods + static/dynamic methods.
+    // See bottom for implementations. Available methods:
+    //
+    // getEstimatedPrimaryPos(i), getEstimatedSecondaryPos(i), getEstimatedIndex(scrollTop),
+    // calculateDimensions(toIndex), getDimensions(index),
+    // updateRenderRange(scrollTop, scrollValueEnd), onRefreshLayout(), onRefreshData()
+    var view = isVertical ? new VerticalViewType() : new HorizontalViewType();
+    (isGridView ? GridViewType : ListViewType).call(view);
+    (isStaticView ? StaticViewType : DynamicViewType).call(view);
+
+    var contentSizeStr = isVertical ? 'getContentHeight' : 'getContentWidth';
+    var originalGetContentSize = scrollView.options[contentSizeStr];
+    scrollView.options[contentSizeStr] = angular.bind(view, view.getContentSize);
+
+    scrollView.__$callback = scrollView.__callback;
+    scrollView.__callback = function(transformLeft, transformTop, zoom, wasResize) {
+      var scrollValue = view.getScrollValue();
+      if (renderStartIndex === -1 ||
+          scrollValue + view.scrollPrimarySize > renderAfterBoundary ||
+          scrollValue < renderBeforeBoundary) {
+        render();
+      }
+      scrollView.__$callback(transformLeft, transformTop, zoom, wasResize);
+    };
+
+    var isLayoutReady = false;
+    var isDataReady = false;
+    this.refreshLayout = function() {
+      if (data.length) {
+        estimatedHeight = heightGetter(0, data[0]);
+        estimatedWidth = widthGetter(0, data[0]);
+      } else {
+        // If we don't have any data in our array, just guess.
+        estimatedHeight = 100;
+        estimatedWidth = 100;
+      }
+
+      // Get the size of every element AFTER the repeater. We have to get the margin before and
+      // after the first/last element to fix a browser bug with getComputedStyle() not counting
+      // the first/last child's margins into height.
+      var style = getComputedStyle(afterItemsNode) || {};
+      var firstStyle = afterItemsNode.firstElementChild && getComputedStyle(afterItemsNode.firstElementChild) || {};
+      var lastStyle = afterItemsNode.lastElementChild && getComputedStyle(afterItemsNode.lastElementChild) || {};
+      repeaterAfterSize = (parseInt(style[isVertical ? 'height' : 'width']) || 0) +
+        (firstStyle && parseInt(firstStyle[isVertical ? 'marginTop' : 'marginLeft']) || 0) +
+        (lastStyle && parseInt(lastStyle[isVertical ? 'marginBottom' : 'marginRight']) || 0);
+
+      // Get the offsetTop of the repeater.
+      repeaterBeforeSize = 0;
+      var current = containerNode;
+      do {
+        repeaterBeforeSize += current[isVertical ? 'offsetTop' : 'offsetLeft'];
+      } while ( ionic.DomUtil.contains(scrollView.__content, current = current.offsetParent) );
+
+      var containerPrevNode = containerNode.previousElementSibling;
+      var beforeStyle = containerPrevNode ? $window.getComputedStyle(containerPrevNode) : {};
+      var beforeMargin = parseInt(beforeStyle[isVertical ? 'marginBottom' : 'marginRight'] || 0);
+
+      // Because we position the collection container with position: relative, it doesn't take
+      // into account where to position itself relative to the previous element's marginBottom.
+      // To compensate, we translate the container up by the previous element's margin.
+      containerNode.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = TRANSLATE_TEMPLATE_STR
+        .replace(PRIMARY, -beforeMargin)
+        .replace(SECONDARY, 0);
+      repeaterBeforeSize -= beforeMargin;
+
+      if (!scrollView.__clientHeight || !scrollView.__clientWidth) {
+        scrollView.__clientWidth = scrollView.__container.clientWidth;
+        scrollView.__clientHeight = scrollView.__container.clientHeight;
+      }
+
+      (view.onRefreshLayout || angular.noop)();
+      view.refreshDirection();
+      scrollViewSetDimensions();
+
+      // Create the pool of items for reuse, setting the size to (estimatedItemsOnScreen) * 2,
+      // plus the size of the renderBuffer.
+      if (!isLayoutReady) {
+        var poolSize = Math.max(20, renderBuffer * 3);
+        for (var i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
+          itemsPool.push(new RepeatItem());
+        }
+      }
+
+      isLayoutReady = true;
+      if (isLayoutReady && isDataReady) {
+        // If the resize or latest data change caused the scrollValue to
+        // now be out of bounds, resize the scrollView.
+        if (scrollView.__scrollLeft > scrollView.__maxScrollLeft ||
+            scrollView.__scrollTop > scrollView.__maxScrollTop) {
+          scrollView.resize();
+        }
+        forceRerender(true);
+      }
+    };
+
+    this.setData = function(newData) {
+      data = newData;
+      (view.onRefreshData || angular.noop)();
+      isDataReady = true;
+    };
+
+    this.destroy = function() {
+      render.destroyed = true;
+
+      itemsPool.forEach(function(item) {
+        item.scope.$destroy();
+        item.scope = item.element = item.node = item.images = null;
+      });
+      itemsPool.length = itemsEntering.length = itemsLeaving.length = 0;
+      itemsShownMap = {};
+
+      //Restore the scrollView's normal behavior and resize it to normal size.
+      scrollView.options[contentSizeStr] = originalGetContentSize;
+      scrollView.__callback = scrollView.__$callback;
+      scrollView.resize();
+
+      (view.onDestroy || angular.noop)();
+    };
+
+    function forceRerender() {
+      return render(true);
+    }
+    function render(forceRerender) {
+      if (render.destroyed) return;
+      var i;
+      var ii;
+      var item;
+      var dim;
+      var scope;
+      var scrollValue = view.getScrollValue();
+      var scrollValueEnd = scrollValue + view.scrollPrimarySize;
+
+      view.updateRenderRange(scrollValue, scrollValueEnd);
+
+      renderStartIndex = Math.max(0, renderStartIndex - renderBuffer);
+      renderEndIndex = Math.min(data.length - 1, renderEndIndex + renderBuffer);
+
+      for (i in itemsShownMap) {
+        if (i < renderStartIndex || i > renderEndIndex) {
+          item = itemsShownMap[i];
+          delete itemsShownMap[i];
+          itemsLeaving.push(item);
+          item.isShown = false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Render indicies that aren't shown yet
+      //
+      // NOTE(ajoslin): this may sound crazy, but calling any other functions during this render
+      // loop will often push the render time over the edge from less than one frame to over
+      // one frame, causing visible jank.
+      // DON'T call any other functions inside this loop unless it's vital.
+      for (i = renderStartIndex; i <= renderEndIndex; i++) {
+        // We only go forward with render if the index is in data, the item isn't already shown,
+        // or forceRerender is on.
+        if (i >= data.length || (itemsShownMap[i] && !forceRerender)) continue;
+
+        item = itemsShownMap[i] || (itemsShownMap[i] = itemsLeaving.length ? itemsLeaving.pop() :
+                                    itemsPool.length ? itemsPool.shift() :
+                                    new RepeatItem());
+        itemsEntering.push(item);
+        item.isShown = true;
+
+        scope = item.scope;
+        scope.$index = i;
+        scope[keyExpression] = data[i];
+        scope.$first = (i === 0);
+        scope.$last = (i === (data.length - 1));
+        scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
+        scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (i & 1) === 0);
+
+        if (scope.$$disconnected) ionic.Utils.reconnectScope(item.scope);
+
+        dim = view.getDimensions(i);
+        if (item.secondaryPos !== dim.secondaryPos || item.primaryPos !== dim.primaryPos) {
+          item.node.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = TRANSLATE_TEMPLATE_STR
+            .replace(PRIMARY, (item.primaryPos = dim.primaryPos))
+            .replace(SECONDARY, (item.secondaryPos = dim.secondaryPos));
+        }
+        if (item.secondarySize !== dim.secondarySize || item.primarySize !== dim.primarySize) {
+          item.node.style.cssText = item.node.style.cssText
+            .replace(WIDTH_HEIGHT_REGEX, WIDTH_HEIGHT_TEMPLATE_STR
+              //TODO fix item.primarySize + 1 hack
+              .replace(PRIMARY, (item.primarySize = dim.primarySize) + 1)
+              .replace(SECONDARY, (item.secondarySize = dim.secondarySize))
+            );
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      // If we reach the end of the list, render the afterItemsNode - this contains all the
+      // elements the developer placed after the collection-repeat
+      if (renderEndIndex === data.length - 1) {
+        dim = view.getDimensions(data.length - 1) || EMPTY_DIMENSION;
+        afterItemsNode.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = TRANSLATE_TEMPLATE_STR
+          .replace(PRIMARY, dim.primaryPos + dim.primarySize)
+          .replace(SECONDARY, 0);
+      }
+
+      while (itemsLeaving.length) {
+        item = itemsLeaving.pop();
+        item.scope.$broadcast('$collectionRepeatLeave');
+        ionic.Utils.disconnectScope(item.scope);
+        itemsPool.push(item);
+        item.node.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(-9999px,-9999px,0)';
+        item.primaryPos = item.secondaryPos = null;
+      }
+
+      if (forceRefreshImages) {
+        for (i = 0, ii = itemsEntering.length; i < ii && (item = itemsEntering[i]); i++) {
+          if (!item.images) continue;
+          for (var j = 0, jj = item.images.length, img; j < jj && (img = item.images[j]); j++) {
+            var src = img.src;
+            img.src = ONE_PX_TRANSPARENT_IMG_SRC;
+            img.src = src;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (forceRerender) {
+        var rootScopePhase = $rootScope.$$phase;
+        while (itemsEntering.length) {
+          item = itemsEntering.pop();
+          if (!rootScopePhase) item.scope.$digest();
+        }
+      } else {
+        digestEnteringItems();
+      }
+    }
+
+    function digestEnteringItems() {
+      var item;
+      if (digestEnteringItems.running) return;
+      digestEnteringItems.running = true;
+
+      $$rAF(function process() {
+        var rootScopePhase = $rootScope.$$phase;
+        while (itemsEntering.length) {
+          item = itemsEntering.pop();
+          if (item.isShown) {
+            if (!rootScopePhase) item.scope.$digest();
+          }
+        }
+        digestEnteringItems.running = false;
+      });
+    }
+
+    function RepeatItem() {
+      var self = this;
+      this.scope = scope.$new();
+      this.id = 'item' + (nextItemId++);
+      transclude(this.scope, function(clone) {
+        self.element = clone;
+        self.element.data('$$collectionRepeatItem', self);
+        // TODO destroy
+        self.node = clone[0];
+        // Batch style setting to lower repaints
+        self.node.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(-9999px,-9999px,0)';
+        self.node.style.cssText += ' height: 0px; width: 0px;';
+        ionic.Utils.disconnectScope(self.scope);
+        containerNode.appendChild(self.node);
+        self.images = clone[0].getElementsByTagName('img');
+      });
+    }
+
+    function VerticalViewType() {
+      this.getItemPrimarySize = heightGetter;
+      this.getItemSecondarySize = widthGetter;
+
+      this.getScrollValue = function() {
+        return Math.max(0, Math.min(scrollView.__scrollTop - repeaterBeforeSize,
+          scrollView.__maxScrollTop - repeaterBeforeSize - repeaterAfterSize));
+      };
+
+      this.refreshDirection = function() {
+        this.scrollPrimarySize = scrollView.__clientHeight;
+        this.scrollSecondarySize = scrollView.__clientWidth;
+
+        this.estimatedPrimarySize = estimatedHeight;
+        this.estimatedSecondarySize = estimatedWidth;
+        this.estimatedItemsAcross = isGridView &&
+          Math.floor(scrollView.__clientWidth / estimatedWidth) ||
+          1;
+      };
+    }
+    function HorizontalViewType() {
+      this.getItemPrimarySize = widthGetter;
+      this.getItemSecondarySize = heightGetter;
+
+      this.getScrollValue = function() {
+        return Math.max(0, Math.min(scrollView.__scrollLeft - repeaterBeforeSize,
+          scrollView.__maxScrollLeft - repeaterBeforeSize - repeaterAfterSize));
+      };
+
+      this.refreshDirection = function() {
+        this.scrollPrimarySize = scrollView.__clientWidth;
+        this.scrollSecondarySize = scrollView.__clientHeight;
+
+        this.estimatedPrimarySize = estimatedWidth;
+        this.estimatedSecondarySize = estimatedHeight;
+        this.estimatedItemsAcross = isGridView &&
+          Math.floor(scrollView.__clientHeight / estimatedHeight) ||
+          1;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function GridViewType() {
+      this.getEstimatedSecondaryPos = function(index) {
+        return (index % this.estimatedItemsAcross) * this.estimatedSecondarySize;
+      };
+      this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos = function(index) {
+        return Math.floor(index / this.estimatedItemsAcross) * this.estimatedPrimarySize;
+      };
+      this.getEstimatedIndex = function(scrollValue) {
+        return Math.floor(scrollValue / this.estimatedPrimarySize) *
+          this.estimatedItemsAcross;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function ListViewType() {
+      this.getEstimatedSecondaryPos = function() {
+        return 0;
+      };
+      this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos = function(index) {
+        return index * this.estimatedPrimarySize;
+      };
+      this.getEstimatedIndex = function(scrollValue) {
+        return Math.floor((scrollValue) / this.estimatedPrimarySize);
+      };
+    }
+
+    function StaticViewType() {
+      this.getContentSize = function() {
+        return this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos(data.length - 1) + this.estimatedPrimarySize +
+          repeaterBeforeSize + repeaterAfterSize;
+      };
+      // static view always returns the same object for getDimensions, to avoid memory allocation
+      // while scrolling. This could be dangerous if this was a public function, but it's not.
+      // Only we use it.
+      var dim = {};
+      this.getDimensions = function(index) {
+        dim.primaryPos = this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos(index);
+        dim.secondaryPos = this.getEstimatedSecondaryPos(index);
+        dim.primarySize = this.estimatedPrimarySize;
+        dim.secondarySize = this.estimatedSecondarySize;
+        return dim;
+      };
+      this.updateRenderRange = function(scrollValue, scrollValueEnd) {
+        renderStartIndex = Math.max(0, this.getEstimatedIndex(scrollValue));
+
+        // Make sure the renderEndIndex takes into account all the items on the row
+        renderEndIndex = Math.min(data.length - 1,
+          this.getEstimatedIndex(scrollValueEnd) + this.estimatedItemsAcross - 1);
+
+        renderBeforeBoundary = Math.max(0,
+          this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos(renderStartIndex));
+        renderAfterBoundary = this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos(renderEndIndex) +
+          this.estimatedPrimarySize;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function DynamicViewType() {
+      var self = this;
+      var debouncedScrollViewSetDimensions = ionic.debounce(scrollViewSetDimensions, 25, true);
+      var calculateDimensions = isGridView ? calculateDimensionsGrid : calculateDimensionsList;
+      var dimensionsIndex;
+      var dimensions = [];
+
+
+      // Get the dimensions at index. {width, height, left, top}.
+      // We start with no dimensions calculated, then any time dimensions are asked for at an
+      // index we calculate dimensions up to there.
+      function calculateDimensionsList(toIndex) {
+        var i, prevDimension, dim;
+        for (i = Math.max(0, dimensionsIndex); i <= toIndex && (dim = dimensions[i]); i++) {
+          prevDimension = dimensions[i - 1] || EMPTY_DIMENSION;
+          dim.primarySize = self.getItemPrimarySize(i, data[i]);
+          dim.secondarySize = self.scrollSecondarySize;
+          dim.primaryPos = prevDimension.primaryPos + prevDimension.primarySize;
+          dim.secondaryPos = 0;
+        }
+      }
+      function calculateDimensionsGrid(toIndex) {
+        var i, prevDimension, dim;
+        for (i = Math.max(dimensionsIndex, 0); i <= toIndex && (dim = dimensions[i]); i++) {
+          prevDimension = dimensions[i - 1] || EMPTY_DIMENSION;
+          dim.secondarySize = Math.min(
+            self.getItemSecondarySize(i, data[i]),
+            self.scrollSecondarySize
+          );
+          dim.secondaryPos = prevDimension.secondaryPos + prevDimension.secondarySize;
+
+          if (i === 0 || dim.secondaryPos + dim.secondarySize > self.scrollSecondarySize) {
+            dim.secondaryPos = 0;
+            dim.primarySize = self.getItemPrimarySize(i, data[i]);
+            dim.primaryPos = prevDimension.primaryPos + prevDimension.rowPrimarySize;
+
+            dim.rowStartIndex = i;
+            dim.rowPrimarySize = dim.primarySize;
+          } else {
+            dim.primarySize = self.getItemPrimarySize(i, data[i]);
+            dim.primaryPos = prevDimension.primaryPos;
+            dim.rowStartIndex = prevDimension.rowStartIndex;
+
+            dimensions[dim.rowStartIndex].rowPrimarySize = dim.rowPrimarySize = Math.max(
+              dimensions[dim.rowStartIndex].rowPrimarySize,
+              dim.primarySize
+            );
+            dim.rowPrimarySize = Math.max(dim.primarySize, dim.rowPrimarySize);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.getContentSize = function() {
+        var dim = dimensions[dimensionsIndex] || EMPTY_DIMENSION;
+        return ((dim.primaryPos + dim.primarySize) || 0) +
+          this.getEstimatedPrimaryPos(data.length - dimensionsIndex - 1) +
+          repeaterBeforeSize + repeaterAfterSize;
+      };
+      this.onDestroy = function() {
+        dimensions.length = 0;
+      };
+
+      this.onRefreshData = function() {
+        var i;
+        var ii;
+        // Make sure dimensions has as many items as data.length.
+        // This is to be sure we don't have to allocate objects while scrolling.
+        for (i = dimensions.length, ii = data.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          dimensions.push({});
+        }
+        dimensionsIndex = -1;
+      };
+      this.onRefreshLayout = function() {
+        dimensionsIndex = -1;
+      };
+      this.getDimensions = function(index) {
+        index = Math.min(index, data.length - 1);
+
+        if (dimensionsIndex < index) {
+          // Once we start asking for dimensions near the end of the list, go ahead and calculate
+          // everything. This is to make sure when the user gets to the end of the list, the
+          // scroll height of the list is 100% accurate (not estimated anymore).
+          if (index > data.length * 0.9) {
+            calculateDimensions(data.length - 1);
+            dimensionsIndex = data.length - 1;
+            scrollViewSetDimensions();
+          } else {
+            calculateDimensions(index);
+            dimensionsIndex = index;
+            debouncedScrollViewSetDimensions();
+          }
+
+        }
+        return dimensions[index];
+      };
+
+      var oldRenderStartIndex = -1;
+      var oldScrollValue = -1;
+      this.updateRenderRange = function(scrollValue, scrollValueEnd) {
+        var i;
+        var len;
+        var dim;
+
+        // Calculate more dimensions than we estimate we'll need, to be sure.
+        this.getDimensions( this.getEstimatedIndex(scrollValueEnd) * 2 );
+
+        // -- Calculate renderStartIndex
+        // base case: start at 0
+        if (oldRenderStartIndex === -1 || scrollValue === 0) {
+          i = 0;
+        // scrolling down
+        } else if (scrollValue >= oldScrollValue) {
+          for (i = oldRenderStartIndex, len = data.length; i < len; i++) {
+            if ((dim = this.getDimensions(i)) && dim.primaryPos + dim.rowPrimarySize >= scrollValue) {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        // scrolling up
+        } else {
+          for (i = oldRenderStartIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if ((dim = this.getDimensions(i)) && dim.primaryPos <= scrollValue) {
+              // when grid view, make sure the render starts at the beginning of a row.
+              i = isGridView ? dim.rowStartIndex : i;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        renderStartIndex = Math.min(Math.max(0, i), data.length - 1);
+        renderBeforeBoundary = renderStartIndex !== -1 ? this.getDimensions(renderStartIndex).primaryPos : -1;
+
+        // -- Calculate renderEndIndex
+        var lastRowDim;
+        for (i = renderStartIndex + 1, len = data.length; i < len; i++) {
+          if ((dim = this.getDimensions(i)) && dim.primaryPos + dim.rowPrimarySize > scrollValueEnd) {
+
+            // Go all the way to the end of the row if we're in a grid
+            if (isGridView) {
+              lastRowDim = dim;
+              while (i < len - 1 &&
+                    (dim = this.getDimensions(i + 1)).primaryPos === lastRowDim.primaryPos) {
+                i++;
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        renderEndIndex = Math.min(i, data.length - 1);
+        renderAfterBoundary = renderEndIndex !== -1 ?
+          ((dim = this.getDimensions(renderEndIndex)).primaryPos + (dim.rowPrimarySize || dim.primarySize)) :
+          -1;
+
+        oldScrollValue = scrollValue;
+        oldRenderStartIndex = renderStartIndex;
+      };
+    }
+
+
+  };
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionContent
+ * @module ionic
+ * @delegate ionic.service:$ionicScrollDelegate
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ionContent directive provides an easy to use content area that can be configured
+ * to use Ionic's custom Scroll View, or the built in overflow scrolling of the browser.
+ *
+ * While we recommend using the custom Scroll features in Ionic in most cases, sometimes
+ * (for performance reasons) only the browser's native overflow scrolling will suffice,
+ * and so we've made it easy to toggle between the Ionic scroll implementation and
+ * overflow scrolling.
+ *
+ * You can implement pull-to-refresh with the {@link ionic.directive:ionRefresher}
+ * directive, and infinite scrolling with the {@link ionic.directive:ionInfiniteScroll}
+ * directive.
+ *
+ * Be aware that this directive gets its own child scope. If you do not understand why this
+ * is important, you can read [https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/scope](https://docs.angularjs.org/guide/scope).
+ *
+ * @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify this scrollView
+ * with {@link ionic.service:$ionicScrollDelegate}.
+ * @param {string=} direction Which way to scroll. 'x' or 'y' or 'xy'. Default 'y'.
+ * @param {boolean=} locking Whether to lock scrolling in one direction at a time. Useful to set to false when zoomed in or scrolling in two directions. Default true.
+ * @param {boolean=} padding Whether to add padding to the content.
+ * of the content.  Defaults to true on iOS, false on Android.
+ * @param {boolean=} scroll Whether to allow scrolling of content.  Defaults to true.
+ * @param {boolean=} overflow-scroll Whether to use overflow-scrolling instead of
+ * Ionic scroll.
+ * @param {boolean=} scrollbar-x Whether to show the horizontal scrollbar. Default true.
+ * @param {boolean=} scrollbar-y Whether to show the vertical scrollbar. Default true.
+ * @param {string=} start-x Initial horizontal scroll position. Default 0.
+ * @param {string=} start-y Initial vertical scroll position. Default 0.
+ * @param {expression=} on-scroll Expression to evaluate when the content is scrolled.
+ * @param {expression=} on-scroll-complete Expression to evaluate when a scroll action completes. Has access to 'scrollLeft' and 'scrollTop' locals.
+ * @param {boolean=} has-bouncing Whether to allow scrolling to bounce past the edges
+ * of the content.  Defaults to true on iOS, false on Android.
+ * @param {number=} scroll-event-interval Number of milliseconds between each firing of the 'on-scroll' expression. Default 10.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionContent', [
+  '$timeout',
+  '$controller',
+  '$ionicBind',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+function($timeout, $controller, $ionicBind, $ionicConfig) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '^?ionNavView',
+    scope: true,
+    priority: 800,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var innerElement;
+      var scrollCtrl;
+
+      element.addClass('scroll-content ionic-scroll');
+
+      if (attr.scroll != 'false') {
+        //We cannot use normal transclude here because it breaks element.data()
+        //inheritance on compile
+        innerElement = jqLite('<div class="scroll"></div>');
+        innerElement.append(element.contents());
+        element.append(innerElement);
+      } else {
+        element.addClass('scroll-content-false');
+      }
+
+      return { pre: prelink };
+      function prelink($scope, $element, $attr) {
+        var parentScope = $scope.$parent;
+        $scope.$watch(function() {
+          return (parentScope.$hasHeader ? ' has-header' : '') +
+            (parentScope.$hasSubheader ? ' has-subheader' : '') +
+            (parentScope.$hasFooter ? ' has-footer' : '') +
+            (parentScope.$hasSubfooter ? ' has-subfooter' : '') +
+            (parentScope.$hasTabs ? ' has-tabs' : '') +
+            (parentScope.$hasTabsTop ? ' has-tabs-top' : '');
+        }, function(className, oldClassName) {
+          $element.removeClass(oldClassName);
+          $element.addClass(className);
+        });
+
+        //Only this ionContent should use these variables from parent scopes
+        $scope.$hasHeader = $scope.$hasSubheader =
+          $scope.$hasFooter = $scope.$hasSubfooter =
+          $scope.$hasTabs = $scope.$hasTabsTop =
+          false;
+        $ionicBind($scope, $attr, {
+          $onScroll: '&onScroll',
+          $onScrollComplete: '&onScrollComplete',
+          hasBouncing: '@',
+          padding: '@',
+          direction: '@',
+          scrollbarX: '@',
+          scrollbarY: '@',
+          startX: '@',
+          startY: '@',
+          scrollEventInterval: '@'
+        });
+        $scope.direction = $scope.direction || 'y';
+
+        if (isDefined($attr.padding)) {
+          $scope.$watch($attr.padding, function(newVal) {
+              (innerElement || $element).toggleClass('padding', !!newVal);
+          });
+        }
+
+        if ($attr.scroll === "false") {
+          //do nothing
+        } else {
+          var scrollViewOptions = {};
+
+          if (attr.overflowScroll === "true" || !$ionicConfig.scrolling.jsScrolling()) {
+            // use native scrolling
+            $element.addClass('overflow-scroll');
+
+            scrollViewOptions = {
+              el: $element[0],
+              delegateHandle: attr.delegateHandle,
+              startX: $scope.$eval($scope.startX) || 0,
+              startY: $scope.$eval($scope.startY) || 0,
+              nativeScrolling: true
+            };
+
+          } else {
+            // Use JS scrolling
+            scrollViewOptions = {
+              el: $element[0],
+              delegateHandle: attr.delegateHandle,
+              locking: (attr.locking || 'true') === 'true',
+              bouncing: $scope.$eval($scope.hasBouncing),
+              startX: $scope.$eval($scope.startX) || 0,
+              startY: $scope.$eval($scope.startY) || 0,
+              scrollbarX: $scope.$eval($scope.scrollbarX) !== false,
+              scrollbarY: $scope.$eval($scope.scrollbarY) !== false,
+              scrollingX: $scope.direction.indexOf('x') >= 0,
+              scrollingY: $scope.direction.indexOf('y') >= 0,
+              scrollEventInterval: parseInt($scope.scrollEventInterval, 10) || 10,
+              scrollingComplete: onScrollComplete
+            };
+          }
+
+          // init scroll controller with appropriate options
+          scrollCtrl = $controller('$ionicScroll', {
+            $scope: $scope,
+            scrollViewOptions: scrollViewOptions
+          });
+
+          $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+            if (scrollViewOptions) {
+              scrollViewOptions.scrollingComplete = noop;
+              delete scrollViewOptions.el;
+            }
+            innerElement = null;
+            $element = null;
+            attr.$$element = null;
+          });
+        }
+
+        function onScrollComplete() {
+          $scope.$onScrollComplete({
+            scrollTop: scrollCtrl.scrollView.__scrollTop,
+            scrollLeft: scrollCtrl.scrollView.__scrollLeft
+          });
+        }
+
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name exposeAsideWhen
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ * @parent ionic.directive:ionSideMenus
+ *
+ * @description
+ * It is common for a tablet application to hide a menu when in portrait mode, but to show the
+ * same menu on the left side when the tablet is in landscape mode. The `exposeAsideWhen` attribute
+ * directive can be used to accomplish a similar interface.
+ *
+ * By default, side menus are hidden underneath its side menu content, and can be opened by either
+ * swiping the content left or right, or toggling a button to show the side menu. However, by adding the
+ * `exposeAsideWhen` attribute directive to an {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenu} element directive,
+ * a side menu can be given instructions on "when" the menu should be exposed (always viewable). For
+ * example, the `expose-aside-when="large"` attribute will keep the side menu hidden when the viewport's
+ * width is less than `768px`, but when the viewport's width is `768px` or greater, the menu will then
+ * always be shown and can no longer be opened or closed like it could when it was hidden for smaller
+ * viewports.
+ *
+ * Using `large` as the attribute's value is a shortcut value to `(min-width:768px)` since it is
+ * the most common use-case. However, for added flexibility, any valid media query could be added
+ * as the value, such as `(min-width:600px)` or even multiple queries such as
+ * `(min-width:750px) and (max-width:1200px)`.
+
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-side-menus>
+ *   <!-- Center content -->
+ *   <ion-side-menu-content>
+ *   </ion-side-menu-content>
+ *
+ *   <!-- Left menu -->
+ *   <ion-side-menu expose-aside-when="large">
+ *   </ion-side-menu>
+ * </ion-side-menus>
+ * ```
+ * For a complete side menu example, see the
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus} documentation.
+ */
+IonicModule.directive('exposeAsideWhen', ['$window', function($window) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    require: '^ionSideMenus',
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, sideMenuCtrl) {
+
+      function checkAsideExpose() {
+        var mq = $attr.exposeAsideWhen == 'large' ? '(min-width:768px)' : $attr.exposeAsideWhen;
+        sideMenuCtrl.exposeAside($window.matchMedia(mq).matches);
+        sideMenuCtrl.activeAsideResizing(false);
+      }
+
+      function onResize() {
+        sideMenuCtrl.activeAsideResizing(true);
+        debouncedCheck();
+      }
+
+      var debouncedCheck = ionic.debounce(function() {
+        $scope.$apply(checkAsideExpose);
+      }, 300, false);
+
+      $scope.$evalAsync(checkAsideExpose);
+
+      ionic.on('resize', onResize, $window);
+
+      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        ionic.off('resize', onResize, $window);
+      });
+
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+var GESTURE_DIRECTIVES = 'onHold onTap onDoubleTap onTouch onRelease onDrag onDragUp onDragRight onDragDown onDragLeft onSwipe onSwipeUp onSwipeRight onSwipeDown onSwipeLeft'.split(' ');
+
+GESTURE_DIRECTIVES.forEach(function(name) {
+  IonicModule.directive(name, gestureDirective(name));
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onHold
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Touch stays at the same location for 500ms. Similar to long touch events available for AngularJS and jQuery.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-hold="onHold()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onTap
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Quick touch at a location. If the duration of the touch goes
+ * longer than 250ms it is no longer a tap gesture.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-tap="onTap()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onDoubleTap
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Double tap touch at a location.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-double-tap="onDoubleTap()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onTouch
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called immediately when the user first begins a touch. This
+ * gesture does not wait for a touchend/mouseup.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-touch="onTouch()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onRelease
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when the user ends a touch.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-release="onRelease()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onDrag
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Move with one touch around on the page. Blocking the scrolling when
+ * moving left and right is a good practice. When all the drag events are
+ * blocking you disable scrolling on that area.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-drag="onDrag()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onDragUp
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when the element is dragged up.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-drag-up="onDragUp()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onDragRight
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when the element is dragged to the right.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-drag-right="onDragRight()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onDragDown
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when the element is dragged down.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-drag-down="onDragDown()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onDragLeft
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when the element is dragged to the left.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-drag-left="onDragLeft()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onSwipe
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when a moving touch has a high velocity in any direction.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-swipe="onSwipe()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onSwipeUp
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when a moving touch has a high velocity moving up.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-swipe-up="onSwipeUp()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onSwipeRight
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when a moving touch has a high velocity moving to the right.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-swipe-right="onSwipeRight()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onSwipeDown
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when a moving touch has a high velocity moving down.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-swipe-down="onSwipeDown()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name onSwipeLeft
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Called when a moving touch has a high velocity moving to the left.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <button on-swipe-left="onSwipeLeft()" class="button">Test</button>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+
+function gestureDirective(directiveName) {
+  return ['$ionicGesture', '$parse', function($ionicGesture, $parse) {
+    var eventType = directiveName.substr(2).toLowerCase();
+
+    return function(scope, element, attr) {
+      var fn = $parse( attr[directiveName] );
+
+      var listener = function(ev) {
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          fn(scope, {
+            $event: ev
+          });
+        });
+      };
+
+      var gesture = $ionicGesture.on(eventType, listener, element);
+
+      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        $ionicGesture.off(gesture, eventType, listener);
+      });
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionHeaderBar', tapScrollToTopDirective())
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionHeaderBar
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Adds a fixed header bar above some content.
+ *
+ * Can also be a subheader (lower down) if the 'bar-subheader' class is applied.
+ * See [the header CSS docs](/docs/components/#subheader).
+ *
+ * @param {string=} align-title How to align the title. By default the title
+ * will be aligned the same as how the platform aligns its titles (iOS centers
+ * titles, Android aligns them left).
+ * Available: 'left', 'right', or 'center'.  Defaults to the same as the platform.
+ * @param {boolean=} no-tap-scroll By default, the header bar will scroll the
+ * content to the top when tapped.  Set no-tap-scroll to true to disable this
+ * behavior.
+ * Available: true or false.  Defaults to false.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-header-bar align-title="left" class="bar-positive">
+ *   <div class="buttons">
+ *     <button class="button" ng-click="doSomething()">Left Button</button>
+ *   </div>
+ *   <h1 class="title">Title!</h1>
+ *   <div class="buttons">
+ *     <button class="button">Right Button</button>
+ *   </div>
+ * </ion-header-bar>
+ * <ion-content>
+ *   Some content!
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ */
+.directive('ionHeaderBar', headerFooterBarDirective(true))
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionFooterBar
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Adds a fixed footer bar below some content.
+ *
+ * Can also be a subfooter (higher up) if the 'bar-subfooter' class is applied.
+ * See [the footer CSS docs](/docs/components/#footer).
+ *
+ * Note: If you use ionFooterBar in combination with ng-if, the surrounding content
+ * will not align correctly.  This will be fixed soon.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} align-title Where to align the title.
+ * Available: 'left', 'right', or 'center'.  Defaults to 'center'.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-content>
+ *   Some content!
+ * </ion-content>
+ * <ion-footer-bar align-title="left" class="bar-assertive">
+ *   <div class="buttons">
+ *     <button class="button">Left Button</button>
+ *   </div>
+ *   <h1 class="title">Title!</h1>
+ *   <div class="buttons" ng-click="doSomething()">
+ *     <button class="button">Right Button</button>
+ *   </div>
+ * </ion-footer-bar>
+ * ```
+ */
+.directive('ionFooterBar', headerFooterBarDirective(false));
+
+function tapScrollToTopDirective() {
+  return ['$ionicScrollDelegate', function($ionicScrollDelegate) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'E',
+      link: function($scope, $element, $attr) {
+        if ($attr.noTapScroll == 'true') {
+          return;
+        }
+        ionic.on('tap', onTap, $element[0]);
+        $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          ionic.off('tap', onTap, $element[0]);
+        });
+
+        function onTap(e) {
+          var depth = 3;
+          var current = e.target;
+          //Don't scroll to top in certain cases
+          while (depth-- && current) {
+            if (current.classList.contains('button') ||
+                current.tagName.match(/input|textarea|select/i) ||
+                current.isContentEditable) {
+              return;
+            }
+            current = current.parentNode;
+          }
+          var touch = e.gesture && e.gesture.touches[0] || e.detail.touches[0];
+          var bounds = $element[0].getBoundingClientRect();
+          if (ionic.DomUtil.rectContains(
+            touch.pageX, touch.pageY,
+            bounds.left, bounds.top - 20,
+            bounds.left + bounds.width, bounds.top + bounds.height
+          )) {
+            $ionicScrollDelegate.scrollTop(true);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+function headerFooterBarDirective(isHeader) {
+  return ['$document', '$timeout', function($document, $timeout) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'E',
+      controller: '$ionicHeaderBar',
+      compile: function(tElement) {
+        tElement.addClass(isHeader ? 'bar bar-header' : 'bar bar-footer');
+        // top style tabs? if so, remove bottom border for seamless display
+        $timeout(function() {
+          if (isHeader && $document[0].getElementsByClassName('tabs-top').length) tElement.addClass('has-tabs-top');
+        });
+
+        return { pre: prelink };
+        function prelink($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
+          if (isHeader) {
+            $scope.$watch(function() { return $element[0].className; }, function(value) {
+              var isShown = value.indexOf('ng-hide') === -1;
+              var isSubheader = value.indexOf('bar-subheader') !== -1;
+              $scope.$hasHeader = isShown && !isSubheader;
+              $scope.$hasSubheader = isShown && isSubheader;
+              $scope.$emit('$ionicSubheader', $scope.$hasSubheader);
+            });
+            $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+              delete $scope.$hasHeader;
+              delete $scope.$hasSubheader;
+            });
+            ctrl.align();
+            $scope.$on('$ionicHeader.align', function() {
+              ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+                ctrl.align();
+              });
+            });
+
+          } else {
+            $scope.$watch(function() { return $element[0].className; }, function(value) {
+              var isShown = value.indexOf('ng-hide') === -1;
+              var isSubfooter = value.indexOf('bar-subfooter') !== -1;
+              $scope.$hasFooter = isShown && !isSubfooter;
+              $scope.$hasSubfooter = isShown && isSubfooter;
+            });
+            $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+              delete $scope.$hasFooter;
+              delete $scope.$hasSubfooter;
+            });
+            $scope.$watch('$hasTabs', function(val) {
+              $element.toggleClass('has-tabs', !!val);
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionInfiniteScroll
+ * @module ionic
+ * @parent ionic.directive:ionContent, ionic.directive:ionScroll
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ionInfiniteScroll directive allows you to call a function whenever
+ * the user gets to the bottom of the page or near the bottom of the page.
+ *
+ * The expression you pass in for `on-infinite` is called when the user scrolls
+ * greater than `distance` away from the bottom of the content.  Once `on-infinite`
+ * is done loading new data, it should broadcast the `scroll.infiniteScrollComplete`
+ * event from your controller (see below example).
+ *
+ * @param {expression} on-infinite What to call when the scroller reaches the
+ * bottom.
+ * @param {string=} distance The distance from the bottom that the scroll must
+ * reach to trigger the on-infinite expression. Default: 1%.
+ * @param {string=} spinner The {@link ionic.directive:ionSpinner} to show while loading. The SVG
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSpinner} is now the default, replacing rotating font icons.
+ * @param {string=} icon The icon to show while loading. Default: 'ion-load-d'.  This is depreicated
+ * in favor of the SVG {@link ionic.directive:ionSpinner}.
+ * @param {boolean=} immediate-check Whether to check the infinite scroll bounds immediately on load.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-content ng-controller="MyController">
+ *   <ion-list>
+ *   ....
+ *   ....
+ *   </ion-list>
+ *
+ *   <ion-infinite-scroll
+ *     on-infinite="loadMore()"
+ *     distance="1%">
+ *   </ion-infinite-scroll>
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MyController($scope, $http) {
+ *   $scope.items = [];
+ *   $scope.loadMore = function() {
+ *     $http.get('/more-items').success(function(items) {
+ *       useItems(items);
+ *       $scope.$broadcast('scroll.infiniteScrollComplete');
+ *     });
+ *   };
+ *
+ *   $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() {
+ *     $scope.loadMore();
+ *   });
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * An easy to way to stop infinite scroll once there is no more data to load
+ * is to use angular's `ng-if` directive:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-infinite-scroll
+ *   ng-if="moreDataCanBeLoaded()"
+ *   icon="ion-loading-c"
+ *   on-infinite="loadMoreData()">
+ * </ion-infinite-scroll>
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionInfiniteScroll', ['$timeout', function($timeout) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['?^$ionicScroll', 'ionInfiniteScroll'],
+    template: function($element, $attrs) {
+      if ($attrs.icon) return '<i class="icon {{icon()}} icon-refreshing {{scrollingType}}"></i>';
+      return '<ion-spinner icon="{{spinner()}}"></ion-spinner>';
+    },
+    scope: true,
+    controller: '$ionInfiniteScroll',
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, ctrls) {
+      var infiniteScrollCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      var scrollCtrl = infiniteScrollCtrl.scrollCtrl = ctrls[0];
+      var jsScrolling = infiniteScrollCtrl.jsScrolling = !scrollCtrl.isNative();
+
+      // if this view is not beneath a scrollCtrl, it can't be injected, proceed w/ native scrolling
+      if (jsScrolling) {
+        infiniteScrollCtrl.scrollView = scrollCtrl.scrollView;
+        $scope.scrollingType = 'js-scrolling';
+        //bind to JS scroll events
+        scrollCtrl.$element.on('scroll', infiniteScrollCtrl.checkBounds);
+      } else {
+        // grabbing the scrollable element, to determine dimensions, and current scroll pos
+        var scrollEl = ionic.DomUtil.getParentOrSelfWithClass($element[0].parentNode, 'overflow-scroll');
+        infiniteScrollCtrl.scrollEl = scrollEl;
+        // if there's no scroll controller, and no overflow scroll div, infinite scroll wont work
+        if (!scrollEl) {
+          throw 'Infinite scroll must be used inside a scrollable div';
+        }
+        //bind to native scroll events
+        infiniteScrollCtrl.scrollEl.addEventListener('scroll', infiniteScrollCtrl.checkBounds);
+      }
+
+      // Optionally check bounds on start after scrollView is fully rendered
+      var doImmediateCheck = isDefined($attrs.immediateCheck) ? $scope.$eval($attrs.immediateCheck) : true;
+      if (doImmediateCheck) {
+        $timeout(function() { infiniteScrollCtrl.checkBounds(); });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+* @ngdoc directive
+* @name ionItem
+* @parent ionic.directive:ionList
+* @module ionic
+* @restrict E
+* Creates a list-item that can easily be swiped,
+* deleted, reordered, edited, and more.
+*
+* See {@link ionic.directive:ionList} for a complete example & explanation.
+*
+* Can be assigned any item class name. See the
+* [list CSS documentation](/docs/components/#list).
+*
+* @usage
+*
+* ```html
+* <ion-list>
+*   <ion-item>Hello!</ion-item>
+*   <ion-item href="#/detail">
+*     Link to detail page
+*   </ion-item>
+* </ion-list>
+* ```
+*/
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionItem', ['$$rAF', function($$rAF) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    controller: ['$scope', '$element', function($scope, $element) {
+      this.$scope = $scope;
+      this.$element = $element;
+    }],
+    scope: true,
+    compile: function($element, $attrs) {
+      var isAnchor = isDefined($attrs.href) ||
+                     isDefined($attrs.ngHref) ||
+                     isDefined($attrs.uiSref);
+      var isComplexItem = isAnchor ||
+        //Lame way of testing, but we have to know at compile what to do with the element
+        /ion-(delete|option|reorder)-button/i.test($element.html());
+
+      if (isComplexItem) {
+        var innerElement = jqLite(isAnchor ? '<a></a>' : '<div></div>');
+        innerElement.addClass('item-content');
+
+        if (isDefined($attrs.href) || isDefined($attrs.ngHref)) {
+          innerElement.attr('ng-href', '{{$href()}}');
+          if (isDefined($attrs.target)) {
+            innerElement.attr('target', '{{$target()}}');
+          }
+        }
+
+        innerElement.append($element.contents());
+
+        $element.addClass('item item-complex')
+                .append(innerElement);
+      } else {
+        $element.addClass('item');
+      }
+
+      return function link($scope, $element, $attrs) {
+        $scope.$href = function() {
+          return $attrs.href || $attrs.ngHref;
+        };
+        $scope.$target = function() {
+          return $attrs.target;
+        };
+
+        var content = $element[0].querySelector('.item-content');
+        if (content) {
+          $scope.$on('$collectionRepeatLeave', function() {
+            if (content && content.$$ionicOptionsOpen) {
+              content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = '';
+              content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = 'none';
+              $$rAF(function() {
+                content.style[ionic.CSS.TRANSITION] = '';
+              });
+              content.$$ionicOptionsOpen = false;
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      };
+
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+var ITEM_TPL_DELETE_BUTTON =
+  '<div class="item-left-edit item-delete enable-pointer-events">' +
+  '</div>';
+/**
+* @ngdoc directive
+* @name ionDeleteButton
+* @parent ionic.directive:ionItem
+* @module ionic
+* @restrict E
+* Creates a delete button inside a list item, that is visible when the
+* {@link ionic.directive:ionList ionList parent's} `show-delete` evaluates to true or
+* `$ionicListDelegate.showDelete(true)` is called.
+*
+* Takes any ionicon as a class.
+*
+* See {@link ionic.directive:ionList} for a complete example & explanation.
+*
+* @usage
+*
+* ```html
+* <ion-list show-delete="shouldShowDelete">
+*   <ion-item>
+*     <ion-delete-button class="ion-minus-circled"></ion-delete-button>
+*     Hello, list item!
+*   </ion-item>
+* </ion-list>
+* <ion-toggle ng-model="shouldShowDelete">
+*   Show Delete?
+* </ion-toggle>
+* ```
+*/
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionDeleteButton', function() {
+
+  function stopPropagation(ev) {
+    ev.stopPropagation();
+  }
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['^^ionItem', '^?ionList'],
+    //Run before anything else, so we can move it before other directives process
+    //its location (eg ngIf relies on the location of the directive in the dom)
+    priority: Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    compile: function($element, $attr) {
+      //Add the classes we need during the compile phase, so that they stay
+      //even if something else like ngIf removes the element and re-addss it
+      $attr.$set('class', ($attr['class'] || '') + ' button icon button-icon', true);
+      return function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrls) {
+        var itemCtrl = ctrls[0];
+        var listCtrl = ctrls[1];
+        var container = jqLite(ITEM_TPL_DELETE_BUTTON);
+        container.append($element);
+        itemCtrl.$element.append(container).addClass('item-left-editable');
+
+        //Don't bubble click up to main .item
+        $element.on('click', stopPropagation);
+
+        init();
+        $scope.$on('$ionic.reconnectScope', init);
+        function init() {
+          listCtrl = listCtrl || $element.controller('ionList');
+          if (listCtrl && listCtrl.showDelete()) {
+            container.addClass('visible active');
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('itemFloatingLabel', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'C',
+    link: function(scope, element) {
+      var el = element[0];
+      var input = el.querySelector('input, textarea');
+      var inputLabel = el.querySelector('.input-label');
+
+      if (!input || !inputLabel) return;
+
+      var onInput = function() {
+        if (input.value) {
+          inputLabel.classList.add('has-input');
+        } else {
+          inputLabel.classList.remove('has-input');
+        }
+      };
+
+      input.addEventListener('input', onInput);
+
+      var ngModelCtrl = jqLite(input).controller('ngModel');
+      if (ngModelCtrl) {
+        ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
+          input.value = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue || '';
+          onInput();
+        };
+      }
+
+      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        input.removeEventListener('input', onInput);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+var ITEM_TPL_OPTION_BUTTONS =
+  '<div class="item-options invisible">' +
+  '</div>';
+/**
+* @ngdoc directive
+* @name ionOptionButton
+* @parent ionic.directive:ionItem
+* @module ionic
+* @restrict E
+* Creates an option button inside a list item, that is visible when the item is swiped
+* to the left by the user.  Swiped open option buttons can be hidden with
+* {@link ionic.service:$ionicListDelegate#closeOptionButtons $ionicListDelegate#closeOptionButtons}.
+*
+* Can be assigned any button class.
+*
+* See {@link ionic.directive:ionList} for a complete example & explanation.
+*
+* @usage
+*
+* ```html
+* <ion-list>
+*   <ion-item>
+*     I love kittens!
+*     <ion-option-button class="button-positive">Share</ion-option-button>
+*     <ion-option-button class="button-assertive">Edit</ion-option-button>
+*   </ion-item>
+* </ion-list>
+* ```
+*/
+IonicModule.directive('ionOptionButton', [function() {
+  function stopPropagation(e) {
+    e.stopPropagation();
+  }
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '^ionItem',
+    priority: Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    compile: function($element, $attr) {
+      $attr.$set('class', ($attr['class'] || '') + ' button', true);
+      return function($scope, $element, $attr, itemCtrl) {
+        if (!itemCtrl.optionsContainer) {
+          itemCtrl.optionsContainer = jqLite(ITEM_TPL_OPTION_BUTTONS);
+          itemCtrl.$element.append(itemCtrl.optionsContainer);
+        }
+        itemCtrl.optionsContainer.append($element);
+
+        itemCtrl.$element.addClass('item-right-editable');
+
+        //Don't bubble click up to main .item
+        $element.on('click', stopPropagation);
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+var ITEM_TPL_REORDER_BUTTON =
+  '<div data-prevent-scroll="true" class="item-right-edit item-reorder enable-pointer-events">' +
+  '</div>';
+
+/**
+* @ngdoc directive
+* @name ionReorderButton
+* @parent ionic.directive:ionItem
+* @module ionic
+* @restrict E
+* Creates a reorder button inside a list item, that is visible when the
+* {@link ionic.directive:ionList ionList parent's} `show-reorder` evaluates to true or
+* `$ionicListDelegate.showReorder(true)` is called.
+*
+* Can be dragged to reorder items in the list. Takes any ionicon class.
+*
+* Note: Reordering works best when used with `ng-repeat`.  Be sure that all `ion-item` children of an `ion-list` are part of the same `ng-repeat` expression.
+*
+* When an item reorder is complete, the expression given in the `on-reorder` attribute is called. The `on-reorder` expression is given two locals that can be used: `$fromIndex` and `$toIndex`.  See below for an example.
+*
+* Look at {@link ionic.directive:ionList} for more examples.
+*
+* @usage
+*
+* ```html
+* <ion-list ng-controller="MyCtrl" show-reorder="true">
+*   <ion-item ng-repeat="item in items">
+*     Item {{item}}
+*     <ion-reorder-button class="ion-navicon"
+*                         on-reorder="moveItem(item, $fromIndex, $toIndex)">
+*     </ion-reorder-button>
+*   </ion-item>
+* </ion-list>
+* ```
+* ```js
+* function MyCtrl($scope) {
+*   $scope.items = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+*   $scope.moveItem = function(item, fromIndex, toIndex) {
+*     //Move the item in the array
+*     $scope.items.splice(fromIndex, 1);
+*     $scope.items.splice(toIndex, 0, item);
+*   };
+* }
+* ```
+*
+* @param {expression=} on-reorder Expression to call when an item is reordered.
+* Parameters given: $fromIndex, $toIndex.
+*/
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionReorderButton', ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['^ionItem', '^?ionList'],
+    priority: Number.MAX_VALUE,
+    compile: function($element, $attr) {
+      $attr.$set('class', ($attr['class'] || '') + ' button icon button-icon', true);
+      $element[0].setAttribute('data-prevent-scroll', true);
+      return function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrls) {
+        var itemCtrl = ctrls[0];
+        var listCtrl = ctrls[1];
+        var onReorderFn = $parse($attr.onReorder);
+
+        $scope.$onReorder = function(oldIndex, newIndex) {
+          onReorderFn($scope, {
+            $fromIndex: oldIndex,
+            $toIndex: newIndex
+          });
+        };
+
+        // prevent clicks from bubbling up to the item
+        if (!$attr.ngClick && !$attr.onClick && !$attr.onclick) {
+          $element[0].onclick = function(e) {
+            e.stopPropagation();
+            return false;
+          };
+        }
+
+        var container = jqLite(ITEM_TPL_REORDER_BUTTON);
+        container.append($element);
+        itemCtrl.$element.append(container).addClass('item-right-editable');
+
+        if (listCtrl && listCtrl.showReorder()) {
+          container.addClass('visible active');
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name keyboardAttach
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * keyboard-attach is an attribute directive which will cause an element to float above
+ * the keyboard when the keyboard shows. Currently only supports the
+ * [ion-footer-bar]({{ page.versionHref }}/api/directive/ionFooterBar/) directive.
+ *
+ * ### Notes
+ * - This directive requires the
+ * [Ionic Keyboard Plugin](https://github.com/driftyco/ionic-plugins-keyboard).
+ * - On Android not in fullscreen mode, i.e. you have
+ *   `<preference name="Fullscreen" value="false" />` or no preference in your `config.xml` file,
+ *   this directive is unnecessary since it is the default behavior.
+ * - On iOS, if there is an input in your footer, you will need to set
+ *   `cordova.plugins.Keyboard.disableScroll(true)`.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ *  <ion-footer-bar align-title="left" keyboard-attach class="bar-assertive">
+ *    <h1 class="title">Title!</h1>
+ *  </ion-footer-bar>
+ * ```
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('keyboardAttach', function() {
+  return function(scope, element) {
+    ionic.on('native.keyboardshow', onShow, window);
+    ionic.on('native.keyboardhide', onHide, window);
+
+    //deprecated
+    ionic.on('native.showkeyboard', onShow, window);
+    ionic.on('native.hidekeyboard', onHide, window);
+
+
+    var scrollCtrl;
+
+    function onShow(e) {
+      if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid() && !ionic.Platform.isFullScreen) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      //for testing
+      var keyboardHeight = e.keyboardHeight || e.detail.keyboardHeight;
+      element.css('bottom', keyboardHeight + "px");
+      scrollCtrl = element.controller('$ionicScroll');
+      if (scrollCtrl) {
+        scrollCtrl.scrollView.__container.style.bottom = keyboardHeight + keyboardAttachGetClientHeight(element[0]) + "px";
+      }
+    }
+
+    function onHide() {
+      if (ionic.Platform.isAndroid() && !ionic.Platform.isFullScreen) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      element.css('bottom', '');
+      if (scrollCtrl) {
+        scrollCtrl.scrollView.__container.style.bottom = '';
+      }
+    }
+
+    scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+      ionic.off('native.keyboardshow', onShow, window);
+      ionic.off('native.keyboardhide', onHide, window);
+
+      //deprecated
+      ionic.off('native.showkeyboard', onShow, window);
+      ionic.off('native.hidekeyboard', onHide, window);
+    });
+  };
+});
+
+function keyboardAttachGetClientHeight(element) {
+  return element.clientHeight;
+}
+
+/**
+* @ngdoc directive
+* @name ionList
+* @module ionic
+* @delegate ionic.service:$ionicListDelegate
+* @codepen JsHjf
+* @restrict E
+* @description
+* The List is a widely used interface element in almost any mobile app, and can include
+* content ranging from basic text all the way to buttons, toggles, icons, and thumbnails.
+*
+* Both the list, which contains items, and the list items themselves can be any HTML
+* element. The containing element requires the `list` class and each list item requires
+* the `item` class.
+*
+* However, using the ionList and ionItem directives make it easy to support various
+* interaction modes such as swipe to edit, drag to reorder, and removing items.
+*
+* Related: {@link ionic.directive:ionItem}, {@link ionic.directive:ionOptionButton}
+* {@link ionic.directive:ionReorderButton}, {@link ionic.directive:ionDeleteButton}, [`list CSS documentation`](/docs/components/#list).
+*
+* @usage
+*
+* Basic Usage:
+*
+* ```html
+* <ion-list>
+*   <ion-item ng-repeat="item in items">
+*     {% raw %}Hello, {{item}}!{% endraw %}
+*   </ion-item>
+* </ion-list>
+* ```
+*
+* Advanced Usage: Thumbnails, Delete buttons, Reordering, Swiping
+*
+* ```html
+* <ion-list ng-controller="MyCtrl"
+*           show-delete="shouldShowDelete"
+*           show-reorder="shouldShowReorder"
+*           can-swipe="listCanSwipe">
+*   <ion-item ng-repeat="item in items"
+*             class="item-thumbnail-left">
+*
+*     {% raw %}<img ng-src="{{item.img}}">
+*     <h2>{{item.title}}</h2>
+*     <p>{{item.description}}</p>{% endraw %}
+*     <ion-option-button class="button-positive"
+*                        ng-click="share(item)">
+*       Share
+*     </ion-option-button>
+*     <ion-option-button class="button-info"
+*                        ng-click="edit(item)">
+*       Edit
+*     </ion-option-button>
+*     <ion-delete-button class="ion-minus-circled"
+*                        ng-click="items.splice($index, 1)">
+*     </ion-delete-button>
+*     <ion-reorder-button class="ion-navicon"
+*                         on-reorder="reorderItem(item, $fromIndex, $toIndex)">
+*     </ion-reorder-button>
+*
+*   </ion-item>
+* </ion-list>
+* ```
+*
+*```javascript
+* app.controller('MyCtrl', function($scope) {
+*  $scope.shouldShowDelete = false;
+*  $scope.shouldShowReorder = false;
+*  $scope.listCanSwipe = true
+* });
+*```
+*
+* @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify this list with
+* {@link ionic.service:$ionicListDelegate}.
+* @param type {string=} The type of list to use (list-inset or card)
+* @param show-delete {boolean=} Whether the delete buttons for the items in the list are
+* currently shown or hidden.
+* @param show-reorder {boolean=} Whether the reorder buttons for the items in the list are
+* currently shown or hidden.
+* @param can-swipe {boolean=} Whether the items in the list are allowed to be swiped to reveal
+* option buttons. Default: true.
+*/
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionList', [
+  '$timeout',
+function($timeout) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['ionList', '^?$ionicScroll'],
+    controller: '$ionicList',
+    compile: function($element, $attr) {
+      var listEl = jqLite('<div class="list">')
+        .append($element.contents())
+        .addClass($attr.type);
+
+      $element.append(listEl);
+
+      return function($scope, $element, $attrs, ctrls) {
+        var listCtrl = ctrls[0];
+        var scrollCtrl = ctrls[1];
+
+        // Wait for child elements to render...
+        $timeout(init);
+
+        function init() {
+          var listView = listCtrl.listView = new ionic.views.ListView({
+            el: $element[0],
+            listEl: $element.children()[0],
+            scrollEl: scrollCtrl && scrollCtrl.element,
+            scrollView: scrollCtrl && scrollCtrl.scrollView,
+            onReorder: function(el, oldIndex, newIndex) {
+              var itemScope = jqLite(el).scope();
+              if (itemScope && itemScope.$onReorder) {
+                // Make sure onReorder is called in apply cycle,
+                // but also make sure it has no conflicts by doing
+                // $evalAsync
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  itemScope.$onReorder(oldIndex, newIndex);
+                });
+              }
+            },
+            canSwipe: function() {
+              return listCtrl.canSwipeItems();
+            }
+          });
+
+          $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+            if (listView) {
+              listView.deregister && listView.deregister();
+              listView = null;
+            }
+          });
+
+          if (isDefined($attr.canSwipe)) {
+            $scope.$watch('!!(' + $attr.canSwipe + ')', function(value) {
+              listCtrl.canSwipeItems(value);
+            });
+          }
+          if (isDefined($attr.showDelete)) {
+            $scope.$watch('!!(' + $attr.showDelete + ')', function(value) {
+              listCtrl.showDelete(value);
+            });
+          }
+          if (isDefined($attr.showReorder)) {
+            $scope.$watch('!!(' + $attr.showReorder + ')', function(value) {
+              listCtrl.showReorder(value);
+            });
+          }
+
+          $scope.$watch(function() {
+            return listCtrl.showDelete();
+          }, function(isShown, wasShown) {
+            //Only use isShown=false if it was already shown
+            if (!isShown && !wasShown) { return; }
+
+            if (isShown) listCtrl.closeOptionButtons();
+            listCtrl.canSwipeItems(!isShown);
+
+            $element.children().toggleClass('list-left-editing', isShown);
+            $element.toggleClass('disable-pointer-events', isShown);
+
+            var deleteButton = jqLite($element[0].getElementsByClassName('item-delete'));
+            setButtonShown(deleteButton, listCtrl.showDelete);
+          });
+
+          $scope.$watch(function() {
+            return listCtrl.showReorder();
+          }, function(isShown, wasShown) {
+            //Only use isShown=false if it was already shown
+            if (!isShown && !wasShown) { return; }
+
+            if (isShown) listCtrl.closeOptionButtons();
+            listCtrl.canSwipeItems(!isShown);
+
+            $element.children().toggleClass('list-right-editing', isShown);
+            $element.toggleClass('disable-pointer-events', isShown);
+
+            var reorderButton = jqLite($element[0].getElementsByClassName('item-reorder'));
+            setButtonShown(reorderButton, listCtrl.showReorder);
+          });
+
+          function setButtonShown(el, shown) {
+            shown() && el.addClass('visible') || el.removeClass('active');
+            ionic.requestAnimationFrame(function() {
+              shown() && el.addClass('active') || el.removeClass('visible');
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name menuClose
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `menu-close` is an attribute directive that closes a currently opened side menu.
+ * Note that by default, navigation transitions will not animate between views when
+ * the menu is open. Additionally, this directive will reset the entering view's
+ * history stack, making the new page the root of the history stack. This is done
+ * to replicate the user experience seen in most side menu implementations, which is
+ * to not show the back button at the root of the stack and show only the
+ * menu button. We recommend that you also use the `enable-menu-with-back-views="false"`
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus} attribute when using the menuClose directive.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * Below is an example of a link within a side menu. Tapping this link would
+ * automatically close the currently opened menu.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <a menu-close href="#/home" class="item">Home</a>
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('menuClose', ['$ionicHistory', function($ionicHistory) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'AC',
+    link: function($scope, $element) {
+      $element.bind('click', function() {
+        var sideMenuCtrl = $element.inheritedData('$ionSideMenusController');
+        if (sideMenuCtrl) {
+          $ionicHistory.nextViewOptions({
+            historyRoot: true,
+            disableAnimate: true,
+            expire: 300
+          });
+          sideMenuCtrl.close();
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name menuToggle
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Toggle a side menu on the given side.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * Below is an example of a link within a nav bar. Tapping this button
+ * would open the given side menu, and tapping it again would close it.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar>
+ *   <ion-nav-buttons side="left">
+ *    <button menu-toggle="left" class="button button-icon icon ion-navicon"></button>
+ *   </ion-nav-buttons>
+ * </ion-nav-bar>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Button Hidden On Child Views
+ * By default, the menu toggle button will only appear on a root
+ * level side-menu page. Navigating in to child views will hide the menu-
+ * toggle button. They can be made visible on child pages by setting the
+ * enable-menu-with-back-views attribute of the {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus}
+ * directive to true.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-side-menus enable-menu-with-back-views="true">
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('menuToggle', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'AC',
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr) {
+      $scope.$on('$ionicView.beforeEnter', function(ev, viewData) {
+        if (viewData.enableBack) {
+          var sideMenuCtrl = $element.inheritedData('$ionSideMenusController');
+          if (!sideMenuCtrl.enableMenuWithBackViews()) {
+            $element.addClass('hide');
+          }
+        } else {
+          $element.removeClass('hide');
+        }
+      });
+
+      $element.bind('click', function() {
+        var sideMenuCtrl = $element.inheritedData('$ionSideMenusController');
+        sideMenuCtrl && sideMenuCtrl.toggle($attr.menuToggle);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+/*
+ * We don't document the ionModal directive, we instead document
+ * the $ionicModal service
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionModal', [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    transclude: true,
+    replace: true,
+    controller: [function() {}],
+    template: '<div class="modal-backdrop">' +
+                '<div class="modal-backdrop-bg"></div>' +
+                '<div class="modal-wrapper" ng-transclude></div>' +
+              '</div>'
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionModalView', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    compile: function(element) {
+      element.addClass('modal');
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionNavBackButton
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionNavBar
+ * @description
+ * Creates a back button inside an {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar}.
+ *
+ * The back button will appear when the user is able to go back in the current navigation stack. By
+ * default, the markup of the back button is automatically built using platform-appropriate defaults
+ * (iOS back button icon on iOS and Android icon on Android).
+ *
+ * Additionally, the button is automatically set to `$ionicGoBack()` on click/tap. By default, the
+ * app will navigate back one view when the back button is clicked.  More advanced behavior is also
+ * possible, as outlined below.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * Recommended markup for default settings:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar>
+ *   <ion-nav-back-button>
+ *   </ion-nav-back-button>
+ * </ion-nav-bar>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * With custom inner markup, and automatically adds a default click action:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar>
+ *   <ion-nav-back-button class="button-clear">
+ *     <i class="ion-arrow-left-c"></i> Back
+ *   </ion-nav-back-button>
+ * </ion-nav-bar>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * With custom inner markup and custom click action, using {@link ionic.service:$ionicHistory}:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar ng-controller="MyCtrl">
+ *   <ion-nav-back-button class="button-clear"
+ *     ng-click="myGoBack()">
+ *     <i class="ion-arrow-left-c"></i> Back
+ *   </ion-nav-back-button>
+ * </ion-nav-bar>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function MyCtrl($scope, $ionicHistory) {
+ *   $scope.myGoBack = function() {
+ *     $ionicHistory.goBack();
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionNavBackButton', ['$ionicConfig', '$document', function($ionicConfig, $document) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '^ionNavBar',
+    compile: function(tElement, tAttrs) {
+
+      // clone the back button, but as a <div>
+      var buttonEle = $document[0].createElement('button');
+      for (var n in tAttrs.$attr) {
+        buttonEle.setAttribute(tAttrs.$attr[n], tAttrs[n]);
+      }
+
+      if (!tAttrs.ngClick) {
+        buttonEle.setAttribute('ng-click', '$ionicGoBack($event)');
+      }
+
+      buttonEle.className = 'button back-button hide buttons ' + (tElement.attr('class') || '');
+      buttonEle.innerHTML = tElement.html() || '';
+
+      var childNode;
+      var hasIcon = hasIconClass(tElement[0]);
+      var hasInnerText;
+      var hasButtonText;
+      var hasPreviousTitle;
+
+      for (var x = 0; x < tElement[0].childNodes.length; x++) {
+        childNode = tElement[0].childNodes[x];
+        if (childNode.nodeType === 1) {
+          if (hasIconClass(childNode)) {
+            hasIcon = true;
+          } else if (childNode.classList.contains('default-title')) {
+            hasButtonText = true;
+          } else if (childNode.classList.contains('previous-title')) {
+            hasPreviousTitle = true;
+          }
+        } else if (!hasInnerText && childNode.nodeType === 3) {
+          hasInnerText = !!childNode.nodeValue.trim();
+        }
+      }
+
+      function hasIconClass(ele) {
+        return /ion-|icon/.test(ele.className);
+      }
+
+      var defaultIcon = $ionicConfig.backButton.icon();
+      if (!hasIcon && defaultIcon && defaultIcon !== 'none') {
+        buttonEle.innerHTML = '<i class="icon ' + defaultIcon + '"></i> ' + buttonEle.innerHTML;
+        buttonEle.className += ' button-clear';
+      }
+
+      if (!hasInnerText) {
+        var buttonTextEle = $document[0].createElement('span');
+        buttonTextEle.className = 'back-text';
+
+        if (!hasButtonText && $ionicConfig.backButton.text()) {
+          buttonTextEle.innerHTML += '<span class="default-title">' + $ionicConfig.backButton.text() + '</span>';
+        }
+        if (!hasPreviousTitle && $ionicConfig.backButton.previousTitleText()) {
+          buttonTextEle.innerHTML += '<span class="previous-title"></span>';
+        }
+        buttonEle.appendChild(buttonTextEle);
+
+      }
+
+      tElement.attr('class', 'hide');
+      tElement.empty();
+
+      return {
+        pre: function($scope, $element, $attr, navBarCtrl) {
+          // only register the plain HTML, the navBarCtrl takes care of scope/compile/link
+          navBarCtrl.navElement('backButton', buttonEle.outerHTML);
+          buttonEle = null;
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionNavBar
+ * @module ionic
+ * @delegate ionic.service:$ionicNavBarDelegate
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * If we have an {@link ionic.directive:ionNavView} directive, we can also create an
+ * `<ion-nav-bar>`, which will create a topbar that updates as the application state changes.
+ *
+ * We can add a back button by putting an {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBackButton} inside.
+ *
+ * We can add buttons depending on the currently visible view using
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionNavButtons}.
+ *
+ * Note that the ion-nav-bar element will only work correctly if your content has an
+ * ionView around it.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <body ng-app="starter">
+ *   <!-- The nav bar that will be updated as we navigate -->
+ *   <ion-nav-bar class="bar-positive">
+ *   </ion-nav-bar>
+ *
+ *   <!-- where the initial view template will be rendered -->
+ *   <ion-nav-view>
+ *     <ion-view>
+ *       <ion-content>Hello!</ion-content>
+ *     </ion-view>
+ *   </ion-nav-view>
+ * </body>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify this navBar
+ * with {@link ionic.service:$ionicNavBarDelegate}.
+ * @param align-title {string=} Where to align the title of the navbar.
+ * Available: 'left', 'right', 'center'. Defaults to 'center'.
+ * @param {boolean=} no-tap-scroll By default, the navbar will scroll the content
+ * to the top when tapped.  Set no-tap-scroll to true to disable this behavior.
+ *
+ * </table><br/>
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionNavBar', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    controller: '$ionicNavBar',
+    scope: true,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
+      ctrl.init();
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionNavButtons
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionNavView
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Use nav buttons to set the buttons on your {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar}
+ * from within an {@link ionic.directive:ionView}. This gives each
+ * view template the ability to specify which buttons should show in the nav bar,
+ * overriding any default buttons already placed in the nav bar.
+ *
+ * Any buttons you declare will be positioned on the navbar's corresponding side. Primary
+ * buttons generally map to the left side of the header, and secondary buttons are
+ * generally on the right side. However, their exact locations are platform-specific.
+ * For example, in iOS, the primary buttons are on the far left of the header, and
+ * secondary buttons are on the far right, with the header title centered between them.
+ * For Android, however, both groups of buttons are on the far right of the header,
+ * with the header title aligned left.
+ *
+ * We recommend always using `primary` and `secondary`, so the buttons correctly map
+ * to the side familiar to users of each platform. However, in cases where buttons should
+ * always be on an exact side, both `left` and `right` sides are still available. For
+ * example, a toggle button for a left side menu should be on the left side; in this case,
+ * we'd recommend using `side="left"`, so it's always on the left, no matter the platform.
+ *
+ * ***Note*** that `ion-nav-buttons` must be immediate descendants of the `ion-view` or
+ * `ion-nav-bar` element (basically, don't wrap it in another div).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar>
+ * </ion-nav-bar>
+ * <ion-nav-view>
+ *   <ion-view>
+ *     <ion-nav-buttons side="primary">
+ *       <button class="button" ng-click="doSomething()">
+ *         I'm a button on the primary of the navbar!
+ *       </button>
+ *     </ion-nav-buttons>
+ *     <ion-content>
+ *       Some super content here!
+ *     </ion-content>
+ *   </ion-view>
+ * </ion-nav-view>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string} side The side to place the buttons in the
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar}. Available sides: `primary`, `secondary`, `left`, and `right`.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionNavButtons', ['$document', function($document) {
+  return {
+    require: '^ionNavBar',
+    restrict: 'E',
+    compile: function(tElement, tAttrs) {
+      var side = 'left';
+
+      if (/^primary|secondary|right$/i.test(tAttrs.side || '')) {
+        side = tAttrs.side.toLowerCase();
+      }
+
+      var spanEle = $document[0].createElement('span');
+      spanEle.className = side + '-buttons';
+      spanEle.innerHTML = tElement.html();
+
+      var navElementType = side + 'Buttons';
+
+      tElement.attr('class', 'hide');
+      tElement.empty();
+
+      return {
+        pre: function($scope, $element, $attrs, navBarCtrl) {
+          // only register the plain HTML, the navBarCtrl takes care of scope/compile/link
+
+          var parentViewCtrl = $element.parent().data('$ionViewController');
+          if (parentViewCtrl) {
+            // if the parent is an ion-view, then these are ion-nav-buttons for JUST this ion-view
+            parentViewCtrl.navElement(navElementType, spanEle.outerHTML);
+
+          } else {
+            // these are buttons for all views that do not have their own ion-nav-buttons
+            navBarCtrl.navElement(navElementType, spanEle.outerHTML);
+          }
+
+          spanEle = null;
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name navDirection
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The direction which the nav view transition should animate. Available options
+ * are: `forward`, `back`, `enter`, `exit`, `swap`.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <a nav-direction="forward" href="#/home">Home</a>
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('navDirection', ['$ionicViewSwitcher', function($ionicViewSwitcher) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 1000,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr) {
+      $element.bind('click', function() {
+        $ionicViewSwitcher.nextDirection($attr.navDirection);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionNavTitle
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionNavView
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The nav title directive replaces an {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} title text with
+ * custom HTML from within an {@link ionic.directive:ionView} template. This gives each
+ * view the ability to specify its own custom title element, such as an image or any HTML,
+ * rather than being text-only. Alternatively, text-only titles can be updated using the
+ * `view-title` {@link ionic.directive:ionView} attribute.
+ *
+ * Note that `ion-nav-title` must be an immediate descendant of the `ion-view` or
+ * `ion-nav-bar` element (basically don't wrap it in another div).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar>
+ * </ion-nav-bar>
+ * <ion-nav-view>
+ *   <ion-view>
+ *     <ion-nav-title>
+ *       <img src="logo.svg">
+ *     </ion-nav-title>
+ *     <ion-content>
+ *       Some super content here!
+ *     </ion-content>
+ *   </ion-view>
+ * </ion-nav-view>
+ * ```
+ *
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionNavTitle', ['$document', function($document) {
+  return {
+    require: '^ionNavBar',
+    restrict: 'E',
+    compile: function(tElement, tAttrs) {
+      var navElementType = 'title';
+      var spanEle = $document[0].createElement('span');
+      for (var n in tAttrs.$attr) {
+        spanEle.setAttribute(tAttrs.$attr[n], tAttrs[n]);
+      }
+      spanEle.classList.add('nav-bar-title');
+      spanEle.innerHTML = tElement.html();
+
+      tElement.attr('class', 'hide');
+      tElement.empty();
+
+      return {
+        pre: function($scope, $element, $attrs, navBarCtrl) {
+          // only register the plain HTML, the navBarCtrl takes care of scope/compile/link
+
+          var parentViewCtrl = $element.parent().data('$ionViewController');
+          if (parentViewCtrl) {
+            // if the parent is an ion-view, then these are ion-nav-buttons for JUST this ion-view
+            parentViewCtrl.navElement(navElementType, spanEle.outerHTML);
+
+          } else {
+            // these are buttons for all views that do not have their own ion-nav-buttons
+            navBarCtrl.navElement(navElementType, spanEle.outerHTML);
+          }
+
+          spanEle = null;
+        }
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name navTransition
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The transition type which the nav view transition should use when it animates.
+ * Current, options are `ios`, `android`, and `none`. More options coming soon.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <a nav-transition="none" href="#/home">Home</a>
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('navTransition', ['$ionicViewSwitcher', function($ionicViewSwitcher) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    priority: 1000,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr) {
+      $element.bind('click', function() {
+        $ionicViewSwitcher.nextTransition($attr.navTransition);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionNavView
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @codepen odqCz
+ *
+ * @description
+ * As a user navigates throughout your app, Ionic is able to keep track of their
+ * navigation history. By knowing their history, transitions between views
+ * correctly enter and exit using the platform's transition style. An additional
+ * benefit to Ionic's navigation system is its ability to manage multiple
+ * histories. For example, each tab can have it's own navigation history stack.
+ *
+ * Ionic uses the AngularUI Router module so app interfaces can be organized
+ * into various "states". Like Angular's core $route service, URLs can be used
+ * to control the views. However, the AngularUI Router provides a more powerful
+ * state manager in that states are bound to named, nested, and parallel views,
+ * allowing more than one template to be rendered on the same page.
+ * Additionally, each state is not required to be bound to a URL, and data can
+ * be pushed to each state which allows much flexibility.
+ *
+ * The ionNavView directive is used to render templates in your application. Each template
+ * is part of a state. States are usually mapped to a url, and are defined programatically
+ * using angular-ui-router (see [their docs](https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-router/wiki),
+ * and remember to replace ui-view with ion-nav-view in examples).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * In this example, we will create a navigation view that contains our different states for the app.
+ *
+ * To do this, in our markup we use ionNavView top level directive. To display a header bar we use
+ * the {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} directive that updates as we navigate through the
+ * navigation stack.
+ *
+ * Next, we need to setup our states that will be rendered.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ionic']);
+ * app.config(function($stateProvider) {
+ *   $stateProvider
+ *   .state('index', {
+ *     url: '/',
+ *     templateUrl: 'home.html'
+ *   })
+ *   .state('music', {
+ *     url: '/music',
+ *     templateUrl: 'music.html'
+ *   });
+ * });
+ * ```
+ * Then on app start, $stateProvider will look at the url, see it matches the index state,
+ * and then try to load home.html into the `<ion-nav-view>`.
+ *
+ * Pages are loaded by the URLs given. One simple way to create templates in Angular is to put
+ * them directly into your HTML file and use the `<script type="text/ng-template">` syntax.
+ * So here is one way to put home.html into our app:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <script id="home" type="text/ng-template">
+ *   <!-- The title of the ion-view will be shown on the navbar -->
+ *   <ion-view view-title="Home">
+ *     <ion-content ng-controller="HomeCtrl">
+ *       <!-- The content of the page -->
+ *       <a href="#/music">Go to music page!</a>
+ *     </ion-content>
+ *   </ion-view>
+ * </script>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * This is good to do because the template will be cached for very fast loading, instead of
+ * having to fetch them from the network.
+ *
+ * ## Caching
+ *
+ * By default, views are cached to improve performance. When a view is navigated away from, its
+ * element is left in the DOM, and its scope is disconnected from the `$watch` cycle. When
+ * navigating to a view that is already cached, its scope is then reconnected, and the existing
+ * element that was left in the DOM becomes the active view. This also allows for the scroll
+ * position of previous views to be maintained.
+ *
+ * Caching can be disabled and enabled in multiple ways. By default, Ionic will cache a maximum of
+ * 10 views, and not only can this be configured, but apps can also explicitly state which views
+ * should and should not be cached.
+ *
+ * Note that because we are caching these views, *we aren’t destroying scopes*. Instead, scopes
+ * are being disconnected from the watch cycle. Because scopes are not being destroyed and
+ * recreated, controllers are not loading again on a subsequent viewing. If the app/controller
+ * needs to know when a view has entered or has left, then view events emitted from the
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionView} scope, such as `$ionicView.enter`, may be useful.
+ *
+ * By default, when navigating back in the history, the "forward" views are removed from the cache.
+ * If you navigate forward to the same view again, it'll create a new DOM element and controller
+ * instance. Basically, any forward views are reset each time. This can be configured using the
+ * {@link ionic.provider:$ionicConfigProvider}:
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $ionicConfigProvider.views.forwardCache(true);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * #### Disable cache globally
+ *
+ * The {@link ionic.provider:$ionicConfigProvider} can be used to set the maximum allowable views
+ * which can be cached, but this can also be use to disable all caching by setting it to 0.
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $ionicConfigProvider.views.maxCache(0);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * #### Disable cache within state provider
+ *
+ * ```js
+ * $stateProvider.state('myState', {
+ *    cache: false,
+ *    url : '/myUrl',
+ *    templateUrl : 'my-template.html'
+ * })
+ * ```
+ *
+ * #### Disable cache with an attribute
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-view cache-view="false" view-title="My Title!">
+ *   ...
+ * </ion-view>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * ## AngularUI Router
+ *
+ * Please visit [AngularUI Router's docs](https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-router/wiki) for
+ * more info. Below is a great video by the AngularUI Router team that may help to explain
+ * how it all works:
+ *
+ * <iframe width="560" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/dqJRoh8MnBo"
+ * frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name A view name. The name should be unique amongst the other views in the
+ * same state. You can have views of the same name that live in different states. For more
+ * information, see ui-router's
+ * [ui-view documentation](http://angular-ui.github.io/ui-router/site/#/api/ui.router.state.directive:ui-view).
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionNavView', [
+  '$state',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+function($state, $ionicConfig) {
+  // IONIC's fork of Angular UI Router, v0.2.10
+  // the navView handles registering views in the history and how to transition between them
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    priority: 2000,
+    transclude: true,
+    controller: '$ionicNavView',
+    compile: function(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
+
+      // a nav view element is a container for numerous views
+      tElement.addClass('view-container');
+      ionic.DomUtil.cachedAttr(tElement, 'nav-view-transition', $ionicConfig.views.transition());
+
+      return function($scope, $element, $attr, navViewCtrl) {
+        var latestLocals;
+
+        // Put in the compiled initial view
+        transclude($scope, function(clone) {
+          $element.append(clone);
+        });
+
+        var viewData = navViewCtrl.init();
+
+        // listen for $stateChangeSuccess
+        $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() {
+          updateView(false);
+        });
+        $scope.$on('$viewContentLoading', function() {
+          updateView(false);
+        });
+
+        // initial load, ready go
+        updateView(true);
+
+
+        function updateView(firstTime) {
+          // get the current local according to the $state
+          var viewLocals = $state.$current && $state.$current.locals[viewData.name];
+
+          // do not update THIS nav-view if its is not the container for the given state
+          // if the viewLocals are the same as THIS latestLocals, then nothing to do
+          if (!viewLocals || (!firstTime && viewLocals === latestLocals)) return;
+
+          // update the latestLocals
+          latestLocals = viewLocals;
+          viewData.state = viewLocals.$$state;
+
+          // register, update and transition to the new view
+          navViewCtrl.register(viewLocals);
+        }
+
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+
+.config(['$provide', function($provide) {
+  $provide.decorator('ngClickDirective', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
+    // drop the default ngClick directive
+    $delegate.shift();
+    return $delegate;
+  }]);
+}])
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ */
+.factory('$ionicNgClick', ['$parse', function($parse) {
+  return function(scope, element, clickExpr) {
+    var clickHandler = angular.isFunction(clickExpr) ?
+      clickExpr :
+      $parse(clickExpr);
+
+    element.on('click', function(event) {
+      scope.$apply(function() {
+        clickHandler(scope, {$event: (event)});
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Hack for iOS Safari's benefit. It goes searching for onclick handlers and is liable to click
+    // something else nearby.
+    element.onclick = noop;
+  };
+}])
+
+.directive('ngClick', ['$ionicNgClick', function($ionicNgClick) {
+  return function(scope, element, attr) {
+    $ionicNgClick(scope, element, attr.ngClick);
+  };
+}])
+
+.directive('ionStopEvent', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'A',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      element.bind(attr.ionStopEvent, eventStopPropagation);
+    }
+  };
+});
+function eventStopPropagation(e) {
+  e.stopPropagation();
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionPane
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description A simple container that fits content, with no side effects.  Adds the 'pane' class to the element.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionPane', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    link: function(scope, element) {
+      element.addClass('pane');
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+/*
+ * We don't document the ionPopover directive, we instead document
+ * the $ionicPopover service
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionPopover', [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    transclude: true,
+    replace: true,
+    controller: [function() {}],
+    template: '<div class="popover-backdrop">' +
+                '<div class="popover-wrapper" ng-transclude></div>' +
+              '</div>'
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionPopoverView', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    compile: function(element) {
+      element.append(jqLite('<div class="popover-arrow">'));
+      element.addClass('popover');
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionRadio
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @codepen saoBG
+ * @description
+ * The radio directive is no different than the HTML radio input, except it's styled differently.
+ *
+ * Radio behaves like any [AngularJS radio](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/input/input[radio]).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-radio ng-model="choice" ng-value="'A'">Choose A</ion-radio>
+ * <ion-radio ng-model="choice" ng-value="'B'">Choose B</ion-radio>
+ * <ion-radio ng-model="choice" ng-value="'C'">Choose C</ion-radio>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name The name of the radio input.
+ * @param {expression=} value The value of the radio input.
+ * @param {boolean=} disabled The state of the radio input.
+ * @param {string=} icon The icon to use when the radio input is selected.
+ * @param {expression=} ng-value Angular equivalent of the value attribute.
+ * @param {expression=} ng-model The angular model for the radio input.
+ * @param {boolean=} ng-disabled Angular equivalent of the disabled attribute.
+ * @param {expression=} ng-change Triggers given expression when radio input's model changes
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionRadio', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    transclude: true,
+    template:
+      '<label class="item item-radio">' +
+        '<input type="radio" name="radio-group">' +
+        '<div class="item-content disable-pointer-events" ng-transclude></div>' +
+        '<i class="radio-icon disable-pointer-events icon ion-checkmark"></i>' +
+      '</label>',
+
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.icon) {
+        element.children().eq(2).removeClass('ion-checkmark').addClass(attr.icon);
+      }
+
+      var input = element.find('input');
+      forEach({
+          'name': attr.name,
+          'value': attr.value,
+          'disabled': attr.disabled,
+          'ng-value': attr.ngValue,
+          'ng-model': attr.ngModel,
+          'ng-disabled': attr.ngDisabled,
+          'ng-change': attr.ngChange
+      }, function(value, name) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+            input.attr(name, value);
+          }
+      });
+
+      return function(scope, element, attr) {
+        scope.getValue = function() {
+          return scope.ngValue || attr.value;
+        };
+      };
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionRefresher
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionic.directive:ionContent, ionic.directive:ionScroll
+ * @description
+ * Allows you to add pull-to-refresh to a scrollView.
+ *
+ * Place it as the first child of your {@link ionic.directive:ionContent} or
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionScroll} element.
+ *
+ * When refreshing is complete, $broadcast the 'scroll.refreshComplete' event
+ * from your controller.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-content ng-controller="MyController">
+ *   <ion-refresher
+ *     pulling-text="Pull to refresh..."
+ *     on-refresh="doRefresh()">
+ *   </ion-refresher>
+ *   <ion-list>
+ *     <ion-item ng-repeat="item in items"></ion-item>
+ *   </ion-list>
+ * </ion-content>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * angular.module('testApp', ['ionic'])
+ * .controller('MyController', function($scope, $http) {
+ *   $scope.items = [1,2,3];
+ *   $scope.doRefresh = function() {
+ *     $http.get('/new-items')
+ *      .success(function(newItems) {
+ *        $scope.items = newItems;
+ *      })
+ *      .finally(function() {
+ *        // Stop the ion-refresher from spinning
+ *        $scope.$broadcast('scroll.refreshComplete');
+ *      });
+ *   };
+ * });
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {expression=} on-refresh Called when the user pulls down enough and lets go
+ * of the refresher.
+ * @param {expression=} on-pulling Called when the user starts to pull down
+ * on the refresher.
+ * @param {string=} pulling-text The text to display while the user is pulling down.
+ * @param {string=} pulling-icon The icon to display while the user is pulling down.
+ * Default: 'ion-android-arrow-down'.
+ * @param {string=} spinner The {@link ionic.directive:ionSpinner} icon to display
+ * after user lets go of the refresher. The SVG {@link ionic.directive:ionSpinner}
+ * is now the default, replacing rotating font icons. Set to `none` to disable both the
+ * spinner and the icon.
+ * @param {string=} refreshing-icon The font icon to display after user lets go of the
+ * refresher. This is depreicated in favor of the SVG {@link ionic.directive:ionSpinner}.
+ * @param {boolean=} disable-pulling-rotation Disables the rotation animation of the pulling
+ * icon when it reaches its activated threshold. To be used with a custom `pulling-icon`.
+ *
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionRefresher', [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    require: ['?^$ionicScroll', 'ionRefresher'],
+    controller: '$ionicRefresher',
+    template:
+    '<div class="scroll-refresher invisible" collection-repeat-ignore>' +
+      '<div class="ionic-refresher-content" ' +
+      'ng-class="{\'ionic-refresher-with-text\': pullingText || refreshingText}">' +
+        '<div class="icon-pulling" ng-class="{\'pulling-rotation-disabled\':disablePullingRotation}">' +
+          '<i class="icon {{pullingIcon}}"></i>' +
+        '</div>' +
+        '<div class="text-pulling" ng-bind-html="pullingText"></div>' +
+        '<div class="icon-refreshing">' +
+          '<ion-spinner ng-if="showSpinner" icon="{{spinner}}"></ion-spinner>' +
+          '<i ng-if="showIcon" class="icon {{refreshingIcon}}"></i>' +
+        '</div>' +
+        '<div class="text-refreshing" ng-bind-html="refreshingText"></div>' +
+      '</div>' +
+    '</div>',
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, ctrls) {
+
+      // JS Scrolling uses the scroll controller
+      var scrollCtrl = ctrls[0],
+          refresherCtrl = ctrls[1];
+      if (!scrollCtrl || scrollCtrl.isNative()) {
+        // Kick off native scrolling
+        refresherCtrl.init();
+      } else {
+        $element[0].classList.add('js-scrolling');
+        scrollCtrl._setRefresher(
+          $scope,
+          $element[0],
+          refresherCtrl.getRefresherDomMethods()
+        );
+
+        $scope.$on('scroll.refreshComplete', function() {
+          $scope.$evalAsync(function() {
+            scrollCtrl.scrollView.finishPullToRefresh();
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionScroll
+ * @module ionic
+ * @delegate ionic.service:$ionicScrollDelegate
+ * @codepen mwFuh
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a scrollable container for all content inside.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ *
+ * Basic usage:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-scroll zooming="true" direction="xy" style="width: 500px; height: 500px">
+ *   <div style="width: 5000px; height: 5000px; background: url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Europe_geological_map-en.jpg') repeat"></div>
+ *  </ion-scroll>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Note that it's important to set the height of the scroll box as well as the height of the inner
+ * content to enable scrolling. This makes it possible to have full control over scrollable areas.
+ *
+ * If you'd just like to have a center content scrolling area, use {@link ionic.directive:ionContent} instead.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify this scrollView
+ * with {@link ionic.service:$ionicScrollDelegate}.
+ * @param {string=} direction Which way to scroll. 'x' or 'y' or 'xy'. Default 'y'.
+ * @param {boolean=} locking Whether to lock scrolling in one direction at a time. Useful to set to false when zoomed in or scrolling in two directions. Default true.
+ * @param {boolean=} paging Whether to scroll with paging.
+ * @param {expression=} on-refresh Called on pull-to-refresh, triggered by an {@link ionic.directive:ionRefresher}.
+ * @param {expression=} on-scroll Called whenever the user scrolls.
+ * @param {boolean=} scrollbar-x Whether to show the horizontal scrollbar. Default true.
+ * @param {boolean=} scrollbar-y Whether to show the vertical scrollbar. Default true.
+ * @param {boolean=} zooming Whether to support pinch-to-zoom
+ * @param {integer=} min-zoom The smallest zoom amount allowed (default is 0.5)
+ * @param {integer=} max-zoom The largest zoom amount allowed (default is 3)
+ * @param {boolean=} has-bouncing Whether to allow scrolling to bounce past the edges
+ * of the content.  Defaults to true on iOS, false on Android.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionScroll', [
+  '$timeout',
+  '$controller',
+  '$ionicBind',
+function($timeout, $controller, $ionicBind) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    scope: true,
+    controller: function() {},
+    compile: function(element) {
+      element.addClass('scroll-view ionic-scroll');
+
+      //We cannot transclude here because it breaks element.data() inheritance on compile
+      var innerElement = jqLite('<div class="scroll"></div>');
+      innerElement.append(element.contents());
+      element.append(innerElement);
+
+      return { pre: prelink };
+      function prelink($scope, $element, $attr) {
+        $ionicBind($scope, $attr, {
+          direction: '@',
+          paging: '@',
+          $onScroll: '&onScroll',
+          scroll: '@',
+          scrollbarX: '@',
+          scrollbarY: '@',
+          zooming: '@',
+          minZoom: '@',
+          maxZoom: '@'
+        });
+        $scope.direction = $scope.direction || 'y';
+
+        if (isDefined($attr.padding)) {
+          $scope.$watch($attr.padding, function(newVal) {
+            innerElement.toggleClass('padding', !!newVal);
+          });
+        }
+        if ($scope.$eval($scope.paging) === true) {
+          innerElement.addClass('scroll-paging');
+        }
+
+        if (!$scope.direction) { $scope.direction = 'y'; }
+        var isPaging = $scope.$eval($scope.paging) === true;
+
+        var scrollViewOptions = {
+          el: $element[0],
+          delegateHandle: $attr.delegateHandle,
+          locking: ($attr.locking || 'true') === 'true',
+          bouncing: $scope.$eval($attr.hasBouncing),
+          paging: isPaging,
+          scrollbarX: $scope.$eval($scope.scrollbarX) !== false,
+          scrollbarY: $scope.$eval($scope.scrollbarY) !== false,
+          scrollingX: $scope.direction.indexOf('x') >= 0,
+          scrollingY: $scope.direction.indexOf('y') >= 0,
+          zooming: $scope.$eval($scope.zooming) === true,
+          maxZoom: $scope.$eval($scope.maxZoom) || 3,
+          minZoom: $scope.$eval($scope.minZoom) || 0.5,
+          preventDefault: true
+        };
+        if (isPaging) {
+          scrollViewOptions.speedMultiplier = 0.8;
+          scrollViewOptions.bouncing = false;
+        }
+
+        $controller('$ionicScroll', {
+          $scope: $scope,
+          scrollViewOptions: scrollViewOptions
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionSideMenu
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionic.directive:ionSideMenus
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A container for a side menu, sibling to an {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenuContent} directive.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-side-menu
+ *   side="left"
+ *   width="myWidthValue + 20"
+ *   is-enabled="shouldLeftSideMenuBeEnabled()">
+ * </ion-side-menu>
+ * ```
+ * For a complete side menu example, see the
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus} documentation.
+ *
+ * @param {string} side Which side the side menu is currently on.  Allowed values: 'left' or 'right'.
+ * @param {boolean=} is-enabled Whether this side menu is enabled.
+ * @param {number=} width How many pixels wide the side menu should be.  Defaults to 275.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionSideMenu', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '^ionSideMenus',
+    scope: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      angular.isUndefined(attr.isEnabled) && attr.$set('isEnabled', 'true');
+      angular.isUndefined(attr.width) && attr.$set('width', '275');
+
+      element.addClass('menu menu-' + attr.side);
+
+      return function($scope, $element, $attr, sideMenuCtrl) {
+        $scope.side = $attr.side || 'left';
+
+        var sideMenu = sideMenuCtrl[$scope.side] = new ionic.views.SideMenu({
+          width: attr.width,
+          el: $element[0],
+          isEnabled: true
+        });
+
+        $scope.$watch($attr.width, function(val) {
+          var numberVal = +val;
+          if (numberVal && numberVal == val) {
+            sideMenu.setWidth(+val);
+          }
+        });
+        $scope.$watch($attr.isEnabled, function(val) {
+          sideMenu.setIsEnabled(!!val);
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionSideMenuContent
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionic.directive:ionSideMenus
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A container for the main visible content, sibling to one or more
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenu} directives.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-side-menu-content
+ *   edge-drag-threshold="true"
+ *   drag-content="true">
+ * </ion-side-menu-content>
+ * ```
+ * For a complete side menu example, see the
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenus} documentation.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} drag-content Whether the content can be dragged. Default true.
+ * @param {boolean|number=} edge-drag-threshold Whether the content drag can only start if it is below a certain threshold distance from the edge of the screen.  Default false. Accepts three types of values:
+   *  - If a non-zero number is given, that many pixels is used as the maximum allowed distance from the edge that starts dragging the side menu.
+   *  - If true is given, the default number of pixels (25) is used as the maximum allowed distance.
+   *  - If false or 0 is given, the edge drag threshold is disabled, and dragging from anywhere on the content is allowed.
+ *
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionSideMenuContent', [
+  '$timeout',
+  '$ionicGesture',
+  '$window',
+function($timeout, $ionicGesture, $window) {
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EA', //DEPRECATED 'A'
+    require: '^ionSideMenus',
+    scope: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      element.addClass('menu-content pane');
+
+      return { pre: prelink };
+      function prelink($scope, $element, $attr, sideMenuCtrl) {
+        var startCoord = null;
+        var primaryScrollAxis = null;
+
+        if (isDefined(attr.dragContent)) {
+          $scope.$watch(attr.dragContent, function(value) {
+            sideMenuCtrl.canDragContent(value);
+          });
+        } else {
+          sideMenuCtrl.canDragContent(true);
+        }
+
+        if (isDefined(attr.edgeDragThreshold)) {
+          $scope.$watch(attr.edgeDragThreshold, function(value) {
+            sideMenuCtrl.edgeDragThreshold(value);
+          });
+        }
+
+        // Listen for taps on the content to close the menu
+        function onContentTap(gestureEvt) {
+          if (sideMenuCtrl.getOpenAmount() !== 0) {
+            sideMenuCtrl.close();
+            gestureEvt.gesture.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+            startCoord = null;
+            primaryScrollAxis = null;
+          } else if (!startCoord) {
+            startCoord = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(gestureEvt.gesture.srcEvent);
+          }
+        }
+
+        function onDragX(e) {
+          if (!sideMenuCtrl.isDraggableTarget(e)) return;
+
+          if (getPrimaryScrollAxis(e) == 'x') {
+            sideMenuCtrl._handleDrag(e);
+            e.gesture.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+          }
+        }
+
+        function onDragY(e) {
+          if (getPrimaryScrollAxis(e) == 'x') {
+            e.gesture.srcEvent.preventDefault();
+          }
+        }
+
+        function onDragRelease(e) {
+          sideMenuCtrl._endDrag(e);
+          startCoord = null;
+          primaryScrollAxis = null;
+        }
+
+        function getPrimaryScrollAxis(gestureEvt) {
+          // gets whether the user is primarily scrolling on the X or Y
+          // If a majority of the drag has been on the Y since the start of
+          // the drag, but the X has moved a little bit, it's still a Y drag
+
+          if (primaryScrollAxis) {
+            // we already figured out which way they're scrolling
+            return primaryScrollAxis;
+          }
+
+          if (gestureEvt && gestureEvt.gesture) {
+
+            if (!startCoord) {
+              // get the starting point
+              startCoord = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(gestureEvt.gesture.srcEvent);
+
+            } else {
+              // we already have a starting point, figure out which direction they're going
+              var endCoord = ionic.tap.pointerCoord(gestureEvt.gesture.srcEvent);
+
+              var xDistance = Math.abs(endCoord.x - startCoord.x);
+              var yDistance = Math.abs(endCoord.y - startCoord.y);
+
+              var scrollAxis = (xDistance < yDistance ? 'y' : 'x');
+
+              if (Math.max(xDistance, yDistance) > 30) {
+                // ok, we pretty much know which way they're going
+                // let's lock it in
+                primaryScrollAxis = scrollAxis;
+              }
+
+              return scrollAxis;
+            }
+          }
+          return 'y';
+        }
+
+        var content = {
+          element: element[0],
+          onDrag: function() {},
+          endDrag: function() {},
+          getTranslateX: function() {
+            return $scope.sideMenuContentTranslateX || 0;
+          },
+          setTranslateX: ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(amount) {
+            var xTransform = content.offsetX + amount;
+            $element[0].style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + xTransform + 'px,0,0)';
+            $timeout(function() {
+              $scope.sideMenuContentTranslateX = amount;
+            });
+          }),
+          setMarginLeft: ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(amount) {
+            if (amount) {
+              amount = parseInt(amount, 10);
+              $element[0].style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(' + amount + 'px,0,0)';
+              $element[0].style.width = ($window.innerWidth - amount) + 'px';
+              content.offsetX = amount;
+            } else {
+              $element[0].style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(0,0,0)';
+              $element[0].style.width = '';
+              content.offsetX = 0;
+            }
+          }),
+          setMarginRight: ionic.animationFrameThrottle(function(amount) {
+            if (amount) {
+              amount = parseInt(amount, 10);
+              $element[0].style.width = ($window.innerWidth - amount) + 'px';
+              content.offsetX = amount;
+            } else {
+              $element[0].style.width = '';
+              content.offsetX = 0;
+            }
+            // reset incase left gets grabby
+            $element[0].style[ionic.CSS.TRANSFORM] = 'translate3d(0,0,0)';
+          }),
+          enableAnimation: function() {
+            $scope.animationEnabled = true;
+            $element[0].classList.add('menu-animated');
+          },
+          disableAnimation: function() {
+            $scope.animationEnabled = false;
+            $element[0].classList.remove('menu-animated');
+          },
+          offsetX: 0
+        };
+
+        sideMenuCtrl.setContent(content);
+
+        // add gesture handlers
+        var gestureOpts = { stop_browser_behavior: false };
+        if (ionic.DomUtil.getParentOrSelfWithClass($element[0], 'overflow-scroll')) {
+          gestureOpts.prevent_default_directions = ['left', 'right'];
+        }
+        var contentTapGesture = $ionicGesture.on('tap', onContentTap, $element, gestureOpts);
+        var dragRightGesture = $ionicGesture.on('dragright', onDragX, $element, gestureOpts);
+        var dragLeftGesture = $ionicGesture.on('dragleft', onDragX, $element, gestureOpts);
+        var dragUpGesture = $ionicGesture.on('dragup', onDragY, $element, gestureOpts);
+        var dragDownGesture = $ionicGesture.on('dragdown', onDragY, $element, gestureOpts);
+        var releaseGesture = $ionicGesture.on('release', onDragRelease, $element, gestureOpts);
+
+        // Cleanup
+        $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          if (content) {
+            content.element = null;
+            content = null;
+          }
+          $ionicGesture.off(dragLeftGesture, 'dragleft', onDragX);
+          $ionicGesture.off(dragRightGesture, 'dragright', onDragX);
+          $ionicGesture.off(dragUpGesture, 'dragup', onDragY);
+          $ionicGesture.off(dragDownGesture, 'dragdown', onDragY);
+          $ionicGesture.off(releaseGesture, 'release', onDragRelease);
+          $ionicGesture.off(contentTapGesture, 'tap', onContentTap);
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionSideMenus
+ * @module ionic
+ * @delegate ionic.service:$ionicSideMenuDelegate
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A container element for side menu(s) and the main content. Allows the left and/or right side menu
+ * to be toggled by dragging the main content area side to side.
+ *
+ * To automatically close an opened menu, you can add the {@link ionic.directive:menuClose} attribute
+ * directive. The `menu-close` attribute is usually added to links and buttons within
+ * `ion-side-menu-content`, so that when the element is clicked, the opened side menu will
+ * automatically close.
+ *
+ * "Burger Icon" toggles can be added to the header with the {@link ionic.directive:menuToggle}
+ * attribute directive. Clicking the toggle will open and close the side menu like the `menu-close`
+ * directive. The side menu will automatically hide on child pages, but can be overridden with the
+ * enable-menu-with-back-views attribute mentioned below.
+ *
+ * By default, side menus are hidden underneath their side menu content and can be opened by swiping
+ * the content left or right or by toggling a button to show the side menu. Additionally, by adding the
+ * {@link ionic.directive:exposeAsideWhen} attribute directive to an
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenu} element directive, a side menu can be given instructions about
+ * "when" the menu should be exposed (always viewable).
+ *
+ * ![Side Menu](http://ionicframework.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/controllers/sidemenu.gif)
+ *
+ * For more information on side menus, check out:
+ *
+ * - {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenuContent}
+ * - {@link ionic.directive:ionSideMenu}
+ * - {@link ionic.directive:menuToggle}
+ * - {@link ionic.directive:menuClose}
+ * - {@link ionic.directive:exposeAsideWhen}
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * To use side menus, add an `<ion-side-menus>` parent element,
+ * an `<ion-side-menu-content>` for the center content,
+ * and one or more `<ion-side-menu>` directives.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-side-menus>
+ *   <!-- Center content -->
+ *   <ion-side-menu-content ng-controller="ContentController">
+ *   </ion-side-menu-content>
+ *
+ *   <!-- Left menu -->
+ *   <ion-side-menu side="left">
+ *   </ion-side-menu>
+ *
+ *   <!-- Right menu -->
+ *   <ion-side-menu side="right">
+ *   </ion-side-menu>
+ * </ion-side-menus>
+ * ```
+ * ```js
+ * function ContentController($scope, $ionicSideMenuDelegate) {
+ *   $scope.toggleLeft = function() {
+ *     $ionicSideMenuDelegate.toggleLeft();
+ *   };
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {bool=} enable-menu-with-back-views Determines whether the side menu is enabled when the
+ * back button is showing. When set to `false`, any {@link ionic.directive:menuToggle} will be hidden,
+ * and the user cannot swipe to open the menu. When going back to the root page of the side menu (the
+ * page without a back button visible), then any menuToggle buttons will show again, and menus will be
+ * enabled again.
+ * @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify this side menu
+ * with {@link ionic.service:$ionicSideMenuDelegate}.
+ *
+ */
+.directive('ionSideMenus', ['$ionicBody', function($ionicBody) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    controller: '$ionicSideMenus',
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      attr.$set('class', (attr['class'] || '') + ' view');
+
+      return { pre: prelink };
+      function prelink($scope, $element, $attrs, ctrl) {
+
+        ctrl.enableMenuWithBackViews($scope.$eval($attrs.enableMenuWithBackViews));
+
+        $scope.$on('$ionicExposeAside', function(evt, isAsideExposed) {
+          if (!$scope.$exposeAside) $scope.$exposeAside = {};
+          $scope.$exposeAside.active = isAsideExposed;
+          $ionicBody.enableClass(isAsideExposed, 'aside-open');
+        });
+
+        $scope.$on('$ionicView.beforeEnter', function(ev, d) {
+          if (d.historyId) {
+            $scope.$activeHistoryId = d.historyId;
+          }
+        });
+
+        $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          $ionicBody.removeClass('menu-open', 'aside-open');
+        });
+
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionSlideBox
+ * @module ionic
+ * @delegate ionic.service:$ionicSlideBoxDelegate
+ * @restrict E
+ * @description
+ * The Slide Box is a multi-page container where each page can be swiped or dragged between:
+ *
+ * ![SlideBox](http://ionicframework.com.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/controllers/slideBox.gif)
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-slide-box on-slide-changed="slideHasChanged($index)">
+ *   <ion-slide>
+ *     <div class="box blue"><h1>BLUE</h1></div>
+ *   </ion-slide>
+ *   <ion-slide>
+ *     <div class="box yellow"><h1>YELLOW</h1></div>
+ *   </ion-slide>
+ *   <ion-slide>
+ *     <div class="box pink"><h1>PINK</h1></div>
+ *   </ion-slide>
+ * </ion-slide-box>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify this slideBox
+ * with {@link ionic.service:$ionicSlideBoxDelegate}.
+ * @param {boolean=} does-continue Whether the slide box should loop.
+ * @param {boolean=} auto-play Whether the slide box should automatically slide. Default true if does-continue is true.
+ * @param {number=} slide-interval How many milliseconds to wait to change slides (if does-continue is true). Defaults to 4000.
+ * @param {boolean=} show-pager Whether a pager should be shown for this slide box. Accepts expressions via `show-pager="{{shouldShow()}}"`. Defaults to true.
+ * @param {expression=} pager-click Expression to call when a pager is clicked (if show-pager is true). Is passed the 'index' variable.
+ * @param {expression=} on-slide-changed Expression called whenever the slide is changed.  Is passed an '$index' variable.
+ * @param {expression=} active-slide Model to bind the current slide to.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionSlideBox', [
+  '$timeout',
+  '$compile',
+  '$ionicSlideBoxDelegate',
+  '$ionicHistory',
+  '$ionicScrollDelegate',
+function($timeout, $compile, $ionicSlideBoxDelegate, $ionicHistory, $ionicScrollDelegate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    transclude: true,
+    scope: {
+      autoPlay: '=',
+      doesContinue: '@',
+      slideInterval: '@',
+      showPager: '@',
+      pagerClick: '&',
+      disableScroll: '@',
+      onSlideChanged: '&',
+      activeSlide: '=?'
+    },
+    controller: ['$scope', '$element', '$attrs', function($scope, $element, $attrs) {
+      var _this = this;
+
+      var continuous = $scope.$eval($scope.doesContinue) === true;
+      var shouldAutoPlay = isDefined($attrs.autoPlay) ? !!$scope.autoPlay : false;
+      var slideInterval = shouldAutoPlay ? $scope.$eval($scope.slideInterval) || 4000 : 0;
+
+      var slider = new ionic.views.Slider({
+        el: $element[0],
+        auto: slideInterval,
+        continuous: continuous,
+        startSlide: $scope.activeSlide,
+        slidesChanged: function() {
+          $scope.currentSlide = slider.currentIndex();
+
+          // Try to trigger a digest
+          $timeout(function() {});
+        },
+        callback: function(slideIndex) {
+          $scope.currentSlide = slideIndex;
+          $scope.onSlideChanged({ index: $scope.currentSlide, $index: $scope.currentSlide});
+          $scope.$parent.$broadcast('slideBox.slideChanged', slideIndex);
+          $scope.activeSlide = slideIndex;
+          // Try to trigger a digest
+          $timeout(function() {});
+        },
+        onDrag: function() {
+          freezeAllScrolls(true);
+        },
+        onDragEnd: function() {
+          freezeAllScrolls(false);
+        }
+      });
+
+      function freezeAllScrolls(shouldFreeze) {
+        if (shouldFreeze && !_this.isScrollFreeze) {
+          $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(shouldFreeze);
+
+        } else if (!shouldFreeze && _this.isScrollFreeze) {
+          $ionicScrollDelegate.freezeAllScrolls(false);
+        }
+        _this.isScrollFreeze = shouldFreeze;
+      }
+
+      slider.enableSlide($scope.$eval($attrs.disableScroll) !== true);
+
+      $scope.$watch('activeSlide', function(nv) {
+        if (isDefined(nv)) {
+          slider.slide(nv);
+        }
+      });
+
+      $scope.$on('slideBox.nextSlide', function() {
+        slider.next();
+      });
+
+      $scope.$on('slideBox.prevSlide', function() {
+        slider.prev();
+      });
+
+      $scope.$on('slideBox.setSlide', function(e, index) {
+        slider.slide(index);
+      });
+
+      //Exposed for testing
+      this.__slider = slider;
+
+      var deregisterInstance = $ionicSlideBoxDelegate._registerInstance(
+        slider, $attrs.delegateHandle, function() {
+          return $ionicHistory.isActiveScope($scope);
+        }
+      );
+      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        deregisterInstance();
+        slider.kill();
+      });
+
+      this.slidesCount = function() {
+        return slider.slidesCount();
+      };
+
+      this.onPagerClick = function(index) {
+        void 0;
+        $scope.pagerClick({index: index});
+      };
+
+      $timeout(function() {
+        slider.load();
+      });
+    }],
+    template: '<div class="slider">' +
+      '<div class="slider-slides" ng-transclude>' +
+      '</div>' +
+    '</div>',
+
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr) {
+      // if showPager is undefined, show the pager
+      if (!isDefined($attr.showPager)) {
+        $scope.showPager = true;
+        getPager().toggleClass('hide', !true);
+      }
+
+      $attr.$observe('showPager', function(show) {
+        show = $scope.$eval(show);
+        getPager().toggleClass('hide', !show);
+      });
+
+      var pager;
+      function getPager() {
+        if (!pager) {
+          var childScope = $scope.$new();
+          pager = jqLite('<ion-pager></ion-pager>');
+          $element.append(pager);
+          pager = $compile(pager)(childScope);
+        }
+        return pager;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}])
+.directive('ionSlide', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '^ionSlideBox',
+    compile: function(element) {
+      element.addClass('slider-slide');
+    }
+  };
+})
+
+.directive('ionPager', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    require: '^ionSlideBox',
+    template: '<div class="slider-pager"><span class="slider-pager-page" ng-repeat="slide in numSlides() track by $index" ng-class="{active: $index == currentSlide}" ng-click="pagerClick($index)"><i class="icon ion-record"></i></span></div>',
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, slideBox) {
+      var selectPage = function(index) {
+        var children = $element[0].children;
+        var length = children.length;
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+          if (i == index) {
+            children[i].classList.add('active');
+          } else {
+            children[i].classList.remove('active');
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+      $scope.pagerClick = function(index) {
+        slideBox.onPagerClick(index);
+      };
+
+      $scope.numSlides = function() {
+        return new Array(slideBox.slidesCount());
+      };
+
+      $scope.$watch('currentSlide', function(v) {
+        selectPage(v);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+});
+
+/**
+* @ngdoc directive
+* @name ionSpinner
+* @module ionic
+* @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ionSpinner` directive provides a variety of animated spinners.
+ * Spinners enables you to give your users feedback that the app is
+ * processing/thinking/waiting/chillin' out, or whatever you'd like it to indicate.
+ * By default, the {@link ionic.directive:ionRefresher} feature uses this spinner, rather
+ * than rotating font icons (previously included in [ionicons](http://ionicons.com/)).
+ * While font icons are great for simple or stationary graphics, they're not suited to
+ * provide great animations, which is why Ionic uses SVG instead.
+ *
+ * Ionic offers ten spinners out of the box, and by default, it will use the appropriate spinner
+ * for the platform on which it's running. Under the hood, the `ionSpinner` directive dynamically
+ * builds the required SVG element, which allows Ionic to provide all ten of the animated SVGs
+ * within 3KB.
+ *
+ * <style>
+ * .spinner-table {
+ *   max-width: 280px;
+ * }
+ * .spinner-table tbody > tr > th, .spinner-table tbody > tr > td {
+ *   vertical-align: middle;
+ *   width: 42px;
+ *   height: 42px;
+ * }
+ * .spinner {
+ *   stroke: #444;
+ *   fill: #444; }
+ *   .spinner svg {
+ *     width: 28px;
+ *     height: 28px; }
+ *   .spinner.spinner-inverse {
+ *     stroke: #fff;
+ *     fill: #fff; }
+ *
+ * .spinner-android {
+ *   stroke: #4b8bf4; }
+ *
+ * .spinner-ios, .spinner-ios-small {
+ *   stroke: #69717d; }
+ *
+ * .spinner-spiral .stop1 {
+ *   stop-color: #fff;
+ *   stop-opacity: 0; }
+ * .spinner-spiral.spinner-inverse .stop1 {
+ *   stop-color: #000; }
+ * .spinner-spiral.spinner-inverse .stop2 {
+ *   stop-color: #fff; }
+ * </style>
+ *
+ * <script src="http://code.ionicframework.com/nightly/js/ionic.bundle.min.js"></script>
+ * <table class="table spinner-table" ng-app="ionic">
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>android</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="android"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>ios</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="ios"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>ios-small</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="ios-small"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>bubbles</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="bubbles"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>circles</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="circles"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>crescent</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="crescent"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>dots</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="dots"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>lines</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="lines"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>ripple</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="ripple"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *    <th>
+ *      <code>spiral</code>
+ *    </th>
+ *    <td>
+ *      <ion-spinner icon="spiral"></ion-spinner>
+ *    </td>
+ *  </tr>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * Each spinner uses SVG with SMIL animations, however, the Android spinner also uses JavaScript
+ * so it also works on Android 4.0-4.3. Additionally, each spinner can be styled with CSS,
+ * and scaled to any size.
+ *
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * The following code would use the default spinner for the platform it's running from. If it's neither
+ * iOS or Android, it'll default to use `ios`.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-spinner></ion-spinner>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * By setting the `icon` attribute, you can specify which spinner to use, no matter what
+ * the platform is.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-spinner icon="spiral"></ion-spinner>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## Spinner Colors
+ * Like with most of Ionic's other components, spinners can also be styled using
+ * Ionic's standard color naming convention. For example:
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-spinner class="spinner-energized"></ion-spinner>
+ * ```
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Styling SVG with CSS
+ * One cool thing about SVG is its ability to be styled with CSS! Some of the properties
+ * have different names, for example, SVG uses the term `stroke` instead of `border`, and
+ * `fill` instead of `background-color`.
+ *
+ * ```css
+ * .spinner svg {
+ *   width: 28px;
+ *   height: 28px;
+ *   stroke: #444;
+ *   fill: #444;
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+*/
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionSpinner', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    controller: '$ionicSpinner',
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, ctrl) {
+      var spinnerName = ctrl.init();
+      $element.addClass('spinner spinner-' + spinnerName);
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionTab
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionic.directive:ionTabs
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Contains a tab's content.  The content only exists while the given tab is selected.
+ *
+ * Each ionTab has its own view history.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-tab
+ *   title="Tab!"
+ *   icon="my-icon"
+ *   href="#/tab/tab-link"
+ *   on-select="onTabSelected()"
+ *   on-deselect="onTabDeselected()">
+ * </ion-tab>
+ * ```
+ * For a complete, working tab bar example, see the {@link ionic.directive:ionTabs} documentation.
+ *
+ * @param {string} title The title of the tab.
+ * @param {string=} href The link that this tab will navigate to when tapped.
+ * @param {string=} icon The icon of the tab. If given, this will become the default for icon-on and icon-off.
+ * @param {string=} icon-on The icon of the tab while it is selected.
+ * @param {string=} icon-off The icon of the tab while it is not selected.
+ * @param {expression=} badge The badge to put on this tab (usually a number).
+ * @param {expression=} badge-style The style of badge to put on this tab (eg: badge-positive).
+ * @param {expression=} on-select Called when this tab is selected.
+ * @param {expression=} on-deselect Called when this tab is deselected.
+ * @param {expression=} ng-click By default, the tab will be selected on click. If ngClick is set, it will not.  You can explicitly switch tabs using {@link ionic.service:$ionicTabsDelegate#select $ionicTabsDelegate.select()}.
+ * @param {expression=} hidden Whether the tab is to be hidden or not.
+ * @param {expression=} disabled Whether the tab is to be disabled or not.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionTab', [
+  '$compile',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+  '$ionicBind',
+  '$ionicViewSwitcher',
+function($compile, $ionicConfig, $ionicBind, $ionicViewSwitcher) {
+
+  //Returns ' key="value"' if value exists
+  function attrStr(k, v) {
+    return isDefined(v) ? ' ' + k + '="' + v + '"' : '';
+  }
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['^ionTabs', 'ionTab'],
+    controller: '$ionicTab',
+    scope: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+
+      //We create the tabNavTemplate in the compile phase so that the
+      //attributes we pass down won't be interpolated yet - we want
+      //to pass down the 'raw' versions of the attributes
+      var tabNavTemplate = '<ion-tab-nav' +
+        attrStr('ng-click', attr.ngClick) +
+        attrStr('title', attr.title) +
+        attrStr('icon', attr.icon) +
+        attrStr('icon-on', attr.iconOn) +
+        attrStr('icon-off', attr.iconOff) +
+        attrStr('badge', attr.badge) +
+        attrStr('badge-style', attr.badgeStyle) +
+        attrStr('hidden', attr.hidden) +
+        attrStr('disabled', attr.disabled) +
+        attrStr('class', attr['class']) +
+        '></ion-tab-nav>';
+
+      //Remove the contents of the element so we can compile them later, if tab is selected
+      var tabContentEle = document.createElement('div');
+      for (var x = 0; x < element[0].children.length; x++) {
+        tabContentEle.appendChild(element[0].children[x].cloneNode(true));
+      }
+      var childElementCount = tabContentEle.childElementCount;
+      element.empty();
+
+      var navViewName, isNavView;
+      if (childElementCount) {
+        if (tabContentEle.children[0].tagName === 'ION-NAV-VIEW') {
+          // get the name if it's a nav-view
+          navViewName = tabContentEle.children[0].getAttribute('name');
+          tabContentEle.children[0].classList.add('view-container');
+          isNavView = true;
+        }
+        if (childElementCount === 1) {
+          // make the 1 child element the primary tab content container
+          tabContentEle = tabContentEle.children[0];
+        }
+        if (!isNavView) tabContentEle.classList.add('pane');
+        tabContentEle.classList.add('tab-content');
+      }
+
+      return function link($scope, $element, $attr, ctrls) {
+        var childScope;
+        var childElement;
+        var tabsCtrl = ctrls[0];
+        var tabCtrl = ctrls[1];
+        var isTabContentAttached = false;
+        $scope.$tabSelected = false;
+
+        $ionicBind($scope, $attr, {
+          onSelect: '&',
+          onDeselect: '&',
+          title: '@',
+          uiSref: '@',
+          href: '@'
+        });
+
+        tabsCtrl.add($scope);
+        $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          if (!$scope.$tabsDestroy) {
+            // if the containing ionTabs directive is being destroyed
+            // then don't bother going through the controllers remove
+            // method, since remove will reset the active tab as each tab
+            // is being destroyed, causing unnecessary view loads and transitions
+            tabsCtrl.remove($scope);
+          }
+          tabNavElement.isolateScope().$destroy();
+          tabNavElement.remove();
+          tabNavElement = tabContentEle = childElement = null;
+        });
+
+        //Remove title attribute so browser-tooltip does not apear
+        $element[0].removeAttribute('title');
+
+        if (navViewName) {
+          tabCtrl.navViewName = $scope.navViewName = navViewName;
+        }
+        $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', selectIfMatchesState);
+        selectIfMatchesState();
+        function selectIfMatchesState() {
+          if (tabCtrl.tabMatchesState()) {
+            tabsCtrl.select($scope, false);
+          }
+        }
+
+        var tabNavElement = jqLite(tabNavTemplate);
+        tabNavElement.data('$ionTabsController', tabsCtrl);
+        tabNavElement.data('$ionTabController', tabCtrl);
+        tabsCtrl.$tabsElement.append($compile(tabNavElement)($scope));
+
+
+        function tabSelected(isSelected) {
+          if (isSelected && childElementCount) {
+            // this tab is being selected
+
+            // check if the tab is already in the DOM
+            // only do this if the tab has child elements
+            if (!isTabContentAttached) {
+              // tab should be selected and is NOT in the DOM
+              // create a new scope and append it
+              childScope = $scope.$new();
+              childElement = jqLite(tabContentEle);
+              $ionicViewSwitcher.viewEleIsActive(childElement, true);
+              tabsCtrl.$element.append(childElement);
+              $compile(childElement)(childScope);
+              isTabContentAttached = true;
+            }
+
+            // remove the hide class so the tabs content shows up
+            $ionicViewSwitcher.viewEleIsActive(childElement, true);
+
+          } else if (isTabContentAttached && childElement) {
+            // this tab should NOT be selected, and it is already in the DOM
+
+            if ($ionicConfig.views.maxCache() > 0) {
+              // keep the tabs in the DOM, only css hide it
+              $ionicViewSwitcher.viewEleIsActive(childElement, false);
+
+            } else {
+              // do not keep tabs in the DOM
+              destroyTab();
+            }
+
+          }
+        }
+
+        function destroyTab() {
+          childScope && childScope.$destroy();
+          isTabContentAttached && childElement && childElement.remove();
+          tabContentEle.innerHTML = '';
+          isTabContentAttached = childScope = childElement = null;
+        }
+
+        $scope.$watch('$tabSelected', tabSelected);
+
+        $scope.$on('$ionicView.afterEnter', function() {
+          $ionicViewSwitcher.viewEleIsActive(childElement, $scope.$tabSelected);
+        });
+
+        $scope.$on('$ionicView.clearCache', function() {
+          if (!$scope.$tabSelected) {
+            destroyTab();
+          }
+        });
+
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionTabNav', [function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    require: ['^ionTabs', '^ionTab'],
+    template:
+    '<a ng-class="{\'tab-item-active\': isTabActive(), \'has-badge\':badge, \'tab-hidden\':isHidden()}" ' +
+      ' ng-disabled="disabled()" class="tab-item">' +
+      '<span class="badge {{badgeStyle}}" ng-if="badge">{{badge}}</span>' +
+      '<i class="icon {{getIconOn()}}" ng-if="getIconOn() && isTabActive()"></i>' +
+      '<i class="icon {{getIconOff()}}" ng-if="getIconOff() && !isTabActive()"></i>' +
+      '<span class="tab-title" ng-bind-html="title"></span>' +
+    '</a>',
+    scope: {
+      title: '@',
+      icon: '@',
+      iconOn: '@',
+      iconOff: '@',
+      badge: '=',
+      hidden: '@',
+      disabled: '&',
+      badgeStyle: '@',
+      'class': '@'
+    },
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, ctrls) {
+      var tabsCtrl = ctrls[0],
+        tabCtrl = ctrls[1];
+
+      //Remove title attribute so browser-tooltip does not apear
+      $element[0].removeAttribute('title');
+
+      $scope.selectTab = function(e) {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        tabsCtrl.select(tabCtrl.$scope, true);
+      };
+      if (!$attrs.ngClick) {
+        $element.on('click', function(event) {
+          $scope.$apply(function() {
+            $scope.selectTab(event);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+      $scope.isHidden = function() {
+        if ($attrs.hidden === 'true' || $attrs.hidden === true) return true;
+        return false;
+      };
+
+      $scope.getIconOn = function() {
+        return $scope.iconOn || $scope.icon;
+      };
+      $scope.getIconOff = function() {
+        return $scope.iconOff || $scope.icon;
+      };
+
+      $scope.isTabActive = function() {
+        return tabsCtrl.selectedTab() === tabCtrl.$scope;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionTabs
+ * @module ionic
+ * @delegate ionic.service:$ionicTabsDelegate
+ * @restrict E
+ * @codepen odqCz
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Powers a multi-tabbed interface with a Tab Bar and a set of "pages" that can be tabbed
+ * through.
+ *
+ * Assign any [tabs class](/docs/components#tabs) to the element to define
+ * its look and feel.
+ *
+ * For iOS, tabs will appear at the bottom of the screen. For Android, tabs will be at the top
+ * of the screen, below the nav-bar. This follows each OS's design specification, but can be
+ * configured with the {@link ionic.provider:$ionicConfigProvider}.
+ *
+ * See the {@link ionic.directive:ionTab} directive's documentation for more details on
+ * individual tabs.
+ *
+ * Note: do not place ion-tabs inside of an ion-content element; it has been known to cause a
+ * certain CSS bug.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-tabs class="tabs-positive tabs-icon-only">
+ *
+ *   <ion-tab title="Home" icon-on="ion-ios-filing" icon-off="ion-ios-filing-outline">
+ *     <!-- Tab 1 content -->
+ *   </ion-tab>
+ *
+ *   <ion-tab title="About" icon-on="ion-ios-clock" icon-off="ion-ios-clock-outline">
+ *     <!-- Tab 2 content -->
+ *   </ion-tab>
+ *
+ *   <ion-tab title="Settings" icon-on="ion-ios-gear" icon-off="ion-ios-gear-outline">
+ *     <!-- Tab 3 content -->
+ *   </ion-tab>
+ *
+ * </ion-tabs>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @param {string=} delegate-handle The handle used to identify these tabs
+ * with {@link ionic.service:$ionicTabsDelegate}.
+ */
+
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionTabs', [
+  '$ionicTabsDelegate',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+function($ionicTabsDelegate, $ionicConfig) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    scope: true,
+    controller: '$ionicTabs',
+    compile: function(tElement) {
+      //We cannot use regular transclude here because it breaks element.data()
+      //inheritance on compile
+      var innerElement = jqLite('<div class="tab-nav tabs">');
+      innerElement.append(tElement.contents());
+
+      tElement.append(innerElement)
+              .addClass('tabs-' + $ionicConfig.tabs.position() + ' tabs-' + $ionicConfig.tabs.style());
+
+      return { pre: prelink, post: postLink };
+      function prelink($scope, $element, $attr, tabsCtrl) {
+        var deregisterInstance = $ionicTabsDelegate._registerInstance(
+          tabsCtrl, $attr.delegateHandle, tabsCtrl.hasActiveScope
+        );
+
+        tabsCtrl.$scope = $scope;
+        tabsCtrl.$element = $element;
+        tabsCtrl.$tabsElement = jqLite($element[0].querySelector('.tabs'));
+
+        $scope.$watch(function() { return $element[0].className; }, function(value) {
+          var isTabsTop = value.indexOf('tabs-top') !== -1;
+          var isHidden = value.indexOf('tabs-item-hide') !== -1;
+          $scope.$hasTabs = !isTabsTop && !isHidden;
+          $scope.$hasTabsTop = isTabsTop && !isHidden;
+          $scope.$emit('$ionicTabs.top', $scope.$hasTabsTop);
+        });
+
+        function emitLifecycleEvent(ev, data) {
+          ev.stopPropagation();
+          var previousSelectedTab = tabsCtrl.previousSelectedTab();
+          if (previousSelectedTab) {
+            previousSelectedTab.$broadcast(ev.name.replace('NavView', 'Tabs'), data);
+          }
+        }
+
+        $scope.$on('$ionicNavView.beforeLeave', emitLifecycleEvent);
+        $scope.$on('$ionicNavView.afterLeave', emitLifecycleEvent);
+        $scope.$on('$ionicNavView.leave', emitLifecycleEvent);
+
+        $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          // variable to inform child tabs that they're all being blown away
+          // used so that while destorying an individual tab, each one
+          // doesn't select the next tab as the active one, which causes unnecessary
+          // loading of tab views when each will eventually all go away anyway
+          $scope.$tabsDestroy = true;
+          deregisterInstance();
+          tabsCtrl.$tabsElement = tabsCtrl.$element = tabsCtrl.$scope = innerElement = null;
+          delete $scope.$hasTabs;
+          delete $scope.$hasTabsTop;
+        });
+      }
+
+      function postLink($scope, $element, $attr, tabsCtrl) {
+        if (!tabsCtrl.selectedTab()) {
+          // all the tabs have been added
+          // but one hasn't been selected yet
+          tabsCtrl.select(0);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionToggle
+ * @module ionic
+ * @codepen tfAzj
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A toggle is an animated switch which binds a given model to a boolean.
+ *
+ * Allows dragging of the switch's nub.
+ *
+ * The toggle behaves like any [AngularJS checkbox](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/input/input[checkbox]) otherwise.
+ *
+ * @param toggle-class {string=} Sets the CSS class on the inner `label.toggle` element created by the directive.
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * Below is an example of a toggle directive which is wired up to the `airplaneMode` model
+ * and has the `toggle-calm` CSS class assigned to the inner element.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-toggle ng-model="airplaneMode" toggle-class="toggle-calm">Airplane Mode</ion-toggle>
+ * ```
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionToggle', [
+  '$timeout',
+  '$ionicConfig',
+function($timeout, $ionicConfig) {
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    replace: true,
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    transclude: true,
+    template:
+      '<div class="item item-toggle">' +
+        '<div ng-transclude></div>' +
+        '<label class="toggle">' +
+          '<input type="checkbox">' +
+          '<div class="track">' +
+            '<div class="handle"></div>' +
+          '</div>' +
+        '</label>' +
+      '</div>',
+
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var input = element.find('input');
+      forEach({
+        'name': attr.name,
+        'ng-value': attr.ngValue,
+        'ng-model': attr.ngModel,
+        'ng-checked': attr.ngChecked,
+        'ng-disabled': attr.ngDisabled,
+        'ng-true-value': attr.ngTrueValue,
+        'ng-false-value': attr.ngFalseValue,
+        'ng-change': attr.ngChange
+      }, function(value, name) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          input.attr(name, value);
+        }
+      });
+
+      if (attr.toggleClass) {
+        element[0].getElementsByTagName('label')[0].classList.add(attr.toggleClass);
+      }
+
+      element.addClass('toggle-' + $ionicConfig.form.toggle());
+
+      return function($scope, $element) {
+        var el = $element[0].getElementsByTagName('label')[0];
+        var checkbox = el.children[0];
+        var track = el.children[1];
+        var handle = track.children[0];
+
+        var ngModelController = jqLite(checkbox).controller('ngModel');
+
+        $scope.toggle = new ionic.views.Toggle({
+          el: el,
+          track: track,
+          checkbox: checkbox,
+          handle: handle,
+          onChange: function() {
+            if (ngModelController) {
+              ngModelController.$setViewValue(checkbox.checked);
+              $scope.$apply();
+            }
+          }
+        });
+
+        $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+          $scope.toggle.destroy();
+        });
+      };
+    }
+
+  };
+}]);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ionView
+ * @module ionic
+ * @restrict E
+ * @parent ionNavView
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A container for view content and any navigational and header bar information. When a view
+ * enters and exits its parent {@link ionic.directive:ionNavView}, the view also emits view
+ * information, such as its title, whether the back button should be displayed or not, whether the
+ * corresponding {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} should be displayed or not, which transition the view
+ * should use to animate, and which direction to animate.
+ *
+ * *Views are cached to improve performance.* When a view is navigated away from, its element is
+ * left in the DOM, and its scope is disconnected from the `$watch` cycle. When navigating to a
+ * view that is already cached, its scope is reconnected, and the existing element, which was
+ * left in the DOM, becomes active again. This can be disabled, or the maximum number of cached
+ * views changed in {@link ionic.provider:$ionicConfigProvider}, in the view's `$state` configuration, or
+ * as an attribute on the view itself (see below).
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * Below is an example where our page will load with a {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} containing
+ * "My Page" as the title.
+ *
+ * ```html
+ * <ion-nav-bar></ion-nav-bar>
+ * <ion-nav-view>
+ *   <ion-view view-title="My Page">
+ *     <ion-content>
+ *       Hello!
+ *     </ion-content>
+ *   </ion-view>
+ * </ion-nav-view>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ## View LifeCycle and Events
+ *
+ * Views can be cached, which means ***controllers normally only load once***, which may
+ * affect your controller logic. To know when a view has entered or left, events
+ * have been added that are emitted from the view's scope. These events also
+ * contain data about the view, such as the title and whether the back button should
+ * show. Also contained is transition data, such as the transition type and
+ * direction that will be or was used.
+ *
+ * <table class="table">
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.loaded</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view has loaded. This event only happens once per
+ * view being created and added to the DOM. If a view leaves but is cached,
+ * then this event will not fire again on a subsequent viewing. The loaded event
+ * is good place to put your setup code for the view; however, it is not the
+ * recommended event to listen to when a view becomes active.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.enter</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view has fully entered and is now the active view.
+ * This event will fire, whether it was the first load or a cached view.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.leave</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view has finished leaving and is no longer the
+ * active view. This event will fire, whether it is cached or destroyed.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.beforeEnter</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view is about to enter and become the active view.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.beforeLeave</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view is about to leave and no longer be the active view.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.afterEnter</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view has fully entered and is now the active view.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.afterLeave</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view has finished leaving and is no longer the active view.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ *  <tr>
+ *   <td><code>$ionicView.unloaded</code></td>
+ *   <td>The view's controller has been destroyed and its element has been
+ * removed from the DOM.</td>
+ *  </tr>
+ * </table>
+ *
+ * ## Caching
+ *
+ * Caching can be disabled and enabled in multiple ways. By default, Ionic will
+ * cache a maximum of 10 views. You can optionally choose to disable caching at
+ * either an individual view basis, or by global configuration. Please see the
+ * _Caching_ section in {@link ionic.directive:ionNavView} for more info.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} view-title A text-only title to display on the parent {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar}.
+ * For an HTML title, such as an image, see {@link ionic.directive:ionNavTitle} instead.
+ * @param {boolean=} cache-view If this view should be allowed to be cached or not.
+ * Please see the _Caching_ section in {@link ionic.directive:ionNavView} for
+ * more info. Default `true`
+ * @param {boolean=} can-swipe-back If this view should be allowed to use the swipe to go back gesture or not.
+ * This does not enable the swipe to go back feature if it is not available for the platform it's running
+ * from, or there isn't a previous view. Default `true`
+ * @param {boolean=} hide-back-button Whether to hide the back button on the parent
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} by default.
+ * @param {boolean=} hide-nav-bar Whether to hide the parent
+ * {@link ionic.directive:ionNavBar} by default.
+ */
+IonicModule
+.directive('ionView', function() {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EA',
+    priority: 1000,
+    controller: '$ionicView',
+    compile: function(tElement) {
+      tElement.addClass('pane');
+      tElement[0].removeAttribute('title');
+      return function link($scope, $element, $attrs, viewCtrl) {
+        viewCtrl.init();
+      };
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+})();
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